Apush Outline

APUSH America in WWII Chapter 36 I. Industrial Production A. The U.S government organized a number of special agencies to mobilize U.S economic and military resources for the wartime crisis. 1. The War Production Board (WPA) was established to manage war industries. 2. The Office of War Mobilization (OWM) set production priorities and controlled raw materials. a. The government used a cost- plus system, in which it paid war contractors the cost of production plus a certain percentage for profit. 3. The Office of Price Administration (OPA) regulated prices, wages and rationing on materials like sugar, gasoline and meat. B. Due to the wartime demand in government contracts, the Great Depression was over. 1. By 1944 unemployment had practically disappeared. C. The fear that strikes would slow down the production caused Congress to pass the Smith-Conally Anti-Strike Act (1943). D. The war was financed by: 1. Increasing income tax. 2. Selling war bonds. II. The War’s Impact on Society A. African Americans. 1.Many left the South attracted by jobs in the North and the West. 2. Blacks still faced discrimination as citizens and soldiers. 3. The Smith vs. Allwright case ruled that it was unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to blacks. B. Mexican Americans 1.In 1942, an agreement with Mexico allowed Mexican farm workers (braceros) to enter the U.S. a. Caused white resentment against the Mexicans causing riots. C. Women 1. Some 20,000 women served in the military in noncombat roles 2. An acute labor shortage caused women to take up jobs in industrial factories again like many had in WWI. D. Native Americans

1.Many entered the military and never went back to the reservations. 2.Were mainly used to communicate in their native tongues on the battle fields so Germans couldn’t understand them. III. The Election of 1944 A. The election of 1944 did not consume people’s attention due to the war. B. Many felt that there shouldn’t be a change in leadership. 1. The case was different in choosing FDR’s running mate. a. Democrats believed Henry Wallace to be too radical. b. Went on to nominate the senator Harry S. Truman from Missouri. C. Republicans nominated the New York governor Thomas Dewey. 1. Was unable to any real alternative to FDR’s leadership or generate enthusiasm. D. FDR won his fourth term with an overwhelming 53% of the popular vote and a 432-99 in the Electoral College. 1. About 3 months after the inauguration, FDR would pass away, the rest of his term served by Truman.