Ch 1 Organizational Behaviour[26].ppt

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INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Prof. Sushama Khanna

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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR DEFINITION Sushama Khanna

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An interdisciplinary behavioural science which studies phenomena and dynamics (processes) of organizations and relates these processes to their various human units (individuals, roles, dyads, teams, interteams, organizations and organisation-environment interface).

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CONTRIBUTING DISCIPLINES TO OB Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings 6

Psychology seeks to measure,explain, and change behavior

Social psychology focuses on the influence of people on one another

Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities

Political science is the study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment

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CONTRIBUTING DISCIPLINES TO THE OB FIELD 4/4/2019 Sushama Khanna

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BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE SOURCES OF OB TOPICS Relevant Behaviral Science

Individual

Motivation Perception Personality Decision making Interpersonal styles Attitude

Psychology

Role

Role effectiveness Leadership Work motivation Role stress and burn-out

Sociology and Psychology

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Organizational Unit

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BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE SOURCES OF OB TOPICS Relevant Behaviral Science

Teams and interteams

Team effectiveness Communication Conflict Mgt. Consensus building Dev. Collaboration

Sociology

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Organizational Unit

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BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE SOURCES OF OB TOPICS Relevant Behaviral Science

Organization

Culture & climate Anthropology Org. communication Political Science Org. learning Org. change and development Power & politics cross-cultural orgs.

Context

Societal culture Values

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EVOLUTION OF OB 4/4/2019

Robert Owen – British Industrialist -improved working conditions and facilities for workers, no child labour, etc. Fredrick Taylor – Sushama Khanna

-popularized concept of Scientific Management using studies of time and motion, very little concern for human aspects

Hawthorn Studies – at Hawthornworks of Western Electric Co., USA -Effect pf intensity of light on productivity Human Relations Movement – 1950s - Social environment; McGregor (Theory X, Theory Y); Maslow 15 (Hierarchy of needs theory of motivation)

ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS

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is the underlying human and behavioural dimension of an organisation and various groups and individuals which constitute the organisation.

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 Process

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PROCESS LEVELS Levels

Processes Self-awareness,

2. Inter-person: Empathic Processes

Communication, relationship building

3. The Role : Coping Processes

Coping in the roles one plays

4. The Group : Building Processes

Building of group as an entity, Norms and traditions

5. Intergroup : Collaborative Processes

Cooperation, problem solving, perception

6. The Organisation : Growth Processes

Channels of communication, culture, climate

7. Org-Environment Interface: Influence Processes

Cultural, political and economic conditions exerting on org.

8. The community: Social Awareness

Relating and helping the community17

9. The Society : Value processes

Values and power, social responsibility

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1. The person: Existential Processes

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DEVELOPING AN OB MODEL be developed based on 3 levels

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Organization system level

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 Can

Group level

Individual level 18

VARIABLES IN OB MODEL

The independent variables do not get affected by any other variable; e.g. gender, height, age, IQ, EQ, etc.

The dependent variables get affected by other variables and may change frequently. For example, employee turnover may be due to beh. of boss or peers, org.culture etc.

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Dependent Variables

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Independent Variables

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THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES IN OB MODEL

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The independent variables can be at any of these three levels in this model: Individual – Biographical characteristics, personality and emotions, values and attitudes, ability, perception, motivation, individual learning and individual decision making. Group – Communication, group decision making, leadership and trust, group structure, conflict, power and politics, competition and collaboration and work teams. Organization System – Organizational culture, human resource policies and 20 practices, and organizational structure and design.

THE DEPENDENT VARIABLES IN OB MODEL  Productivity - Transforming inputs to outputs at lowest cost. Includes the concepts of effectiveness (achievement of goals) and efficiency (meeting goals at a low cost).  Absenteeism - Failure to report to work – a huge cost to employers.  Turnover - Voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.  Organizational Citizenship – Employee’s bonding or feeling of belongingness. Going an extra mile willingly and enthusiastically to carry out tasks which are not part of an employee’s formal job requirements  Job Satisfaction - A general attitude (not a behavior) toward one’s job; a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. 1-21

TEAM EXERCISE – ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS (APP. 40 MINS.)

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groups of 4-6.  Each group is given following instructions:  “You are the HR department of Topaz Industries. Topaz Industries has been into existence since 1980 manufacturing batteries. Recently it has been noticed by top management that organization is not meeting its goal and organization is going into heavy losses. Your team has been asked to present a report on the causes for low effectiveness and low efficiency of organization.

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 Make

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 Your

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team has conducted a survey and findings of survey are: “It has been noticed that Productivity of organization has been decreasing since past ten months, Absenteeism rate has increased, Employee turn-over is very high, Job-satisfaction of employees is also very low and in general employees refuse to do any work beyond their basic job responsibilities.”  Your team is very concerned on such findings.

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 Discuss

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among your team, reasons, consequences and remedial action to be taken up for all the above mentioned issues. (10 mins.)  Present your views, comments and action plan in front of entire class.” (15 mins)  Conduct a class discussion based on presentations made by all the groups. (10 mins.)

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