Bicycle 2.docx

Group Members: 1. Phùng Hoàng Yến

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2. Hỷ Thúy Vân

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3. Trần Châu Kim Long

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4. Lê Thị Thu Trâm

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Topic: The bicycle - The future means of transportation A. Introduction Good morning everyone! My name is Hoang Yen. Today I will represent my group to cover a presentation of students coming from “Posts & Telecommunications Institute of Technology.” Our topic is “The bicycle - The future means of transportation”. To help you understand clearly about this topic, we will focus on three main points below: 1. The history of the bicycle 2. Bicycle in the future 3. The benefits of cycling to work B. Body _ First, let’s begin with part 1:”History of the bicycle”. + Look at the picture on the screen, we all recognize that bicycles have been the means of transportation of many people around the world for a long time. Actually, bicycles were said to have been invented in 1790 with the name “Célérifère”. In English, it means “fast”. This bicycle was made of wood and had no pedal or handle-bar. Nowadays, many technicians assumed that there were no Célérifère bicycles in the past and all of the pictures of these bikes were untrue because it can’t run in the real life. +Until 1817, Drais - a German invented a bicycle named Draisence (mean Drais’s bike). It was known as the ancestors of the bicycles which was exhibited in Mannheim, 1817 and in Paris, 1818. However, the most disadvantage and inconvenience of this bike was lack of pedals. That meant the drivers had to use their legs to push the bike moving ahead. + In 1860s, the idea installing pedals in the front wheel belonged to Emest and Pierre. The Velocipede bikes were made of wood and iron. Although having pedals, it was still very hard to use because of the high seat as well as its badly weight distribution.

+In 1870s, this was the appearance of the high - wheeler bike. However, I think it is not a good invention if….. (the next slide). You know what I mean!!! +In 1885, the safety bike which was quite similar to our bikes nowadays was manufactured by Starley & Sutton. Please pay attention to the description of this bike on the screen: “Safer than any Tricycle, faster and easier than any bicycle ever made. Fitted with handles to turn for convenience in storing or shipping. Far and away the best hill - climber in the market.” + Now we will see some pictures of modern bicycles nowadays. Generally speaking, the improvement of bicycle through many decades is very clear and fast. Bicycles are now as attractive and luxurious as motorbikes. _ I have just finished presenting the history of bicycle. Now we will move to part 2: “Bicycle in the future”

+Look at this picture, what do we see? A beer standing on a small block of ice. Means what? It means the ice is melting and the water level is getting higher. It is the evidence that the Earth is becoming hotter and hotter due to the greenhouse effect. What causes the green house effect? Is it pollution? And one of the main factors leading to pollution is that people abuse using too many vehicles run by oil, petrol, gases… and eliminate thousand tons of smoke every day. +The next picture, this is an overweight man next to a small bulldozer. The contradict of the two subjects shows that man nowadays is very lazy in doing exercises, they just depend on the automatic machines. + Another picture: Do you know PAC-MAN game? I think all of us used to play it at least once when you were a child. Right? In the picture the front wheel is drawn as a PAC-MAN which is eating cars and exhausted smoke. The message of this picture is to encourage people reduce the use of cars or motorbike but use bicycles more in the future - a friendly friend of our environment instead. That can help to protect our environment from being polluted. The last station of our presentation today is to display the benefits of cycling to work: Finally, I will talk to you about the benefits of cycling to work. We will mention about three main points here. The first one that is cycling to work can help us become fitter, healthier and happier. Cycling on average burns as many calories as jogging, with considerably fewer negative impacts on the joints. Cycling improves cardio-vascular and aerobic fitness, lowers blood pressure, boosts energy, builds muscle, and improves coordination. Also, cycling to work

makes you feel happier. While most people would not identify sitting in traffic, navigating a congested city, or riding crowded public transit as activities that calm them down or make them happy, cycling to work can actually transform your daily commute into a moderate form of therapy. Numerous studies have shown that daily exercise can reduce stress, alleviate symptoms of depression, improve sleep patterns for individuals with insomnia, and reduce anxiety. Furthermore, exercising outdoors – both in urban and rural contexts – has been proven to boost self-confidence and improve overall mood. Next move to the second point that is cycling can create more fresh air. A bicycle’s life-cycle energy use including manufacturing and maintenance over a 15-year period is 60 kilojoules per Passenger Mile Traveled, the life-cycle energy use for a standard sedan clocks in at a whopping 4027 kilojoules/ PMT. That’s some serious energy savings with a seriously simple change. The last one that is cycling to work can reduce the costs. Biking to work saves you money. In 2015, the average American household is forecast to spend $1,962 on gasoline and motor oil. Shockingly, that would be the lowest average fuel expenditure in the US since 2009! Add on vehicle maintenance, the occasional repair, insurance, and the skyrocketing cost of parking, and you have an average yearly cost of $9,000 USD just to own a standard sedan in America. Conversely, a brand new commuter bike retails at anywhere from $250-$1,500 USD depending on the brand, style, and components you’re after, with an average yearly maintenance cost of around $50 USD. C. Conclusion: _ In conclusion, we cannot deny that the environment is being polluted seriously day by day. Therefore, we should raise our awareness and use bicycles as our transportation in daily life.