Arteries

The cardiovascular system Organization 

Heart

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Artery (a.)

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Veins (v.)

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Capillary

Blood circulation 

Systemic circulation

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Pulmonary circulation

The Arteries Guiqiong He Department of Anatomy Chongqing Medical University

Characteristics of the arteries 

The larger arteries usually occupy the most protected situations, running, in the limbs, along the flexor surface, where they are less exposed to injury

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segmental and intersegmental in character. The intersegmental character of the intercostal and lumbar vessels is obvious.

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The intersegmental a.& v. are bilaterally symmetrical vessels.

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The arteries in the trunk of the body consist of parietal and visceral branches.

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Take the shortest possible course.

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Run together with v. and n. in a sheath of fascia to form neurovascular bundle.

Vascular anastomosis

which means the arteries do not end in capillaries, but communicate with one another to form the anastomoses.

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A-A type: Anastomosis between a.

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V-V type: Anastomosis between v.

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A-V type: Anastomosis between a.& v.

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Collateral vessels and collateral circulation

Rectal venous plexus

I. Arteries of pulmonary circulation convey the deoxygenated blood from the RV to the lungs

Pulmonary trunk ← Conus arteriosus of RV 

Arises from right ventricle

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Runs up, back ,and to the left

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Bifurcates inferior to aortic arch into right and left pulmonary arteries, one for each lung

※arterial lig., lies between the root of the

left pulmonary a. and aortic arch, which is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus

II. Arteries of systemic circulation convey the oxygenated blood from LV to various tissues and organs of the body.

Aorta: is the main trunk of the series of arteries, divided into 3 parts 

Ascending aorta

-coronary a. 

Aortic arch 

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Brachiocephalic trunk

Sternal angle

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right common carotid a. Ascending

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right subclavian a.

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Left common carotid a.

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Left subclavian a.

Descending aorta 

Thoracic aorta

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Abdominal aorta

Aortic arch

aorta

Descending aorta

i. Arteries of head and neck Blood supply comes mainly from the common carotid a. and partly from the subclavian a. 

Common carotid a. 

External carotid a. - sup. thyroid a. - lingiual a. - facial a. - ascending pharyngeal a. - occipital a. - superficial temporal a. - maxillary a. →middle meninges a.

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Internal carotid a.: enter the cranial cavity to supply the brain. (※ without giving off branches in the neck)

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Carotid sinus It is a dilatation at the point of the bifurcation of common carotid a., acting as a pressoreceptor, which reacts to changes of the arterial blood.

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Carotid glomus It is a small, reddish-brown structure behind the bifurcation of the common carotid a., acting as a chemoreceptor, which responds to changes in the composition of the blood, eg. O2/CO2

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Subclavian a.: right subclavian a. arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, while the left one from the aortic arch.

-vertebral a. : enter the skull through foramen magnum to supply brain

-internal thoracic a. ◇ musculophrenic a. ◇ sup. epigastric a.

-thyrocervical trunk ◇ inf. thyroid a. ◇ suprascapular a. ◇ costocervical trunk

ii. Arteries of upper limb Blood supply comes from the subclavian a. -thoracoacromial a.

Subclavian a.

-lateral thoracic a. -subscapular a. -Ant.& post. circumflex humeral a

Axillary a. Brachial a.

Radial a. Superficial palmar branch

Deep brachial a.

Ulnar a. deep palmar branch

radial a.

Ulnar a. Deep palmar arch Sup. palmar arch

Superficial palmar arch

deep palmar arch

iii. Arteries of thorax Blood supply comes from the thoracic aorta.

Parietal branches

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posterior intercostals a.(9 pairs)

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subcostal a. (1 pair)

Visceral branches

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Bronchial a.

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Esophageal a.

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Pericardial a.

iV. Arteries of abdomen Blood supply comes from the abdominal aorta. 

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Parietal branches 

Inf. prenic a.(1 pair)

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Lumbar a.(4 pairs)

Visceral branches 

Paired branches -Middle suprarenal artery -Renal artery -Testicular (ovarian) artery

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Visceral branches 

cystic a.

Unpaired branches

right gastric a.

left gastric a.

-Celiac trunk

common hepatic a.

right branch

proper hepatic a.

Left branch

Gastroduodenal a.

right gastroomental a. left gastroomental a.

splenic a.

short gastric a. pancreatic a.

-Superior mesenteric a.

jejunal and ileal a. ileocolic a.

appendicular a.

right and middle colic a.

-Inferior mesenteric a.

left colic a. and sigmoid a. Superior rectal a.

Left gastric a.

inferior mesenteric a. splenic a.

Superior mesenteric a. Common hepatic a.

V. Arteries of pelvis Blood supply comes from common iliac a., it divides into internal & external iliac a. 

Internal iliac a.

-parietal branch ◇ sup. & inf. gluteal a. ◇ obturator a. - Visceral branch ◇ inf. rectal a. ◇ uterine a./ testicular a. ◇ internal pudendal a. 

External iliac a.

Vi. Arteries of lower limb Blood supply comes from external iliac a.

External iliac a.

lateral femoral circuflex a.

Femoral a.

medial femoral circuflex a.

deep femoral a.

perforating a. peroneal a.

Popliteal a.

Posterior tibial a.

med. plantar a. lat. plantar a.

Anterior tibial a.

dorsal a. of foot

Questions 

The arterial blood supply of brain comes from _________and _______ artery

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The largest branch of aortic arch is __________.

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Superior rectal a. arises from____________, appendicular a. arises from ____________, left gastric a. arises from______.

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When the drug was injected into the vein in the back of hand, finally it was discharged from the urine. Describe the pathway of the drug in the body.

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True or False All of the arteries contain oxygen-rich blood, while all of the veins contain oxygen-poor blood.