B Inggris Hormon.docx

Hormone Works specifically on certain organs, body parts or activities.The body produces very small amounts but has a great influence on certain activities in the body working slowly, the influence of hormones is not spontaneous as in the regulation by the nerve as a chemical compound, hormones are not produced every time. Hormones are produced only when needed The functions of hormone : 1. Producing hormons with blood blooded through by networks in a certain body 2. Control body study activity 3. Support body activity activity 4. Networking network growth 5. Setting metabolism, oxidation, improving glucose absorption on fine usus 6. Influence fatty metabolism, protein, crystal hydraulic, vitamin, mineral and water

The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it secretes hormones which will then control the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands. Divided into 3 lobes: anterior, posterior, intermediate lobes.

Anterior lobe the hormone produced from the anterior lobe is  GH or somatotropic function stimulates the growth of body tissue and bone, stimulating protein synthesis.  Prolactin that serves to stimulate the growth of breast tissue and lactation.  TSH that serves to stimulate the thyroid gland, increase fat metabolism.  Gonadotropic hormone (LH and FSH) that affect growth, maturity function of secondary and primary sex organs.  ACTH that serves to stimulate the formation of steroids by the adrenal cortex. Posterior lobe is consists of neural networks so called neurohipofise. hormone produced:  ADH or vasopressin which serves to increase the reabsorption of water by distal tubules and renal tubule koleduktus thus decreasing urine production.  oxytocin that serves to stimulate the release of breast milk, uterine contractions, involved in sperm transport in the female reproductive tract.

Lobe intermediates this located between the posterior and anterior lobes. Produce melanotropin which serves to stimulate melanogenesis: gives dark color to skin. It also produces Endorphin: Controlling pain receptors

GLAND

HORMONE

CHEMICAL

HORMONE ACTION

CLASS Adrenal glands

Ephinephrine

Amine

Fight – or – flight

Medulla cortex

Glucocorticoids

Steroid

Raise blood glucose

Mineralocorticoids

Steroid

Absorb water and sodium in kidneys

Gonads

Estrogens

Steroid

Female secondary sex

Ovaries

progesterons

Steroid

characteristics

Testes

Androgens

Steroid

Pregnancy Male secobdary sex characteristics

Kidney

Erythropoietin

Peptide

Red blood cell production

Renin

Peptide

Blood pressure and volume

Heart

Atrial natriuretic

Peptide

factor (ANF) Digestyve system

Increases urine production , lowers blood volume

Gastrin

Peptide

Secretion of gastic juices

Secretin

Peptide

Pancreas releases HCO3-

CCK

Peptide

Gallbladder releases bile,satiety (feeling full)

Hypothalamus

Releasing and

Control anterior pituitary

inhibiting factors Pituitary anterior

Growth hormone

Protein

Growth of bone and muscle

Prolactin

Protein

Milk production

FSH / LH

Protein

Gametes and hormone production

Thyroid stimulating

Protein

Stimulates thyroid

ACTH

Peptide

Stimulates adrenal cortex

Oxytocin

Peptide

Stimulates uterine

hormone (TSH)

Posterior

contractions ADH

Peptide

Reduces urine output

Pineal gland

Melatonin

Amine

Biological rhythms

Thyroid gland

T3 san T4

Amine

Stimulate metabolic rate

Calcitonin

Peptide

Lowers blood calcium

Parathyroid glands

Parathyroid hormone

Peptide

Raises blood calcium

Pancreas

Insulin

Protein

Lowers blood glucose

Glucagon

Protein

Raises blood glucose

(Lynette Rushtom,Denton A.,M.D.Cooley, 2009) Daftar pustaka :

Bibliography  Lynette Rushtom,Denton A.,M.D.Cooley. (2009). the endocrine system. Chelsea House Publications.  Materi IBD semester 1