Bangla Brief On Claimate Change

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¯^v¯’¨ ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z cÖZ¨¶ Ges AcÖZ¨¶ `y-iK‡gi cÖfveB co‡e| cÖZ¨¶ cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ g„Zz¨nvi e„w×, AcÖZ¨¶ cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †f±i-m„ó †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve Ges cywónxbZv e„w×| Pigfvevcvbœ Rjevqy-RwbZ NUbvi d‡j msµvgK †ivM evo‡Z cv‡i, G‡Z e¨vcK cÖvYnvwbi AvksKvI i‡q‡Q, ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq e¨vNvZ NUv‡Z cv‡i Ges gvbyl ¯’vbvš—‡i eva¨ n‡Z cv‡i| K. †Quvqv‡P †ivM Ges g„Zz¨ Rjevqyi Pigfvevcbœ Ae¯’vi mv‡_ †Quvqv‡P †ivM Ges g„Zz¨i cÖvqB †hvMm~Î _v‡K| `wi`ª †jv‡Kiv G ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZi mnR wkKv‡i cwiYZ nq, †Kbbv wb‡R‡`i i¶v Kivi g‡Zv h‡_ó m¶gZv Zv‡`i †bB | o nvwi‡Kb wg‡Pi (1999) ci †h eb¨v nq Zvici ¸‡q‡Zgvjvq cuvP¸Y Ges wbKviv¸qvq 6 ¸Y †e‡o hvq K‡jivi cÖvej¨| o †g 2000 mv‡j Mig cÖev‡n `w¶Y fvi‡Z 1000 †jvK gviv hvq hv‡`i AwaKvskB nq RbvKxY© GjvKvq emevm KiZ A_ev iv¯—vq emevmiZ kªwgK‡kªYxi †jvK| o evsjv‡`‡k MZ 70 eQi a‡i B-1 wb‡bv-RwbZ eb¨vi cÖvej¨ †e‡o hvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ K‡jiv †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve NU‡Q| o AwZwi³ e„wócvZ Mevw` cïi we‡kl ai‡bi †ivM m„wó Ki‡Q| L. ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq AcÖ‡ekMg¨Zv AvenvIqvi weiƒcZv Z_v eb¨v Ges S‡ov nvIqvi d‡j AeKvVv‡gv Ges cwienb-e¨e¯’v ¶wZMÖ¯’ nIqvq ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq weNœ N‡U| o 1997-1998 mv‡ji B-1 wb‡bv-RwbZ eb¨v Ges nvwi‡K‡b BKz‡qWi Ges †ci“‡Z 34wU nvmcvZvj Ges 485wU ¯^v¯’¨‡K›`ª gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq, A_P ¯^v¯’¨‡mev jv‡fi Rb¨ GB †K›`ª¸‡jvB wQj H GjvKvi †jvK‡`i GKgvÎ fimv| o †gvRvw¤^‡Ki 1999 mv‡ji eb¨vq moK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v e¨vcKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq hvi g~j¨gvb 16 8

wgwjqb Wjvi| hw`I †h‡Kvb `y‡hv©‡Mi ciciB ¯^v¯’¨‡mev LyeB Riƒix n‡q c‡o, wKš‘ `yM©Z GjvKvq Ri“ix c_¨ †cuŠQv‡bv Ges ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cybt¯’vcb `yiƒn n‡q c‡o| M. ¯’vbvš—i weiƒc `y‡h©v‡Mi d‡j RbmvaviY ev¯‘Pz¨Z n‡q c‡o, AcÖZzj RvqMvq Avkªq †bq Ges cywó-¯^íZvq †fv‡M| kiYv_x© wkwei¸‡jv‡Z RbeûjZv Ges wbivc` cwi‡e‡ki Afv‡e h²v Ges g¨v‡jwiqvi g‡Zv †iv‡Mi msµgY NU‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q|

Rjevqyi †gvo / w`K-cwieZ©b (climate shifts) `kK a‡i Rjevqyi cwieZ©bkxjZvq Rwgi e¨env‡i cwieZ©b N‡U Ges †jvKRb ¯’vbvš—‡i (gvB‡MÖkb) eva¨ nq| Rwgi cwiKwíZ e¨envi cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ eRvq iv‡L hvi d‡j wKQy †ivM-e¨vwa wbqš¿‡Yi g‡a¨ _v‡K| c¶vš—‡i, gvB‡MÖk‡bi d‡j wKQy †ivM-e¨vwa (†hgbGBPAvBwf/ GBWm) Qwo‡q covi AvksKv _v‡K|

cwiewZ©Z Rjevqyi mv‡_ Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi A¶gZv:

Lvc

LvIqv‡Z

wb‡æv³ Kvi‡Y Rjevqy ¯^v¯’¨LvZ‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i: • `wi`ª Rbmvavi‡Yi wecbœZv • ûgwK Z_v Rjevqy cwieZ©b-RwbZ ûgwK †gvKv‡ejvq cwiKíbvi Afve • cÖ¯‘wZ Ges cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Y Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi A¶gZv

`wi`ª Rbmvavi‡Yi wecbœZv weï× cvwbi Afve, Awbivc` †kŠP-e¨e¯’v, Nb-emwZ Z_v RbeûjZv Ges gvbe I cïm¤ú‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi AcªZzjZv Mixe Rbmvavi‡Yi ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci Rjevqyi cÖfv‡e †gŠj Kvi‡Yi Ab¨Zg| Px‡bi `yBwU eb¨v-cieZx© cwiw¯’wZi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡jB welqwU cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e| 1954 mv‡j eb¨vq †hLv‡b 90 kZvsk g„Zz¨ N‡UwQj msµgYkxj †iv‡M (wW‡mw›Uª, UvBd‡qW Ges K‡jiv), †mLv‡b cvwb Ges cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi DbœwZi d‡j 1998 mv‡ji eb¨vq G-iKg †Kv‡bv gnvgvwii NUbv N‡Uwb| 9

cwiKíbvi Afve cvwb Ges Lv`¨ wbivcËv †h ïay cÖvßZv Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq Zv bq eis ivR‰bwZK Ges cÖvwZôvwbK wm×vš— ØvivI wbqwš¿Z nq| cwiKíbvq A‡bK mgqB Rjevqyi ˆewPΨ Ges `wi`ª‡`i Dci Zvi cÖfve‡K we‡ePbvq Avbv nq bv| Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi cwiKíbv c×wZ (GgbwK `vwi`ª we‡gvPb †KŠkjcÎ) ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Zi Dci Rjevqyi cÖfve‡K we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|

cÖ¯‘wZ Ges cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’vi AcÖZzjZv cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ Ges cÖwZKvi bv-_vKvi Kvi‡Y Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Zi Dci Rjevqyi ¶wZKi cÖfv‡ei ûgwKi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h, g¨v‡jwiqv †mBme †`‡ki Rb¨ eo mgm¨v bv †hLv‡b miKvwi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev e¨e¯’v cwi‡e‡ki Dci wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †ivM Dck‡gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges RbMY e¨w³MZfv‡eI wbivcËvg~jK e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ Ges cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ Z_¨vw`I AZ¨š — ¸iƒZ¡c~Y© hv‡Z SuzwK Kgv‡bv hvq Ges mZKx©KiY e¨e¯’v Pvjy _v‡K| Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Zv cÖvqB Abycw¯’Z _v‡K|

`xN©‡gqv`x Rjevqy cwieZ©b: Rjevqy cwieZ©b ïay c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv e„w× Ki‡e bv, Zv cwieZ©b Ki‡e Rjevqy-Av”Qv`b, FZz‰ewPΨ, Avš— tevwl©K ˆewPΨ Ges Pig `y‡h©v‡Mi msL¨v Ges ZxeªZv| wb‡gœv³ cwieZ©b hv Mixe‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ Ges cïm¤ú‡`i Dci ¶wZKi cÖfve †dj‡e: o cÖejZi Lv`¨vfve o `xN©Zi cvwb-¯^íZv o cvwb-evwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve o bZzb GjvKvq †f±i-evwnZ †iv‡Mi msµgY AvksKv Kiv n‡”Q, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j AwZwi³ 1 wewjqb †jv‡Ki †W½y‡Z Avµvš— nIqvi AvksKv i‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz †W½yi GL‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡laK Avwe®K…Z nqwb, ZvB kû‡i ew¯— GjvKvi Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci Zv weiƒc cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i| 10

o evqy-evwnZ †iv‡Mi msµgY o Zvc-k‡Ki ZxeªZv o Mevw` cïi †ivMevjvB

11

Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve: cwieZ©‡bi m~PK Rjevqy, cwieZ©bkxjZv , Pig NUbv Ges mgy`ª-c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×

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µgea©gvb ZvcgvÎv Ges e„wócv‡Zi cwigv‡Y cwieZ©b K…wlR Ges cÖvK„wZK m¤ú‡`i NvUwZ m„wó Ki‡e e„wócv‡Zi cwigv‡Y cwieZ©b, wbt‡kwlZ nIqv Ges wewfbœZv cvwbcÖvw߇K `yiƒn K‡i Zzj‡e µgea©gvb Pigfvevcbœ Rjevqyi cÖvej¨ (eb¨v Ges mvB‡K¬vb )

ZvcgvÎv, cvwb Ges Lv`¨vf¨v‡m cwieZ©‡bi `i“Y cwi‡e‡ki Dci weiƒc cÖfve

Rjevqy cwieZ ©‡bi cÖfve



Lv`¨ NvUwZ

¯^v‡¯’¨i cÖfve

Dci

wkï‡`i IRb n«v‡mi cÖvej¨

cvbxq R‡ji Afve

eb¨v Ges ¯’vbvš —‡i eva¨ nIqvi Kvi‡Y cvwbevwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve †f±i-evwnZ †ivMe¨vwai goK a~jv-evwji ¯’vbvš—‡ii Kvi‡Y evqy-evwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖvej¨ Zxeª Mi‡g ew¯— evmx‡`i †ivMe¨vwa

b~¨bZ‡gi †P‡q Kg Lv`¨MªnYKvix †jv‡Ki msL¨v e„w× cvwbk~b¨Zv Ges cvwb msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ mgq e¨q Ki‡Z wM‡q wecbœZv e„w× ¯^v¯’¨ Ges Ab¨vb¨ †mev jv‡fi †¶Î msKywPZ PigfvevcbœZvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †ivM-evjvB‡qi (†hgb-h²v ) cÖv`yf©ve Mixe cwiev‡i we‡kl K‡i wkï‡`i gv‡S msµvgK †iv‡Mi we¯—vi wkï I beRvZ‡Ki g„Zz¨i nvi e„w× bZyb bZzb RvqMvq †f±i-evwnZ †iv‡Mi msµgY (g¨v‡jwiqv Ges †W½yi

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cÖv`yf©ve) evqy-evwnZ †iv‡Mi (†hgbg¨vwbbRvBwUm) we¯—vi

cvwb cvwb-¯^íZv †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i mviv Gwkqv Ry‡o| hvi weiƒc cÖfve co‡e †m‡P, my‡cq cvwb mieiv‡n Ges Rjwe`y¨r Drcv`‡b|

ev¯‘Pz¨wZ mvM‡ii cvwbi D”PZv e„w×i d‡j bxPy eØxc Ges DcK~jxq A‡ji RbRxeb ûgwKi gy‡L co‡e| mvM‡ii cvwbi D”PZv 1 wgUvi e„w× n‡j evsjv‡`k, fviZ Ges B‡›`v‡bwkqvi 24 wgwjqb †jvK ev¯‘wfUv nviv‡Z cv‡i e‡j weÁvbxiv AvkswKZ|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Ges evsjv‡`k c„w_exi †h-KqwU †`‡ki Dci Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfve covi AvksKv i‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`k Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg| hy³ivR¨ miKvi KZ©…K cÖKvwkZ Avš—R©vwZK Dbœqb m¤úwK©Z †k¦Zc‡Î (2009) ejv n‡q‡Q †h, mgy‡`ªi cvwbi D”PZv e„w×i d‡j 2050 mvj bvMv` evsjv‡`‡ki 6-8 kZvsk wbgœvÂj Zwj‡q hv‡e, hvi d‡j K‡qK jvL †jvK ev¯‘nviv n‡e| †`‡ki eb¨vµvš— GjvKvi cwigvY 25 kZvsk †_‡K †e‡o 40 kZvs‡k †cuŠQv‡e hvi cwiYv‡g 2050 mvj bvMv` cÖwZeQi 7 †KvwU gvbyl ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡e|

Rjevqy Awf‡hvR‡bi c‡_ c`hvÎv: Rjevqy cwieZ©b Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ûgwK¯^iƒc| ûgwK †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Awf‡hvRb‡K Dbœqb bxwZgvjvi Ask K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| A‡bK Dbœqbkxj †`kB Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z wewfbœ D‡`¨vM wb‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q, cÖ_‡gB wb‡R‡`i wecbœZvi GjvKv wPwýZ Kiv ïi“ K‡i‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Awf‡hvRb Dbœqb-cwiKíbvi Awe‡”Q`¨ A½| †h-†Kv‡bv cÖKvi D‡`¨vM †bIqv †nvK bv 13

†Kb, Zv †hb nq mgwš^Z Dbœqb cwiKíbvi Ask| GUv †gvUv `v‡M wZbfv‡M Kiv hvq : 1. wecbœZvi ¯^iƒc Ges `wi`ª‡`i m¶gZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf 2. `wi`ª‡`i SzuwK n«vm 3.Dbœqb cwiKíbvq Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K Aš—fy©w³KiY

evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K Aš—f©yw³KiY: evsjv‡`k Rjevqyi cwieZ©b RwbZ `y‡h©v‡Mi wkKvi n‡e a‡i wb‡q evsjv‡`k miKvi wWGdAvBwW Ges BDGbwWwcÕi mn‡hvwMZvq evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K Aš—fy©w³KiYi GKwU Kg©m~wP nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q| wZb eQie¨vcx Pjgvb Kg©m~wP‡Z GKwU bZzb K¬vB‡gU †mj, cwi‡ek gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b Ab¨vb¨ gš¿Yvjq, GbwRI Ges Rb‡Mvôxi mv‡_ Rjevqy cwieZ©b wel‡q MY-m‡PZbZv ˆZwi‡Z Ges GKB mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z KvR Ki‡e| wewfbœ ms¯’vi m¶gZv ˆZwi‡Z we‡kl K‡i Avc`-e¨e¯’vcbv †_‡K wb‡q †fŠZ KvVv‡gv Ges Rwg e¨envi †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †mP M‡elYvi g‡Zv welq¸‡jv wb‡q KvR Ki‡e| GB ¯^-D‡`¨vMx †KŠkj mevi Rb¨ wnZKi hv Avc` e¨e¯’vcbv Ges ¯’vwqZ¡kxj RxweKvqb‡K GKxfyZ Ki‡e| D`vniY¯^i“c ejv hvq †h, Kv‡Ri †¶Î¸‡jv n‡Z cv‡iRjevqy-cÖwZ‡ivaK M„nvqb, DbœZ km¨ Ges cÖvK„wZK m¤ú‡`i myô e¨e¯’vcbv|

mgm¨v

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SuzwK Ges Awf‡hvRb ïK‡bv Ges Avav-ïK‡bv

mu¨vZ‡mu ‡Z

DcK~j Ges ØxcvÂj

• cvwb-¯^íZv

• N~wY©S‡ oi ¶wZ Ges AvKw¯§K eb¨vi Kvi‡Y emwZ, RbmvaviY, KvVv‡gv Ges RbRxe‡bi cÖwZ ûgwK

• eb¨v Ges S‡oi d‡j DcK~jxq emwZ, KvVv‡gv Ges RbRxe‡bi cÖwZ ûgwK

• `ª“Z gi“KiY • cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i Abyrcv`bkxjZv • Lv`¨ wbivcËv • MÖvgxY RxweKvqb Ges MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ • ¯^v¯’¨

• K…wlR Drcv`bkxjZ

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• K„wlR Rwgi cwigvY n«vm

v Awf‡hvR‡bi welq¸‡jv • Rjg~javivi Dbœq‡b Aš— we`¨y‡Zi Drcv`bkxjZ fy©w³KiY v • ¯^v¯’¨

• Rjvkq Ges b`x‡Z jeYv³Zv e„w× • cvwb¯^íZv • Lv`¨ wbivcËv

AMAMÖvwaKvi

• grm¨ m¤ú` Ges RjR m¤ú‡`i webvk • DbœZ km¨, Z„Yf~wg Ges Mevw` e¨e¯’vcbv

• eva Ges †fŠZKvVv‡gvq cwieZ©b Avbqb

• wewfbœ Rv‡Zi DbœZ av‡bi ˆewPΨ Avbqb, weZiY Ges M‡elYv

• eb¨v Ges So cÖwZ‡ivaK wbg©vY bxwZgvjv

• Lv`¨ weZi‡Yi Rb¨ Rb‡Mvôx †Kw›`ªK Lv`¨km¨ msi¶Y e¨e¯’v Pvjy • AvenvIqv-†Kw›`ªK exgv-e¨e¯’v

• b`x kvmb • Avkªq‡K›`ª e¨e¯’vcbv • eb¨v, f~wgamcÖ eY GjvKvi Dbœq‡b weKí e¨e¯’vcbv

• DcK~jxq cÖwZi¶v e¨e¯’vcbv: k³ cÖwZi¶veva, mnbkxj cÖwZi¶vg¨vb‡MÖv f, †Kvivj, nvIi msi¶Y • emwZ, moK Ges †fŠZ AeKvVv‡g v cybt¯’vcb • mgwš^Z DcK~j e¨e¯’vcbv •

1.RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~wP (NAPA)

15

cÖYqY

†jvbvmnbxq Pviv

2. `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †KŠkjcÎ Ges Ab¨vb¨ RvZxq †KŠkjMZ Kg©m~wP 3.m¤¢ve¨ †jvKmv‡bi wnmve-wbKvk

4.mvkªqx Awf‡hvR‡bi Dcvqmg~n wPwýZKiY

16