Animal Behavior Ch 14.2 7th

Chapter 14 Section 2

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Explain the difference between learned and innate behavior

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Describe 5 kinds of behaviors that help animals survive

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Describe how biological clocks affect animals

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Use the terms predator and prey in a sentence

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List 3 animals that are predators and 3 that are considered prey.

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Let’s share what you have…

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Innate behavior ◦ Behavior that does not depend on learning or experience ◦ Inherited through genes ◦ Some are present at birth, some develop later

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Learned behavior ◦ Use learning to change a behavior ◦ Innate behaviors can be modified ◦ Learn from experience or observation

 Innate

behaviors:

 Learned

behaviors:

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Finding food

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Marking territory

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Defensive action

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Courtship

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Parenting

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Predators: animals that eat other animals

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Prey: the animal being eaten

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Example: Frog (predator) eats insects (prey), frog (prey) may be eaten by a snake (predator)

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Competition for food and mates

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Territory: an area occupied by one or many animals that do not allow other members of the species to enter

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Territories are used for mating, raising young, and finding food

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Ex: bird sing, big cats spray…

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Protection of resources and territories (food, mates, offspring)

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Ex: mother killdeer

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Protection from predators (camouflage)

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Ex: Skunk – powerful chemical to ward off predators

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Reproduction is essential for survival of the species

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Special behaviors to help find a mate: courtship

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Ex: special movements, building nests, sounds…

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Many animals depend on parents for survival

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Gathering food, hunting, protection…

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Migration

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Slowing down

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A biological clock

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Cycles of change

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Traveling from one place to another (to find food, water, shelter)

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How do they know which way to go? ◦ Landmarks for short distances

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Hibernation: a period of inactivity and decreased body temperature some animals experience in winter

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Temperature, heart rate, and breathing slow

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Ex: bears, mice, squirrels, skunks

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In the desert: internal slow downs in the intense heat, reduced activity: estivation

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When to store food? When to migrate?

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Internal control of an animal’s natural cycles

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Time of day and temperature help set the “clock”

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Some biological clocks keep track of daily cycles: circadian rhythms

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Some biological clocks control long seasonal cycles

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Control hibernation, migration, and reproduction patterns

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Control cycles of internal changes (different life cycles – example: treehoppers) ◦ Egg, nymph, adult forms…

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How does hibernation help animals?

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How do landmarks help animals?