Bio Process Engg
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Biological Engineering Application of science, engineering and technology to solve problems in biological systems (including medicine).
Economy of scale: correlation between achievable product concentration and selling price for common fermentation products.
Designing new-generation bioprocesses increasingly depend on engineering process-compatible microorganisms. The latter, whether through genetic or physiological manipulations, can be greatly assisted by metabolic engineering. To achieve these goals, more fundamental knowledge is needed about metabolic pathways, control mechanisms and process dynamics to optimally design integrated systems. This knowledge will enable industry to select the right biocatalyst in clean fermentation processes, as well as introduce and express new or improved properties of the biocatalyst via genetic engineering to facilitate and/or improve downstream processing.
Examples of Bioprocesses 1: Penicillin 2: Sorona 3: Biological Effluent Treatment
Penicillin history • 1928 Fleming noticed contaminant on S. aureus plate. • Contaminating foreign particle was Penicillium notatum • Fleming extracted secreted material with strong antimicrobial properties • WWII great need for antimicrobial-USA (Merck, Pfizer etc.) Attempted to synthesize compound chemically • Began to develop fermentation process (stirring, sterile air supply, tank design, heat transfer, product purification) • Required scientists and engineers to work together
Various lactic acid acidification technologies are aimed at eliminating salt byproduct formation.
How to pick the best bioreactor options for your application.
• A handful of basic bioreactor designs is used to produce a wide range of products, from antibiotics to foods to fuels. • Continuous vs. batch • Semi continuous • Submerged bioreactors — stirred tank, • Airlift external-loop reactors • Anaerobic bioreactions
A tray bioreactor is loaded with the culture medium and organisms, then airflow is started to initiate the reaction.
Stirred-tank bioreactor • uses baffles and an agitator for optimal mixing, and recycles biomass.
concentric draught-tube bioreactor • The simple design of a concentric draught-tube bioreactor with annular liquid downflow results in less maintenance
An airlift external-loop reactor • has induced circulation that directs air/liquid throughout vessel.
A trickle-bed employs • adhered, immobilized cells / enzymes to accomplish a reaction.
Immobilized enzyme technology • With the enzyme immobilized in a bed or tube, the solution of substrate for conversion is then passed through for conversion to product. • The product is continuously collected as effluent • from the bioreactor. The design and operation of an immobilized system is similar to that of processes employing heterogeneous catalysis. Heterogeneous systems enable product recovery at lower separation costs than do corresponding homogeneous systems.
High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). • Glucose isomerization to fructose is a well-established, high-volume commercial process for the production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). • Technologies using immobilized glucose isomerase in fixed-bed and fluidized bioreactor continue to be developed.
Economy of scale: correlation between achievable product concentration and selling price for common fermentation products.
Designing new-generation bioprocesses increasingly depend on engineering process-compatible microorganisms. The latter, whether through genetic or physiological manipulations, can be greatly assisted by metabolic engineering. To achieve these goals, more fundamental knowledge is needed about metabolic pathways, control mechanisms and process dynamics to optimally design integrated systems. This knowledge will enable industry to select the right biocatalyst in clean fermentation processes, as well as introduce and express new or improved properties of the biocatalyst via genetic engineering to facilitate and/or improve downstream processing.
Examples of Bioprocesses 1: Penicillin 2: Sorona 3: Biological Effluent Treatment
Penicillin history • 1928 Fleming noticed contaminant on S. aureus plate. • Contaminating foreign particle was Penicillium notatum • Fleming extracted secreted material with strong antimicrobial properties • WWII great need for antimicrobial-USA (Merck, Pfizer etc.) Attempted to synthesize compound chemically • Began to develop fermentation process (stirring, sterile air supply, tank design, heat transfer, product purification) • Required scientists and engineers to work together
Various lactic acid acidification technologies are aimed at eliminating salt byproduct formation.
How to pick the best bioreactor options for your application.
• A handful of basic bioreactor designs is used to produce a wide range of products, from antibiotics to foods to fuels. • Continuous vs. batch • Semi continuous • Submerged bioreactors — stirred tank, • Airlift external-loop reactors • Anaerobic bioreactions
A tray bioreactor is loaded with the culture medium and organisms, then airflow is started to initiate the reaction.
Stirred-tank bioreactor • uses baffles and an agitator for optimal mixing, and recycles biomass.
concentric draught-tube bioreactor • The simple design of a concentric draught-tube bioreactor with annular liquid downflow results in less maintenance
An airlift external-loop reactor • has induced circulation that directs air/liquid throughout vessel.
A trickle-bed employs • adhered, immobilized cells / enzymes to accomplish a reaction.
Immobilized enzyme technology • With the enzyme immobilized in a bed or tube, the solution of substrate for conversion is then passed through for conversion to product. • The product is continuously collected as effluent • from the bioreactor. The design and operation of an immobilized system is similar to that of processes employing heterogeneous catalysis. Heterogeneous systems enable product recovery at lower separation costs than do corresponding homogeneous systems.
High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). • Glucose isomerization to fructose is a well-established, high-volume commercial process for the production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). • Technologies using immobilized glucose isomerase in fixed-bed and fluidized bioreactor continue to be developed.
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