Animal Behavior & Stimulus Energy

ENE RGY & PH ARMA COL OGY Behavior and external / internal conditions Environment - External condition

The study of animal behaviour, particularly from evolutionary and ecological viewpoints, has been one of the major growing points in biology over the last 15 years. Process in the Body – Internal condition 1

ENE RGY & PH ARMA COL OGY Basic structure BEHAVIOR = Function { Internal stimulus, external stimulus}

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ENE RGY & PH ARMAC OLO GY Information filtering and Decision Behaviorr Decision

Animal Body Internal Stimuli

External Stimuli

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ENE RGY & PH ARMA COL OGY Animal behavior and environment Sensory system

1. inernoreceptor – convey information within organisms 2. Proprioreceptor- report information position of the body part 3. Externoreceptor- obtains information about the outside (environment and ecology) 4. Sometoreceptor – capture events on the body surface 5. Teloreceptor- monitor stimuli at a distance from the body

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ENE RGY & PH ARMA COL OGY Animal behavior and environment Structure

Types of information

1. Information 2. Motivation 3. Development 4. Decision

Genetics- evolution Competition and Risk Investigation information Recognition Analysis Data monitory Saving and summarise

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ENE RGY & PH ARMAC OLO GY Information Process Store Information

Transform Information

Action Information

Cognition and brain

Filtering

Muscle Cells

Detection Information Sensory cells

Transmit Information Nerve cells Chemical messenger

Integration Information Nerve Cells

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ENE RGY & PH ARMA COL OGY Processing information in the animal body Sensory Cells

Nerve Cells

Chemical messengers

Behavior

Muscle Cells

Sensory Cells Pick up different changes in the environment Nerve Cells Transmit and integrate information Chemical messenger Transmit Chemical information (more leisurely time than nervous system) Muscle Cells Transform information from the nervous system into action

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ENE RGY & PH ARMA COL OGY Nervous System (CNS) Sensory Cells

Sensory Neuron

Motor Neuron

Interneuron

Effector

Advanced nervous system have five major components, linking stimulus perception and motor respond. Sensory Cells –acting sensory as sensory receptor Sensory Neuron-carrying impulses from the sense cells Motor neurons - carrying impulses into effector cells Interneuron- linking sensor neuron and motor neuron Effector- Effector organ 8

ENE RGY & PH ARMA COL OGY Animal behavior and environment BEHAVIOR= Function {Process in the Body, Body nervous system structure, nervous function, hormonal effects , biological clocks, perceptual mechanisms, Genes, internal/external stimulus filtering}

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ENE RGY & PH ARMA COL OGY External factor and environmental variables Temperature = function { temperature control Unit , CV } Airflow = function air-conditioning} Barometric pressure = function { place, time } Humidity = function { office level or place } Visual effect = function { walking researchers in the laboratory} Light = function { lights control unit} Sounds = function { sounds generating equipment, voices } Vibration = function { refrigerators, ventilators, PCs, specific equipment } Elektromagnetic waves = function{ transmitting equipment, magnets} Smell = function {specific gases, parfums, etc,}

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ENE RGY & PH ARMA COL OGY Ru le of ene rgy pr eserva ti on of the bod y E = K + P = con st ant ■

(Formula of energetic balance)

Potenti al Energ y of th e Bod y

P = ∆U+ δ ( ε − T η + P ν ) -∆U - Ε

is th e change in bioch em ic al energy is th e inter nal en erg y

- Tη - Pv

is th e entropy en ergy is th e therm ody namic en er gy 11

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ENERGY PARAMETER IN BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY ■

Kinetical energy of body

∑ E k = Mv²/2

+

δmω ²R²/2

E (Locomotion) = Mv²/2 V = velocity, M = total mass of body E (Oscillation) = δm ω²R²/2 ω = radial frequency, R = radius of oscillation, δm = mass of oscillating body part 12

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ENERGY PARAMETER IN BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY ■

Kinetical energy of body

E (Locomotion) is the ki ne tic energy resul ti ng fr om : Locomotion, Walking, Rearing, Climbing

E (Oscillation) is th e ki ne tic ener gy resul ti ng fr om di ffe rent repet it ive moveme nt s: Scratching, Grooming , Chewing, Sniffing, Wet Dog Shakes, Head Shakes, Head Twitches, Tremors 13

Detection, recogn ition and registration of behavior Detection of behavioral features Locomotion

Scratching

Fast up and down movement of the hind foot, rubbing the side of the body, neck and face.

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LABORAS HS Signal

Analog

Digital

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H S Pa W w DS Li c Sc kin ra g tc hi n Se g iz G u re ro om in Ea g ti D ng rin ki ng C h Lo ew co i m ng m ot i R on ea Im ring m ob C il ity li m bi ng

H T

Energy

E (Oscillation) / E (Locomotion) sp ectrogr am Energy spectrogram Energy

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Behavior

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