Chapter 10 Powerpoint

Chapter 10 Food and Life

Overview of the Chapter What you will learn....

How diet affects the body How the body processes and uses food How to read food nutrients labels How to analyze diets

Overview of the Day: 10.1 Assessing Nutrients Today you will learn about 

Nutrition

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Nutrients

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Nourishment

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Malnutrition

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The 6 essential nutrients, their functions and example of them.

Assessing Nutrients Nutrition: 

Is a branch of science that studies foods and how our bodies use them.

Nutritionists: 

study the food needs of humans and other organisms

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They develop lists of nutrient requirement for these organisms

Nutrients  Are substances found in foods.  They provide nourishment for our body  In order for an organism to maintain its health

it must consume a mixture of foods and drinks to supply their bodies with enough nourishment and energy .  Nourishment and energy help the body to

maintain its cells, tissues, and organs, and to support growth and development.

Malnutrition  This occurs when essential nutrients are missing from a diet.  It can happen if you are eating to little, or even if your eating

enough in volume but the food you are consuming doesn't contain important nutrients your body needs to be healthy.  Malnourished people suffer from:  High levels of sickness  Disability  Shorter life spans  Malnourished children may not grow properly and suffer from brain damage.  More.....

Some Quick Statistics Every year 15 million children die of hunger About 183 million children weigh less than they

should for their age

Every 3.6 seconds someone dies of hunger It is estimated that some 800 million people in the

world suffer from hunger and malnutrition,

The Next Couple of Slide are Graphic The following slides are pictures of extreme

malnutrition. These are graphic so if you do not want to look at them then do not look. I will tell you when we are done looking at them.

Malnutrition

This boy is suffering from sever malnutrition which had caused him to loose most of his muscle. This is why you are able to clearly see the bones and loose skin on his tiny frame

Malnutrition

Lack of Vitamin C

Lack of Vitamin A

The Nutrients We Need  Your body requires 6 essential nutrients. Please be able to list

these! 1.

Carbohydrates Can be in the form of sugar or starch They are the primary source of energy for our body

2. Proteins Build body tissue Regulate chemical activity Supply energy when carbohydrates and fats are not available

3. Fats Are stored in the body for use as an energy source when carbohydrates are in short supply

The Nutrients We Need 4. Vitamins: Are organized according to whether they can be absorbed in fat or water Vitamins A,D,E, and K are in foods that contain fats. Vitamins B and C are soluble in water.

6. Minerals: Help carry out life functions Includes; calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, iron, and iodine.

8. Water: Is essential for life because it is used in every life function The water you take in through food and drink needs to be balanced with the water that is eliminated from your body

Overview: 10.2 Analyzing Diets Today you will learn:  What diet is......  What a mixed diet is......  Canada’s food guide.....  How to read a food label.....  Learn about vegetarian and fad diets. What are they?

Analyzing Diets Diet: 

refers to the amount and type of food you eat every day

Mixed Diet: 

Is a diet in which it is easy to obtain the nutrients you need. This is because it consists of a wide variety of food.

Canada’s Food Guide Classifies food into 4 groups: 1. Grain Products Bread and cereals

2. Fruits and Vegetables Watermelon and zucchini

3. Milk Products Cheese and yogurt

4. Meat and Alternatives Fish and chicken

Canada’s Food Guide The food guide is based on 5 guidelines: 1. Eat a variety of foods 3. Eat a lot of whole grain cereals, breads, fruits, and vegetables. 5. Choose low fat dairy products, lean meats, and food prepared with little or not fat. 7. Participate in regular physical activity 9. Limit the intake of salt, sugar, alcohol and caffeine

Vegetarian Diets They choose not to eat animal

products.

Strict vegetarians are called

vegans and they do not eat any animal products like eggs or milk.

Other vegetarians may eat dairy

products, fish and chicken but not red meat like pork, lamb, or beef.

Vegetarian Since a vegetarian does not consume

meat they must ensure they are still obtaining protein. They do this by eating a variety of plant based foods.

Benefit: it is high in fibre and low in

harmful forms of fat.

Drawback: can be low in iron and vitamin

B and the vegan diet may lack calcium. They should take vitamin supplements to fill these nutritional needs.

Fad Diets Fad diet  refers to a current idea or craze about how or what people should eat. These diets usually involve weight loss.

Atkins EXAMPLE: THE ATKINS DIET 

Athletes that want to gain weight believed the atkins diet would work because high amounts of protein are believed to develop more body muscle. NOT TRUE

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To increase muscle bulk they need to consume more energy from carbohydrates (which the atkins diet excludes completely), not protien.

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They must also exercise to increase muscle mass

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Too much protein= dehydration because it takes more water to eliminate excess protein from the body

Food Labelling Going to the lab next week to learn more about

Canadian food labels.

Overview: 10.3 The Digestive System: Mining for nutrients Today you will learn....  What mechanical and chemical digestion are  What absorption means in terms of the digestive system  More in-depth on the parts of the digestive system Mouth & saliva Stomach Small intestine Large intestine

Digestion It wouldn't matter what nutrients you

ate if your body didn’t absorb them.

Remember that the job of the digestive

system was to break up your food into chemical compounds your cells could use.

These chemical compounds include the

necessary nutrients you body needs to be healthy

3 Steps Involved in Getting Nutrients 1. Mechanical digestion 

Teeth and stomach break food down into small pieces

2. Chemical Digestion 

Chemicals known as enzymes break food down into smaller particles

3. Absorption 

Molecule-sized products of chemical digestion move into the bloodstream

The Mouth The Teeth  are the most important component of mechanical digestion. They reduce the size of food and help mix it with saliva. Saliva  Contains enzymes which chemically break down starch into smaller fragments known as sugars (Chemical digestion).

Stomach The Stomach  Breaks down food with muscle contractions(mechanical digestion) and mixes it with gastric juices to form a pasty fluid 

Acids in the gastric juices activate enzymes that digest food and turn it into liquid form. They start breaking down proteins. (Chemical Digestion)

Small Intestine Once the food is partially digested it

is released into the small intestine.

Most chemical digestion and

almost all absorption occurs in the small intestine.

Glands in the liver and pancreas

release enzymes to neutralize the gastric juices in the food at the beginning of the small intestine.

Small Intestine Digestion  Carbohydrates  Enzymes further break down carbohydrates into sugars. These sugars can be absorbed into the bloodstream.  Protein  Enzymes split the proteins into simpler components which can then be absorbed  Fat  Bile, a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder, breaks fat into smaller particles. 

Enzymes in the pancreas can then digest these smaller particles.

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Once these steps have been completed the fats are ready to be absorbed

Large Intestine Absorption continues in the

large intestine

Water, minerals, and

vitamins are absorbed into the blood stream.

Please add to your notes! Dr. William Beaumont was the first to do hands-on

research with the digestive system.

After Alexis St. Martin shot himself in the stomach.

The hole never healed and allowed Dr. Beaumont to experiment on him.

Overview: 10.4: The Role of Diet Today you will learn....  How to many fats in your diet can effect your life style....  How skipping a meal can impact your day

Evaluate Your Choices Your body depends on you to

fuel it with a good balance of nutrients at regular intervals

Skipping meals can cause

your blood sugar to drop.

In order for your body to

conserve energy it slows down and as a result you feel drowsy and its hard to concentrate.

TO MUCH FAT To much fat in a diet can cause

several problems 

Your body has to work harder to digest fats

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Excess fat can cause you to feel uncomfortable or to throw up

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High fat diets can cause fatigue and lack of energy

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Cholesterol from fatty foods blocks arteries

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Over time, fat causes weight gain