Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
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BUTTON MAKERS AND THEIR BACKMARKS
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During the second half of the eighteenth century, manufacturers of metal buttons began to ‘brand’ their products by marking the backs with their names and often their addresses. These ‘backmarks’ can provide useful information for dating the buttons, as details of the various companies, and when they were operating, can be found in contemporary trade directories and other documentary sources. The marking is invariably produced by die stamping, which is an inherent part of the manufacturing process, and backmarks produced in this way continue to be used to the present day. The list that follows identifies British manufacturers and the backmarks they used from the earliest ones recorded until about the middle of the twentieth century. They have been collated from a large number of sources over a long period of time, both documentary and from the buttons themselves, most of which have been recovered by metal detectorists. In general, dates should be regarded as approximate, and not exclusive unless the context indicates otherwise. It is also the case that there are some differences in respect of dating between the secondary sources that have been consulted. Where it has not been possible to reconcile such differences, the various dates and date ranges encountered are all shown in the applicable ‘Date’ field.
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The listing is in alphabetical order, by company name. During the period concerned, this is invariably the surname(s) of the founder(s). Where various members or generations of the same family worked for the business, they are listed under the common surname. Where double or multiple names apply, each name is listed separately, but cross-referenced back to the main company name. This has been done to facilitate faster tracing of a company when backmarks are partially illegible, as they often are on buttons recovered from the ground. In addition to listing backmarks, any relevant information concerning the button makers is shown in summary form. This typically includes dates when the companies were established, taken over or ceased trading. Known button types, associated with the maker, or with particular backmarks, are also noted where it is considered that they might be helpful. The backmarks consist of the company’s name (or initials) alone, or the name and address together. They also occasionally include a pictorial trademark, such as the Prince of Wales plume found on Jennens’ buttons from 1860. In the list, the backmark is always the combination of the ‘Name’ and ‘Address’ fields. If the address is not part of the backmark, the ‘Address’ field will be empty. It is not always clear from the sources whether the name and address are actual backmarks used by the companies, or simply their details, as obtained from trade directories and other primary sources. For this reason, those backmarks that have actually been seen by the writer - either by viewing the buttons directly, or
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Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
Seal matrices Thimbles Tumbrels
photographs of them - are shown in an emboldened font. It is the intention that the list will be periodically updated, as more of the backmarks are confirmed. It should be noted that confirmation of a backmark does not imply confirmation of any dates associated with them. It is also inevitable that the list will contain errors, both as a result of transcribing the information, and because of the use of secondary sources, which, as indicated above, are sometimes at variance with each other. Similarly, there will be omissions from the list, both in respect of the names of companies, and the backmarks for those that are listed. It is intended that the periodic updates will also include amendments and additions, as more information becomes available. If details seem rather sparse in some cases, it should be borne in mind that the information shown might have been gleaned from a single button or a single documentary reference. In other cases, of course, there is a wealth of published information, and further details are often available from the sources cited at the end of the listing. -[ A to F ] ---[ G - H - I - J - K - L - M ]--- [ N to Z ] GAUNT Date(s) 1750
Name
Address
1870-1973
J R Gaunt & Son
Birmingham
1884 - well J R Gaunt & Son after 1899 From 1890’s J R Gaunt & Sons 1899-1991 1899-1991 1899-1991 1899-1991 From 1900 c.19011939? c.1914c.1939
J R Gaunt & Son Ltd J R Gaunt & Son Ltd J R Gaunt & Son Ltd J R Gaunt & Son Ltd J R Gaunt & Son Ltd J R Gaunt & Son Ltd J R Gaunt & Son Ltd J R Gaunt & Sons
London Clifford Street Birmingham London London Eng London Engld London England
Montreal Made In England Montreal Montreal
1924 1940-1948
Related Information Company established in this year according to Firmin website Military and uniform buttons, including British Rail Livery buttons
Amalgamated with Jennens & Co of London J R Gaunt & Son
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London
Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
Ltd Late Jennens 1950s/1960s Gaunt onwards 1950s/1960s Gaunt onwards 2006
GILPIN Date(s)
Name Gilpin & Co
London London Eng Part of Firmin Group. Address: J R Gaunt & Son 11 Brearley St, Aston, Birmingham
Address London
Related Information GWR buttons
GREEN (See PLANT, GREEN & MANTON) GREEN, CADBURY & RICHARDS Date(s) Name Address Related Information 1860-1876 Green, Cadbury & Friday Works, Summer Richards (or Sumner) Row 1876 Green, Cadbury & Great Hampton Street Richards GRIFFITH Date(s) Name c.1900Sydney Griffith 1925 H&H Date(s)
Name H & H Ltd H & H Ltd
Address Birmingham
Related Information Buttons, include British Army
Address Birmingham B’ham
Related Information
HT&B Date(s) 1850’s
Name Address Hammond, Turner & Manchester Bates 1861-1865 H T & B Manchester
Civil Defence buttons
Related Information Possibly outfitters American Civil War buttons
HT&D (Hammond, Turner & Dickinson – See HAMMOND) HT&S (Hammond, Turner & Sons – See HAMMOND) HAMMOND Date(s) Name http://www.ukdfd.co.uk/pages/buttonsgtom.html[24.02.2009 02:25:17]
Address
Related Information
Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
1717 1717-1800 c.1790Hammond, Turner & Birmingham 1823 Dickinson Hammond, Turner c.1800 c.1812& Dickinson 1823 1800-1812 H T & D 1823-1865 Hammond Turner & Sons 1823-1865 H T & S c.18401850 Hammond Turner & Sons Ltd 1955
Company founded in Birmingham Company operating from 100 Snowhill, Birmingham Predecessor to Hammond, Turner & Sons Royal Navy buttons
Decorated buttons Plain gilt buttons Noted for fine sporting buttons
Operating until this date
HARDING Date(s) Name 1861-1865 Harding & Sons
Address London W
Related Information American Civil War Buttons
HARDMAN & ILLIFFE Date(s) Name 1800’s Hardman & Illiffe
Address Birmingham
Related Information
HARMAN Date(s) Name Harman & Co
Address Calcutta, India
Related Information
Address Halesowen. Birmingham
Related Information
HARRIS Date(s)
Name William Harris
HARRISON & SMITH Date(s) Name Address 1870’s Harrison & Smith Ltd Alma Street, 1875 Birmingham HARVEY Date(s) Name 1800-1803 Joseph Harvey 1815
Joseph Harvey
HAWKES http://www.ukdfd.co.uk/pages/buttonsgtom.html[24.02.2009 02:25:17]
Address 16 Upper Priory, Birmingham Park Street, Birmingham
Related Information
Related Information
Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
Date(s) Name 1788-1796 Thomas Hawkes 1797-1809 Thomas Hawkes 1810-1820 T Hawkes, Mosely & Co 1821-1852 Hawkes, Mosely & Co 1853-1890 Hawkes & Co 1853-1912 Hawkes & Co 1891 Hawkes & Co HEALEY Date(s)
Name James Healey & Son
HEATON Date(s) Name Ralph Heaton
HERBERT Date(s) Name Herbert & Co
Address 17 Piccadilly 24 Piccadilly 22 Piccadilly
Related Information
14 Piccadilly 14 Piccadilly Piccadilly London Saville Row
Address Birmingham
Related Information
Address Sloane Street, Birmingham
Related Information
Address Related Information London & Birmingham Constabulary buttons
HESLOP (See WAGSTAFF & HESLOP) HOBSON Date(s) Name 1837-1877 Hobson & Sons
1878-1883 Hobson & Sons 1884-1886 Hobson & Sons
18871890’s
Hobson Hobson & Sons
HORTON Date(s) Name 1822 Horton & Co 1822 James Horton 1829
William Horton, Sons & Co
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Address Related Information 94 Great Windmill St & 43-44 Artillery Place, Woolwich 37-38 Little Windmill Street & Woolwich 37-38 Little Windmill Street London W 1 3 & 5 Lexington St Active until this date British Army buttons
Address Related Information 59 Carver St. Sheffield 41 Rockingham St. Sheffield Rockingham St. Sheffield
Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
1833 & 1834 1833 & 1834 1852
W Horton, Sons & Sheffield Livery buttons Co James Horton 65 Carver St. Sheffield William & Alfred Horton
HUNWICK Date(s) Name 1853-1855 Hunwick 1853-1855 Elijah Hunwick
Rockingham St. Sheffield Ceased trading? No Horton Co. is listed in the 1852 Whites Directory
Address London St. Martins Le Grand, London
Related Information
HYDE (See WISE) ILLIFFE (See HARDMAN & ILLIFFE) ISAACS Date(s)
Name S Isaacs 1861-1865 S Isaacs Campbell & Co S Isaacs Campbell & Co
Address Related Information London & Birmingham? 71 Jermyn St London American Civil War Buttons St James St
JENNER (Possibly an error reading of JENNENS) JENNENS Date(s) Name 1800-1832 Messrs Jennens & Co 1800-1832 Charles Jennens Early 1800’s – c.1825 1832-1912 1800-1912 Jennens & Co 1820’s1912 1832-1912 Jennens & Co From 1860
1860-1912 Charles Jennens http://www.ukdfd.co.uk/pages/buttonsgtom.html[24.02.2009 02:25:17]
Address
Related Information
London
London
Jennens stamped their buttons with Prince of Wales plume from 1860 Livery buttons
Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
[Prince of WalesPlume] 1912-1924 Jennens & Co
London
[Prince of WalesPlume] 1912-1924 Jennens & Co Ltd
London
[Prince of Wales Plume] 1924
Merged with Messrs Gaunt & Sons in 1924 At this date, J R Gaunt Ltd of London & Birmingham
1970’s
JOHNSON Date(s) Name John Johnson
Address Edinburgh
Related Information
KNOWLES Date(s) Name H Knowles
Address Birmingham
Related Information
LAMBERT Date(s) Name Lambert & Co
Address Related Information London & Birmingham?
KEMP (See SMITH) KIRMIKELL (See CAIRNS)
LEONARD Date(s) Name 1803-1821 1803 William Leonard & Co 1815 Leonard & Co 1816-1820 William Leonard & Son 1821 Leonard & Son
Address Aston Street, Birmingham Aston Street, Birmingham Aston Street, Birmingham Aston Street, Birmingham
LESDAM, BRATT Date(s) Name Address 1800 Lesdam, Bratt & Co
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Related Information Period of operation
Related Information
Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
LITTLEWOOD (See MIDDLETON, LITTLEWOOD) LOTERY Date(s)
Name H Lotery & Co
LUCKOCK Date(s) Name 1787-1835 James Luckock
Address London
Related Information
Address St Paul’s Square, Birmingham
Related Information
LUCOCK (Probably an error reading of LUCKOCK, see above) M L & CO (See MIDDLETON, LITTLEWOOD) MS&JD Date(s) Name 19th C MS&JD MANN Date(s) c.18001843 c.18001843
Address
Related Information Plain gilt buttons
Name Mann
Address Birmingham
Related Information
T Mann
Birmingham
MANTON (See DAIN, WATTS & MANTON and PLANT, GREEN & MANTON) McCLYMONT Date(s) Name Address Circa 20th McClymont Dewar Glasgow C & Co McGOWAN Date(s) Name Early I McGowan 1800’s 1810 I McGowan
Address London
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Related Information Livery buttons
Gerrard Street, London
MERRY, PHIPSON & PARKER Date(s) Name Address 1850-1870 Merry, Phipson & Cherry Street, Parker Birmingham MIDDLETON, LITTLEWOOD Date(s) Name
Related Information
Address
Related Information
Related Information
Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
Circa 18001810 Circa 18001810 MILLS Date(s)
Middleton, Littlewood & Co
Sheffield
M.L. & Co
Sheffield
Name Mills & Co
Address London
Related Information Pewter buttons
Address Birmingham
Related Information
MOORE Date(s) Name Moore Circa 17901825 1790’sI Moore & Co late 1820’s MORTEN & CROWDER Date(s) Name c.1900Morten & Crowder 1925 Ltd
Birmingham
Address Birmingham
Related Information
MOSELY (See HAWKES) Back to top ---[ A to F ] --[ G - H - I - J - K - L - M ]-- [ N to Z ] Bibliography Books Bailey, Gordon - Detector Finds Blair, Dennis G - British Buttons Hughes and Lester - Big Book of Buttons Luscomb, Sally C - The Collector’s Encyclopaedia of Buttons Meredith, A & G & Cuddeford, M - Identifying Buttons Peacock, Primrose - Discovering Old Buttons Read, Brian A - History Beneath Our Feet Squire, Gwen - Buttons, A Guide for Collectors A Dictionary of English Costume The Encyclopaedia of Fashion The Magpie’s Companion Periodicals British Button Society Journal Treasure Hunting Magazine The Searcher
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Button Makers and their backmarks G to M - ukdfd
Internet websites Diana’s Buttons http://www.angelfire.com/wa/dianaspage/DianasButtonsWelcome.html The Oldcopper Website - http://www.oldcopper.org/button_makers.htm UKDFD - http://www.ukdfd.co.uk UKDN - http://www.forumukdetectornet.co.uk/phpBB2/portal.php Back to top ---[ A to F ] --[ G - H - I - J - K - L - M ]-- [ N to Z ] UKDFD Copright 2005 Version 2005.06.13
[email protected]
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