Chapter 22 Part2

Kevin Zheng November 1st, 2007 Euro History 6th Period Chapter 22 Outline– Part 2

VI.

The Eighteenth-Century Industrial Revolution A. An Event in World History 1. 2nd half of 18th century European economy started to industrialize 2. This distinguished Europe and eventually North America from the rest of the world for the next two centuries 3. Gave Europe vast majority of goods to sell to other countries 4.Western nation exchanged finished material with raw material 5. Wealth achieved helped Europeans to dominate world markets for almost two centuries 6. New technology of manufacturing of iron lead to a stronger military for Europeans and United States, especially navies. 7.Japan decided to imitate European pattern and did so successfully 8.China was in-directly ruled by Europe 9.Europe has changed the world more than any other single development in the last two centuries. 10.They continued to grow through depressions and other matters B. Industrial Leadership of Great Britain 1.Single Largest trade area in Europe 2.Taxation was heavy but got approval by parliament 3.Benefits for the demand of goods for the North American colonies. 4.Relatively mobile 5.Was not called Revolution 6.New Methods of Textile Production a. Manufacturing permeated to the country side. b. Peasants who worked in fields in summer worked in the winter sewing inside. c. American had the most famous inventions in the Industrial Revolution. d. Between 1780-1800. Cotton output went up by 800 percent e. 1815 cotton composed of 40% of Britain ports 7.The Steam Engine a. Provided steady and unlimited source of power presented to the world for the first time ever b. Driven by burning of coal

c. Thomas Newcomen d. Used it to pump water of the coal mines 8.Iron Production a. British iron makers produced less than 25,000 tons annually. b. All inventions lead to a cheaper product VII.

VIII.

Cities A. Patterns of Preindustrial Urbanization 1.In 1500 there were only 156 cities 2.Paris, Milan, Venice and Naples had more than 100,000 inhabitants 3.By 1800 ~363 cities had 10,000 or more inhabitants 4.Just keep going 5.Growth of Capitals and Ports a. Urban areas displayed most growth and vigor between 1600 and 1750 b. Reflects success of Monarchial state building, and the consequent burgeoning of bureaucracies, armies, courts and other groups related to the process of government of those who lived in the capital c. Rural Labor was cheaper than urban labor d. Because of cheaper labor, big cities declined because people moved to the rural community. 6.Emergence of New Cities and Growth of Small Towns a. After 150 cities grew slowly, new cities arose b. And older cities begin to grow. c. An urban birth from below B. Urban Classes 1.The Upper classes a. Top of urban social structure b. Small group of nobles, large merchants, bankers, financiers, clergy, and government officials c. These men controlled the political and economic issues 2.The Middle Class a. The prosperous but not immensely wealthy merchants, tradesman, bankers, and professional people were the most dynamic element of the urban population. b. Less nobles more artisans c. Normally supported change reform, and economic growth d. They feared lower class as much as upper class 3.Artisans a. Single largest group in any city b. Grocers, butchers, fishmongers, carpenters, cabinetmakers, smiths, printers, hand-loom weavers, and tailors c. They had their own culture, values and, institutions d. Centered around work The Jewish Population” Age of the Ghetto A. No fewer than 3 million Jews dwelled in Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine.

IX.

B. In 1792 Catherine the Great of Russia specifically excluded Jews from a manifesto that welcomed foreigners to travel and stay in Russia C. Lived in most nations with out the rights and privileges of other monarchies unless such rights were granted to them D. NO matter where they lived, from the Old Regime, they lived separately E. In cities they lived in distinct parts called ghettos F. In the country side, Jew Villages G. Jewish history know as, the Age of the Ghetto, is said to of started when they were evicted from Spain. H. They could not mix with the main stream society I. Jews that helped finance the wars were know as court Jews J. Samuel Oppemheimer helped Hapsburg K. Religious, rituals and culture set you guys apart from main stream, mostly L. free to pursue possession M. were regarded as inferiors N. Non-Jew neighbors might turn violent against them O. Children could be taken away and given Christian instruction IN WORLD PERSPECTIVE: Then European World Regime A. China and Europe were similar B. Japan had research stability but has not entered the world trade network C. Concept of human beings as individuals rather than as members of communities D. More land in China, better agricultural techniques in Europe