Apush Legit Chart

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) Date 1820

Event Tallmadge amendme nt & The Missouri Compromi se

Description - Sectional tensions, involving rivalry between the slave south and the free north over control of the beckoning West, were stunningly revealed in 1819. In that year the territory of Missouri knocked on the doors of congress for admission as a slave state. This fertile and well-watered area contained sufficient population to warrant statehood. But the house of representatives stymied the plans of the Missourians by passing the incendiary Tallmadge amendment. It stipulated that no more slaves should be brought into Missouri and also provided for the gradual emancipation of children born to slave parents already there. - Deadlock in Washington was at length broken in 1820 by the time honored solution of compromise- actually a bundle of three compromises. Courtly Henry Clay of Kentucky, gifited conciliator, played a leading role. Congress, despite abolitionist pleas, agreed to admit Missouri as a slave state. But at the same time, free soil Maine, which until then had been a part of Massachusetts, was admitted as a separate state. The balance between north and south was thus kept at twelve states each and remained there for fifteen years. The horse-trading

Impact on North/ South Relations - A roar of anger burst from slave holding southerners. They were joined by many depression- cursed pioneers who favored unhampered expansion of the West and by many northerners, especially diehard Federalist, who were eager to use the issue to break the back of the “Virginia dynasty”. Southerners saw in the Tallmadge amendment, which they eventually managed to defeat in the senate, an ominous threat to sectional balance. - The South won the prize of Missouri as an unrestricted slave state. They North won the concession that Congress could forbid slavery in the remaining territories. More gratifying to many northerners was the fact that the immense area north of 36 30, except Missouri was forever closed to the blight of slavery. Yet the restriction on future slavery in the territories was no unduly offensive to the slave-owners, partly because the northern prairie land did not seem suited to slave labor. Even so, a majority of southern congressmen still voted against the compromise. Neither north nor south was acutely displeased, although neither was completely happy. The Missouri compromise lasted thirtyfour years- a vital formative period in the life of the young republic- and during that time it preserved the shaky compact of the states.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do)

Nullificatio n Crisis

adjustment was politically even handed, though denounced by extremists on each side as a “dirty bargain.” Both north and south yielded something; both gained something. The stage was set for a showdown. Through Jackson’s first term, the nullifier’s“nullies”, they were calledtried strenuously to muster the necessary two- thirds vote for nullification in the South Carolina legislature. But they were blocked by a determined minority of unionists, scorned as “submission men.” Back in Washington, congress tipped the balance by passing the new tariff of 1832. Though it pared away the worst “abominations” of 1828, it was still frankly protective and fell short of meeting southern demands. Worse yet, to many southerners it had a disquieting air of permanence. The nullification crisis deepened. South Carolina was now nerved for drastic action. Nullifiers and unionist clashed head- on in the state election of 1832. “Nullies,” defiantly wearing palmetto ribbons on their hats to mark their loyalty to the “palmetto state,” emerged with more than two- thirds majority. The state legislature then called for a special convention. Several weeks later the delegates, meeting in Columbia, solemnly declared the existing tariff to

The compromise Tariff of 1833 finally squeezed through congress. Debate was bitter, with most of the opposition naturally coming from protectionist New England and the Middle States. Calhoun and the south favored compromise, so it was evident that Jackson would not have to use firearms and rope. But at the same time, and partly as a facesaving device, Congress passed the force bill, known among Carolinians as the “bloody Bill.” It authorized the president to use the army and navy if necessary, to collect federal tariff duties. South Carolinians welcomed this opportunity to extricate themselves from a dangerously tight corner without loss of face. To the consternation of Calhounites, no other southerner states had sprung to their support, though Georgia and Virginia toyed with the idea. Moreover, an appreciable Unionist minority within South Carolina was gathering guns, organizing militias, and nailing stars and stripes and flagpoles. Faced with civil war within and invasion from without, the Columbia convention met again and replaced the ordinance of nullification. As a final but futile gesture of fist- shaking, it nullified the unnecessary Force Bill and adjourned. Neither Jackson nor the “nullies” won a clear- cut victory in 1833. Clay was the true hero of the hour, hailed in Charleston and Boston alike for saving the country. Armed with conflict had been avoided, but the fundamental issues had not been resolved. When

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do)

Texas Annexatio n

be null and void within South Carolina. As a further act of defiance, the convention threatened to take South Carolina out of the union if Washington attempted to collect the customs duties by force. Texans voted in favor of annexation to the United States in the first election following independence in 1836. However, throughout the Republic period (18361845) no treaty of annexation negotiated between the Republic and the United States was ratified by both nations. When all attempts to arrive at a formal annexation treaty failed, the United States Congress passed--after much debate and only a simple majority--a Joint Resolution for Annexing Texas to the United States. Under these terms, Texas would keep both its public lands and its public debt, it would have the power to divide into four additional states "of convenient size" in the future if it so desired, and it would deliver all military, postal, and customs facilities and authority to the United States government. (Neither this joint resolution or the ordinance passed by the Republic of Texas' Annexation Convention gave Texas the right to secede.) In July 1845, a popularly-

next the “nullies” and the union clashed, compromise would prove more elusive.

Opposition to Texas' admission to the United States was particularly strong in the North during this period. If a challenge to the constitutionality of the move could have been made successfully at that time, there is little doubt that the leaders of the opposition would have instituted such a suit in the Supreme Court.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) elected Constitutional Convention met in Austin to consider both this annexation proposal as well as a proposed peace treaty with Mexico which would end the state of war between the two nations, but only if Texas remained an independent country. The Convention voted to accept the United States' proposal, and the Annexation Ordinance was submitted to a popular vote in October 1845. The proposed Annexation Ordinance and State Constitution were approved by the Texas voters and submitted to the United States Congress. The United States House and Senate, in turn, accepted the Texas state constitution in a Joint Resolution to Admit Texas as a State which was signed by the president on December 29, 1845. Although the formal transfer of government did not occur until February 19, 1846, Texas statehood dates from the 29th of December.

War with Mexico Mexican Secession Wilmont

The U.S.-Mexican War— (1846-1848): The Mexican-American War was the first major conflict driven by the idea of "Manifest Destiny"; the belief

Congress approved the declaration of war on May 13th, with southern Democrats in strong support. Sixtyseven Whigs voted against the war on a key slavery amendment, but on the final passage only 14 Whigs voted no, including Rep. John Quincy Adams.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) Proviso

that America had a God-given right, or destiny, to expand the country's borders from 'sea to shining sea'. This belief would eventually cause a great deal of suffering for many Mexicans, Native Americans and United States citizens. Following the earlier Texas War of Independence from Mexico, tensions between the two largest independent nations on the North American continent grew as Texas eventually became a U.S. state. Disputes over the border lines sparked military confrontation, helped by the fact that President Polk eagerly sought a war in order to seize large tracts of land from Mexico. CAUSES OF CONFLICT: The war between the United States and Mexico had two basic causes. First, the desire of the U.S. to expand across the North American continent to the Pacific Ocean caused conflict with all of its neighbors; from the British in Canada and Oregon to the Mexicans in the southwest and, of course, with the Native Americans. Ever since President Jefferson's acquisition of the Louisiana Territory in 1803, Americans migrated westward in ever increasing numbers, often into lands not belonging to the United States. By the time

Most Whigs in the North and South opposed it; most Democrats supported it. Southern Democrats, animated by a popular belief in Manifest Destiny, supported it in hopes of adding territory to the South and avoiding being outnumbered by the faster-growing North.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) President Polk came to office in 1845, an idea called "Manifest Destiny" had taken root among the American people, and the new occupant of the White House was a firm believer in the idea of expansion. The belief that the U.S. basically had a God-given right to occupy and "civilize" the whole continent gained favor as more and more Americans settled the western lands. The fact that most of those areas already had people living upon them was usually ignored, with the attitude that democratic English-speaking America, with its high ideals and Protestant Christian ethics, would do a better job of running things than the Native Americans or Spanishspeaking Catholic Mexicans. Manifest Destiny did not necessarily call for violent expansion. In both 1835 and 1845, the United States offered to purchase California from Mexico, for $5 million and $25 million, respectively. The Mexican government refused the opportunity to sell half of its country to Mexico's most dangerous neighbor.

The second basic cause of the war was the Texas War of Independence and the subsequent annexation of that area to the United States.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) Not all American westward migration was unwelcome. In the 1820's and 1830's, Mexico, newly independent from Spain, needed settlers in the underpopulated northern parts of the country. An invitation was issued for people who would take an oath of allegiance to Mexico and convert to Catholicism, the state religion. Thousands of Americans took up the offer and moved, often with slaves, to the Mexican province of Texas. Soon however, many of the new "Texicans" or "Texians" were unhappy with the way the government in Mexico City tried to run the province. In 1835, Texas revolted, and after several bloody battles, the Mexican President, Santa Anna, was forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco in 1836 . This treaty gave Texas its independence, but many Mexicans refused to accept the legality of this document, as Santa Anna was a prisoner of the Texans at the time. The Republic of Texas and Mexico continued to engage in border fights and many people in the United States openly sympathized with the U.S.-born Texans in this conflict. As a result of the savage frontier fighting, the American public developed a very negative stereotype against the Mexican people and government. Partly due to the continued hostilities with Mexico, Texas decided to

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) join with the United States, and on July 4, 1845, the annexation gained approval from the U.S. Congress.

Mexico of course did not like the idea of its breakaway province becoming an American state, and the undefined and contested border now became a major international issue. Texas, and now the United States, claimed the border at the Rio Grande River. Mexico claimed territory as far north as the Nueces River. Both nations sent troops to enforce the competing claims, and a tense standoff ensued. On April 25, 1846, a clash occurred between Mexican and American troops on soil claimed by both countries. The war had begun. DESCRIPTION OF CONFLICT: The Mexican-American War was largely a conventional conflict fought by traditional armies consisting of infantry, cavalry and artillery using established European-style tactics. As American forces penetrated into the Mexican heartland, some of the defending forces resorted to guerrilla tactics to harass the invaders, but these irregular

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) forces did not greatly influence the outcome of the war. After the beginning of hostilities, the U.S. military embarked on a three-pronged strategy designed to seize control of northern Mexico and force an early peace. Two American armies moved south from Texas, while a third force under Colonel Stephen Kearny traveled west to Sante Fe, New Mexico and then to California. In a series of battles at Palo Alto and Resaca de Palma (near current-day Brownsville, Texas), the army of General Zachary Taylor defeated the Mexican forces and began to move south after inflicting over a thousand casualties. In July and August of 1846, the United States Navy seized Monterey and Los Angeles in California. In September, 1846, Taylor's army fought General Ampudia's forces for control of the northern Mexican city of Monterey in a bloody three-day battle. Following the capture of the city by the Americans, a temporary truce ensued which enabled both armies to recover from the exhausting Battle of Monterey. During this time, former President Santa Anna returned to Mexico from exile and raised and trained a new army of over 20,000 men to oppose the invaders. Despite the

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) losses of huge tracts of land, and defeat in several major battles, the Mexican government refused to make peace. It became apparent to the Polk Administration that only a complete battlefield victory would end the war. Continued fighting in the dry deserts of northern Mexico convinced the United States that an overland expedition to capture of the enemy capital, Mexico City, would be hazardous and difficult. To this end, General Winfield Scott proposed what would become the largest amphibious landing in history, (at that time), and a campaign to seize the capital of Mexico. On March 9, 1847, General Scott landed with an army of 12,000 men on the beaches near Veracruz, Mexico's most important eastern port city. From this point, from March to August, Scott and Santa Anna fought a series of bloody, hard-fought battles from the coast inland toward Mexico City. The more important battles of this campaign include the Battles of : Cerro Gordo (April 18), Contreras (August 20), Churubusco (August 20), Molino del Rey (September 8) and Chapultepec (September 13). Finally, on September 14, the American army entered Mexico City. The city's populace offered some

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) resistance to the occupiers, but by mid-October, the disturbances had been quelled and the U.S. Army enjoyed full control. Following the city's occupation, Santa Anna resigned the presidency but retained command of his army. He attempted to continue military operations against the Americans, but his troops, beaten and disheartened, refused to fight. His government soon asked for his military resignation. Guerrilla operations continued against Scott's lines of supply back to Veracruz, but this resistance proved ineffective. On February 2, 1848, The Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo was signed, later to be ratified by both the U.S. and Mexican Congresses. The treaty called for the annexation of the northern portions of Mexico to the United States. In return, the U.S. agreed to pay $15 million to Mexico as compensation for the seized territory. The bravery of the individual Mexican soldier goes a long way in explaining the difficulty the U.S. had in prosecuting the war. Mexican military leadership was often lacking, at least when compared to the American leadership. And in many of the battles, the superior cannon of the U.S. artillery divisions and the innovative tactics of their officers turned

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) the tide against the Mexicans. The war cost the United States over $100 million, and ended the lives of 13,780 U.S. military personnel. America had defeated its weaker and somewhat disorganized southern neighbor, but not without paying a terrible price. The “Mexican Cession” refers to lands surrendered, or ceded, to the United States by Mexico at the end of the Mexican War. The terms of this transfer were spelled out in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848. To the United States, this massive land grab was significant because the question of extending slavery into newly acquired territories had become the leading national political issue. To Mexico, the loss of an enormous part of its territory was a tremendous embarrassment and created lasting anger among many of its citizens. Wilmot Proviso, 1846, amendment to a bill put before the U.S. House of Representatives during the Mexican War; it provided an appropriation of $2 million to enable President Polk to negotiate a territorial settlement with Mexico. David Wilmot introduced an

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do)

Compromi se of 1850 Fugitive Slave Laws

amendment to the bill stipulating that none of the territory acquired in the Mexican War should be open to slavery. The amended bill was passed in the House, but the Senate adjourned without voting on it. In the next session of Congress (1847), a new bill providing for a $3million appropriation was introduced, and Wilmot again proposed an antislavery amendment to it. The amended bill passed the House, but the Senate drew up its own bill, which excluded the proviso. The Wilmot Proviso created great bitterness between North and South and helped crystallize the conflict over the extension of slavery. In the election of 1848 the terms of the Wilmot Proviso, a definite challenge to proslavery groups, were ignored by the Whig and Democratic parties but were adopted by the FreeSoil party. Later the Republican party also favored excluding slavery from new territories. Henry Clay, U.S. senator from Kentucky, was determined to find a solution. In 1820 he had resolved a fiery debate over the spread of slavery with his Missouri Compromise. Now, thirty years later, the matter surfaced again within the walls of the Capitol. But this time the stakes were higher -- nothing less than keeping the Union together.

Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act made abolitionists all the more resolved to put an end to slavery. The Underground Railroad became more active, reaching its peak between 1850 and 1860. The act also brought the subject of slavery before the nation. Many who had previously been ambivalent about slavery now took a definitive stance against the institution. -------------------------------------------------------Passage of this law was so hated by

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) There were several points at issue: ¥ The United States had recently acquired a vast territory -- the result of its war with Mexico. Should the territory allow slavery, or should it be declared free? Or maybe the inhabitants should be allowed to choose for themselves? ¥ California -- a territory that had grown tremendously with the gold rush of 1849, had recently petitioned Congress to enter the Union as a free state. Should this be allowed? Ever since the Missouri Compromise, the balance between slave states and free states had been maintained; any proposal that threatened this balance would almost certainly not win approval. ¥ There was a dispute over land: Texas claimed that its territory extended all the way to Santa Fe. ¥ Finally, there was Washington, D.C. Not only did the nation's capital allow slavery, it was home to the largest slave market in North America. On January 29, 1850, the 70year-old Clay presented a compromise. For eight months members of Congress, led by Clay, Daniel

abolitionists, however, that its existence played a role in the end of slavery a little more than a dozen years later. This law also spurred the continued operation of the fabled Undergound Railroad, a network of over 3,000 homes and other "stations" that helped escaping slaves travel from the southern slave-holding states to the northern states and Canada.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) Webster, Senator from Massachusetts, and John C. Calhoun, senator from South Carolina, debated the compromise. With the help of Stephen Douglas, a young Democrat from Illinois, a series of bills that would make up the compromise were ushered through Congress. According to the compromise, Texas would relinquish the land in dispute but, in compensation, be given 10 million dollars -- money it would use to pay off its debt to Mexico. Also, the territories of New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah would be organized without mention of slavery. (The decision would be made by the territories' inhabitants later, when they applied for statehood.) Regarding Washington, the slave trade would be abolished in the District of Columbia, although slavery would still be permitted. Finally, California would be admitted as a free state. To pacify slave-state politicians, who would have objected to the imbalance created by adding another free state, the Fugitive Slave Act was passed. Of all the bills that made up the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was the most controversial. It required citizens to assist in the recovery of fugitive slaves. It

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) denied a fugitive's right to a jury trial. (Cases would instead be handled by special commisioners -commisioners who would be paid $5 if an alleged fugitive were released and $10 if he or she were sent away with the claimant.) The act called for changes in filing for a claim, making the process easier for slaveowners. Also, according to the act, there would be more federal officials responsible for enforcing the law. For slaves attempting to build lives in the North, the new law was disaster. Many left their homes and fled to Canada. During the next ten years, an estimated 20,000 blacks moved to the neighboring country. For Harriet Jacobs, a fugitive living in New York, passage of the law was "the beginning of a reign of terror to the colored population." She stayed put, even after learning that slave catchers were hired to track her down. Anthony Burns, a fugitive living in Boston, was one of many who were captured and returned to slavery. Free blacks, too, were captured and sent to the South. With no legal right to plead their cases, they were completely defenseless. The Compromise of 1850 accomplished what it set out

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) to do -- it kept the nation united -- but the solution was only temporary. Over the following decade the country's citizens became further divided over the issue of slavery. The rift would continue to grow until the nation itself divided. The Fugitive Slave Act was part of the group of laws referred to as the "Compromise of 1850." In this compromise, the antislavery advocates gained the admission of California as a free state, and the prohibition of slave-trading in the District of Columbia. The slavery party received concessions with regard to slaveholding in Texas and the passage of this law. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an antislavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the United States, so much in the latter case that the novel intensified the sectional

I really didn’t pay attention here so im gonna go with North=  South= 

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) conflict leading to the American Civil War. Stowe, a Connecticut-born preacher at the Hartford Female Academy and an active abolitionist, focused the novel on the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters— both fellow slaves and slave owners—revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings. Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century, and the second bestselling book of that century, following the Bible. It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) 1850s. In the first year after it was published, 300,000 copies of the book were sold in the United States alone. The book's impact was so great that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the Civil War, Lincoln is often quoted as having declared, "So this is the little

KansasNebraska Act “bleeding Kansas”

lady who made this big war." The book, and even more the plays it inspired, also helped create a number of stereotypes about black people, many of which endure to this day. These include the affectionate, dark-skinned "mammy"; the "pickaninny" stereotype of black children; and the Uncle Tom, or dutiful, long-suffering servant faithful to his white master or mistress. In recent years, the negative associations with Uncle Tom's Cabin have, to an extent, overshadowed the historical impact of the book as a "vital antislavery tool." The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow

After the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, pro-slavery and anti-slavery supporters rushed in to settle Kansas to affect the outcome of the first election held there after the law went into effect. Pro-slavery settlers carried the election but were charged with fraud by anti-

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. The Kansas-Nebraska Act infuriated many in the North who considered the Missouri Compromise to be a longstanding binding agreement. In the pro-slavery South it was strongly supported.

The anti-slavery settlers held another election, however pro-slavery settlers refused to vote. This resulted in the establishment of two opposing legislatures within the Kansas territory. Violence soon erupted, with the anti-slavery forces led by John Brown. The territory earned the nickname "bleeding Kansas" as the death toll rose. President Franklin Pierce, in support of the pro-slavery settlers, sent in Federal troops to stop the violence and disperse the anti-slavery legislature. Another election was called. Once again proslavery supporters won and once again they were charged with election fraud.

Slave holders from Missouri

slavery settlers, and the results were not accepted by them. --------------------------------------------------------As a result, Congress did not recognize the constitution adopted by the proslavery settlers and Kansas was not allowed to become a state. Eventually, however, anti-slavery settlers outnumbered pro-slavery settlers and a new constitution was drawn up. On January 29, 1861, just before the start of the Civil War, Kansas was admitted to the Union as a free state.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do) will set up homesteads in Kansas in order to sway vote. Northern abolitionist pay for non- slave settlers. Fighting breaks out for that reason. Pro slavery congress is created in Lecompton and an anti- slavery congress will be created in Topeka. 1856 pro slavery forces attack free soil town of Lawerence. Two people are killed and busisnesses are destroyed. John Brown (2 days later) retaliates and attacks pottawatome creek (w/ his sons). They kill five settlers and hack off their hands. President Pierce does not do anything and does not support honest reelections. Civil war erupts in Kansas. Millions of dollars in language. Agriculture paralyzed and lives are lost. Buchanan is elected 1856- 61 last democratic president. The administrations: democratic stand on popular sovereignty and republicans stand for anti- slavery. He is a southern preseident and seen as weak, under southern control. Kansas applied for statehood (had enough people). Pro- slavery legislature at Lecompton is going to write a constitution for the state. This constitution is going to enshrine slavery in the proposed state and protect the rights of slave holders. Provived a referndum that allowed votes the choice to allow more slaves into the

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do)

Brooks/ Sumner Affair Dred Scott Decision

Lincoln Douglas Debates

state. Because slavery is allowed free soilers boycott the polls. Obviously due to the results and lack of popular sovereignty Steven Douglas would have none of this “semi popular fradulency” and congress rejects the constitution and become a free state in 1861. … butlers newphew brooks is going to defend his uncle by hitting Sumner over the head with a cane in the congressional hearing room. Dredd Scott sues in Missouri court-> goes to taney (chief justice) and he writes all parts of the decision: 1. cannot sue because he is not a citizen 2. do to the due process clause slaves cannot be taken away (property) 3. the Missouri compromise is unconstitutional (therefore all territories are open to slavery) Douglas is challenged by Lincoln who was virtual unknown. He wasn’t an abolitionist but he was against the expansion of slavery. Douglas, the champion of ps, is seen as slavery’s last chance. Abey attacks douggie as indifferent toward slavery. In free port Illnois he questions Douggie about Dred vs. PS. Free port doctrine Douglas responds

Shows the heated issue between popular sovereignty and the Lecompton constitution. North- consider decision the opening paper gun of the civil war; greatest cime in the anals of the republic. Democratic president and the majority of the supreme court planned the decision increased suspicion of slavery conspiracy. South: Loves it

Lincoln emerged as an international figure and leading contender for the republican national nomination. South veiws Lincoln as a radical due to his house divided speech. Free port doctrine will enrage southern democrats. So although Douggie wins he looses support.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do)

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry

Presidenti al election of 1860

that slavery cannot continue in a community if the citizen does not vote on laws to preserve it. John Brown comes back into the picture. Northerners gave money to John Brown. He received the money so that him and his merry band of followers could start a slave rebellion in Virginia. Wanted to arm the slaves and planned to attack federal arsenals. The only problem was that few slaves knew about the rebellion. John Brown was stopped by Robert E. Lee and his federal forces. He was tried for reason and hung. Final event that will trigger the south to leave the union. Democratic party can not agree on a platform or a candidate, split into 2 parts Northern and southern Democrats. Northern democrats choose Steven Douglas the champion of popular sovereignty. Southern democrats nominate John Breckinridge of Kenntucky he stands for enforcement of the dred scott decision which meant the unrestricting of slavery in the territories and the annexation of Cuba. Republicans nominate Abey Baby who stands for the end of slavery in the territories but promises to not touch slavery in the states. Appeals to northern businesses men and western settles by proposing a protective tariff, federal aid for internal

North: looked at him as a martyr (this was the opinion of northern anti- slavery radicals) Moderates condemned his violence (republicans) South: Southern whites saw the raid as the final use of slave revolts to destroy the south

North is happy with results. South secessionist threaten to leave the union if he is elected.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do)

Secession

improvements, transcontinental railroads, and homestead farms. Fearing the consequences of a republican whigs, know nothings and moderate democrats formed the constitutional union party nominate John Bell (TN) and their platform calls for enforcement of all laws, the constitution, and preservation of the union. My boyfriend carried every northern stateelectoral votes: 59.4% popular votes: 39.8%. Lincoln’s name was not on the southern ballot; essentially there was 2 elections taking place. Following in 1860 a convention is held in south Carolina were they unanimously decide to secede. In the next six weeks FL, GA, AL, MIS, LA, and TX decide to secede also. Later four more state secede. 1861 reps of the seven states of the deep south meet in Montgomery Alabama were they create the Confederate States of America (basically same constitution). Place limits on the gov’t power to impose tariffs and restrict slavery. Buchanan was the lame duck president and does absolutely nothing to stop the states. Congress in a last effort to appease the South has Crittenden of KT proposing a constitutional amendment that would gaurentee the right to hold

South believed they were acting in revolutionary spirit argued that they had a right to national independence and had a right to dissolve a constitutional compact that know longer protected them from tyranny. This was called the principle of selfdetermination.

APUSH PRE- CIVIL WAR CHART (words are spelled wrong, words are missing, sentences may not make sense but they are notes so sorry but this is the best I could do)

Fort Sumter (south Carolina)

slaves in territory south of the 36 30 line. The Crittenden compromise was not accepted by Lincoln because he felt it violated the platform on which he ran and was elected. The confederacy at this point elected a president Jefferson Davis and vice president Alexander Stevens of Georgia. As southern states are leaving they are seizing aresenals, mints, and other public lands. By the time Lincoln takes office in March there are only two forts left in the south. The Soldiers in Sumter were running low on supplies so Lincoln sends them supples (totally friendly) and the south takes this as an open attack and fires.

The civil war is started <3