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As changes are frequent, please ensure you refresh before reading. ALL PROCESS - CONSUMABLES RECOMMENDATIONS MADE AT THIS SITE REQUIRE WELD QUALIFICATION BEFORE THE WELDS ARE APPROVED. Note: When you see high tensile weld electrodes required, this is usually an indication that pre heat, interpass and post heat treatment is required for the welds.

IF YOU ARE WELDING TUBES OR PIPES MAKE SURE YOU VISIT THE ASTM PIPE WELDING SECTION

  A Management & Engineers Guide to MIG Weld Quality, Productivity, and Costs

Manual and Robotic (MIG) Gas Metal Arc Welding Book

If welding a carbon or low alloy steels and you don't know what the composition is or what the weld consumable should be, give consideration to the following. If the metal is thicker than 1/4 - 6 mm, preheat to 150F. Use either an E7018 stick electrode, an 0.035 or 0.045 E70S-3-6 MIG wire, or for all position welds an E71T-1 electrode wire. For MIG welding use an argon 10 to 20% CO2 mix. For gas shielded flux cored use a gas mix with 20 to 25% CO2. Ensure mill scale in weld area is removed and the plate is always at a temperature >60F. Keep single pass fillet welds < 1/4 - < 6mm. Use stringer, do not weave unless necessary. For multi-pass welds. use inter-pass temp control. Ensure the inter-pass temp does not exceed 300 F. If possible do destructive test of a weld sample. If possible have the hardness and grain size checked after welding. If cracks occur in the HAZ double the pre-heat.

  SMAW and GMAW Mechanical Strength E6010 Minimum Yield 50,000 psi Minimum Tensile 62,000 psi. E6011 Minimum Yield 50,000 psi Minimum Tensile 62,000 psi. E7010 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi. E7018 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.

 

MIG E70S-3-6 Minimum Yield 60,000 psi Minimum Tensile 72,000 psi.

When welding low and medium carbon steels, the 70XX electrodes and E70S-3-6 MIG wires and E7XT-X flux cored electrodes can be used. When welding low alloy 1 1/4 Cr 1/2 Mo and 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo with up to 0.05% max carbon, typically 8018-B2L / 9018-B3L (L = low carbon) can be used. When welding higher strength alloys or when tempering and quenching are required to attain the higher strengths the higher carbon 8018 B2 and 9018 B3 electrodes are utilized.

Flux Cored and MIG weld process controls

The "yield strength", the stress that can be applied to a base metal or weld without permanent deformation of the metal. The "tensile strength", "the ultimate tensile strength" is the maximum tensile strength that the metal or weld can with stand before failure occurs.

Manual MIG Welding Process Control

Fine-grained steels are prone to cold cracking due to hydrogen absorption. They should be preheated slightly and welded with a relatively low specific energy, to reduce the heat-affected zone. Preheating: in function of steel, generally 100°C (max. 200°C) Post-weld treatment: usually not necessary

(Also in Spanish) " Proceso de Soldadur MIG Manual "

Austenitic manganese steels with a manganese content of 14% (Hadfield steels) have a tendency to form brittle precipitates in the form of carbides. It is essential to weld them without preheating, even with additional cooling, and to keep the specific heat input low. Preheating: none (cooling may be used if needed

Welding CD's

Unalloyed steels are prone to cold cracking. In many cases preheating is required to ensure good weldability. Preheating: < 0.2C %: without preheating (up to 30 mm thickness) or 100°C against humidity C: 0.2 to 0.5 %:preheating temperature 100 to 300°C

Robot MIG welding. Best Weld Practices and Process Controls

C > 0.5 %: preheating temperature 300 to 350°C.Possible post-weld treatments, stress relieving, normalising Low alloy steels are prone to cold cracking. In many cases preheating is required to lower hydrogen potential and ensure good weldability.

  Manual MIG Welding. Best Weld Practices and Process Controls

Flux Cored Best Weld Practices and Process Controls

Mechanical Strength of Gas Shielded Flux Cored Electrodes from the ANSI/AWS A5.29. 1198 Specification Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding

DVD Film "MIG Process Controls Made Simple" Order these MIG Welding or Flux Cored Training Materials Now

  Tensile ksi

Tensile MPa

Yield ksi

E6XTX-X-XM

60 - 80

410 - 550

50

340

E7XTX-X-XM

70 - 90

480 - 620

58

400

E8XTX-X-XM

80 - 100

550 - 690

68

470

E9XTX-X-XM

90 - 110

620 - 760

78

540

88

610

AWS Classification

E10XTX-K9-K9M (M) means an argon mix req, 75 to 80 argon balance CO2

SEE SPEC All DCEP

E71T-1 Second number

E70T-1 Second number

Yield Mpa

1 = all position

0 = flat and horizontal

Brittleness:The ease at which the weld or metal will break or crack without appreciable deformation. The ease at which the weld or metal will break or crack without appreciable deformation. The ease at which the weld or metal will break or crack without appreciable deformation. When a metal gets harder it becomes more brittle. Preheat, inter-pass temp controls and post heat all are designed to reduce the potential for brittleness.

Hardness test. The hardness tester forces a small sphere (Brinell, HB), a diamond pyramid (Vickers, HV) or a cone (Rockwell C, HRC) into the surface of a metallic material at a specific load. The resulting indentation is then measured.

      Irresespective of what the specifications stipulate, many manufactures of parts and equipment containing ASTM steels do not use the recommended pre or post-heat treatments, especially when multi-pass welds are required The requirements for weld heat treatment is greatly influenced by many factors, the application, the governing specifications or codes, the plate condition, the plate thickness, the weld consumables the weld procedures, the weld sizes and amount of welds required. In many cases the manufacturer that uses ASTM steels will find that it's not necessary for the weld to match the mechanical properties of the steel, and will therefore typically utilize low hydrogen, highly ductile E7018 /E70S-3-6 / E71T-1 electrodes. When using the low hydrogen electrodes, the pre and post heat treatment recommendations are frequently eliminated, however from a weld quality perspective always ensure that the weld locations are dry, the metal is over 60F, and that rust and mill scale is removed from the weld area. Also even when heat treatment is not used its frequently beneficial to not allow the multi-pass inter-pass weld temperatures to exceed 200F If you ignore the heat treat requirements as recommended by the metal specifications ensure you use low hydrogen electrodes then, (a) Establish the welding procedure. (b) Qualify the weld and HAZ properties. Ensure the after weld and HAZ properties are compatible with the steel specifications, ref grain size, hardness and strength. PRE HEAT IN THE FOLLOWING CHARTS ALSO APPLIES TO MINIMUM INTER-PASS TEMPERATURE.

Alloy steels always require weld consideration. Compare the low alloy steels chemistry and mechanicals with a standard A36 steel. Remember this is only a guide, weld responsibility starts with the weld decision maker verifying the consumables and heat treat and test recommendations.

STRESS RELIEVING (SR) BASIC GUIDELINES: STRESS RELIEF - CONTROLLED HEATING & COOLING TO REDUCE STRESS. STRESS RELIEF MACHINED PARTS FOR DIMENSIONAL STABILITY. STRESS RELIEF SLOW HEATING AND COOLING REQUIRED CONFIRM WITH CODE SPECIFICAIONS FOR STRESS RELIEF REQUIREMENTS.

TYPICAL STRESS RELIEF SOAK TIME ONE HOUR PER INCH OF THICKNESS

SR HEAT & COOL RATE PER HOUR 400oF 204oC DIVIDE THICKER PART

PARTS OF DIFFERENT THICKNESSES SR MAX TEMP DIFFERENCE 75oF 24oC

STRESS RELIEF CARBON STEELS 1100oF 593oC TO 1250oF 677oC

STRESS RELIEF CARBON 0.5% Mo 1100oF 593oC TO 1250oF 677oC

SR 1% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC

SR 1.25 % CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC

SR 2% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1150oF 621oC TO 1325oF 718oC

SR 2.25 % CHROME 1% Mo 1200oF 649oC TO 1375oF 746oC

SR 5% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1200oF 649oC TO 1375oF 746oC

SR 7% CHROME 0.5% Mo 1300oF 704oC TO 1400oF 760oC

SR 9% CHROME 1% Mo 1300oF 704oC TO 1400oF 760oC

SR 12% CHROME 410 STEEL 1550oF 843oC TO 1600oF 871oC

SR 16% CHROME 430 STEEL 1400oF 760oC TO 1500oF 815oC

SR 9% NICKEL 1025oF 552oC TO 1085oF 585oC

FOR 300 SERIES STAINLESS SR WILL RESULT IN CARBIDE PRECIPITATION

WITH LOW CARBON 300 SERIES MAX SR 1050oF 566oC

SR 400 SERIES CLAD STAINLESS 1100oF 593oC TO 1350oF 732oC

SR CLAD MONEL INCONEL Cu NICKEL 1150oF 621oC TO 1200oF 649oC

STRESS RELIEF MAGNESIUM AZ31B 0 500oF 260oC 15 MIN HK31A H24 550oF 288oC 30 MIN

STRESS RELIEF MAGNESIUM AZ31B H24 300oF 149oC 60 MIN

HM21A T8-T81 700oF 371oC 30 MIN

  MAGNESIUM WITH MORE THAN 1.5% ALUMINUM STRESS RELIEF

MAGNESIUM CAST ALLOYS AM100A 500oF 260oC 60 MIN

AZ-63A 81A 91C & 92A 500oF 260oC 60 MIN

 

Metric Conversion 1000 psi = ksi x 6.894 = MPa

Steels

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

ASTM A3

 

 

carbon stl

 

 

mig S3-S6

ASTM A27

 

 

carbon stl

 

 

mig S3-S6

58 - 80 400/551

<0.25carb >25mm Common low 100F. carbon structural >50mm steel 200F CSA grades in >0.26carb compliance 260W 13-25mm 260WT 300W 50F. >25mm 175F

ASTM A36

ASTM

>36 >248

Description

PIPE

Preheat Postheat

UNS

Chemistry weld data

Carb 0.25/0.29 Mn 0.6/1.2 Si 0.15/0.4 K02600 E60XX E70XX E70S-X E71T-1

WELD

A 53

MIG S3 S6 WELD MIG S3 S6

A 82

Reinforcement wire

ASTM A105

High temp fittings

E70XX E70S-X E71T-1

ASTM A108

Corresponds to AISI specs

E60XX E70XX E70S-X E71T-1

ASTM 109

 

Carbon stl strip

 

  ASTM A113

A128

 

 

WELD MIG S3 S6 E60XX E70XX E70S-X E71T-1

Railway stock

 

Casting Aust Mn

 

 

 

  Carb 0.16/0.26 Mn0.7/1.5 Si0.1/0.5

Grade a/b/cs d/ds/e >34 Grade ah32/ dh32 eh32 >46 Grade ah36/ dh36 eh36 >51

Grade a/b/cs d/ds/e 58 - 71 Grade ah32/ dh32 eh32 >68 - 85 Grade ah36/ dh36 eh36 >71- 90

ASTM 134

 

 

Carbon stl pipe

 

 

WELD MIG S3 - S6

ASTM 135

 

 

Carbon stl pipe

 

 

WELD MIG S3 - S6

ASTM 139

 

 

Carbon stl pipe

 

 

WELD MIG S3 - S6

ASTM A131 Grades A-B-CS D-DS-E AH32DH32 EH32 AH36 DH36 EH36

ASTM A148 Grades 40/50/60 /80/85/90 95/105 120

Structural steel for ships Canadian CSA G40.21 Grade A = 33G Grade B = 33W

AH/DH/EH Preheat Ni0.4 CS/D/E Cr0.25 >25mm Mo0.8 100F Cu0.35 Preheat K02300 ah/eh/dh Grades a32-36 e >13mm 50F E70XX >25mm E70S-X 100F E71T-1 Grades ah/dh/eh 32-36 E8018-B2 E80T5-B2

Structural castings

Grades 40/50/80 E8018-C3 Grades 60/90 E8018-B2 Grades 85/95/10/ 120 E11018-M

  Many steel types and their grades go back for 30 to 50 years. Today many grades are obsolete. Its helpful to include these grades as many rebuilds and repairs deal with the older grades. By the way if you don't see a chemistry range you are typically seeing the maximum alloy content.

  Fatigue: The ability of a metal or weld to withstand repeated loads. Fatigue failures occur at stress levels less than the metal or weld yield strength. Some things that can influence fatigue failure:

Excess weld profiles. Welds which cause undercut.

FCAW or SMAW slag inclusions. Lack of weld penetration. Excess weld heat, typically from multi-pass welds without inter-pass temp controls. Items to a part that adds restraint while welding. Items added to a part that can concentrate stresses in a specific location. Incorrect selection of filler metal, weld too weak or weld too strong.

Yield Tensile ksi ksi Description MPa MPa

Preheat Postheat

UNS

Chemistry weld data

ASTM A161

 

 

Carbon stl tubes

 

 

WELD MIG S3 - S6

ASTM A167

 

 

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS

 

 

 

A176

 

 

STAINLESS

 

 

 

A177

 

 

STAINLESS

 

 

308-308L

A178

 

 

Carbon stl tubes

 

 

70S-3-6

A179

 

 

Carbon stl tubes

 

 

70s-3-6

Steels

ASTM A181 Grades 1-2

Forgings

Carb 0.35 Mn0.9 Si 0.35 Grade 1-2 E70XX E70S-X E71T-1

Preheat >25MM 100f >50mm 200F

F2 Carb 0.21 Mn0.3/0.8 Si 0.1/0.6 Cu 0.5/0.8 Grade F1 E70XX E70S-X E71T-1

Preheat all grades except F1 at >25mm 100F 50mm 200F

ASTM A182 Grades F1/F2/ F11/F12 F22/F22A

High Temp fittings

Grade F1 <13mm 100F <25mm 200F >25mm 300F

GRADE F2 F11/F12 E8018-B2

Post heat req 1250F

grade F22/F22A E9018-B3

ASTM 184

 

 

Reinforcement bar

carbon stl low alloy

 

E8018-G - W 100 - 200F

ASTM 185

 

 

Reinforcement bar

low alloy

 

E8018-G-W 100 - 200F

ASTM 192

 

 

Tubes

carbon stl

 

E70S-3-6 100 - 200F

ASTM 193

 

 

Bolting

 

 

4 or 300 series 200 - 400F

ASTM 199

 

 

Tubes

Cr/Moly

 

9018B3 300 - 400F

ASTM 200

 

 

Tubes

Cr/Moly

 

200 - 600F

ASTM 202

 

 

Pressure vessel

low alloy

 

8018-G 9018-M 100 - 300F

ASTM (A) A203 >37 Grades a- 255 b-d-e (B) >40 275

(A) 65-85 586

Pressure vessel plates for cryogenic use. Nickel alloy steels

grades A-B-E <13mm 200F

(A) K21703

(D) >37 206

(D) 65-85 586

(E)

(E)

(B) 70-90 620

grades A-B-E <25mm 300F >25mm 400F grades D

(B) K22103 (D) K31718 (E) K32018

(A) Carb 0.17/0.23 Mn0.7/0.8 Si 0.15/0.4 Ni 2.1/2.5 (B) Carb 0.21/0.25 Mn0.7/0.8 Si 0.15/0.4 Ni 2.1/2.5

>40 275

70-90 620

<13mm 100F <25mm 200F >25mm 300F

(D) Carb 0.17/0.20 Mn0.7/0.8 Si 0.15/0.4 Ni 3.25/3.75

Post heat if carb >0.15 >13mm 1200F

(E) Carb 0.2/0.23 Mn0.7/0.8 Si 0.15/0.4 Ni 3.25/3.75

Post heat if carb <0.15 >25mm 1200F

Grades A-B E8018-C1 E80T5-Ni2 E80S-Ni2 Grades D-E-F E8018-C2 E80T5-Ni3 E80S-Ni3

ASTM A204 Grades ab-c

Grade A >37 255

Grade A 65-85 448

grade B >40 275

grade B 70-90 620

grade C >43 296

grade C 75-95 655

Preheat to 0.2 carb 25 to 50mm 100F >50mm 200F

Nickel Alloy Pressure vessel steels

Preheat 0.21-0.25 carb 13 to 25mm 100F >25mm 250F Preheat 0.26-0.28 carb <13 100F >25mm 300F

Grade A carb 0.25 Mn 0.9 Si 0.3 Ni 0.6 Mo 0.6 Grade B carb 0.27 Mn 0.9 grade A Si 0.3 K11820 Ni 0.6 Mo 0.6 grade B K12020 Grade C carb 0.28 grade C Mn 0.9 K12320 Si 0.3 Mo 0.45/0.6 Grades A-B E7018-A1 E70T5-A1 E8XT-A1 E70S-6

postheat req 1250F

Grade C E8018-C2

ASTM 209

 

 

Tubes

 

 

E70S-3-6 50 - 200F

ASTM 210

 

 

Tubes

Carbon stl

 

E70S-3-6

ASTM 211

 

 

Pipe

Carbon stl

 

E70S-3-6

 

8010 9018 308

ASTM 213

 

 

pre-heat 200 - 600 F

ASTM 214

ASTM A216 WCA WCB WCC

ASTM A217 WC1-WC4 WC5-WC6 WC9WC11

Tubes

Chrome Moly and stainless

Tubes

Carbon stls

E70S-3-6 WCA E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3

 

 

High tem cast fittings

 

 

 

 

Steel castings

post heat req 1250F

 

preheat WC1 <50mm 150F >50mm 250F preheat WC4-WC5 <13mm 200F >13mm 350F

WCB-WCC E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3 E10018-M WC1 E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3 WC4-WC5 E8018-B2 WC9 E9018-B3 WC6-WC11 E8018-B2

preheat WC9 500F preheat WC6 WC11 <15% carb <25mm 150F >25mm 250F >13mm 350F preheat WC6 WC11 to 21% carb <25mm 300F >25mm 400F

Lamellar Tearing: When welding, the weld shrinkage stresses impose tensile strains in the steel plate or on inclusions paralleled to the plate surface. The tensile strains can separate the inclusions causing cracks. Excessive strains can further elongate the cracks. Carbon, manganese and low alloy steels made at the mill with inadequate deoxidization are sensitive to lamellar tearing. The potential for lamellar tearing increases with the amount of inclusions in the plates being welded. Of special concern is when the inclusions are parallel to the plate surface. More data in ASTM A770 / A770M Standard Spec for through thickness tension testing of steel plates.

  Weld Question: When you see an electrode recommendation such as E8018-C1, who is the best reference source to convert that stick electrode to a flux cored or MIG wire?

Answer: I believe Alloy rods, (ESAB) Kobelco and Tri Mark, flux cored manufacturers have good reference data for this subject.

Steels

Yield ksi MPa

ASTM A225 A-B-C-D

(C) >70 482

Tensile ksi MPa

(D) <75mm >60

(C) 105-135 930

(D) >75mm >55

(D) <75mm 80-115 792 (D) >75mm 75-100 689

Description

Preheat Postheat

Pressure vessel plate bar shapes Mn Vanadium Ni alloy steels

preheat to 0.15 carb >50mm 100F

grade A K11803

preheat to 0.15/0.2 carb >50mm 100F >50mm 200F

grade C K12524

preheat >0.21 carb <13mm 100F >13mm 150F post heat treat 1150F

UNS

grade B K12003

Chemistry weld data Grade A carb 0.18 Mn 1.45 Si 0.1-0.3 V 0.09/0.14 Grade B carb 0.2 Mn 1.45 Si 0.1-0.3 V 0.09/0.14 Grade C carb 0.25 Mn 1.6 Si 0.1-0.3 Ni 0.4/0.7 V 0.1/0.2 Grade D carb 0.2 Mn 1.7 Si 0.1-0.5 Ni 0.4/0.7 V 0.18 grade A-B 8018-C3 E80S-Ni E80T1-B2 grade C E11018-M

E100S-1 E110T5-K3 grade D E10018-M E100S-1

ASTM 226

ASTM A234 WPAWPB WPCWP1 WP11

 

 

Tubes carbon   stl

 

E70S-3-6 grades wpa-wpb wpc E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3

 

 

Wrought weld fittings

 

 

grades wp1 E70XX-A1 E7XT-1 E70S-3 grades wp11 E8018-B2

ASTM A235 A-C-C1 E-F-F1-G

grades A-C E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3

 

 

Industrial forgings

 

 

grades C1-E-F-F1 E8018-C3 grades G E8018-B2 grades AB E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3

ASTM A236 A-B-C-D E-F-G-H

 

 

Railroad forgings

 

 

grades C-D-E E8018-C3 grades F-G E8018-B2 E8018-C3 grade H E11018-M grades AB E8018-C3

ASTM A237 A-B-C-D E-C1

 

 

Industrial forgings

 

 

grades C-D E8018-B2 grades C1-E E11018-M grades A E8018-C3

ASTM A238 A-B-C D-E

 

 

Railroad forgings

 

 

grades B-C E8018-B2 grades C-D-E E11018-M

ASTM 240

 

ASTM A242 1-2

42-50 344

 

Pressure Vessels

 

 

austenitic

pre heat 25-50mm 50F >50mm 150F

Type 1 K11510

Canadian CSA G40.21 50R Often call Corten A

stainless 63-70 482

High stength low alloy structural steel to 100mm In hot rolled state

Type 2 K12010

Type 1 Carb 0.15 Mn 1.0

Type 2 Carb 0.2 Mn 1.35 E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3 Unpainted weathering steel E8018-W E80T1-W

ASTM A243 A-C-C1 E-F-F1-GH-I-J-K

Grades A-C-C1 E70XX E7XT-1 E70S-3

 

 

Ring and disc forgings

 

 

Grades E-F-H-1 E8018-C3 Grades F1-G-J-K E8018-B2

ASTM A245

 

 

Structural sheets

 

 

E60XX E70XX E7XT-1 E70S-3

Toughness:The ability of the metal or weld sample at a predetermined temperature to withstand a shock. The test for toughness measures the impact of a pendulum on a notched specimen. You may see that the required impact properties for the metal or weld are 20ft-lbf @ -20 F (27 j @ -29C)

Weld Question: Ed. Which should be the greater concern rust or mill scale.

Answer: Mill scale causes much more weld issues than rust. Mill scale will effect [1] the weld fusion potential, [2] the weld travel rates attained, [3] the weld appearance, [4] the weld mode, [5] the arc stability, [6] weld pororisity [7] weld spatter formation.

Ductility: The amount that a metal or weld will deform without breaking. Ductility is measured on welds by the % of elongation in 2 inch (51 mm) test piece. An E71T-1 flux cored electrode should result in a minimum of 20% elongation. An E70S-6 MIG weld should produce 22% elongation.

Steels

Yield Tensile ksi ksi MPa MPa

Description

Preheat Postheat

UNS

Chemistry weld data

ASTM 249

 

 

Tubes stainless

 

 

austenitic

ASTM 250

 

 

Tubes C/Mo

 

 

100 -200F 7018A1

ASTM A252

 

 

AISI specifications

 

 

E70XX E7XT-1 E70S-3

ASTM A266 1-2-3

 

 

Drum forgings

 

 

grades 1-2 E70XX E7XT-1

E70S-3 grade 3 8018-C3

ASTM 268

 

 

Tubes stainless

 

 

410 - 409 300 - 400F

ASTM 269

 

 

Tubes stainless

 

 

300 series

ASTM 270

 

 

Tubes stainless

 

 

308

ASTM 271

 

 

Tubes stainless

 

 

308 -316 347

ASTM A276 Type 410

 

 

Stainless see stainless

 

 

 

 

E70XX E7XT-1 E70S-3-6

ASTM A283 A-B-C-D

grade A grade >24 A 165 45-55 379 grade B grade 27 B 186 50-60 4136 grade C grade 3O C 206 55- 65 448 grade D grade >33 D 227 60-72 496

preheat carb 0.25/0.3 >25mm 100F

Low to intermediate tensile steel preheat plate. Canadian carb G40.21 33G 0.31/0.35 >13mm 100F >25mm 200F

 

grade A grade A >25 >50 172 344

ASTM A284 A-B-C-D

grade B grade B >27 >55 189 379 grade C grade C >30 >60 206 413 grade grade D D >60 >33 413 227

preheat carb 0.2/0.25 >50mm 100F preheat carb 0.26/0.3 25/50mm 100F >50mm Low to medium 200F tensile carbon steel plates preheat carb >0.3 >13mm 100F >25mm 250F

grade A K-1804 grade B K02001 grade C K02401 grade D K02702

ASTM A285 A-B-C

grade C carb 0.36 Mn 0.9 grade D carb 0.35 Mn 0.9

If carb over 0.31 >25mm post heat 1200F grade A carb 0.17 Mn 0.9 Cu 0.2/0.35

  grade   A >24 Grade A 165 45 - 65 448 grade B >27 186 grade B 50 - 70 grade 482 C >30 206 grade C 50 - 75 517

grade A-B carb 0.24 Mn 0.9

grade A K01700 Preheat Low to medium carb >0.26 tensile >25mm pressure vessel 100F plate to 50mm

grade B K02200 grade C K02801

 

grade B carb 0.22 Mn 0.9 Cu 0.2/0.35 grade C carb 0.28 Mn 0.9 Cu 0.2/0.35 E70XX E70S-6-3 E7XT-1

ASTM 288

 

 

Forging carbon stl and   low alloy stl

 

7018 9018 11018.

ASTM 289

 

 

Forging alloy stl

 

 

chrome mang

ASTM

 

 

Castings

 

 

308 -310-

297

330 carb to 0.2 preheat >25mm 150F Carb 0.2/ 0.25 preheat >13/25mm 100F >25mm 150F

ASTM A299 A-B-C

40-42 75-95 275517-655 289

Carb 0.26/ 0.3 Carbon Mn Si preheat Pressure vessel <13mm plates 100F <25mm 200F >25mm 300F

carb 0.28/0.3 Mn 0.9/1.15 Si 0.15/0.4

K02803

E70XX E7XT-1 E70S-3-6

  For improved impacts E8018-C3 E80T-1-Ni1

Carb <0.2 to 13mm post heat not req Carb >0.2 post heat req 1150F

      Weld Question: Ed. I have welded parts at Caterpillar plants. They weld many of the ASTM steels listed here. They rarely use pre-heat even on the very thick steels. Why do they not comply with the ASTM specs heat treat requirements? Answer: "A spec is only a spec" No code or specification body takes responsibility for what is written in their codes or specifications. Specifications are set of guidelines. In the case of the ASTM specs the heat treat recommendations are to make the weld properties conform with the base metal properties yet many times its not practical or logical to do this. If an organization produces multi-pass welds, the multi pass heat input act the same as a post heat treatment and the extra passes will have an extensive influence on the mechanical properties of the welds and the base metals. Qualification of the multi-pass welds and HAZ with the specific weld procedures utilized always will have far more relevance than a specification which was typically written for a single pass weld.

 

Steels

ASTM A300 1-2

Yield Tensile ksi ksi MPa MPa

 

 

Description

Low temp pressure vessel

Preheat Postheat

 

UNS

 

Chemistry weld data grade 1 E70XX E7XT-1 E70S-3-6 grade 2 E8018-C1

ASTM A302 A-B

 

ASTM A306 45-50-55 60-65-70 75-80

 

ASTM A311

 

 

 

pressure vessel steel

Carbon steel bars

 

 

 

E8018-B2

 

grades 45-50-55 60-65-70 E70XX E7XT-1 E70S-3-6 grades 75-80 E8018-C1

 

corresponds to AISI SAE steels 1137

 

 

grades 1018-1117

Check out AISI weld and heat treat data

E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3-6 grades 1035-1045 1050 E10018-M E100T1-K3 grades 1137 to 1144 E11O18-M E110T5-K2

ASTM 312

 

300 series stainless pipe

 

 

 

 

ASTM A321

50-75 85-110 344586-758 517

corresponds to AISI SAE steels

 

 

high carb 0.55 max Mn 0.6/0.9 Si 0.15/0.35 E9018-M E90T1-K2 E80S-D2

ASTM A328

 

 

steel sheet pilings

 

 

E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3-6

 

corresponds to AISI SAE steel bars A322 over 70 AISI designations

 

 

 

ASTM A322

ASTM A328

 

 

steel sheet pilings

 

ASTM A331

 

 

corresponds to AISI SAE steel bars A322 over 80 AISI designations

ASTM A333 A334

 

 

carbon steel and low alloy pipe

carb 0.32/0.39 Mn 0.7/0.9 Cu 0.2

carb 0.3 TO 0.4 >13mm 100F

 

 

 

 

 

 

E8018

E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3-6

      Hardness. The resistance of the metal or the weld to penetration. The resistance of the metal or the weld to penetration. Hardness is related to the strength of the metal. A good way to test a weld after the weld and heat treatment are complete is to test the hardness of weld and the base metal surrounding the weld.

Steels

Yield Tensile ksi ksi MPa MPa

Description

ASTM A335

 

Cr Mo Pipe  

ASTM A336 F1-F12

 

Preheat Postheat

UNS

Chemistry weld data

 

  grade F1 E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3-6

Alloy drum forgings

grade F12 E8018-B2 ASTM A350 LF1-LF12

LF1 - LF2 preheat <25mm 100F

E8018-C1 E8018-C3 E80T1-Ni1

>25mm 200F LF3 - LF5 preheat <25mm 100F >25mm 200F

ASTM 351

 

 

Stainless castings

 

 

preheat grades LCA-LCBLCC <0.25 carb >25mm 50F >50mm 100F

Grades LCALCB E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3-6

preheat LCB 0.26/0.3 carb <25mm 50F >25mm 100F

ASTM A352 LCA-LCB LCC-LC1 LC2

low temp steel castings

308 310 316

Grades LC1 E7018-A1

preheat LC1 <25mm 100F >50mm 300F

Grades LC23 E8018-C1 E8XT1-Ni2

preheat LC2-3-4 carb max 0.15 <25mm 100F >25mm 250F

Post heat desirable 1150F

preheat LC2-3-4 carb max 0.25 <13mm 150F >13mm 250F >25mm 325F

Carb 0.13 Mn 0.9 Si 0.15/0.4 Ni 8.5/9.5

ASTM A353

>75 517

100-120 689-827

9% Nickel pressure vessel steel plate

preheat <25mm 50F K81340 >25mm 150F

ENiCrFe-3 INCO 182 ENiCrFe-2 INCO-A ERNiCr-3 INCO 82 or ERNiCrFe-6 INCO 92 E309/E310 often used grade 1 E7018 E7XT-1 E70S-3-6

ASTM A356 1-2-5-69-10

grade 2 E7018-A1 E8018-C3

Steam turbine castings

grade 5 E8018-B2 E90T1-D3 grade 6-9-10 E8018-B2 E80T1-B2

A358 ASTM A361

 

 

Austenitic Stainless pipe

 

 

  E60XX E70XX E70S-3

Galvanized sheet

      Weld Questions. Do you have the instant answers? What do you think the optimum wire feed and weld voltage range is for welding with an E70T-1 1/16 062 flux cored wire welding a common 6 mm - 1/4 fillet weld. The answers are in my books.

Steels

Yield ksi MPa

Tensile ksi MPa

Description

Preheat Postheat

UNS

Chemistry weld data

ASTM A366

 

 

Carbon steel sheets

 

 

E60XX E70XX E70S/3-6

ASTM 369

 

 

Carbon stl and Cr Mo Pipe

 

 

see pipe Grade 1 E7018 E70S-3-6 E7XT-1

ASTM A372 1-2-3-4

 

 

Pressure vessel forgings

 

 

grade 2 E8018-C3 grade 3 E8018-B2 grade 4 E11018-M

ASTM A374 A375

 

 

Low alloy steel strip

 

 

E7018 E70S-3/6 E7XT-1

ASTM 376

 

 

Austenitic Stainless pipe  

 

see pipe

ASTM 381

 

 

carbon stl pipe

 

7018 E70S-6

 

grade 2 K121143

ASTM A387 2-5-7-9 11-12-21 21-22

grade 2 >33 Annealed grade 2 >45 normalized

grade 2 PREHEAT to O 0.15 carb <25mm 200F

grade 2 55-80 Annealed

pressure vessel plate Cr Mo available grade 2 in annealed 70 - 90 normalized normalized state

grade 2 PREHEAT > O 0.16 carb <25mm 300F >25mm 400F grade 2 post heat 1200F

grade 5 K415445 grade 7 S50300 grade 9 S50400 grade 11 K11789 grade 12 K11757 grade 21 K31545

grade 2 carb 0.2 Mn 0.55/0.8 Si 0.4 Cr 0.5/0.8 Mo 0.45/0.6 grade 2-12 E8018-B2 E80T1-B2 grade 21-22 E9018-b3 E90t1-b3

grade 22 K21590 ASTM A389 C23 A391 Grade 80

high tem castings

Alloy

E8018-B2 higher strength than A413 chains can be used for overhead lifts

 

 

 

    Ed in Thailand managing a Textron project. The mission fix a 276,000 psi tensile steel armor plate,mult-million dollar welding problem:

This USA Textron tank was made out of 275.000 ksi tensile, armor steel. Due to lack of weld manufacturing management, some parts were welded in the wrong location between the tank tracks. These welded parts were subject to abnormal stresses from the tracks and resulted in numerous cracks when the tanks were field tested in Thailand. If you tried to repair the armor plate cracked welds which had extensive martensitic formation in their HAZ, more cracks would instantly occur from the weld repair heat input. What would you recommend to resolve this multi-million dollar issue. This was my first consulting job and it was a real welding challenge.

If you are teaching your self, or providing weld process control training for others, the following resources are the key to attaining MIG and flux cored weld process optimization. Item.1. The Book: "A Management & Engineers Guide To MIG Weld Quality, Productivity & Costs" Item 2. A unique robot MIG training or self teaching resource. "Optimum Robot MIG Welds from Weld Process Controls". Item 3. A unique MIG training or self teaching resource. " Manual MIG Weld Process Optimization from Weld Process Controls". Item. 4. A unique flux cored training or self teaching resource. "Optimum Manual and Automated Flux Cored Plate and Pipe welds. Item 5a."Proceso de Soldadura MIG Manual" (MIG Made Simple. Self teaching in Spanish) Item 6a. The Self Teaching MIG Book/ Video. (MIG Made Simple in English). Note: Items 2-3-4 are the most comprehensive process control, self teaching and training programs ever developed.. Visit Ed's MIG / flux cored process control books and CD training resources.

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