Chapter 9 Powerpoint

Chapter 9 Life Functions

Chapter Overview: What you will be learning...... 

The 7 life functions common to all living things



Photosynthesis and cellular respiration



The difference and similarities between photosynthesis and cellular respiration



The major human organ systems



The functions of the digestive system and circulatory system



Some technologies used to monitor life

Today’s Overview- 9.1 What you will learn

today...... 

The 7 life functions Mnemonic(memory aid) for the life functions



Different plant and animal adaptations

Life Functions  Although all living things look different from each other,

they all have seven things in common.

 These seven things are called life processes.

 Something is only alive if it does all seven processes.

The following slides will explain these seven processes.

Life Functions.... Transportation 

This includes the actual movement of the organism, its parts, or its internal materials

Examples 

Animals move their whole bodies to get from one place to another.



Plants turn towards the light and their roots grow down into the soil.

Life Functions...... Nutrition 

All living things must be able to produce or obtain food



Food is used to provide energy. Green plants make their own food using sunlight. Animals eat plants or other animals.

Life Functions...... Growth and Repair 

All living things are able to build and/or repair body parts Babies grow into adults. Seedlings grow into plants.

Life Functions..... Reproduction: 

Being able to make new cells or a new organism Bacteria are single celled organisms and they replicate themselves Animals have babies

Life Functions Regulation:  All living things respond to changes. Living things notice changes in their surroundings and react to them. 

“Sensitive to their surroundings” Plants grow towards the light.

Life Functions..... Metabolism 

Breathing- getting oxygen into our body and releasing carbon dioxide



Digesting- breaking our food down to get nutrients and energy to our bodies



Eliminating wastes

Life Functions..... Synthesis  Being able to direct cell activities to create, or build needed substances.

Mnemonic The Life Functions  Metabolism  Reproduction  Synthesis  Growth and Repair  Regulate  And  Nutrition  Transportation

The Life Functions  M  R  S  G  R  And  N  T 

**Mrs. Grant**

Plant and Animal Adaptations Adaptation is the process of making adjustments to

the environment in order to survive

Many plants and animals have adaptations which

allow them to survive harsh conditions.

Examples: Torpor Hibernation Dormancy Estivation

Torpor This is usually a short term state of reduced body

temperature and metabolism.

Torpor is often used to help animals survive during

periods of colder temperatures(night), since it allows the organism to save the amount of energy that would normally be used to maintain a high body temperature.

humming birds and bats commonly use this form of

adaptation

Hibernation Is an inactive, sleep like state. The

animal slows its metabolism which causes their body temperature to drop.

This allows them to reduce the amount

of energy their body uses. This is needed during winter because of the lack of available food supplies.

Animals that hibernate include bears

and hedgehogs

Dormancy Is when a plant stops growing for a period of time

when resources are low. This is usually during winter.

Seeds can become dormant for hundreds of years. In

many cases seeds will stay dormant until ideal conditions come along.

Some seeds even require a forest fire before they will

start to grow.

Estivation The period when an animal is inactive because of

drought and/or extreme heat

It is the opposite of hibernation. Hibernation occurs

in the winter and estivation occurs in the summer

Snails and frogs undergo estivation

Todays Overview: 9.2 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Today you will learn....  What photosynthesis is  Where photosynthesis takes place  What the reactants and products of photosynthesis are   



What cellular respiration is Where cellular respiration takes place What the reactants and products of cellular respiration are What the similarities and differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration  All plants and animals need a continuous supply of energy in order to grow

and function.  From the life functions this falls under the nutrition category.  Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat. Plants need to make their

own food in a process called photosynthesis 

These two life functions are connected In photosynthesis plants make their own food In a process called cellular respiration, the food that is produced undergoes chemical change and releases energy.

Photosynthesis Is the process by which chloroplasts

in the plant cells convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen.

Glucose is a simple sugar that can be

stored until it is needed for energy.

Photosynthesis Purpose: 

to provide plants with food

Location: 

In the Chloroplast of the cell

Reactants: 

Carbon dioxide, sunlight and water

Products: 

Oxygen and glucose

Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight

Oxygen + Glucose

Photosynthesis video

..\..\..\..\Videos\RealPlayer Downloads\Photosynthesis T

Storing Plant Food Any food that the plant does not use immediately use

is stored for later use. Plants store their food in a variety of different parts.

Cellular Respiration Both plants and animals use cellular respiration During cellular respiration, the energy stored inside our

food is converted to other forms of energy that our bodies can use.

If this is where our energy comes from, or is released from,

where in the cell does this occur?

The Power House  The Mitochondria- all cells have mitochondria

Cellular Respiration  The mitochondria convert energy from the food into a form of

energy that the cell can use to grow and do work.

 Reactants: Glucose and Oxygen  Products: Carbon dioxide, water and energy

Glucose C6H12O6

Carbon Dioxide CO2

Water Oxygen

H2 O

O2 Energy

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration PHOTOSYNTHESIS

RESPIRATION

Where?

In the chloroplast

In the mitochondria

When?

In the presence of light

All the time

Reactants

Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight

Glucose and oxygen

Products

Glucose, oxygen

Carbon dioxide and water

Energy sources

Light

Chemical bonds

Energy result

Energy stored

Energy released

Plants or Animals

Plants

Both plants and animals

Todays Overview: 9.3 Human Organ Systems A general description of the functions of the  Digestive system  Nervous system  Circulatory system  Urinary System  Skeletal System  More... The role of the digestive system The parts of the digestive system The different ways to monitor life functions

Organ Systems Skeletal System  Provides shape and form for out bodies 

Protects body and its organs



Produces blood

Muscular System  Makes it possible for the body to move 

Provides posture and joint stability

Video- The Skeletal System ..\..\..\..\Videos\RealPlayer Downloads\

HowStuffWorks Videos Human Body The Skeletal System.flv

Organ Systems Nervous System 

Provides a communication network from the brain to the rest of the body



Regulates life functions

 Respiratory System 

Responsible for getting oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out

Organ System Reproductive System 

Allows the organism to reproduce by producing egg and sperm cells transporting and sustaining these cells nurturing a developing fetus producing hormones

Organ System Urinary (Excretory) System 

Kidney filters blood that has collected wastes from cells and then transports these wastes to the urinary bladder



Urinary bladder holds wastes until they are excreted through the urethra

Organ System Circulatory System 

Transports substances throughout the body including food molecules oxygen carbon dioxide wastes hormones

Organ System Digestive System 

Breaks down and digests food into small chemical compounds that can be used by cells



Rids the body of solid wastes

The Digestive System  Chemical energy is stored in food and it is the digestive system that

changes the food we eat into simple chemical compound that can be used in our body, in our cells.

 The body uses these compound, we call nutrients, for energy, growth

and repair.

 The major types of nutrients are carbohydrates which include sugars

and starches, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Digestion Video ..\..\..\..\Videos\RealPlayer Downloads\

HowStuffWorks Videos The Digestive System Digestion.flv

The Digestive System Your digestive system is one

long continuous tube. The food enters your mouth and food waste leaves through your anus. Start Finish.

Parts of the Digestive System Mouth:  point of ingestion Teeth:  chew food into smaller pieces Salivary glands:  moisten food, contain enzymes to start breaking down food Esophagus:  pushes food to stomach through wave-like muscle spasm

Parts of the Digestive system Gall bladder: 

stores bile

Pancreas: 

provides most digestive enzymes; produces insulin to extract nutrients from food

Stomach: 

mixes food through with muscle contractions; releases acids that activate chemicals to digest food; dissolves food in liquid form

Parts of the Digestive System Small intestine: 

has chemicals to digest food; neutralizes stomach acid; absorbs most nutrients

Large intestine: 

absorbs vitamins, minerals, and water

Rectum: 

stores solid waste

Anus: 

discharges solid mass of undigested food called feces

Salivary glands Mouth Teeth Esophagus

Pancreas

Stomach

Gall Bladder

Large intestine Small intestine

Rectum

Anus

9.4 Keeping an Eye on Life Functions The following are technologies developed to maintain or

monitor life functions

CAT Scan 

Is an X-ray picture of the brain. It is used to check for swelling or internal bleeding. If these things are not caught it can be fatal.

Blood Pressure Cuff 

Is used to check your blood pressure

Stethoscope 

Is used to check your heart rate

CAT Scan

Keeping an Eye on Life Functions X-rays  Allow us to see any damage to your bones. It does this because X-rays are able to penetrate soft tissue like skin but not dense tissue like bones. EKG  Is a machine used to diagnose disorders in your heart. It prints out a record of the rate and pattern of a patients heart

EKG

Keeping an Eye on Life Functions EEG  Is used to study your brain. It records changes in brain activity. Endoscope  Is a light instrument that allows doctors to see the inside of hollow organs such as your stomach. This allows them to check for abnormalities.

Endoscope

Todays Overview: 9.3- Organ systems Today you will learn......  More about the circulatory system and its parts 

How the circulatory system and digestive system work together



How to check your blood pressure and what blood pressure means.

The Circulatory System The role of the circulatory

system is to move blood through out the body.

The systems consists of:  The heart  Capillaries  The arteries  Veins

The Circulatory System  The Heart Is a hollow muscle that pumps the blood through your body  The Arteries

The heart receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and the arteries take this blood away from the heart to the body.

 The Capillaries Are extremely small net like vessels that connect the veins and arteries. 

Their walls are only one cell thick and this allows them to exchange oxygen with other cells in our body easily.

 The Veins Returns oxygen poor blood from the body back to the heart

The Circulatory system When blood is oxygen rich it is red. When blood is

oxygen-poor it is blue.

Arteries are red because they contain oxygen rich

blood

Veins are blue because they contain oxygen rich blood

The Cycle of the Circulatory System 1.

Veins bring blood from the body back to the heart so that it can be reoxygenated by the lungs.

2.

From the lungs the now oxygen rich blood returns to the heart.

3.

When the blood gets back to the heart and it is pumped to the body through the arteries.

4.

From the arteries the oxygen rich blood enters the capillaries so that the oxygen from the blood can be exchanged with other cells in the body

5.

The now oxygen poor blood flows into the veins and is brought back to the heart where it will be pumped to the lungs and re-oxygenated. (And the cycle continues)

The Cycle of the Circulatory System

O XY G E N P O O R

O XY G E N RI C H

The heart

Working Together The Digestive System and the Circulatory System  The circulatory system works with the

digestive system in the following ways:

2. Nutrients from the digestive system enters the blood stream through the capillary wall 3. The circulatory system carries the nutrients to the cells of the body 4. Nutrients travel around, over and through each cell in the body.

Working Together The Digestive System and the Circulatory System 5. Waste molecules pass from the cells back to the bloodstream through the capillary walls 6. The circulatory system helps dispose of waste and toxins. These would harm the body if they accumulated

Check Your Blood Pressure  When your heart pumps you can feel the

wave of blood when you check your pulse. Your Pulse tells you how fast your heart is beating.  Your blood has to reach all areas of your

body from the heart so it is pumped under great pressure.  You can measure the pressure using a

blood pressure cuff.

Check Your Blood Pressure a blood pressure reading consists of two numbers (e.g 12o

over 80)

The two numbers represent the blood pressure at two

different stages of your heart’s pumping cycle.

When your heart pumps, blood pressure rises sharply.

This provides the high number and is called the systolic pressure.

You can remember systolic by remembering that it is the

sharp pressure rise. Both start with S

Check Your Blood Pressure When the heart is relaxed, and just before it contracts

to pump again, the blood pressure is at its lowest. This is referred to as the diastolic pressure.

You can remember diastolic by remembering its a the

decreased blood pressure. Both starting with D

Activity: Check Your Pulse  Find your pulse  I will time you for 10 seconds

and you count how many times you feel your pulse.

 Now times that number by 6  ______x6=_______  This is how many times your

heart beats per minute!