Biochem Glucneogenesis 01

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Decreased levels of fructose 2,6-blsphosphate decreases the inhibition of FBP-1, which leads to an increased rate of gluconeogenesis.

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"f) .!Increased",ro"'n:kin••',~1 " i activity favors thephoi-;:;;:

High glucagon/insulin ratio causes elevated cAMP and increased levels of active protein kinase A.

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Glycolysis

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f Gluconeogenesis

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Gtueose gJocokinase (high K m )

glucose 6-phosphatase

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an..cose S-;hospltate

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Fructose 6-phosphate phosphofr!Jctokinase-1

fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase

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jUlatil:U!I 0,1 EAZ /mes of GI

~ G1lC.'lIytic; En;ymes~ ~ by F-f,6-P by AT~ alanIne by phosphor;y\16oo

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protein ~8I.A)

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ED '" f ..2t6-~ AMP

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C02 is activ.ated and transferreo to pyruvate by pyruvate carboxylase pro,q~cing Q~aloacetate.

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Fig. 27.6. Key r~actions of gluco~eogenesis.The. precurso:s' are amino acids' (particu larly ala. nine)~ lactate, .and 'glycerol. Heavy arrows indicate steps that differ from those of glycolysis. . j:""

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Reactions of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Bypass III

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Substrates for gluconeogenesis

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