Application Of Solar Pvs In India

APPLICATION OF SOLAR PV’S IN INDIA

BY Naveen Methre ME-3, III yr Mechanical

Condition of use of solar PV cells Cold weather Cloud condition Isolated generation

Solar power or solar photovoltaic electricity Solar photovoltaic electricity is generated

from light, employing photovoltaic modules or cells ,which convert sunlight into electricity using cells with semi conductors

Brief Overview of Solar PV Technology •Solar cells are made of silicon(microelectronics/semiconductors) Treated to be positive on one side and negative on the other. •When light energy hits the cell, electrons are knocked loose from the atoms in the semiconductor material. •If electrical conductors are attached to the positive and negative sides, forming an electrical circuit, the electrons can be captured in the form of an electric

Every single photovoltaic cell has small

dimensions and generally produces a power between 1 and 3 watts and 0,5Volts, at the standard test conditions (STC) of 1000W/m². To get a bigger power and voltage, it is

necessary to connect several cells among themselves to create bigger units called modules

The modules, in their turn, can be connected

to constitute panels, called photovoltaic fields too, that produce the power wanted from the application Therefore the photovoltaic system is a unification of mechanical, electric and electronic components that contribute to capt and transform the available solar energy, making it usable from the usership in electric energy

The photovoltaic system structure can be

very different Systems with fixed inclination (fixed supporting structure) Systems with active tracking - single/double axis tracking systems (characterized by step by step motors and control electronics) Lonely systems or “stand alone” Network connected systems or “grid connected”

Some benefits of photovoltaics No fuel requirements - In remote areas diesel

or kerosene fuel supplies are erratic and often very expensive Modular design - A solar array comprises individual PV modules, which can be connected to meet a particular demand. Reliability of PV modules - This has been shown to be significantly higher than that of diesel generators.

Easy to maintain - Operation and routine

maintenance requirements are simple Long life - With no moving parts and all delicate surfaces protected, modules can be expected to provide power for 15 years or more. Environmentally benign - There is no pollution through the use of a PV system – nor is there any heat or noise generated which could cause local discomfort

PV applications Rural electrification

• lighting and power supplies for remote building (mosques, churches, temples etc .farms, schools, mountain refuge huts) - low wattage fluorescent lighting is recommended  power supplies for remote villages  street lighting  individual house systems  battery charging  mini grids

Used for pumping system

PV can be used to power water pumping systems ©Practical Action

2.Water pumping and treatment systems

• • • • • •

pumping for drinking water pumping for irrigation dewatering and drainage ice production saltwater desalination systems water purification

3.Health care systems

• • • • • •

lighting in rural clinics UHF transceivers between health centres vaccine refrigeration ice pack freezing for vaccine carriers sterilises blood storage refrigerators

4. Communications

• • • • • •

radio repeaters remote TV and radio receivers remote weather measuring mobile radios rural telephone kiosks data acquisition and transmission (for example, river levels and seismographs)

5. Transport aids

• • • • •

road sign lighting railway crossings and signals hazard and warning lights navigation buoys road markers

6. Security systems

• security lighting • remote alarm system • electric fences

7. Miscellaneous

• ventilation systems • calculators • pumping and automated feeding systems on fish farms • solar water heater circulation pumps • boat / ship power • vehicle battery trickle chargers • earthquake monitoring systems • emergency power for disaster relief

India’s Solar Profile •India ranks 3rd in annual production capacity of solar PV ahead of Germany, France and Australia •India increasing budget for implementing solar power plants

India Has a Lot of Sunlight Sunlight on the surface of earth is the

radiation received from sun. India has adequate sunshine available for most parts of the year, including rural areas. The amount of solar energy impacting the surface of earth is 1000 watts per square meter, which is about 32.8 million MW every second on the Indian land mass. *A large part of the incident heat is reflected to the outer space or radiated back to space.

Solar lanterns :A recent innovation in solar

technology is the solar lantern. Originally designed for the outdoor leisure market in western countries, this simple lantern with a small PV module (5 -10 watts) is extremely appropriate to use in rural areas of developing countries for replacing kerosene lamps. Cost is still a barrier, as is the potential for local manufacture, but there is enormous scope for widespread dissemination of a simple, robust solar lantern.

Cost Analysis of Different Lamps

Illumination Level of Lamps

Experimental Investigation on Solar Lamps

The out put power generated by PV Source during insolation

A Basket weavers in a Solar Rural House of Bodam Village In Patamda Block of East Singhbhoom District of Jharkhand State

Q Ah San “Solar Power Lantern for Flood

Affected Area” IEEE 2000 page 487 – 492 INTELLIGENT SOLAR LAMPS FOR RURAL INDIA-Case study in jharkhand by S. N . Singh , Dr A .K .Singh Dept of ECE NIT JAMSHEDPUR.

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Photovoltaic Program: 55000 street lighting systems 340,000 home lighting systems 1566 kW of power plants 540,000 solar lanterns have been produced

A total of 32 grid interactive solar PV power

plants have been installed in the country with financial assistance from the Federal Government These plants, with aggregate capacity of 2.1 MW, are estimated to generate about 2.52 million units of electricity in a year For rural electrification as well as employment and income generation, about 16,530 solar photovoltaic lighting systems were installed during 2004-05

MNES FUNDED PHOTOVOLTAIC OUTPUT BY STATE

REMOTE VILLAGES SELECTED FOR SOLAR ELECTRIFICATION

FUTURE PLANS BY MNES A 10 million square meter solar collector area

capable of conserving electricity equivalent to that generated from a 500 MW power plant is expected to be set up by 2022. India has recently proposed to augment cooking, lighting, and motive power with renewable in 600,000 villages by 2032, starting with 10,000 remote off-grid villages by 2012.

Solar photovoltaic minigrids in Sunderbans Nine SPV mini-grids with a cumulative

installed capacity of 344.5 kWp have been installed by WBREDA in Sunderbans Each of the 1,750 consumers, who typically would have used kerosene for lighting and diesel- based battery charging for TV viewing, has the potential of saving 228.2 kg CO2 emissions annually, as per a study conducted in the year 2000

Considering the emission rate of 1.3 kg CO2

per kWh for diesel –generated electricity, each 100 kWp mini-grid has the potential of saving about 180 tonnes of CO2 emissions annually.

Another survey in this region has reported

upon the tangible benefits of SPV mini-grids These benefits include:the ability to do agricultural work at night longer periods of work for small trades and an ensuing increase in income due to these extended hours of operation

Kaveri Agri-Care Pvt. Ltd., India The plant specializes in drying coir peat,

which is a fine granular material extracted from underneath the coconut skin. The final product is extremely absorbent and buoyant,making it ideal for usage in soil replacement and oil spills It was important to have a drying process that would be cost effective, that would not add further pollution to the local environment, and that would not adversely harm the coir peat.

It was determined that SolarWall® technology

would provide a cost-effective means for reducing diesel fuel. 414 m square (4456 ft2) of solar cladding were installed on the south facing roof. The heat from the panels is ducted down into the burner, yielding a nominal air flow of 60 m3/h/m2 and preheating the air entering the dryer by 20 °C. It displaces about 14% of the heating fuel, yielding a 2 year payback.

SolarWall® panels are mounted on the roof of the processing plant to provide a supply of warm air to dry the coir peat

PV Manufacturers in India TATA BP BHEL CENTRAL ELECTRONICS LTD SELCO INDIA

Disadvantages of Solar Energy for Rural India Low intensity or dispersion Its unpredictability, which varies with the

whims of weather (Monsoon Season) Cost of Solar Equipment for the poor – Financing schemes Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency

(IREDA) - a Public Limited Company, providing revolving fund to financing and leasing companies offering affordable credit for the purchase of PV systems

CONCLUSION In India, the scientific focus is deliberately

moving towards transforming coal into clean energy as well as harnessing hydropower. The recent surge in nuclear energy is also diverting focus from the solar energy enhancement. In all probability, the Indian government will support off-grid solar energy production through a decentralized manner

BIBILOGRAPHY

http://ecoworld.com/features/2007/05/15/indias-so Solar Energy: Alternative to Combat

Energy Insecurity in India, Shikha Bisht & Biswajayee Patra  Article No:96, December 12, 2006

http://www.economywatch.com/business-and-econ Akanksha Chaurey, TERI, E-mail:

[email protected]

Chaurey, A. “Ramakrishna Mission Initiative

Impact Study.” Final Report under the contract NREL/SR-520-28601. Available at . http://Solarwall.com Photovoltaic systems: solar energy based technology http://dev.emcelettronica.com/print/51991 http://practicalaction.org

http://www.ren21.net

http://mnes.nic.in/annualreport/2004_2005_Englis CII – Godrej GBC Publication, RES - Fact Sheet

- No.3 INTELLIGENT SOLAR LAMPS FOR RURAL INDIA a case study by S. N . Singh , Dr A .K .Singh- NIT JAMSHEDPUR

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