Potential Of Concentrated Solar Power (csp) In India

Potential of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) in India Krishan Kundu

Outline 

Why India Needs CSP Indian Energy scenario  Global trends  Climate Change Action Plan 

 

Solar Resource Potential for CSP in India Grid Connected Large Scale  Distributed 

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Way Forward

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Why India Needs CSP Indian Energy scenario  Global trends  Climate Change Action Plan 

India's Power Stats Power generated in 2007

140,301 MW

Deficiency in power

9 -14%

Power Requirement by 2012

210 GW

Power Requirement by 2032

800 GW

Target from Solar energy by 2012

500 MW

Target from Solar energy by 2017

4000 MW

Per capita consumption of power

632 units

Per capita consumption worldwide

2516 units

Capacity of solar cells (2007)

45 MW

Capacity of solar PV modules (2007)

80 MW

PV products exported (2002 -07 )

225 MWp

Investment expected for PV manufacturing under Semiconductor Policy 2007

Rs.66394 crore for 2170 MW

Electricity fuel mix Coal 52%

RES 34%

23% 10,897 MW

78 %

Diesel Nuclear 1% 3% RES

Gas

39,222 MW

Gas 10% Nuclear

Diesel

Coal

29% 10% 1,141 2,944MW MW

71% 90% 7,231 MW 9,755

Other RE Wind

Total installed capacity as Hydro 29 July 2009 ASSOCHAM South Asia Renewable Energy Conference, New Delhi on 31.3.2009 is 148265.4 th

Energy supply 

Coal 



Biomass 



Primary source of cooking energy in > 80% rural households.

Electricity   



Major energy source.

All India average shortage ~ 11.6 % Peak Load supply shortage ~ 15 % Base Load supply shortage ~ 9 %

Energy security concern  

Around 75 % of the petroleum supply is imported Even coal is being imported

…Energy supply 

Poor electrification status 78 million households (44%) in the country do not have access to electricity  1,25,000 villages are un-electrified  Electricity supply situation is generally poor in even electrified villages 

10th Plan (2002-2007) performance SECTOR

THERMAL (MW)

HYDRO (MW)

NUCLEAR (MW)

TOTAL (MW)

Target

Achieved Target

Achieved

Target

Achieved Target

Achieved

Central

12790.00

6590.00

8742.00

4495.00

1300

1180.00

22832.0 0

12265.00

State

6676.00

3553.64

4481.00

2691.00

0.00

0.00

6244.64

Private

5951.00

1970.60

1170.00

700.00

0.00

0.00

11157.0 0 7121.00

Total

25417.00

12114.24

14393.00

7886.00

1300.0 0

1180.00

41110.0 0

21180.24

Achievement 51.5% of the target

2670.60

Import dependence Fuel Coal

Oil

Gas

Scenario

2001/02

2011/12

2021/22

2031/32

BAU

4%

9%

49%

72%

Energy efficient

4%

10%

52%

64%

BAU

69%

65%

74%

88%

Energy efficient

69%

61%

48%

76%

BAU

0%

17%

34%

34%

Energy efficient

0%

22%

34%

34%

Source: TERI study

Estimated growth in electricity generation capacity (2006-2031) Installed Capacity (MW)

1200000

1000000 7% GDP growth

800000

8% GDP growth

600000

400000

200000

0 2006

2011

2016

2021

2026

2031

Source: Planning Commission, 2005

Energy mix under alternative scenarios Percentage distribution of primary commercial energy supply2031

100 80 %

60 40 20 0 Reference

Evolution

Resolution

Ambition

Scenarios Coal

Natural Gas

Oil

Hydro

Nuclear

Renewables

National Solar Mission 

Proposed targets 20 GW by 2020  100 GW by 2030 or 10-12% of total power generation capacity estimated for that year  4-5GW of installed solar manufacturing capability by 2017 

Billion Dollars

Global investments in renewable energy

Source: REN21, 2009

Investments in solar PV 32% (US$38.4 billion)

Solar PV : Efficiency & Manufacturing Cost

Current conversion Efficency (%)

Technology Type

Crystalline

Thin Films

Cost of manufacture (US$ per W)

Monocrystalline

17-23

2.4

Polycrystalline

15 -18

2.15

6

1.35

Tandem microcrystalline

8.5

1.35

CdTe

11

1.15

CIGS

12

1.75

Amorphous silicon

Global scenario in RE development All countries taking bold action in promoting and installing RE systems EU: target of 20% energy from renewables by 2020  Australia: target of 20% energy (GWh of electricity) from renewables by 2020  China: 15% RE in energy mix by 2020, 30% or more by 2050  USA: in the process of finalising a 20% target to be achieved by 2020 - RE (15%) & EE (5%) India needs to be ambitious in setting 

Solar Resource in India  

5 trillion kWh/year theoretical potential Sunny areas  

 

Most of the country receives more than 4kWh/m2 /day More than 300 sunny days in the most part of the country

Potential being mapped by IMD, and few other institutes. IMD, MNRE has published solar energy resource handbook 

Solar radiation map of India If one percent of the land is used to harness solar energy for electricity generation at an overall efficiency of 10%; 492 x 106 MU/year electricity can be generated

Government initiatives 

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GBI (Generation Based incentives) for Solar power projects (2008) Solar Mission under National Action Plan for Climate Change GBIs and incentive schemes from state governments

Tariff proposed by various State Electricity Regulatory Commissions Particulars Solar PV Tariff (Rs./kWh Punjab

Rs 7.00 ( base year2006 - 07) with five annual escalations at 5% upto 2011-12 15.78 ( for plants commissioned upto 31-12-2009 )

Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu

15.15

Uttar Pradesh

15.00

Chhattisgarh

15.50

Gujarat

13.37

Haryana

15.96 (for plants commissioned up to 31-12-2009 15.16 after 31-12-2009 but by 31-03-2010.

Tariff proposed by various State Electricity Regulatory ParticularsCommissions Solar Thermal Tariff (Rs./kWh Punjab

Rajasthan

Rs 7.00 ( base year2006 - 07) with five annual escalations at 5% upto 2011-12 13.78 ( for plants commissioned upto 31-12-2009 )

Tamil Nadu

13.15

Uttar Pradesh

13.00

Chhattisgarh

13.50

Gujarat

13.37

CSP worldwide  More than 10 different technology

combinations  More than 400MW installed capacity  More than 8GW installed capacity projects announced

Role India can play  

Global hub for manufacturing CSP Global test facilities   

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Different climatic conditions Abundant sunlight Technical man power

Large scale Power plants  

4-5 GW by 2020 is easily possible Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, Haryana , Tamilnadu, AP potential states

What India should do 

Government 

Back up the plans with realistic and strong policy push Solar plants and manufacturing base development  Low cost financing and fiscal incentives 

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Industry Move fast to develop manufacturing capability  Develop R & D base  Appropriate technology adaptation 

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Financing and insurance institutions Low cost financing  Risk mitigation instruments for solar plants 

Suggestions to move forward  

Strong long term policy initiative Support to various promising technologies 

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Cost should not be barrier in initial projects

National Plan for large scale solr power development    

Solar Park concept Solar CSP test facilities in atleast two locations Incentives for industries to develop subcomponents (e.g.mirrors, Coatings, Structures) Indigenous technology development

Suggestions to move forward 

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Long term low cost finance for capital investments RE targets for Distribution agencies can be enhanced RE targets for industries, Gencos?

A technological society has two choices. First it can wait until catastrophic failures expose systemic deficiencies, distortion and self-deceptions… Be the change you want to see in the world Secondly, a culture can provide social checks and balances to 29 July 2009 correct for systemic distortion prior failures.New Delhi ASSOCHAM South to Asiacatastrophic Renewable Energy Conference, th

Thanks a million Thank you!!!

24th Aug 2009