Chapter 12 Cheat Sheet 2

NUMBER 1 MO’s application for statehood in 1819 touched off bitter debate -Its constitution allowed slavery -11 states allowed slavery, 11 didn’t making Senate evenly balanced -Differences led to “sectionalism”--exaggerated loyalty to a region – Henry Clay proposed a compromise - Maine had also asked to join Union in 1819, but as a free state -Admitting Maine and Missouri maintained balance in Senate – Also momentarily settled issue of slavery by banning slavery in rest of Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30’ NUMBER 2 Stephen A. Douglas hoped to encourage western settlement & open way for transcontinental railroad -Proposed a bill to organize Western territories of KS & NE -Both lay north of line set by Missouri Compromise as boundary for slavery & would likely become free states -To encourage South to accept his plan, Douglas proposed abandoning MO Compromise & letting settlers vote on slavery -Call this “popular sovereignty”--allowing the people to decide -Northerners protested -Repeal of MO Compromise would permit slavery in areas that had been free for more than 30 years -Congress passed Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 - Supporters/opponents of slavery rushed into KS – Slavery supporters from MO crossed border just to vote – Traveled in armed groups--”border ruffians” – Proslavery legislature elected in KS in 1855 -Slavery opponents refused to accept new laws – Adopted their own constitution banning slavery – Two rival governments by January 1856 – Both asked Congress for recognition - With both sides arming themselves, violence inevitable – May 1856, slavery supporters destroyed antislavery capital of Lawrence – John Brown believed God chose him to end slavery & killed 5 slavery supporters at Pottawatomie Creek – Newspapers began referring to “Bleeding Kansas” & “Civil War in Kansas” – Territorial governor used federal troops to end bloodshed NUMBER 3 Dred Scott an enslaved African American - Army doctor brought him to MO, a slave state - Doctor then moved to IL & WI, both free states, before returning to MO - Scott sued for freedom b/c he’d once lived on free soil – Justice Roger B. Taney said slaves were property, not citizens, & had no right to sue - Fifth Amendment forbids Congress to take away property without due process - Further ruled that MO Compromise was unconstitutional b/c Congress & voters had no power to limit/ban slavery - Bottom line: Constitution protected slavery!