Autism And The Environment Protecting Our Children

Autism and Environment Protecting our Children

Autism One May 28 2009 Norman W. Schwartz, MD Medical Director The Center for Integrative Medicine Milwaukee, Wisconsin Fellow, Health Studies Collegium

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Opinions about obviousness are to a certain extent a function of time. Albert Einstein

Once believed to be True The world is flat. Children should be seen and not heard. Woman aren’t logical enough to vote. Autism is genetic. 2

"It's time to start looking for the environmental culprits responsible for the remarkable increase in the rate of autism in California.’’

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“No nation is any healthier than its children.” Harry Truman (1884-1972) 33rd President of USA

Body

Burden & Health Children are not Little Adults Environment & Autism Toxicity & Cellular Dysfunction What We Can Do: Cautionary Principle in practice 4

Body Burden and

Health An Epidemic of Epidemics 5

287 chemicals detected in umbilical cord blood: 180 cause cancer in humans or animals 217 CNS & neurotoxins 208 cause birth defects or abnormal animals

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Human Development-Incredible and with Critical Windows

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Developmental Toxicity Testing of 2,863 Chemicals Produced > 1 million pounds/year Some Data On Developmental Toxicity

0.4%

21.4%

12 Tested for Neurodevelopmental Toxicity by EPA Guidelines

No Data On Developmental Toxicity 78.2%

In Harm’s Way, www.preventingharm.org

•85,000 chemicals in Federal inventory •2,000-3,000 new chemicals introduced each year •3-5 billion tons/yr

An Old Nemesis Photograph by Peter Essick

Lead paint chips speckle the gut of a two-year-old Cleveland girl. Phased out decades ago, lead paint is still injuring children who swallow it.

By David Ewing Duncan

Photographs by Peter Essick

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“Earth at the Tipping Point”

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UN Report: Ecosystem damage is so severe that we can no longer be confident that Planet Earth can support human life for more than two generations.

Four main findings on the links between ecosystems &human well-being: More... 10.1Over the past 50 years, humans have changed ecosystems faster &more extensively than in any period in human history. This has been due largely to rapidly growing demands for food, freshwater, timber, fiber, & fuel. The result has been a substantial & largely irreversible loss in the diversity of life on Earth. More... 10.2 The changes made to ecosystems have contributed to substantial gains in human well-being & economic development, but these gains have been achieved at growing costs. These costs include the degradation of many ecosystem services, increased risks of abrupt changes, & increased poverty for some groups of people. These problems, unless addressed, will substantially reduce the benefits that future generations get from ecosystems. 10.3 This degradation of ecosystem services could get significantly worse during the next 50 years. It is a barrier to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. 10.4 Reversing the degradation of ecosystems while meeting increasing demands for their services is a challenge. This challenge can be partially met in the future under scenarios involving significant changes to policies, institutions, & practices. However, these required actions will have to be substantial when compared to the actions currently taken.

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http://www.millenniumassessment.org

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Declining Male Birth Rates A Reality

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Goodbye, girls 15

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Bisphenol A: How could we?

Flame retardant found in peregrine falcon eggs Jane Kay, Thursday, May 8, 2008 San Francisco Chronicle

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“This is a red flag, the impact of this class of chemicals, whose toxicity has been under-appreciated, must be studied in human populations, and fast.” M.M. Merzenrich

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Perinatal Exposure to Low Level PCB’s Alters Wiring of Primary Auditory Cortex Kenet, T. et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 7646-7651

Normal Response

Perninatal PCB

Perinatal PCB 23 Copyright ©2007 by the National Academy of Sciences

nature neuroscience • volume 3 no 12 • december 2000

The cause of PD is unknown, but epidemiological studies suggest an association with pesticides and other environmental toxins, and biochemical studies implicate a systemic defect in mitochondrial complex I. ...chronic, systemic inhibition of complex I by the pesticide, rotenone, causes highly selective nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration that is associated behaviorally with hypokinesia and rigidity. These results indicate that chronic exposure to a common pesticide can reproduce the anatomical, neurochemical, behavioral and neuropathological features of PD.

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First It Was Bees

Now It's Bats That Are Dying

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Childhood Cancers: Ages 0-14, 1971–2001 70% 60%

All leukemia Up 32% ALL Up 53% Soft tissue cancers Up 32% Brain tumors Up 63% Bone cancers Up 32% Kidney cancer Up 26%

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

All leukemia

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Soft tissue Brain tumors Bone cancers cancers

Source: National Cancer Institute, SEER Statistics site http://seer.cancer.gov/faststats/

Kidney cancer

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Children are not Little Adults Or Little Canaries Canary in a Coal Mine

Canary in a Coal Mine

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Mobile Phone Use While Pregnant May 'Seriously Damage Baby,' Study Says Monday , May 19, 2008 Scientists found that mothers who did use the handsets were 54 per cent more likely to have children with behavioural problems and that the likelihood increased with the amount of potential exposure to the radiation

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www.iceh.org/pdfs/LDDI/LDDIStatement.pdf

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Scientific Consensus Statement on Environmental Agents Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

High-confidence Conclusions Alcohol Solvents Lead Mercury PCBs Fluoride PBDEs Pesticides Arsenic Manganese PAHs Additives Endocrine disruptors Nicotine environmental tobacco smoke

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Summary  Children

are more vulnerable to toxins  Boys more vulnerable than girls  Multiple sources of toxins in environment, synergistic effects, hormesis  Increasing body burden is a reality  Multiple factors determine susceptibility to toxins  Epidemiology and case reports link autism and toxins  Need individualized assessment and treatment

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Environment and Autism The autism epidemic is alerting us to the importance of individual susceptibility to environmental pollutants. Environmental safeguards that protect a theoretical average person still leave thousands at risk. Increased understanding of susceptibility will provide the basis of stronger health policy that truly protect the most vulnerable. Richard Wiles Environmental Working Group

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www.autism-society.org

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Autism and the Environment Workshop http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3740/35684/39826/42257.aspx

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Toxic Metals  Uncouple

Metabolic Pathways  Immunotoxins Autoimmunity  Enzyme Inhibitors  Pro-oxidants  Bioconcentrate  Increased adverse effects with mineral deficiencies  Proportionally greater effect in children 39

Mercury

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EPA estimates 1 in 6 children ( ~630,000 per year) at birth have an unsafe blood levels of mercury [Mahaffey, 2004]. Levels are high enough to cause a decline in IQ at an estimated annual cost of $8.7 billion [Trasande, 2005]

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Developing fetal brain is more susceptible to damage by mercury when compared to the adult brain [Clarkson, 2002], even moderate doses cause extensive brain damage and mental retardation [Bertossi, 2004]

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No “level of exposure that is convincingly harmless— especially to the developing fetus” [Cranmer , 1996]

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Autism from Mercury

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“We have reanalyzed the data set originally reported by Ip et al. in 2004 and have found that the original p value was in error and that a significant relation does exist between the blood levels of mercury and diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, the hair sample analysis results offer some support for the idea that persons with autism may be less efficient and more variable at eliminating mercury from the blood.”

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Autism from Lead

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Health Place. 2006 Jun;12(2):203-9.

Findings: For every 1000 pounds of mercury that is emitted from Texas smokestacks there is a 61% increase in Autism rates. 44

Association between autism rates, environmental mercury, other toxins in Texas Palmer, et al., Health and Place 2006 Jun;12(2):203-9 For each 1000 lb of environmentally released mercury, there was a 43% increase in the rate of special education services and a 61% increase in the rate of autism.

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For every 10 miles from industrial or power plant sources, there was an associated decreased autism Incident Risk of 2.0% and 1.4%, respectively 46

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RESULTS: Multivariate models comparing children of mothers living within 500 m of fields with the highest quartile of organo-chlorine poundage to mothers not living near fields- odds ratio for ASD of 6.1. (28% of moms) ASD risk ↑with the poundage of organochlorine applied and↓ with distance from field sites. CONCLUSIONS: Residential proximity to organochlorine pesticide applications during gestation and ASD among children should be 51 further studied.

POPs-Persistant organic pollutants 

Ex: Phthalates, Pesticides, Herbicides, Bisphenol A, PCB, PCBD, DDT Used in flexible plastics, cosmetics, perfumes, food Found in breast milk, cord blood, infants, children and adults

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Endocrine Disruptors- mimic natural hormones, alter cells signals, feeback control Extremely long half life up to 15 years, substances banned in 70’s still present Long term adipose tissues storage, difficult to detox No safe levels, biologic effects at pp trillion DNA damage Epigenetic effects by altering methylation patterns which are inheritable Injure developing nervous system Carcinogenic Gender bending chemicals Alter brain structure, neurochemistry, behavior, reproduction and immune response in animals Damage sperm and cause genital malformations Precocious Puberty Allergies, Asthma, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Thyroid disease 52 Autism increasing evidence

PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT BRICK TOWNSHIP AUTISM INVESTIGATION,OCE AN COUNTY, NJ EPA FACILITY ID: NJXCR

November 29, 2000 Superfund Site Assessment Branch Division of Health Assessment and Consultation Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry See Mark Blaxill WHAT DID THE CDC KNOW AND WHEN DID THEY KNOW IT? AGE OF AUTISM http://www.ageofautis m.com/2007/12/what53 did-the-cd.html

Appendix A: Contaminants of Concern Acetone 1,000ppb Anthracene 3,000ppb Arsenic 3ppb Benzene 1ppb Benzo(b)flouranthene (PAH) 0.2ppb Benzo(a)pyrene (PAH) 0.005ppb Benz(a)anthracene (PAH )2,800ppb Bis-phthalate 6,000,00 ppb Bromoform 4ppb Butyl benzyl phthalate 2,000ppb Cadmium 5ppb Carbon tetrachloride 0.3ppb Chlordane 0.6ppb Chlorobenzenes 100ppb Chloroform 6ppb Chromium 100ppb Copper 100ppb DDT 5ppb Di-n-butyl phthalate 1,000ppb Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Dichloroethanes 1,1-Dichloroethene

0.3ppb 600ppb 75ppb 0ppb 0.06ppb

Dioxin (2,3,7,8 TCDD) Endosulfan 20ppb Ethyl benzene Flouranthene PAH) Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide Hexachlorocyclohexane alpha 0.006ppb

.00001ppb 700ppb 400ppb 0.008ppb 0.004ppb 0.02ppb beta0.02ppb gamma0.4ppb 0ppb 2ppb 5ppb 20ppb 100ppb 0.02ppb 300ppb

Lead Mercury MCLMethylenechloride Naphthalene Nickel PCB's Pyrene(PAH) Silver 50ppb Tetrachloroethylene(PCE)0.7ppb Toluene 200ppb 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 200ppb 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.6ppb Trichloroethylene 20ppb 54 Vinyl Chloride 0.2ppb

Isaac Pessah PhD, Center for Children’s Environmental Health, The M.I.N.D Institute, Univ of Calif, Davis

So to me, the issues autism raise -- about the health and well-being of this and future generations, about the role that planetary pollution, chemical inventions and medical interventions may have inadvertently played in triggering it -- are so fundamental that by looking at autism, we're looking very deeply into the kind of world we want to inhabit and our children to inherit. Dan Olmstead 56

Environmental Exposures Old Thinking:  Single agent, threshold of toxicity- “no evidence of significant toxicity at levels found in this study...” New Thinking:  Very low doses can have multiple effects from altered gene expression, disruption in cell signaling, hormone mimics  Real life exposures are complex mixes of chemicals that interact with ? results  Genetic variations-more susceptible subgroups  Children not little adults, more susceptible 57

Toxicant Convergence Cellular Dysfunction 58

Total glutathione levels were 46% lower and oxidized glutathione was 72% higher in children with autism 59

Many environmental toxicants are potent pro-oxidants Environmentally relevant levels of toxicants make cells more oxidized in precisely the range that alters the response to the environmental signals, with variable consequences: • Cell division is suppressed • Cells are made more vulnerable to inducers of cell death Cell regulation is altered 

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Mark Noble, University of Rochester Medical Center Used with Permission

Biochemical Abnormalities in ASD  Oxidative

Stress  Folate cycle  Methylation  Sulfation  Citric acid cycle  Amino acids  Fatty Acids  Carbohydrate  Carnitine  Creatine  Porphyrins

 Lipids  Phospholipids  Fungal

metabolites  Bacterial metabolites  Neurotransmitters  Ammonia  Ketosis  Neopterin/biopterin  Nutrient Deficiencies  Taurine  Histidine

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Altered in Autism abnormal abnormal

abnormal abnormal

abnormal abnormal abnormal

abnormal abnormal

Citric Acid Cycle Disrupters Heavy metals Pesticies abnormal Chemicals Nutrient Deficiencies abnormal Glutathione Deficency Oxidative Stress Mitochondrial Dysfunction

abnormal

abnormal 64

What We Can Do Precautionary Principle “When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment, precautionary measures should be take even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically.” Wingspread Conference, 1998 65

All Things are Bound Together Other species are our kin. This statement is literally true in evolutionary time. All higher eukaryotic organisms, from flowering plants to insects and humanity itself, are thought to have descended from a single ancestral population that lived about 1.8 billion years ago…All this distant kinship is stamped by a common genetic code and elementary features of cell structure.” Edward O. Wilson

Humankind has not woven the web of life. We are but one thread within it. Whatever we do to the web, we do to ourselves. All things are bound together. All things connect. Chief Seattle

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Philly First In The Nation To Require Mercury Disclosures Requires dentists to distribute patient brochures disclosing the dangers of silver amalgam fillings."The textbooks don't tell us this," said Charlie Brown, spokesman for the CDC (Consumers for Dental Choice.) "It is absurd to think nothing is damaged when a neurotoxin is placed an inch from someone's brain."

Walmart to Stop Selling Baby Bottle w BPA Toys R’ Us to Stop Selling Toxic Toys

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Canada first to label bisphenol A as officially dangerous Would pave way for a federal ban ENVIRONMENT REPORTER April 15,2008

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Detoxification: Staying Resilient in an Intoxicated World  Antioxidant:neutralize

free radicals  Metalothionein: natural chelator, in health produced in abundance; nutritional deficits or distress depleted  Liver: 2 step process detoxification. transforms toxins to facilitate elimination  Bile: eliminates fat-soluble toxins, needs fiber  Low temperature saunas: 105-110ºF  Hair, fingernails, skin 74

Detoxification Limitations  Exposure

exceeds capacity  Persistent low levels, unknown exposures  Long half lives=bio-accumulate body & biosphere  Bio-accumulate in particular body tissues,  Inability to break down toxins, impaired detoxification competences  Mineral & nutrient deficiencies  Genetic, epigenetic or attitudinal variations.

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Food           

Choose fresher, unprocessed, whole foods grown to vine ripeness. Local organic and biodynamic when possible. High fiber foods help remove toxins. Glass containers preferred for storage. Detox Foods- cruciferous veggies, ginger, garlic, onions Honey, stevia, agave, raw maple syrup and raw honey are preferred sweeteners. Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Avoid artificial sweeteners, corn sweeteners, colorings preservatives, plastic containers, and irradiated foods. Avoid excitotoxins- glutamate, sulfites, nitrites, propionate Be aware of phenols- bananas, apples, grapes, berries Be aware of excess copper – water, nuts, chocolate 76

Pure Water  Pure

water is essential; dehydration hinders the body’s ability to eliminate waste and keep resilient; pesticide levels, heavy metals, hormone residues, volatile organic compounds fluoride more important than bacteria

Clean Air  Use

fresh flowers, natural oils  Avoid air fresheners, sprays, perfumes, cleaning agents, new paints, new carpets, flea treatments, insecticides, furniture chemicals  Check for CO output in gas appliances

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Toxic Metal Sources

• Lead: toys, vinyl , food, houses built before late 70’s • Mercury- amalgams, vaccines, breathing- power plants incinerators • Aluminum- cookware, deodorants, baking soda, cans, foil • Fluoride- tootpaste, water, treatments

Plastics- Avoid

• No phthalates , bisphenols, wraps • No microwaving • Use glass

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Household

• Cotton clothes • Cleaning products, natural, biodegadeable • Herbicide pesticides free; minimal perfumes, chemicals • Arsenic in treated wood , chlorine from pools • Flame retardants in clothing, fungicides in bedding • Persistent organic pollutants in carpets Medications

 Avoid

Tylenol , use botanicals or Motrin (Advil)  Antibiotics  Beware of increased sensitivity to medications

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Pregnancy Precautions  Assess

metal burden before becoming pregnant  Remove amalgams before getting pregnant  Minimize dental work while pregnant  Supplement: calcium, vit D folic acid, omega3’s, multivitamin/minerals, iodine  Avoid seafood, low allergy diet  Daily multivitamin and iodine supplementation  Avoid flu shots/thimerosal  Breast feeding- test for heavy metals  Adequate sleep, relaxation, exercise, pure water

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Pregnancy Precautions  Whole

organic foods, fruits, vegetables and other plant-based foods, alkaline diet  Minimize sugar, MSG (crosses placenta), aspartame , processed foods, hydrogenated oils and margarine  No smoking, drugs, minimal alcohol and caffeine  Extra effort to void toxins-cosmetics, food, water,environment  Nutritional support- antioxidants C,E, carotene, carotenoids, mixed tocopherols, flavonoids; methylation- Folic acid, B12, B6; sulfationginger, onions, garlic, brassica, epsom salt baths 81

The information on the following slides provided courtesy of Stu Freedenfeld MD Please see his excellent web site for more details and information: http://stocktonfp.com/Resource-Guide.pdf 82

Household and Personal Care www.ewg.org/reports/skindeep2/index.php Searchable index for product safety information www.lookinggoodorganics.com Personal and house care www.Earthessentials.com Skin , personal care www.ecos.com www.ecover.com Cleaning products www.seventhgeneration.com Paper, cleaning products www.needs.com Household and personallcare www.acminet.org Source of non-toxic art supplies http://www.thesoftlanding.com Baby bottles, sippy cups http://www.onestepahead.com Toys, child needs http://www.greenhome.com Clothing and bedding www.organicmattressstore.com Bedding and mattresses

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Green Lawns- Safe Neighborhoods Insect control: Insecticidal soap, diatomaceous earth, and neem products. Insects are vital and killing agents are not selective. Weed control: Corn gluten, hot water and vinegar, pull the weeds, or just leave them be and relax Fungicide alternatives: Sulfur, baking soda, certain copper products and avoid over watering. 84

Green Lawns-Safe Neighborhoods www.gardensalive.com Lawn and garden products Also a resource for garden questions. www.WHYY.org/91fm/ybyg non-toxic solutions to garden and indoor plant questions. www.pesticides.org Information on dangers of pesticides and safe alternatives http://www.beyondpesticides.org/gateway/index.htm Safety information of specific pesticides 85

Natural Insect Repellants Neem oil can be taken orally as a mosquito repellant. (Ayush Herbs, www.ayush.com ) Thiamin 100mg/d may deter mosquitoes. Topicals: 2% soybean oil, Vick’s Vapo Rub, pure vanilla extract (1:1 with water), cinnamon oil, oil of lemon eucalyptus. Enzyme shampoos to get rid of fleas and lice and spray house with 50/50 vinegar and water www.LiceBgone.com enzyme products for lice, scabies and crabs 86

Natural Insect Repellants Cockroaches: spread bay leaves and sprinkle a fine dusting of baking soda and boric acid Ants: Sprinkle black pepper, chili powder or chalk and brush lavender and olive oil on trails. Moths: Cedar chips and lavender oil Mice and rats: Lavender oil, cedar oil or camphor will repel them. Trade products include Ambermin’s Natural Source Bug Repellent, Gone (insect detergent spray), All Terrain Herbal Armor Insect Repellant, Buzz Away, BiteBlock and Outdoor Herbal Spray 87

Environmentally Friendly Products www.hangersdrycleaners.com green dry cleaning www.greenearthcleaning.com green dry cleaning www.earth911.org local recycling centers including fluorescents www.lamprecycling.com info mailing used fluorescent bulbs Note: Home Depot will recycle fluorescent bulbs

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Whole Foods www.ams.usda.gov/farmersmarkets national listing of farmers' markets. www.localharvest.org local sources of sustainably grown food www.eatwellguide.org online directory of sustainably raised meat, poultry, dairy, and eggs, US & Canada http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/csa/ Community Supported Agriculture programs (CSA’s) www.westonaprice.org Weston A. Price Foundation www.foodroutes.org interactive web site to find local farmers, markets, CSA’s near you 89

Whole Foods www.bostonveg.org vegetarian basics www.realmilk.com info on raw milk: www.westonaprice.org www.eatwellguide.org healthy food markets, farms and restaurants by zip code www.localharvest.org local organic farms farmers markets and restaurants www.ams.usda.gov/farmersmarket s www.foodnews.org guide to Pesticides in Produce

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Water

EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791) Information water safety, contaminants, qualified labs http://www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/uscities/contents.asp reports contaminants in major cities www.safe-drinkingwater.org/pdf/makesense.pdf fact sheets on common contaminants http://www.psr.org/site/DocServer/Drinking_Water_and_Disea Physicians for Social Responsibility info water and health Laboratory testing: http://www.doctorsdata.com http://www.h2otest.com/other.html http://www.ntllabs.com/homeowner/index.html 91

Resources

http://www.care2.com/greenliving/make-your-own-non-tox non-toxic cleaning kit http://www.care2.com/greenliving/make-your-own-non-tox home made cleaning products www.NSF.org tests on water filter’s performance www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/gfilters.asp guide to common water filters www.searchawwarf.org info on filtration technologies www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/bw/appa.asp tests of several hundred bottled water brands 92

Resources www.ucsusa.org/publications/greentips/ Union of Concerned Scientists www.environmentalobservatory.org/library.cfm?refid=77083 info on plastics www.oztoxics.org Info persistent organic pollutants www.greenbuildingsupply.com www.greenhomeguide.com www.hardwoodinstaller.com/ www.hardwoodscene.com/ www.hardwoodinstaller/finishes-water.htm info on green building supplies www.nurturedfamily.com/catfuzzibunz.aspx www.diaperpin.com reusable diapers www.leadcheck.com test kits for lead, cadmium, mercury, 93 arsenic, nickel and chromium

Autism as a Wake-up Call The rise in autism diagnoses, along with the rise in other immune and chronic illnesses, is really a wake-up call. Put alongside the warnings about the ecological instability of our planet, it shows that our situation is serious. It calls for pulling out all the stops and throwing our best intelligence, resources and organization into getting a grip. Autistic individuals may not be “different” from the rest of us but simply “more sensitive” to environmental injury—they may be the “canaries in the coal mine” warning us of impending greater disaster. If the level of environmental insults continues to rise, more children and more adults—and more of life on earth will experience harm. Martha Herbert

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What we can Do Push for research into environmental causes of epidemics. Ask your representative for investments into research that will look for fundamental causes of autism. Tell everyone about MIND institute study. Call in talk shows. It is time to put our health and the environment in the dialogue. Use the information in this presentation as a fact sheet. Network with parents, talk to everyone we know about the causes of why their child is ill.

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What we can do Love your children like the whole world depended on it. Fight for the rightful world that is theirs. Work with biomedical practitioners Keep the faith, many children do get better 96

If you want to go fast go alone. If you want to go far, go together. African Proverb Together, we know enough…to mitigate, remediate, and prevent the epidemics of autism, chronic illness and lack of wellness. If not now, when? Thank you Norm Schwartz MD Center for Integrative Medicine Milwaukee, Wisconsin 262 240-0133

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Additional Sources of Information      

Changing the Course of Autism, Bryan Jepson MD Healing the New Childhood Epidemics, Ken Bock MD Children with Starving Brains, Jaquelyn McCandless MD Special Diets for Special Kids, Lisa Lewis Evidence of Harm, David Kirby Websites

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www.autism.com www.safeminds.org www.autismone.org www.generationrescue.org www.vaccineawareness.com www.ddr.org

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Environmental Groups            

Save our kids, heal our planet. www.sokhop.com Collaborative on Health and the Environment: www.cheforhealth.org Institute for Children’s Environmental Health: www.iceh.org We Can Solve the Climate Crisis: www.wecansolveit.org Environmental Health News: www.environmentalhealthnews.org Our Stolen Future: www.ourstolenfuture.org Pesticide Action Network: www.panna.org Coming Clean: www.chemicalbodyburden.org Natural Resources Defense Council: www.nrdc.org/health Beyond Pesticides: www.beyondpesticides.org Greenpeace Chemical Kitchen: www.greenpeace.org Alliance for a Healthy Tomorrow www.healthytomorrow.org 99