Bioethanol

BIO ETHANOL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL Presented By : Shivani Raina

CONTENTS Why considering Bio Fuels History of Bio Fuels What is Bio Ethanol Bio Ethanol Production Benefits of Bio Ethanol Demerits of Bio Ethanol Future of Bio Ethanol Conclusion

Why considering Biofuels? REASON #1

Why considering Biofuels? REASON #2

Why considering Biofuels? REASON #3

Why considering Biofuels? REASON #4 RISK: Oil vs. Hydrogen vs. Ethanol Oil

Hydrogen

Biofuels

Energy Security Risk

High

Low

Low

Cost per Mile

Med

Med-High

Low

Infrastructure Cost

Very Low

Very High

Low

Technology Risk

Very Low

Very High

Med

Environmental Cost

Very High

Med-Low

Low

Implementation Risk

Very Low

Very High

Low

Interest Group Opposition

Very High

High

Low

Political Difficulty

?

High

Low

Time to Impact

-

Very high

Low

Why Bioethanol as an alternative fuel? REASON #5

History of Bioethanol

When Henry Ford first designed his Model T, he intended it to run on ethanol derived from corn. It was only later that the economics of producing petrol from oil made it a more attractive proposition. Nowadays with the price of crude oil hovering around $50 a barrel, increasing concern for the environment, and the very real possibility that exploitable oil reserves will come to an end, Bioethanol is back on the menu. In fact, you may already be filling your car with a Petrol/Bioethanol mix without even knowing it.

What is Bioethanol The principle fuel used as a petrol substitute for road transport vehicles is Bioethanol. Bioethanol fuel is mainly produced by the sugar fermentation process, although it can also be manufactured by the chemical process of reacting Ethylene with steam.

BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION Ethanol can be produced from biomass by the hydrolysis and sugar fermentation processes. In order to produce sugars from the biomass, the biomass is pre-treated with acids or enzymes in order to reduce the size of the feedstock and to open up the plant structure There are three principle methods of extracting sugars from biomass. These are concentrated acid hydrolysis, dilute acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis.

BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION Sugar Fermentation Process The hydrolysis process breaks down the cellulostic part of the Biomass or corn into sugar solutions that can then be fermented into ethanol. Yeast is added to the solution, which is then heated. The yeast contains an enzyme called invertase, which acts as a catalyst and helps to convert the sucrose sugars into glucose and fructose (both C6H12 O6). The chemical reaction is shown below: C12H22O11 + H2O

C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

The fructose and glucose sugars then react with another enzyme called zymase, which is also contained in the yeast to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. The chemical reaction is shown below: C6H12O6

2C2H5OH

+ 2CO2

BENEFITS OF USING BIOETHANOL

1. When we look at the whole life cycle of production it produces up to 70% less carbon emissions than conventional fuel. Therefore, using Bioethanol in all our cars could reduce carbon emissions 2. The benefit over fossil fuels is the very less greenhouse gas emissions 3. By encouraging Bioethanol`s use, the rural economy would also

receive a boost from growing the necessary crops. 4. Bioethanol is also biodegradable and far less toxic that fossil fuels. 5. Another advantage of Bioethanol is the ease with which it can be easily

integrated into the existing road transport fuel system. 6. Using Bioethanol will help extend the life of the India's diminishing oil

supplies and ensure greater fuel security, avoiding heavy reliance on oil producing nations.

DEMERITS OF USING BIOETHANOL Major Challenge –Food V/s Fuel Not so Efficient For similar required energies, pure ethanol requires to be burnt for longer periods of time than regular petrol and therefore more fuelling facilities will need to be required if ethanol were to be used. Large areas of land is required in order to produce significant volumes of bio ethanol. Lengthy growing period and High water requirement.

FUTURE OF BIOETHANOL 1. Currently only processed from sugars 2. Aim is to convert all biomass to ethanol 3. Will help to cope up with the demand of fuel in future

CONCLUSION 1. Fossil fuel won’t last! Biofuels are here to stay – get used to it! 2. INDIA has potential to play in the Biofuels arena.

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