Bio

SOURCE Agricultural run-off and waste from oil palm and rubber processing mills.

Underground pipe

EFFECT

SOLUTIONS

• Excess nitrates and phosphate lead to eutrophication.

• Control the use of fertilisers

• Accumulation of perticides and herbicides may have toxic effects on organisms in the water or human if the water is use as drinking water.

• Use biodegradable pesticides • Use alternative method such as biological pest control.

• Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal which can accumulate in the tissues of living organisms.

• Replaces lead pipes used in plumbing with copper-based pipes.

Untreated sewageconsisting mainly of human faeces and domestic waste. • Animal waste from farms.

Effluent from industries

• Reduced light penetration.

• Treat sewage before it enter rivers.

• If the water used for drinking without adequate treatment, it may cause cholera.

• Drink properly treated and boiled water.

• Highly toxic and accumulates in the organisms via food chains. • Mercury can cause acute nervous disorder in human.

• Treats effluents before discharge into water sources. • Taking legal action against illegal dumping of toxic wastes.

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The use of water as a coolant, especially in power plants, power stations and industrial process.

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Water used as a cooling agent is returned to the lakes and rivers at a higher temperature.

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The excess heat that is released into the environment leads to thermal pollution.

Increasing in water temperature can alter aquatic organism by :  Decreasing oxygen supply.  Killing juveniles which are vulnerable to small increasing in temperature.  Affecting ecosystem composition.

Control the amount of hot water discharge from industrial plants and power stations into the surrounding lakes and rivers.

Control the amount of hot water or industrial effluents discharge into still or slow moving rivers.

EXAMPLE OF WATER AND THERMAL POLLUTION