BAHASA RAKITAN (Catatan Kuliah 15 November 2009 )
SISTEM BILANGAN : 1. Sistem Bilangan Desimal (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) → tidak dibahas lagi 2. Sistem Bilangan Biner 3. Sistem Bilangan Oktal 4. Sistem Bilangan Hexadesimal → paling banyak dipakai di Bhs. Rakitan
1. SISTEM BILANGAN DESIMAL Jumlahnya ada 10 yaitu dari 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, dan 9 → tidak dibahas lagi 2. SISTEM BILANGAN BINER Yaitu terdiri dari 2 bit bilangan / karakter 0 dan 1 Contoh : 1 0 1 1 = 11 Satuan Puluhan Ratusan Ribuan
1 x 20 = 1 1 x 21 = 2 0 x 22 = 0 1 x 23 = 8
1 + 2 + 0 + 8 = 11
9 Penambahan Bilangan Biner Bil. I 1 0 1 0
Bil. II 0 1 1 0
Hasil 1 1 0 0
Contoh 1 :
Carry 1 (menyimpan 1) Contoh 2 :
1 1 1 1 1
Carry
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1
Carry
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 0 0 1 0
BYTE : 1 byte = 8 bit 1111 1111 7 6 5 4
2222
Inilah yang dimaksud 8 bit
3 2 1 0
2222
= 27 . 1 + 26 . 1 + 25 . 1 + 24 . 1 + 23 . 1 + 22 . 1 + 21 . 1 + 20 . 1 = 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255 Range Positifnya adalah : 0 ... s/d ... 255 Range Negatifnya adalah : -128 ... s/d ... 127
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BAHASA RAKITAN (Catatan Kuliah 15 November 2009 )
9 Pengurangan Bilangan Biner Bil. I 1 0 1 0
Bil. II 0 0 1 1
Hasil 1 0 0 1
Borrow 1 (meminjam 1)
Contoh : 1 1 1 1
Borrow
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
-
Untuk contoh ini jadinya : = 1 x 21 = 2 = 2+0=2 =2–1=1
0 – 1 tidak bisa, jadi pinjam (borrow) bit sesudah / depannya satu. Misal dalam desimal : 1
1 7 9 8
= 1 x 101 = 10 = 10 + 7 = 17 = 17 – 9 = 8
9 Perkalian Bilangan Biner Bil. I 0 1 0 1
Bil. II 0 0 1 1
Hasil 0 0 0 1
Contoh : 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
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1 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 x 0 0 1
lanjut dg rumus penjumlahan
+ 1 1 0
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BAHASA RAKITAN (Catatan Kuliah 15 November 2009 )
3. SISTEM BILANGAN OKTAL Mempunyai 8 karakter, yaitu 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, dan 7 Biasanya dalam soal juga diberi simbol 8 9 Penambahan Bilangan Oktal Contoh : 1 1 1 1 4 + 7 = 11 – 8 = 3 (Carry 1) 7 6 5 4 simbol Bil. Oktal Dikurangi karena lewat 2 7 5 7 (8) + dari 8 karakter 1 2 6 3 3 5 + 1 (carry 1) = 6 + 5 = 11 – 8 = 3 (carry1 ) 6 + 1 (carry1 ) = 7 + 7 = 14 – 8 = 6 (carry 1) 7 + 1 = 8 + 2 = 10 – 8 = 2 (carry 1) 9 Pengurangan Bilangan Oktal Contoh 1 : 6 7 2 0 1 1 2 5 7 5 7 64 1 2 2 1 3 Rincian :
br = borrow
1 +1br = 1 + 8 = 9 9–6=3 1 - 1br = 1 + 1br = 1 + 8 = 9 – 1br = 8 8–7=1 0 – 1br = 0 + 1br = 0 + 8 = 8 – 1br = 7 7–5=2 2 – 1br = 2 + 1br = 2 + 8 = 10 – 1br = 9 9–7=2 7 – 1br = 6 6–5 6–2=4 Page 3 of 8
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BAHASA RAKITAN (Catatan Kuliah 15 November 2009 )
Contoh 2 : 7 1 2 3
2 6 1 2
5 4 7 0
1 6 5 4
0 5 4 5
2 7 65
Rincian : br = borrow 2 + 1br = 2 + 8 = 10 10 – 7 = 3 + 1br = 3 + 8 = 11 – 6 = 5 0 – 2br = 0 + 1br = 0 + 8 = 8 – 2br = 6 6 – 5 = 1 + 1br = 1 + 8 = 9 – 4 = 5 1 – 2br = 1 + 1br = 1 + 8 = 9 – 2br = 7 7 – 6 = 1 + 1br = 1 + 8 = 9 – 5 = 4 5 – 2br = 5 + 1br = 5 + 8 = 13 – 2br = 11 11 – 4 = 7 – 7 = 0 2 – 1br = 2 + 1br = 2 + 8 = 10 – 1br = 9 9–6=3–1=2 7 – 1br = 6 6–1=5–2=3 9 Perkalian Bilangan Oktal (akan dijabarkan pada pertemuan berikutnya) To be continue ...
4. SISTEM BILANGAN HEXADESIMAL Mempunyai 16 Karakter bilangan yaitu : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
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BAHASA RAKITAN (Catatan Kuliah 15 November 2009 )
9 Penambahan Bilangan Hexadesimal Contoh : 9 F 3 1 C
1 5 9 1
C 8 F 4
A 7 C F
F 6 B 2
B B A + 0 Hexadesimal
Rincian : B(11) + B(11) = 22 + A(10) = 32 – 16 = 16 (cerry 1) 16 – 16 = 0 (cerry 1) 2 + F(15) = 17 + 6 = 23 + B(11) = 34 – 16 = 18 (cerry 1) 18 – 16 = 2 (cerry 1) 2 + A(10) = 12 + 7 = 19 + C(12) = 31 – 16 = 15 (cerry 1) 1 + C(12) = 13 + 8 = 21 + F(15) = 36 – 16 = 20 (cerry 1) 20 – 16 = 4 (cerry 1) 2 + 1 = 3 + 5 = 8 + 9 = 17 – 16 = 1 (cerry 1) 1 + 9 = 10 + F(15) = 25 + 3 = 28 – 16 = 12 (cerry 1)
9 Pengurangan Bilangan Hexadesimal Contoh : F 4 3 6
4 9 6 E
C A B 5
1 B D 7
3 F E 6
Rincian : -
br = borrow
3 + 1br (16) = 19 – F(15) = 4 + 1br (16) = 20 20 – E(14) = 6 1 + 1br (16) = 17 – 2br = 15 - B (11) = 4 + 1br (16) = 20 20 – D(13) = 7 C(12) – A(10) = 2 – 2br = 0 + 1br (16) = 16 16 – B(11) = 5 4 + 1br (16) = 20 20 – 6 = 14 F (15) – 4 = 11 – 2br = 9 – 3 = 6
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BAHASA RAKITAN (Catatan Kuliah 15 November 2009 )
KONVERSI SISTEM BILANGAN 1. Konversi Bilangan Biner ke Desimal Contoh : Simbol Bilangan Biner 1 1 0 1 1 1(2) = 55(10) Simbol Bilangan Desimal
Cara : = 1 . 25 + 1 . 24 +1 . 23 +1 . 22 +1 . 21 +1 . 20 = 32 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 55
.
adalah kali ( x )
2. Konversi Bilangan Desimal ke Biner Contoh : 47(10) = 1 0 1 1 1 1 (2) Desimal
Biner
Caranya : 47 23 11 5 2 1
2 2 2 2 2
23 11 5 2 1 0
sisa 1 sisa 1 sisa 1 sisa 1 sisa 0 sisa 1
Dibalik menjadi 1 0 1 1 1 1
3. Konversi Bilangan Biner ke Oktal 3 bit bilangan Biner menjadi 1 bit bilangan Oktal Contoh : 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1(2) = 271(8) = 185(10) Simbol Bilangan Oktal
Caranya :
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0 1 0
1 1 1
0 0 1
20
421
001
2
7
1
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BAHASA RAKITAN (Catatan Kuliah 15 November 2009 )
4. Konversi Bilangan Biner ke Hexadesimal 4 bit bilangan Biner menjadi 1 bit bilangan Hexadesimal Contoh : 1 1 0 1 1 0(2) = 6D(16) = 109(10) Simbol Bilangan Hexadesimal
0110
1 1 0 1
0+4+2+0
8+4+0+1
6
13
6D
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BAHASA RAKITAN (Catatan Kuliah 15 November 2009 )
PR 1). (a) Pengurangan Bilangan Biner. 1010000 111111 -
(b) Pengurangan Bilangan Biner 1101100 101111 -
(c) Perkalian Bilangan Biner 1110110 111011 x
2). (a) Penambahan Bilangan Oktal 5 4 7 6 5 4 7 7 5 6 3 6 7 7 2 +
(b) Pengurangan Bilangan Oktal 6 5 4 0 0 1 3 4 5 7 6 7 1 7 3 7 7 6 -
[ Terima kasih \
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