Behaviourist Theories
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Behaviourist Theories as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 607
- Pages: 16
Behaviourist Theories GROUP 2 Jaspreet Singh Nandre (20) Pooja Senapati (30) Surjya Das (55) Ravenshaw Management Centre
What is Behaviourism
Behaviour are acquired as a result of conditioning Behaviour can be researched scientifically without recourse to inner mental state Association or reinforcement – Primary pre requisites of Behaviourism Only overt observable Behaviour are studied and inner state of mind is not taken into account. Behaviour focuses on a new Behaviour pattern being repeated until it becomes automatic.
Purpose of Behaviourism
Behaviours should be observed in a more objective manner To promote desirable Behaviours and discourage undesirable Behaviours To treat hordes of mental problems present in adults and children
What is Behaviourist Theory
“Behaviourist theories of learning are scientific and demonstrable explanations for simple Behaviours” -Lefrancois (1988)
Different Behaviourist Theories
Ivan Pavlov (Classical Conditioning) Edward Thorndike B.F. Skinner (Operant Conditioning) John B. Watson
Pavlov (1849-1936)
The Russian physiologist is best known for his work in classical conditioning or stimulus substitution. Pavlov’s most famous experiment involved food, a dog and a bell.
Stimulus and Response Items of Pavlov's Experiment
Food Unconditioned Stimulus Salivation Unconditioned Response Bell Conditioned Stimulus Salivation Conditioned Response
Other Observations Made by Pavlov Stimulus
Generalization. Extinction. Spontaneous Recovery. Discrimination. Higher-Order Conditioning.
Thorndike(1874-1949)
Thorndike believed that a neural bond would be established between the stimulus and response when the response was positive.
His theory, connectionism, stated that “learning was the formation of a connection between stimulus and response.”
Connectionism The ‘law of effect’ When a connection between a stimulus and a response is positively or negatively rewarded it will be strengthened The ‘law of exercise’
The more an S-R(stimulus-response) bond is practiced the stronger it will become This law had to be updated when Thorndike found that practice without feedback does not necessarily enhance performance.
Behaviourist Theories Of Watson • •
•
• •
Learning is a process for enduring change in the organism Behaviour. John B. Watson was the first American psychologist, involved in the study of human Behaviour. Watson’s emotional reaction of love and rage and other stimulus response associating with conditioning. Watson experiment on a young child and a white rat And the result shown fear was more powerful then it was
Contd.
This may explain certain fears, phobias and prejudices that people develop. Our attitude and emotions are classical conditioning. Association between a fear-provoking stimulus and neutral stimulus brings changes in Behaviour pattern. Principle can used in industries and org. The positive attitude and emotional are developed towards the objects and events.
Behaviourist Theories Of Skinner
Skinner – stimulus response pattern Behaviour. Of conditioned Behaviour Discarded philosophical and mentalist concept He experimented on a hungry rat His theory dealt with changes in observable Behaviour, ignoring the possibility of any processes occurring in the mind. observation of Behaviour is formed on the basic of contingency between response and outcome.
Contd. If the Behaviour. Is followed by rewarding condition, it would be strengthened. If the Behaviour. Is followed by annoying, it would be weakness. Lower the latency, stronger is the learning. As if the response is well-learned, its extinction is slow.
Classical Conditioning - Pavlov Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response (food)
Operant Conditioning - Skinner Response (press lever)
Stimulus (reward and food)
(salivation) TIME
Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response (food)
(salivation)
Conditioned Stimulus (bell) Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned response (bell)
(salivation)
Conditioned response Conditioned stimulus (press lever) (reward and food)
What is Behaviourism
Behaviour are acquired as a result of conditioning Behaviour can be researched scientifically without recourse to inner mental state Association or reinforcement – Primary pre requisites of Behaviourism Only overt observable Behaviour are studied and inner state of mind is not taken into account. Behaviour focuses on a new Behaviour pattern being repeated until it becomes automatic.
Purpose of Behaviourism
Behaviours should be observed in a more objective manner To promote desirable Behaviours and discourage undesirable Behaviours To treat hordes of mental problems present in adults and children
What is Behaviourist Theory
“Behaviourist theories of learning are scientific and demonstrable explanations for simple Behaviours” -Lefrancois (1988)
Different Behaviourist Theories
Ivan Pavlov (Classical Conditioning) Edward Thorndike B.F. Skinner (Operant Conditioning) John B. Watson
Pavlov (1849-1936)
The Russian physiologist is best known for his work in classical conditioning or stimulus substitution. Pavlov’s most famous experiment involved food, a dog and a bell.
Stimulus and Response Items of Pavlov's Experiment
Food Unconditioned Stimulus Salivation Unconditioned Response Bell Conditioned Stimulus Salivation Conditioned Response
Other Observations Made by Pavlov Stimulus
Generalization. Extinction. Spontaneous Recovery. Discrimination. Higher-Order Conditioning.
Thorndike(1874-1949)
Thorndike believed that a neural bond would be established between the stimulus and response when the response was positive.
His theory, connectionism, stated that “learning was the formation of a connection between stimulus and response.”
Connectionism The ‘law of effect’ When a connection between a stimulus and a response is positively or negatively rewarded it will be strengthened The ‘law of exercise’
The more an S-R(stimulus-response) bond is practiced the stronger it will become This law had to be updated when Thorndike found that practice without feedback does not necessarily enhance performance.
Behaviourist Theories Of Watson • •
•
• •
Learning is a process for enduring change in the organism Behaviour. John B. Watson was the first American psychologist, involved in the study of human Behaviour. Watson’s emotional reaction of love and rage and other stimulus response associating with conditioning. Watson experiment on a young child and a white rat And the result shown fear was more powerful then it was
Contd.
This may explain certain fears, phobias and prejudices that people develop. Our attitude and emotions are classical conditioning. Association between a fear-provoking stimulus and neutral stimulus brings changes in Behaviour pattern. Principle can used in industries and org. The positive attitude and emotional are developed towards the objects and events.
Behaviourist Theories Of Skinner
Skinner – stimulus response pattern Behaviour. Of conditioned Behaviour Discarded philosophical and mentalist concept He experimented on a hungry rat His theory dealt with changes in observable Behaviour, ignoring the possibility of any processes occurring in the mind. observation of Behaviour is formed on the basic of contingency between response and outcome.
Contd. If the Behaviour. Is followed by rewarding condition, it would be strengthened. If the Behaviour. Is followed by annoying, it would be weakness. Lower the latency, stronger is the learning. As if the response is well-learned, its extinction is slow.
Classical Conditioning - Pavlov Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response (food)
Operant Conditioning - Skinner Response (press lever)
Stimulus (reward and food)
(salivation) TIME
Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response (food)
(salivation)
Conditioned Stimulus (bell) Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned response (bell)
(salivation)
Conditioned response Conditioned stimulus (press lever) (reward and food)
Related Documents
Behaviourist Theories
June 2020 7
Theories
November 2019 42
Theories
November 2019 41
Theories
May 2020 23
Behaviourist Theory Of Learning
June 2020 7
Motivation Theories
November 2019 9More Documents from "api-3822959"
Behaviourist Theories
June 2020 7
