Azoturia, Paralytic Myoglobinuria Of Equine

‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻁﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ‬

AZOTURIA, paralytic rnyoglobinuria , Black water Disease by

Dr. Ali H. Sadiek

Prof. of Internal Veterinary Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University E-mail: [email protected] Ali sadiek

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AZOTURIA, paralytic rnyoglobinuria , Black water Disease, Rhabdomyolysis Monday Morning disease Tying Up Syndrome, Setfast disease z z

Sporadic acute disease affecting adult draft horses , mules and donkeys. The byproducts of abnormal energy metabolism cause inflammation of muscle cells, which leads to painful spasms of the large muscles of the back and hindquarters. Ali sadiek

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AZOTURIA, paralytic rnyoglobinuria , Black water Disease, Rhabdomyolysis Monday Morning disease Tying Up Syndrome, Setfast disease

It is ch. By: Functional and morphological changes of the 1. muscles. Liberation of myoglobin in urine, 2. Lameness ending with paralysis esp. after sudden 3. excessive work or training following days of rest. Ali sadiek

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Causes & Pathogenesis of Azoturia. Feeding of highly concentrated ration to draft horses at rest resulted in

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Formation of large stores of glycogen in muscles. At work, this glycogen is converted to energy and lactic acid.

The rate of removal of lactic acid from the blood stream does not equal to its production and the disease ensues. Ali sadiek

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Pathogenesis of Azoturia. Or. ration deficient in vitamins A, B,C. and E., minerals as Ca, P, Na, CU, Mg, Mn, Fe, Co and I) leads to

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Metab. disturb., improper function and dystrophic changes in the central and prepheral NS, endocrine glands and skeletal muscles, z

Lowering resistance of the animal body that leads to streptococcal sepsis. Ali sadiek

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Pathogenesis of Azoturia. z z

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Accum. Of lactic acid in muscles

coagulative necrosis of muscles, followed by liberation of its Mb and its secretion in urine. The lesions may press on sciatic and other crural nerves z

2ndry neuropathic degeneration of the rectus femoris muscle. Ali sadiek

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Cause of Death in Azoturia Death may occurs from: z Myoglobinemic nephrosis. z Uraemia. z Myocardial degeneration. z Septicemia.

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Clinical signs ¾

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Signs appears within one hour after beginning of the exercise. The horse being active, may be nervous Profuse sweating, rise of body temp. and hyperpnoea. Stiffness and reluctance to move, swinging of the hind legs. The animal then drops on the ground, tries to stand but it fails and takes the dog sitting position followed by lateral recumbency. Coffee colored urine Ali sadiek

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Clinical signs ¾ Hard, enlarged & tense

Quadriceps femoris & glutteal muscles ¾ Urination and defecation are difficult. ¾ Urine is of dark red brown color (coffee urine). ¾ In severe cases, tachycardia, weak cardiac impulses, weak heart sounds with extrasystolic arrhythmia Ali sadiek

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Azoturia of equines

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Myoglobinuria Coffe colred urine 10

Clinical pathology I. Blood changes: z

Blood serum is highly discolored since the renal threshold for myoglobin is very low. z Increased levels of sugars, lactic and pyurvic acids, cholesterol, N.P.N. and phosphorus. z Decreased levels of alkaline reserve, protein, calcium, vitamins A, B, and C. II. Muscle tissues: z Increased levels of CPK and SGOT in blood indicating muscle destruction. Ali sadiek

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Clinical pathology III. Urine changes: ƒ IT may be acidic in severe cases. z Specific gravity lies between 1.010 — 1.078. z Presence of myoglobin, protein. z increased level of creatines, pyurvic acid, sugar, indican and urobilin. Ali sadiek

myoglobin uria and hematu ria Myoglobinuria and hematuria 12

Diagnosis z Case

history: Sudden exercise after a period of rest. z Clinical signs: stiffness, lameness, coffee colored urine, recumbency. z Cl. Patholgy: Mb urea, uremia, increased serum AST, CPK. z Diff.

Diag: All cases of trauma, lameness, etc Ali sadiek

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Treatment and prevention I- General hygienic aids: z z z

Complete rest, trails to raise animals on legs or its hanging. Increase green fodders. Hot fomentations and massage of affected muscles.

II-Medical Treatment.

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Analgesics (i.v. Novalgin or Chloral hydrate 30 gm orally) Antacids (i.v. of 200-400 ml Na bicarbonate 2-5 %). Normal saline. Vitamin B1 (0.5 gm i.m daily of Thaimine ) Insulin 200-300 IU im. Cortisone. Antibiotics. Ali sadiek

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Prevention 1. 2. 3.

Controlling the diet and exercise Assuring high fiber diet Regular exercise, Keeping the horse well hydrated can also prevent potential damage to the kidneys Ali sadiek

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