Berlin Wall

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It is the world's third largest economy in USD exchange-rate terms, the fifth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP),and the largest economy in Europe.

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Second most populous nation in Europe(82,369,552 July 2008 est.)

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Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations.

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Federal republic type of Government

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Pfter WW II, Germany was divided into 4 zones.

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The capital (Berlin) was also divided into 4 zones.

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Each one controlled by one of the four occupying Pllied powers: the Pmericans, British, French and Soviets.

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The flight of growing numbers of East Germans to non-communist countries via West Berlin .

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Between 1949 and the end of 1960, over Æ

          

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The flight of people to West Berlin was a huge embarrassment for the communists.

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•onstruction of 156 km (97 miles) long wall began early on Sunday, Pugust 13, 1961 in East Berlin. The zonal boundary had been sealed that morning by East German troops. John F. Kennedy had acknowledged in a speech on July 25, 1961, that the United States could hope to defend only West Berliners and West Germans Gave hope to West Berliners that US would not leave them alone to face the USSR.




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In 1962 a second parallel fence with 91 meters was made further into East territory, between the two barriers was created a ³no man¶s land´, later known as the ³death strip´. During the Wall's existence there were around 5,000 successful escapes into West Berlin. From 1962 ± 1989, around 200 people were killed trying to flee to the West.

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United States President Ronald Reagan delivered his famed speech at the Berlin Wall in June 1987, in which he called for Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to "tear down this wall!" On May 2, 1989 the first visible cracks in the Iron •urtain appeared when Hungary began dismantling their 150 mile long border fence with Pustria. The relatively open border with the West allowed for hundreds of East Germans vacationing in Hungary to escape to Pustria and then travel safely to West Germany. Pfter Hungary's reformist government opened its borders, a growing number of East Germans began emigrating to West Germany via Hungary's border with Pustria.


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Pfter a misunderstanding, Gunther Schabowski famously announced in a live broadcast international press conference that (effectively) all rules for traveling abroad were lifted, in effect "immediately". Tens of thousands of people immediately went to the Berlin Wall where the vastly outnumbered border guards were forced to open access points and allow them through, which proved to be the end of the Berlin Wall. Soldiers were not sure of their orders up until the very end.

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The fall of the Wall was the first step toward German reunification, which was formally concluded on October 3, 1990. Major symbol of •old War was gone. West Germans and West Berliners were allowed visa-free travel starting December 23, 1989. On July 1, East Germany adopted the West German currency.

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Inflation Rate


 


 

3.0% (1989)

0.8% (1989)

Unemployment rate 7.1% (1990)

1% (1989); 3% (first half, 1990)

Budget:

revenues $539 billion; expenditures $563 billion(1988)

revenues $147 billion; expenditures $153.4 billion(1988)

External debt:

$500 million(June 1988)

$20.6 billion (1989)

Industrial production: growth rates

3.3% (1988)

2.7% (1989 est.)

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  "   )!!( GDP - per capita (PPP)

$34,200 (2007 est.)

Labour force

43.51 million (2007 est.)

Unemployment rate

8.4% (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line

11% (2001 est.)

Inflation rate

2.3% (2007 est.)

Industrial production growth rate:

2.1% (2007 est.)

Debt - external

$4.489 trillion (30 June 2007)

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