Anderson Historical News

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STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA ANDERSON, CHEROKEE, GREENVILLE, OCONEE, PICKENS, SPARTANBURG & YORK COUNTIES

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The Historical News

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VOL. 29 NO. 4-SC

Southern Historical News, Inc.

APRIL 2009

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COUNTY HISTORY INDEX

Anderson.............................14-15 Cherokee.................................8-9 Greenville............................10-11 Oconee................................16-17 Pickens................................20-24 Spartanburg........................18-19 York.........................................2-7

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YORK COUNTY AREA

The Historical News IS PUBLISHED BY: SOUTHERN HISTORICAL NEWS, INC. P.O. BOX 1068 • HIRAM, GEORGIA 30141 1-800-422-4478 FAX: 1-770-943-0729 EDITOR’S NOTE ON HISTORY Some of the places featured in THE HISTORICAL NEWS may have changed locations, no longer exist, or have a different statement of purpose. They are presented only for the historic theme in consideration of public interest. Southern Historical News, Inc. welcomes your comments about our publication. If you have any historical information and/or photographs you wish to be printed, we would gladly accept them for future publications.

HISTORY OF YORK The town of Yorkville, as a town or village, has very little Revolutionary history, except such as may come to it from the fact that it was a part of the country lying between Broad and Catawba Rivers, which section became one of the principal battle fields of the latter part of the Revolutionary War. When Drayton and his patriotic colleagues were stirring up the spirit of resistance to the mother-country in Charleston, the up-country took very little interest in the war-like situation. In fact, when Drayton was sent from Charleston as an emissary to stir up a spirit of resistance among the settlers residing between the Broad and Enoree Rivers, the Reverend William Tennant, a Presbyterian minister, was sent upon a similiar mission to those people residing between the Broad and Catawba. Both returned to Charleston with the report that the people of this section could not be aroused. In justice to this section, it should be stated, however, that it was not a lack of patriotism on the part of these settlers from Pennsylvania and Virginia, but it was rather due to the fact that up to this time they had not been permitted to participate in the government of the state, they had no courts, they drank no tea, used no stamps, and yet they contributed a certain amount of taxes. They were very well satisfied to continue as subjects of the King, especially so as a result of the treatment they had received from the Council of Charleston and the immediate vicinity. Furthermore, they were, to a certain extent, a different people from those who settled the low country, and were not bound to them by strong ties. McCready says that at a metting at Bullocks Creek Church held during an early period of the Revolution. There were several Revolutionary leaders present. All present, with one exception, advised the Whigs to make no further resistance to the King’s government. This one exception was Colonel William Hill. Hill returned to Nanny’s Mountain and there raised the American standard and gathered a small body around him. When the King’s emissaries came to them and offered them amnesty, the offer was indignantly refused. I think sometimes that too little credit has been given to this Revolutionary hero for his part in the great War of Independence. Colonel Hill erected at Nanny’s Mountain the first iron works in York County, and possibly the first built in the state. The foundries were located on Allison Creek at what is known as Miller’s Mill and Sam’s Mill, and the ore was brought from Nanny’s Mountain, a distance of about two and one-half miles, over a tramway to this point. The ruins of the old works and some of the “Slag” can still be seen upon the creek banks; while, up to a few years ago, at least, the cut and grading of the old tramway was still easily distinguishable. At these iron works, some of the cannon that were used in the Revolutionary War were made. They hardly deserve the name of cannon, being small, rough, and unmanageable affairs. It is stated that when Huck’s party approached Nanny’s Mountain for the purpose of destroying the iron works (which it afterwards did accomplish) that several of these little cannon were mounted upon a high hill north of Allison Creek and a show of resistance made, but at the first discharge one of the cannon burst and the remainder were hastily rolled down the hill and thrown into the mill pond. One of these cannon was afterwards found and brought to Yorkville, and for a number of years lay behind the counter in Dr. Kuykendal’s drug store. Huck’s party, as stated, eventually destroyed the iron works, and they were never rebuilt.--It is told as tradition that a good old Scot Presbyterian elder in praying for the success of the American armies, asked, among other things, “Dear Lord, whatever else may happen, not let the British destroy Billy Hill’s iron works.” Nanny’s Mountain is named for Colonel Hill’s wife, Nancy Hill. Hill’s Manuscript is regarded as a very accurate account of those skirmishes and battles of the war in which he participated. The first regiment of patriots organized in York County (then commonly called the New Acquisition) had for its Colonel, Thomas Neel, and for its Lieutenant-Colonel, Ezekiel Polk; and for its Major, Joseph Robinson. These are the only officers in the war. Thomas Neel also is mentioned as being in a body of rangers later organized. While there were only two battles of any importance fought in York County (King’s Mountain and continued on page 4

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SPARTANBURG & YORK COUNTY AREA

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YORK COUNTY AREA

HISTORY OF YORK - continued from page 2

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Huck’s Defeat), this territory was constantly traversed by the British and Americans. King’s Mountain and Huck’s Defeat are fully described in the various histories. It is only in recent years, however, that the true importance of these victories has been recognized by the historians. The incidents of these two battles are familiar to every student of history, and need no re-instatement here. Bullocks Creek seems to have been even before the War, an important meeting place for both Whigs and Tories. Here it was that Lacy, Hill, and Bratton met to plan for resistance to the British; and here it was that Cornwallis is said to have encamped while on his way to the assistance of Tarlelton, and, while there encamped, heard the news of the disastrous defeat at Cowpens. It may interest some to know that Bullocks Creeks Church was originally called “Dan”, and the same people who established this church pushed further up on Bullocks Creek and established Beersheba. So these two churches were formerly known as “Dan” and “Beersheba.” I have often been told that the road turning off from the Pinchkney Road at the plantation of Mr. R. M. Carroll, about ten miles south of Yorkville, was laid out and constructed by the British engineers for the use of the British troops on their way from Blackstock and Winnsboro to Broad River and across into Spartanburg and Union counties. I am also told that there was once a large British camp composed of a number of Cornwallis’ troops at a point on the Lincoln Road, near where Mr. Bruce Youngblood now lives. What is now known as the Limestone Road crosses the Lincoln Road at this point. This Limestone Road, allowing for the inaccuracies of the early maps, was evidently adopted, in part at least, from the old Indian Trail leading from the Cherokee to the Catawba Nation. This trail, as I am also told, has been used as a rod, and is still being so used at many points and some of the older settlers around Leslie station in this county still speak of it as the Indian trail. York County had its share of Tories, who formed themselves into bands in order that they might more safely plunder and harass the Whigs. One of those bands was located on Fishing Creek, and another near King’s Mountain Battle Ground. They cared little for the British cause, but were intent upon plunder. Chester, Fairfield and Union also had their bands of Tories. Dr. Lathan states in his “South Carolina in the Revolution” that some time in September, 1780, a party of these Tories was passing through York County, and stopped at the house of a man named Stallion (Some authorities give it as Stallings.) This man lived on the plantation bridge on the road leading from Wheeler’s saw mill to J. T. Lowry’s plantation. The Stallions were Tories. The Stallion that lived on the Steele place, married a sister of Colonel Love, the great-great-grandfather of Dr. William Love, formerly of McConnellsville. Colonel Love and his sister, Mrs. Stallion, were true Whigs. By some means Colonel Brandon of North Carolina and Colonel Love, who lived within a short distance of the Devinney place, learned that a band of Tories was at Stallion’s. Brandon and Love gathered up a few men, surrounded the house of Stallion, and fired upon it, but without killing anyone. Mrs. Stallion, fearing that the Tories would be taken and perhaps all shot, her husband included, partially opened the door for the purpose of surrendering to the Whigs and begging her brother, Colonel Love, to spare the life of her husband. Mrs. Stallion is said to have had on a man’s hat, and just as soon as her head was seen, a ball pierced it, and she fell dead. It was generally thought that Colonel Love fired the shot that killed his sister, Mrs. Stallion. Stallion is said to have leaped into the yard, and frantically cried to Colonel Love, “You have killed my wife--you have killed your sister.” So filled with anguish were the hearts of the Whigs at this terrible tragedy that they retired without further molesting the Tories. At the house of the other Stallion, a party of Tories was attacked by the notorious Jack McCain and two others were killed. After the battle of King’s Mountain, Tarleton and his men passed through the upper edge of York County searching for such of the heroes of King’s Mountain as might have remained in this section. They visited the house of Colonel Watson near Rocky Allison Creek, killed all his geese, and carried off the salt that was stored there. One of Tarleton’s men scratched his name on one of

the stones of the chimney of Colonel Watson’s house, and said that after the war was over and the Whigs were conquered he was coming back to live in this house. He never came. Some historians say that after the Battle of King’s Mountain, Lacey retired with his men “to the high hills of Bullocks Creek” to await the arrival of Tarleton. Dr. Lathan fixes this spot just north of Scott’s mill (about five miles west of Yorkville on the Sharon road.) I have been told that several British soldiers were buried in front of where W. L. Hill’s store now stands in Sharon. No one can give me any particulars. It might not be unreasonable to assume that what was meant by the “high hills of Bullocks Creek” was the high ridge on which Sharon is built, and the British officers referred to and said to have been buried in front of Hill’s Store were prisoners. The county is full of local tradition of historical interest. Like all tradition, of course, there are many inaccuracies, but perhaps there is a kernal of truth in it all that may be worth preserving. The first authentic reference that I have been able to find regarding the town of Yorkville is contained in a deed from William and John Fergus to William Hill, Jr. This deed is dated the 21st day of October, 1793, and reads as follows: “In consideration of the sum of One Hundred Pounds to them, the said William and John Fergus, in hand paid by the said William Hill, Jr., Two Hundred Acres of land in York County, South Carolina, including “York Ville”, being a part of a tract of land granted by patent to John Miller from His Majesty’s offices in North Carolina, and being dated the 25th day of April, 1767 and from him conveyed to William and John Fergus.” I have examined the records in Lincolnton, N.C. at Columbia, S.C., and have had them at Raleigh and Wilmington, and I have never been able to find the original grant or letters patent. The following description of this tract might enable someone to locate it: “Beginning at a hickory tree near the road from Yorkville to Caleb Powers’ plantation, and running north 70 W. 240 poles to a post oak at Alex Ramsey’s near John Caraghan’s; thence N. 40 E. 270 poles to a point on the east of the wagon road from said Court House to Matthew Dickson’s; thence S. 58 E. 46 poles to a black-jack on one side of the glade; thence S. 40 E. 270 Poles to the beginning, including “Yorkville.” While this deed was dated 1793, William Hill had evidently obtained possession of the “village of York Ville” at an earlier date, as will be shown later. Some of the older citizens tell me that where Yorkville now stands, at the intersection of Liberty and Congress Streets, was known as “Fergus Cross Roads.” Another tradition says that Fergus Cross Roads was near the residence of Mr. Joseph Dickson at the extreme north end of the town, and that a tavern stood just across the road from where Mr. Dickson’s house now is where “molasses and rum was sold.” Dr. Morris Moore, in his “Reminiscences of York,” says that the first house in Yorkville was built on the spot where the Presbyterian Church now stands, and was residence as being on the Nichols lot, and states that it was built by “Gentleman Aloc Love,” Dr. Moore states further that the third domicile was a large two-story log building erected by David McCall, and by him was conducted the first “house of entertainment,” but that in a few years David McCall sold out to his brother, John McCall, and that for many years thereafter, John McCall conducted the only inn or tavern in the village. Maps of James Cook and Henry Mouzon, made in 1771 and 1775 respectively, show that just before the formation of York County, and while this district was still a part of Camden District, certain wagon roads, one leading southward from King’s Mountain and another running westward to what was called Pinckney’s Ferry on Broad River, intersected and at the intersection of these two roads, branched out in the direction of “Charlottesburg,” crossing the Catawba River at, or near, the present Wright’s Ferry and the intersection of these roads was known as “Fergus Cross Roads.” York District was cut off of Camden District in 1785 and a commission appointed to select a site and build a Court House at some suitable point in the county. About 1786 the town of Yorkville was laid out and founded at the intersection of these roads. I have never been able to find these maps of Cook and Mouxon, but I get this information from an old paper prepared by Colonel W. C. Beatty in 1839. This section being settled by emigrants from Pennsylvania and Virginia, it is easily seen where the county gets its name of York,--just as our adjoining counties got theirs of Lancaster and Chester.

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YORK COUNTY AREA

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HISTORY OF YORK - continued from page 4

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The town was first known as Yorkville. It seems to me that now would be a very good time to drop the “ville”, just as Chester, Union, and Sumter have their “Ville,” and Charlotte its “burg.” The first deed that I find on record is from William Hill to John Gee, and is described as follows: “A certain lot of ground No. 17 in the town called “Yorkville” and adjoining Mr. Bailey’s on N. W. side of Congress Street, 66 ft. in front and 330 ft. in depth.” This deed is dated in 1788, and the price paid for the lot was Eight Spanish Milled Dollars. The next deed is from William Hill, who styles himself “Iron master,” to Elijah Bailey, “planter.” This lot is of the same dimensions and is known in the plat of the said town as Lot No. 16, adjoining to and South of the Court House lot. This deed is dated one year earlier (1787) though not recorded until later. The price paid for this lot was “Two Pounds, lawful money.” I have what is said to be the original map of the town, and from this map, as well as the description, it is fixed as being that lot at present owned by Mr. Harry I. McCaw. As a matter of curiosity, I traced the title, and found that Elijah Bailey conveyed to Robert McCaw, and from that time to the present it has continuously been the property of the McCaw family. All the lots in the village of Yorkville were originally laid off with a frontage of 66 feet, and a depth of 330 feet, with the exception of the eight lots lying on Liberty and Congress Streets,--two lots on each side of the said streets at their intersection. These lots are each ten poles in length and eight poles in depth. The lot where the Court House now stands was designated as the Court House lot. Directly across the street was the “goal lot.” Where the Witherspoon building stands was known as the “market lot,” and the Nichols building was the “church lot.” The lot now 35 and 36, and was sold to Robert Glendennin in 1813. The Witherspoon lot on the corner of Congress and Liberty Streets was first conveyed to John Brown for the consideration of $1. This was in 1801. When the town was originally laid off, it was the evident intention of the owners to donate a lot for a church and a market. The lot where Mrs. Neely now lives was indicated on the old maps as being the school house lot. Beginning with lot No. 16, which is on the west side of Liberty Street just south of the Court House, the next lot, No. 17, was sold to John Keown for one pound, seventeen shillings, and four pence. We find among the early owners of lots following on down this street, William Hackett, E. A. Crenshaw, Thomas McNeel, and Thomas Williams. While, on the other side of Congress Street in the same block and beginning at Jefferson Street, we find that after the three Clendennin lots, now owned by Dr. Bratton, that George Galhraith, and John Feemster, and Peter Quinn owned lots up to the old jail. This block was settled earlier than any other portion of the town. Beginning at Madison Street on the east side and coming south, we find that Lot No. 41 is the first lot, and it was sold to Aaron Williams. The next lot to A. A. McWhorter, No. 39 to the same party. The next lot was sold to Judge Smith; and the next three to Johnathan Beatty; the next to John Eggleston. On the west side of Congress Street, beginning with Madison Street and coming south, we find that Samuel Wright owned practically all of the property until you got back to about where Mr. Stroup’s store now stands. Then came A. Quay with two lots, and next B. Chambers. in all the deeds to Samuel Wright they are written to “Samuel Wright, shoe-maker.” I am told that this old man came here, as did many others, with a pack on his back, but soon acquired quite a considerable amount of property. The Latta building, where the residence stands, was first owned by John McCall, but afterwards sold to James Latta. Lot No. 4 which adjoins it on the north was sold to James Latta in 1805, and is spoken of as being the lot “where the said James Latta keeps his store.” When Mr. Latta first came here, he would bring his goods every court week, and display them in the inn or tavern. From this beginning resulted his large store in Yorkville, with branches in Camden, Chester, Columbia, and elsewhere. Coming south of Jefferson St. on the West Side, all that property now owned by F. E. Smith, Mrs. Parish, and Dr. White, down as far as the property of M. C. Willis, was originally owned by Judge Smith, a very learned, irrascible, cranky old man. He built the large white house that was afterwards destroyed by fire while occupied by Major Hart. This building was at one time used as a

girls’ school. Judge Smith must have attained some importance in the state, for he is spoken of as the “noted opponent of Calhoun.” He was once either elected or appointed to the United States Senate, and was afterwards defeated. He became so embittered over the defeat that he moved to Alabama where he died. The lot where the Presbyterian Church now stands was first owned by John McCaw, and the lot just west of it (the Rawls property) was owned by Johnathan Beatty. The Rawls house, spoken of as “the little red house,” was always believed to be haunted, and many interesting tales are told in conncection with the strange noises and “spooks” in this house. Perhaps one of the most important spots in the early history of the town was the head of the hollow near where Mr. Schorb’s studio stands. Here was the public springs, and I am told that all of the early settlers did their washing and obtained their water here before the ora of wells. Most tradition is to the effect that Robert Hayne owned the town of Yorkville. This is an error. William Hill first owned it, and Hayne sold many lots for him under the power of attorneyship. Hayne did afterwards buy a half interest in the unsold lots. It seems that the first settlers made a distinction between the “village of York Ville,” and the “town of York Ville”, for I find deeds reading, “a certain lot of land adjoining the “village of York Ville” beginning at a stake on the west side of Congress Street 4 chains and 50 links S 25 E. from the S. W. side of Jefferson and Congress Streets, and running S. 25 E. 9 links chains and 20 links to a stake on the dividing between the town land and Ramsey’s.” From this and other similar deeds, I infer that the “village of York Ville” included the two blocks from mr. J. W. Dobson’s to Mr. J. C. Wilborn’s; while the “town” land was triangular in form, extending from about Wright Avenue south to Mr. M. C. Willis’ north line.

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high cotton antiques Locally Owned & Operated By Barbara Cloaninger, Lee Butler & Harry Parrish Monday - Saturday 10:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. • Sunday 1:00 P.M. - 5:00 P.M. In Business For 16 Years For the discriminating fancier of fine antique merchandise HIGH COTTON ANTIQUES offers an exquisite assortment of quality pieces of history. Their shop features items from many periods and their prices are very competitive. Drop in and browse....you’ll enjoy every moment! Situated at 212 South Main St. in Clover, phone 803-222-5045, this fine shop is proud to display such sought-after pieces as original porcelains, fine crystal, furniture, collectibles and many other unusual and valuable items. There’s practically no end to the fine merchandise you will find at this splendid antique dealer. They buy, sell and trade antiques. For quality merchandise and reasonable prices, contact HIGH COTTON ANTIQUES. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding antique shop among the area's leading businesses. Barbara, Lee and Harry thank their customers for past business and support, and invite you to stop by soon!

UR VISIT O DEN R A G LAWN & MENT T DEPAR

One of the best stores in town to shop for quality and value is WALMART SUPERCENTER, located at 970 East Liberty St. in York, phone 803-684-5486. They’re the Family Store. They carry a full line of clothing and shoes for each member of the family, as well as school supplies, furniture, housewares, sundries, hardware, toys, jewelry, sporting goods, all those pesonal items for your car, a full line grocery department, electronics, bakery, deli, meat department, fresh produce, pharmacy, vision center, 1 hour photo, a beauty salon, tire and lube express and much, much more. WALMART SUPERCENTER believes that the one most important thing is customer satisfaction, and the friendly, courteous personnel strive to assist you in every way. People prefer to do business with them because they furnish quality products at prices they can afford. We, the editors of this 2009 Historical Review, are pleased to be able to list WALMART SUPERCENTER among the area's leading businesses. The management, staff and all of our associates of WALMART SUPERCENTER thank their customers for business and support, and invite the entire area in to see the difference between a department store and a SUPERCENTER!

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YORK COUNTY AREA

TOWNS OF YORK COUNTY ROCK HILL

Nestled in the gentle rolling foothills of Piedmont South Carolina, Rock Hill is the largest city in York County. Rock Hill is known for its gardens and manicured landscapes, particularly Glencairn Garden, Cherry Park, and the historic Winthrop University campus. Cultural attractions in Rock Hill include “The GateWay,” a civic monument featuring “Civitas,” four heroic sculptures created by New York artist Audry Flack; and Mighty Casey, created by Colorado sculptor Mark Lundeen. Rock Hill’s friendly hospitality offers abundant year round cultural, recreational, and leisure time opportunities, as well as easy access to other regional tourist spots such as Historic Brattonsville, Carowinds, Museum of York County, Lake Wylie, and much more. Located on I-77, Rock Hill proves a safe, hometown atmosphere with easy access to big-city benefits. Population is 43,810.

YORK

York, the county seat, is located in the heart of South Carolina’s northern piedmont. The “White Rose City’ is a showcase for many carefully preserved homes and structures including the McCelvey Center. The Department of the Interior granted York one of the largest Historic Districts in the United States. The quaint restored downtown area offers the shopper a variety of antique and specialty shops. An 18 acre Community Park Complex with softball fields, walking trails and picnic area are available for leisure time activities. Population is 9,900.

ROCK HILL

Rock Hill received its name from a small, flinty hill encountered when the Charlotte, Columbia & Augusta Railroad was being built through this section in 1852 and was officially recognized by the establishment of a U.S. Post Office on April 17 of that year. By 1854, business establishments began to appear around the depot. During the War between the States, this was a transfer point for troops and supplies. The period after the war was a difficult one, but gradually there was a growth of population and an increase in business through the shipment of local products, particularly cotton. The village was incorporated in 1870, as a town, and in 1892, as a city. The 100th anniversary of the founding of Rock Hill was marked in May, 1952, with a week-long centennial celebration. As an outgrowth of this celebration, many historical facts were uncovered, which were also consolidated into an official history of Rock Hill, published in book form in 1953. The first cotton mill was established in 1880. Over the years, other plants have been built and at present there are many plants in the Rock Hill area producing a wide variety of goods. The selection of Rock Hill as the location of Winthrop College in 1895 was an incentive for the growth and progress of the city. From the beginning, the growth of the city has been steady, with no periods of depression and with no strictly boom periods. Few cities have a stronger citizenship.

FORT MILL

Located in eastern York County, Fort Mill is the home of Springs Industries, one of the nation’s largest textile manufacturing companies. The small town ambience has been preserved through the spirit of friendliness and hospitality. The last meeting of the full Confederate Cabinet was held at the White Homestead in Fort Mill. Population is 4,930.

CLOVER

Located in the northwest corner of York County, Clover is rich in Indian heritage and Colonial history. A well established business, manufacturing and educational climate make Clover an exceptional place to live. Clover’s population is 5,170.

TEGA CAY

Tega Cay is a safe, friendly, recreational community, situated on a 1,600 acre peninsula embraced by 16 miles of Lake Wylie’s shoreline. It is located about half way between Charlotte and Rock Hill and just a few miles off I-77. As a residential community, it is preeminent in year-round recreational and social opportunities. Tega Cay Country Club offers 18 holes of championship golf, swimming pools, eight lighted tennis courts and two full service marinas. A population of 3,200 genuinely enjoy the good life.

HICKORY GROVE

A rural community in western York County, Hickory Grove is the former crossroads for the Charleston, Cincinnati and Chicago Railroads. Although the railroads are no longer there, the friendly, caring community they brought still remain. Population is 380.

SMYRNA

This one square mile of Western York County has the distinction of being the smallest town in the county. At the local general store, you can pick up all the latest news along with anything from canned goods to bricks. Residents boast that ‘life is good’ in Smyrna. Population is 60.

McCONNELLS

McConnells is a country community spread out over two square miles of pasture land where old homeplaces and groves of trees dot the beautiful landscape. Population is 240.

SHARON

This rural town, named after the local Sharon ARP Church, rests at the crossroads of Hwy. 211 and Hwy. 49. There are quaint shops and restaurants for visitors to enjoy, but never a traffic jam. Population is 380.

LAKE WYLIE

A beautiful lakeside community on the North Carolina border, Lake Wylie offers visitors a variety of activities including fishing and boating and fine restaurants. A small conference center overlooking the lake is available for small conventions, meetings and social occasions.

York County

The Catawba Indians were the first known inhabitants of this area. In 1735 the Crown began a boundary survey of the Carolinas. In the 1750's the first white settlers came into the region. They were Scotch-lrish families from Pennsylvania traveling along the Blue Ridge Mountains. They brought with them the names and customs of their mother countries and the Pennsylvania counties of York, Chester and Lancaster, where they had lived for a short while. During the Revolution, the area now known as York County was the only part of South Carolina that refused to surrender to the British. Eventually, two battles were fought in York County. At Williamson's Plantation near Brattonsville on July 12, 1780, forces under Col. J. Rutus Bratton defeated the infamous Capt. Christian Huck's Tories. A few weeks later on Oct. 7, 1780, Col. Patrick Ferguson's forces were soundly thrashed by bands of backwoodsmen from the Carolinas, Tennessee and Virginia at the Battle of Kings Mountain. This battle is generally considered by historians to have been the turning point of the war. Now a National Military Park, the battleground is located in northwestern York County. The town of Yorkville was established as a county seat in 1785. The commercial district grew and prospered along two roads known as Fergus' Crossroads. By 1823, Robert Mills in his “Atlas of South Carolina” noted that Yorkville was growing and showing signs of being a future seat of education and culture. By 1850, Yorkville was incorporated and had entered its ‘Golden Decade.’ With the coming of the railroad, Yorkville became the center of a plantation aristocracy. Fine town houses, public buildings and educational institutions were built. The Kings Mountain Military Academy and the Yorkville Female Seminary were considered to be two of the finest educational establishments in the state of South Carolina. Economic stagnation followed the War Between the States, and it was not until the early 1890's did Yorkville regain some measure of its former economic stability with the establishment of the first cotton mills in the area. With the turn of the 20th Century, textiles became a way of life for a York populace enriched by over a century of social, political and economic evolution. York's awareness of its rich architectural heritage has been demonstrated throughout the 20th Century. Historic home tours, scores of articles in newspapers and magazines; and the formation of the Yorkville Historical Society provide an impetus by which York's living history continues to thrive. As part of the Bicentennial the inner city of York was nominated as an Historical District to the National Register. After three years of lengthy research, the Department of the Interior designated York one of the largest historic districts in the United States.

YORK COUNTY AREA

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Fort Mill

ily theme park featuring nine theme areas, a large number of rides, Broadway style shows, special areas for children, and shopping and dining. Located seven miles from Fort Mill, Carowinds provides summer employment and hospitality training for over 1,200 high school and college youth. Outlet Market Place Right next door to Carowinds, it provides exciting shopping at factory stores. New Heritage USA A family oriented resort, television production and conference center. Kings Mountain National Military Park This historic national park was the site of the American Revolution in the South, where backwoodsmen defeated a large British force. A state park at Kings Mountain has recreational facilities and a working frontier homestead. Brattonsville is a restored village which was the site of an earlier victory over the British. Andrew Jackson State Park and Landsford Canal State Park are nearby historical sites. The Museum of York County contains the largest collection of mounted African wildlife in the world, along with natural history, art, and science exhibits and a planetarium. Lake Wylie offers fishing, skiing, sailing, swimming, and other water sports along 325 miles of shore line. Confederate Park in downtown Fort Mill features a bandstand, a landscaped area, and monuments to the Catawba Indian, loyal slaves, Confederate women, and Confederate soldiers. Downtown Fort Mill Quaint shops line Main Street, while Charlotte offers the shopping opportunities of a major metro area only minutes away on I-77. The Leroy Springs Recreation Complex in Fort Mill provides well-rounded recreation facilities. Many fine golf courses are located in the area for the enthusiast, one of which is in Fort Mill's city limits. Carolina beaches (4 hours) and mountains (2 hours) are easily accessible to Fort Mill. Fort Mill's annual festival,-Fest-i-fun, is held the first weekend in May to celebrate the arrival of Spring. The Springmaid Road Race, held each December under the sponsorship of Springs Industries and Leroy Springs and Company, attracts over 1,000 runners to the half-marathon and the 10-K races. The Fort Mill Field Trial Club and Leroy Springs and Company hold a field trial each spring and fall, hosting the finest bird dogs in the Southeast. Professional baseball The Charlotte Knights' field is only minutes from downtown Fort Mill in Fort Mill Township. The Charlotte Hornets professional basketball in the Charlotte Coliseum is 20 minutes away. Winthrop College Coliseum, featuring college sports and other attractions, is 4 miles from Fort Mill. Winthrop also offers a host of cultural events, such as music recitals and plays, many of which are free.

HISTORIC FORT MILL VICTORIAN HOME History Fort Mill takes its name from a colonial-era fort built by the British and a grist mill on nearby Steele Creek. The area has a rich history. The Catawba Indians made their home here for many years. Scotch-Irish settlers began arriving in the 1750s and 1760s and a small settlement soon developed. Fort Mill grew rapidly in the late 1800s as textile mills were established. Highlights in Fort Mill's history include: - Jefferson Davis and the Confederate Cabinet passed through the area in their flight from Richmond in 1865. The last meeting of the full Confederate Cabinet was held at the White Homestead in Fort Mill. - Fort Mill was the home of Elliott White Springs, World War I flying ace, author, industrialist, and member of the SC Hall of Fame. First Settlers In the mid-1700s, Thomas Spratt and his wife Elizabeth were traveling through upper South Carolina in their wagon. They spent a night among the friendly Catawba Indians and were invited to stay and live in the area on a large tract of land given to them. They became the first white settlers in the Fort Mill area and their descendants still live here. This same spirit of friendliness and hospitality still exists today in Fort Mill. We invite you to visit our area and sample the good life along the Catawba River in Fort Mill. Attractions Fort Mill offers a small town atmosphere with the resources of a metropolitan area. Opportunities for recreation are almost unlimited. Within a short drive you will find: Carowinds A premier entertainment attraction, Carowinds is a 77-acre all day famcontinued above

BBBB BRATTONSVILLE

Brattonsville, located on the road from York to Chester, represents the evolution of a family, a cultural system, and various styles of American architecture. The oldest building, a log cabin known as the Revolutionary House, was built prior to 1780 by Colonel William Bratton. The Homestead (1823-28), built by Colonel Bratton’s son, Dr. John S. Bratton, represents the Federalist architecture. The building which was designed as a girl’s school and a general store is known as the Bricks (1843), and it is typical of the Greek Revival style. The houses are furnished in period furniture to show how an upper South Carolina family lived during pioneer and antebellum periods. Some unusual features of the Brattonsville area are the detached dining room the brick slave house, and the doctor’s office. Historically, Brattonsville is significant to the American Revolutionary period. On July 12, 1780, about one-quarter mile behind Colonel Bratton’s house, the Patriots, led by Colonel Bratton, defeated a band of Tories who were led by Captain Christian Huck. This victory is important because it was the first defeat of the British since the fall of Charles Town in the preceding May.

HISTORIC BRATTONSVILLE ROUTE 1 McCONNELLS, SC 29726 (803) 684-2327

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CHEROKEE COUNTY AREA

Cowpens National Battlefield

The Gaffney Peachoid The Peachoid looks like the world's biggest peach, but, in fact, it serves a very useful purpose. It was built in 1980-81 by the Gaffney Board of Public Works to hold one million gallons of water. This elevated storage tank will increase the water system's elevated storage capacity to 2.4 million gallons and will improve fire protection capabilities with better flow and pressure, and better serve prospective industries interested in iocating in the North and Northwest sections of Gaffney. In addition to these practical functions, the Peachoid has really put Gaffney on the map. Speculation in town has it that when someone asks where Atlanta is, they will be told that it's 190 miles south of the Big Peach. Although this may be a slight exaggeration, the Peachoid does get noticed. Most of the drivers passing the tank on Interstate 85 slow down to take a better look and many even pull off the highway to marvel at it or take pictures. One frequently sees children hurling themselves across the back seats of station wagons to press their noses against the window and gaze upward in wonder at that huge peach in the sky. Whatever possessed these people to build that thing? Whose idea was it, anyway? The project began one night in 1978 while the staff was working late. A water study pointed out that the town needed a new elevated water storage tank and the staff was speculating about whether they could get federal funds to build it. In a half jesting moment, Dick Crater, Board Manager, said, “Let's build it in the shape of a peach." Slowly the idea grew and captured the imagination of the Board members and townspeople. Jack Millwood, Chairman of the Board of Public Works, and the other Board members surveyed as many people as they could and got a favorable response, while the staff checked with their engineers, Harwood Beebe of Spartanburg, to see if it was a feasible project. Soon the project started coming together. The citizens of Gaffney thought it was a great idea; federal funds were applied for through the Appalachian Regional Commission and the South Carolina Appalachian Council of Governments; several tank manufacturers were interested in building it and bids were received. The Chicago Bridge and Iron Company won the bid and began work on the project. It took five months to design and mold the steel for the project. A foundation containing 10 million pounds of concrete had to be poured. One and one-half miles of welds had to be made. In fact, the welding job was so large that welding rods were delivered to the site by the ton. The peach shape presented some special problems. A stem 12 feet long and 18 inches in diameter was added to the top. A huge leaf, 60 feet long, 16 feet wide, and weighing 7 tons was applied to one side. And, a huge cleft along the entire height of the “peach" was created through using "falsework" or steel paneling welded to the sphere. A nipple was added to the bottom to complete the transformation from plain round water tank to giant Peachoid. Peter Freudenburg, an artist specializing in super-graphics and murals, was hired to paint the tank in colors matching the types of peaches grown in Cherokee County. Hours were spent selecting real peaches to use as a model. Fifty gallons of paint, combined to make more than 20 colors, were used in the final product. And, in June 1981, the transformation was complete. The plain, functional water tank was changed into a landmark. In addition to being a vivid indication of jus twhere Gaffney, South Carolina is located, the Peachoid also marks the beginning of the Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway - S.C. 11. This highway, which meanders through the foothills of the Piedmont, roughly parallels Interstate 85 and runs from Cherokee County to Oconee County, where it rejoins I-85 at the Georgia border. The Peachoid also serves one final purpose. It helps to set the record straight about which state is the biggest peach producer in the South. Contrary to popular belief, it is not Georgia. It is South Carolina. Now, maybe people will find that fact easier to remember.

Cowpens National Battlefield was the site of one of the most famous battles in American History. It was on the afternoon of January 16, 1781 that General Daniel Morgan and his tough Continentals and backwoods militia marched onto this frontier pasturing ground of gently rolling terrain and open woods. The following morning a complete American victory was secured in less than an hour, while the British losses were a staggering 80 percent killed, wounded or captured. Today a part of the National Park System that preserves natural and historic landmarks across America. Cowpens National Battlefield offers a visitor center, automobile trail, walking trail and picnic area.

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gaffney

CHEROKEE COUNTY AREA

MICHAEL GAFFNEY On December 1,1800 a man named Michael Gaffney arrived in the up-country. It was then when the first store was established in this section, and owned by Michael Gaffney and his co-partner McCarton. It was located at first, a few miles west of the point where Gaffney City now stands, not far from Thickety Creek Mr. McCarton came ahead of Mr.Gaffney and established the store. Mr.Gaffney seems to have been the leading man of the business. He arrived in Charleston from New York, Feb.3,1800. He spent the summer there, where he had a severe attack of fever. By this time, Mr. Gaffney says in his journal, “I was beginning to get pretty tired of Charleston. It made me think of going to my partner, a Mr. McCarton, who lived about 250 miles up the country north-west of Charleston.” He left Charleston on Dec. 11,1800 and arrived at his new home in 6 days, which was on Dec. 17,1800. The coming of this remarkable man into this locality, was an important event in the history of this section of the country. The store was soon moved from its first location to the place long known as Gaffney's Cross Roads, On July 21,1803, some months after he established his store at Cross Roads, he married Mary Smith who resided near Smith’s Ford. Sometime in 1804 Michael moved his family to a newly constructed house near his store. For a number of years thereafter the place was known as Gaffney’s Cross Roads. Although there were no other buildings at the site except his barn, his home, and the store, which also served as a tavern and lodging house for travelers, it’s name was changed to Gaffney’s Old Field, and still later it was called Gaffney’s. The site was later incorporated as The Town of Gaffney City. In his journal, Michael Gaffney records the following remarks about this settlement: “I expected to see a fine country, but was surprised to find it poor, sandy, rocky and hilly. The people are poor. Their dress generally is a hunting shirt and trousers of coarse cotton yarn. Every farmer or planter is his own shoemaker, tanner, tailor, carpenter, brassier, and in fact, everything else. Everything comes by the farmer or his family. It is the business of the wife and daughter to pick cotton and have it brought home, pick from it the seed, spin it, weave it, and make it ready for your back. Some of the girls make very handsome cloth.”He further says, “Here the women must do everything from cooking to plowing, and after that they have no more life than Indian squaws. They hardly ever sit down to the table with their husbands, but wait on them like menial servants.” Allowances must be made for this description given by one fresh from the old country and used to city life, as was the case with Michael Gaffney, the pioneer merchant of our section. The lot of our mothers in colonial times was indeed a hard one as compared with that of women in the mother countries, of that date, or with the women of our time. But our mothers were brave and industrious and acted their part in life voluntarily and with fortitude. Robert Michael Gaffney also known as Captain Michael Gaffney and Mary had nine children; Nancy, Lucinda, Melinda Riley, James Madison Smith, Henry Green, Cornelius John, Gistavus Joseph, William Godolphen and Thomas Westhaven.

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During the war for southern independence, Governor Pickens was in charge of military operations at Charleston, with headquarters in the Charleston Hotel.

Charleston Hotel, 1839, the “grandest hotel ever built in Charleston.” Photo Courtesy of: Allen Stokes, Caroliniana Library. It was here on December 26, 1860 that A.H. Colt negotiated with Governor Pickens the contract for Colonel Samuel Colt’s weapons. On January 5, 1861 Governor Pickens hears that the Star of the West, with 250 troops on board is leaving New York enroute to Charleston. This action prompted Governor Pickens to direct his ordinance colonel to order 25 Colt navy pistols.

money matters pawn shop Locally Owned & Operated By Chris Spencer Monday - Friday – 9:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. Saturday 9:00 A.M. - 1:00 P.M. You know...sometimes you just need a few dollars to get you through until the next payday. Help is nearby when you stop in at MONEY MATTERS PAWN SHOP in Gaffney at 521 West Frederick St., phone 864-902-0202. They loan money on anything of value...and they'll probably loan you more! When you need a quick $20 or so, take that old shotgun, rifle or whathaveyou to this reliable pawnbroker and they'll see that you get the money you need. They specialize in short term loans for good, honest people just like you! MONEY MATTERS PAWN SHOP also serves as a retail outlet for all types of merchandise. So, whether you need some cash or want to save money on good, used merchandise, stop in at this well-managed shop. The authors of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding firm among the area's leading businesses.

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GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA continued from below

Notable People From Greenville

published by Bethany House Publishers.

Actors and Journalists

Notable figures who were born in, lived in, or are otherwise associated with Greenville.

Scientists

Wayne Oates (1917-1999), psychologist who shaped pastoral counseling and coined the word 'workaholic.' Charles H. Townes (1915-), Nobel Prize-winning physicist; invented the laser. John B. Watson, influential psychologist, established the psychological school of behaviorism.

Frank Blair (1916-1995), anchor of NBC's Today Show from 1953 to 1975. Formerly worked at WFBC-TV (now WYFF) in Greenville. Tim Brosnan, Actor, playwright, composer William M. Campbell, named president of Discovery Networks U.S. in May 2002. Tyler Florence, Food Network Chef, cookbook author. Bo Hopkins, actor. Orlando Jones, actor. Anne Pressly, Former journalist for Little Rock, Arkansas KATV, before she was brutally beaten. She later died from her injuries. Jane Robelot, Anchored CBS This Morning from August 1996 until June 1999. Joanne Woodward, Academy Award-winning actress and wife of Paul Newman.

Keelan Parham, cartoonist,author

Athletes

Kevin Garnett, professional basketball player from Mauldin, SC. Lucas Glover, professional golfer. Andre Goodman, Professional football player for the Miami Dolphins. Jay Haas and Bill Haas, professional golfers. George Hincapie, professional cyclist, Paris-Roubaix runner up. "Shoeless Joe" Jackson (1889-1951), Major League baseball player with the thirdhighest career batting average in history. David Jones, Professional Football player, Cincinnati Bengals. Tommy Jones, professional bowler. Gary Player, golf legend who recently moved his company's headquarters to Greenville. Charles Warren, professional golfer. Travelle Wharton, Professional Football Player, Carolina Panthers.

Musicians

Peg Leg Bates, from the little town of Fountain Inn, South Carolina in southern Greenville County. Browning Bryant, singer-songwriter. Peabo Bryson, singer. Mike Carroll, vocalist/guitarist for popular "shoegaze/emo" group Autumns Jones. Jon Crocker, singer-songwriter. Jesse "The Devil" Hughes, vocalist/guitarist for the Eagles of Death Metal. Dan Forrest, composer, teacher, and winner of numerous composition prizes, including the John Ness Beck Award for his music. Hovie Lister, pianist/vocalist for the Statesman Quartet. Keith Lockhart, noted performer and conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra. Edwin McCain, pop/rock singer-songwriter. Emile Pandolfi, pianist. Joan Pinkston, composer of hymn tunes and traditional Christian sacred music. Karl Sanders vocalist/guitarist for the Egyptian-themed death metal band Nile. Chris Sligh, American Idol Season 6 contestant. Aaron Tippin, country music star. Josh White (c.1915-1969), folk, blues, and gospel singer and guitarist.

Politicians and Clergy

Jim DeMint (born 1951), U.S. Senator from South Carolina Jesse Jackson (born 1941), two-time presidential candidate, civil rights activist, and Baptist minister Robert Reynolds "Bob" Jones, Sr. (1883-1968), evangelist, founder of Bob Jones University William H. Perry (1839-1902), United States Representative from South Carolina John Piper (1946-), theologian, minister and author, spent most of his youth in Greenville. Harry A. Slattery (1887–1949), American lawyer and statesman, US Under Secretary of the Interior from 1938-39 and gave his name to the Slattery Report

Authors

Dorothy Allison, author of Bastard Out of Carolina who now lives in Los Angeles area. Cat Bauer, author of Harley, Like a Person and Harley's Ninth who now lives in Venice, Italy. John Culbertson, published playwright of Messiah on the Frigidaire and The Spectator Sport. Nicholas Sparks, author. Message in a Bottle was written in Simpsonville. Jamie Langston Turner, (1949-) educator and novelist, author of six books including the Christy Award Winning novels, "Winter Birds" and "Some Garden to Keep", continued above

Artists

Military Figures

Rudolf Anderson, became the only combat casualty in the Cuban Missile Crisis when his U-2 spy plane was shot down. Richard Pearis, early settler and Loyalist militia officer during the American Revolution. John M. McConnell, former director of the NSA, retired Vice Admiral of the Navy.

12121212 Greenville

Greenville is the county seat of Greenville County, South Carolina, United States, in the state's upstate region. Greenville is in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains; therefore, the city and county contain many hills and knolls. The highest point in South Carolina, Sassafras Mountain, is located nearby in the northern part of Pickens County, which is adjacent to Greenville County to the west. Paris Mountain, home to many of the area's television and radio station towers, is the second most prominent peak in the area, and overlooks the downtown area from less than 7 miles (11 km) away. According to the United States Census Bureau, Greenville has a total area of 67.7 km² (26.1 mi²). 67.5 km² (26.1 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. Gold and other minerals have been mined in Greenville since the early 1800s. Rubies, amethysts, garnets, tourmalines, unakite and emeralds occur within 60 miles (97 km) of the city, likely washed down from the nearby mountains. Granite abounds in the area and is mined in Greenville as well as in neighboring counties. Greenville sits on the associated faults of the Brevard Fault, a mostly quiet system which has, nonetheless, experienced some earthquakes of up to 6.0 on the Richter scale in the past 50 years; however, local earthquakes usually measuring not more than 3.0 are more the norm. Most of the city sits on various fault lines which seem to come together around Paris Mountain, a monadnock below which sits the city. This activity could be connected with the construction of Lake Hartwell. Since 1990, Greenville has experienced fewer than 15 noticeable quakes, mostly centered in the Sandy Flats area.

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GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA

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greenville - continued from page 10

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The area was part of the Cherokee Nation's protected grounds after the Treaty of 1763, which ended the French and Indian War. No White man was allowed to enter, though some families already had settled just within the boundary, and White traders regularly crossed the area. The first White man to settle permanently in the area was Richard Pearis, who settled at the falls of the Reedy River, sometime after 1770, which are now located in what is downtown Greenville. Paris Mountain, overlooking the city, is named for him. During the American Revolution, the Cherokee (and Pearis) sided with the British. After a campaign in 1776, the Cherokee agreed to the Treaty of DeWitt's Corner, ceding territory that includes present-day Greenville County to South Carolina. Greenville was originally called Pleasantburg. Greenville County was created in 1786 from Spartanburg District (now Spartanburg County), but was called Greenville District from 1800 until 1868. Greenville is probably named for American Revolutionary General Nathanael Greene, or Lord Grenville. Greenville is the mother district to Pendleton District (now Anderson County), Pickens District (now Pickens County) and Oconee District (now Oconee County). During World War I; Greenville served as a training camp center for Army recruits. This eventually later fostered the development of Donaldson Air Force Base which became, aside from the railroad, a major economic force in Greenville. During the stock market boom of the 1920s, one of the most successful stick speculators was Walter Gassaway, who was also a stock broker. He took his newfound wealth and built himself and his wife a Scottish Castle, complete with a pipe organ and one of the finest views of Greenville and the mountains to be had at that time. When the 1929 stock market crash came, Walter could not financially handle the demands for his falling stock. He took his own life on the front lawn of the mansion he had just completed. During World War II, Donaldson Air Force Base was built and was very important to the economy of the City of Greenville. Donaldson served as a military base until the early 1960s, when it was returned to the City of Greenville. The former air base has been developed into a business park. It contains historic military-style barracks which are used now by various businesses. From 1870 to the late 1950s and early 1960s; Greenville had a strict segregationist code. Racial tensions were great enough to result in sporadic lynchings of African-Americans who were perceived to stress the imposed social boundaries. In 1949, the alleged rape of a white woman by a black man spawned the creation of a vigilante lynch mob. The mob seized the jail as well as the jailer; the suspect was then hung and a fire built beneath him. No semblance of a trial occurred. Blacks in the area were subject to the standard segregationist restrictions; they were limited to the back of city buses, were not permitted to stay in hotel or motel rooms which had white customers, and had to sit in the balcony of movie theaters. Especially significant was the restriction of Blacks from use of the public library, which partially motivated the activism of the library-denied Jesse Jackson. Jackson, working through the NAACP, organized a sit-in at Greenville's "F.W. Woolworth's Five and Dime" store, and quickly emerged as a prominent civil rights leader. Compared to similar events in locations such as Birmingham, the protests were considered peaceful.

luxury convention hotel on Main Street. Through the 1990s Greenville continued to strengthen its public/private partnerships to create strong anchors throughout downtown. The city redeveloped a languishing industrial area into an arts complex that incorporated historically significant buildings. It stabilized a stagnant historic district with the renovation of the WestEnd Market, a mixed-use project of shops, restaurants, and offices, which in turn encouraged residential use of vacant upper stories and former church classrooms. Though the majority of Greenville residents live in the suburbs, the last 5–10 years has seen a major boom in downtown living and working as new luxury condos, apartments and lofts go up and more and more businesses are moving their offices to the now thriving downtown. The National Trust for Historic Preservation awarded Greenville with the Great American Main Street Award in 2003. Since then it has been featured in numerous publications, including Southern Living Magazine. Greenville's public elementary and secondary schools are part of the Greenville County School District, which is the largest district in South Carolina. Greenville is also served by a number of private and religious schools. One important landmark of education, the South Carolina Governor's School for the Arts & Humanities, is located in Greenville overlooking the Falls Park on the Reedy. Greenville's economy was formerly based largely on textile manufacturing, and the city was once known as "The Textile Capital of the World." In the last few decades, low wages and favorable tax benefits have lured foreign companies to invest heavily in the area.

Landmarks Include:

Falls Park On The Reedy, a large regional park in the West End with beautiful gardens and several waterfalls. The park is home to the Liberty Bridge, a pedestrian suspension bridge overlooking the Reedy River. Greenville County Museum of Art specializing in American art, frequently with a Southern perspective that dates back to the 1700s. It is noted for its collections of work by Andrew Wyeth and Jasper Johns, as well as a contemporary collection that features such notables as Andy Warhol, Georgia O'Keeffe, and others. Bob Jones University Museum and Gallery, a collection of religious art, is located on the campus of Bob Jones University. They also sponsor the Museum and Gallery at Heritage Green a smaller, centrally located satellite of the larger University Museum and Gallery. Greenville Zoo, in Cleveland Park. Roper Mountain Science Center is a resource for area students, and is home to the largest planetarium in South Carolina. The Furman University campus features a prominent Bell Tower housing a 61 Bell Carillon, one of the largest in the southeast. The campus also contains an authentic Japanese Garden. The former Duke Power building and Greenville Waterworks. located off Highway 123 and Washington Street Downtown. The Duke Power building's lobby contains a custom made chandelier that weighs over 2 tons. Initially, Greenville's buildings were demolished and rebuilt fairly frequently. Greenville has one of the last Frank Lloyd Wright homes ever built. At one time the retail center of the region, Greenville's downtown district began to languish in the 1960s as shopping centers lured the retailers and customers to the suburbs. It was a moribund downtown in the midst of a growing region. In response, the city started a downtown renewal project. It initially focused on improving its image through streetscape and traffic improvements, including narrowing main street from four lanes to two lanes; installing free, angled parking, trees, flowers and light fixtures; and creating parks and plazas throughout downtown. This began in the 1960s and later under Mayor Max Heller who settled in the United States from Austria. The downtown streetscape renovation was designed by Landscape Architect Lawrence Halprin. In the 1980s, Greenville turned to laying the foundation for their downtown vision and providing an example of business potential to encourage business re-location to downtown (Greenville Commons/Hyatt Regency). The city worked with consultants to develop and implement a downtown master plan and facilitated public-private investment partnerships which resulted in the city's first continued above

all-tech auto repair, inc. Monday - Friday 8:00 A.M. - 5:30 P.M. At ALL-TECH AUTO REPAIR, INC., they feature complete repairs on all makes of automobiles, both domestic and foreign. They are located at 3670 Calhoun Memorial Hwy. in Greenville, phone 864-295-1125. Here you will always receive excellent service at the most reasonable of prices. When you drive your car into ALL-TECH AUTO REPAIR, INC., it will be put into the very best of condition by qualified personnel and always at reasonable rates. This well-known firm has a reputation for ability and experience in handling all auto repair work. For quality repairs including tune-ups, engine overhauls, brakes, oil changes, a/c and much more call the people at ALLTECH AUTO REPAIR, INC. ALL-TECH AUTO REPAIR, INC. thanks their customers for placing their complete trust and confidence in them, and reminds you they are of service to the entire area.

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YORK COUNTY AREA

reasonable & Group rates

Locally Managed By Chris Hoofnagle Looking for better prices on lumber and building materials? Check with the friendly people at LOWE’S OF YORK and find out what value in building materials really means. Conveniently located at 1010 East Liberty St. in York, phone 803-684-1548, this outstanding retail outlet has the selection, the service, and the low prices to draw customers from miles around! LOWE’S stocks over 46,000 products and has another 400,000 products available through their Special Order Service. LOWE’S offers professional installation on many items they sell, including water heaters, storm doors, vinyl flooring, carpet, appliances, blinds, ceiling fans, and fencing, to name a few. LOWE’S is committed to offering the best service and their knowledgeable professionals will assist you with all of your building needs. We, the editors of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list LOWE’S OF YORK among the area's leading businesses. The management and associates at LOWE’S OF YORK thank their customers for past business and support, and invite the entire area to shop with them soon.

• • • •

DELUXE Continental Breakfast 75% NON-SMOKING Rooms! KING AND QUEEN BEDS! 59 Cable Channels including: 1 HBO, 2 ESPN’s, Weather Channel • JACUZZI Rooms • Handicap Rooms • Refrigerators • Voice Mail and Data Port Phones • Free In Room Safe • Wireless Hi Speed Internet • Fitness Room

803-329-7900 Fax: 803-329-7980

911 RIVERVIEW • ROCK HILL Exit 82-B From I-77 • Turn Left At Stoplight • Go 100 Yards EVERYONE AT HOWARD JOHNSON THANKS THEIR GUESTS FOR PAST BUSINESS & SUPPORT, & REMINDS YOU THEY ARE OF SERVICE TO THE ENTIRE AREA!

Open For Lunch Tuesday - Saturday 11AM - 2PM Sunday Brunch 10AM - 2PM

Gift Certificates Available

Featuring American Cuisine With A Southern Flare! “Business Or Pleasure, Why Not Both?” Tuesday - Saturday - Lunch 11:00 A.M. - 2:00 P.M. Sunday Brunch 10:00 A.M. - 2:00 P.M. Tuesday - Sunday - Dinner 5:00 P.M. - 10:00 P.M.

ALL ABC PERMITS

THE CONCORD COVE RESTAURANT is the popular meeting place for people in this area. Stop here for a meal that you won’t soon forget. They are located, in York, at 5303 Concord Rd. (near entrance of Catawba Nuclear Plant), phone 803-831-1036. The management invites you to drop in for some of the fine cooked foods in which they specialize, such as steaks, seafood, daily specials and much more! There is something about this restaurant that sets it apart from other eating places and makes it highly satisfactory. The extreme care and thought that goes into everything - the cooking, service, and arrangement, create a dining atmosphere that should be visited regularly. Their food is temptingly delicious, prepared in the most careful manner in a spotless, sanitary kitchen. You’ll find many delicious meals offered on their menu, all prepared to satisfy the most critical diner. In making this 2009 Historical Review, we the editors, wish to compliment THE CONCORD COVE RESTAURANT for their great food and friendly service, and are pleased to be able to list them among the area's leading businesses. THE CONCORD COVE RESTAURANT thanks their guests for past business and support, and invites the entire area to dine with them again soon!

Manager - Sam Ludlam Many people dream of someday owning their own home, and more and more of them are now realizing that the answer to this dream lies in the purchase of a quality manufactured home from a reputable dealer like LUV HOMES at 855 North Anderson Rd. in Rock Hill, phone 803-327-1121. This firm represents some of the best names in the business. Their qualified salespeople will be happy to sit down and discuss your requirements fully. At LUV HOMES, they will never rush you into a purchase. They don’t have to rely on “high powered” salesmanship because the quality of the products they carry speaks for itself. If you’re looking for a place to hang your hat and call home, talk to the people at LUV HOMES. They offer single, double wide, and modular homes in a wide range of decorator styles, with price tags that make sense. Manufactured homes have come a long way in recent years, and they now provide some of the best housing available. At LUV HOMES you will find the “best” of housing. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding firm among the area's leading businesses. Sam and his staff at LUV HOMES thank their customers for past business and support, and invite the entire area to visit them today!

ANDERSON, CHEROKEE, GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA

PAGE 13

Celebrating 21 Years!

Co-Manager - Lee Jolly Assistant Managers - Jodie Lovell, Linda Hall, Stephen Brenneman, Steve Devol, Christine Lewis, Bruce Whitehead & Cedric Wilson One of the friendliest stores in town is WALMART SUPERCENTER! Here’s the place you’ve been looking for, if you like the kind of store where courtesy and service are bywords of business, and the selection is ultra-complete. Located at 651 Hwy. 28 Bypass in Anderson, phone 864-261-7420, this full-line store has more to offer! They feature a complete grocery department, fresh meats and produce, bakery and deli. Sundries, housewares, toys, games, hardware, cosmetics, drugs, school supplies, stationary, gifts, candy, fabrics, notions and automotive supplies are among the many essential items featured here. The prices are just as low as anywhere else, and smart shoppers keep a regular list of needed goods in order to be able to pick them up in one convenient stop. They also have a hair salon, vision center, and bank. Personal service is an important part of the business operated by this concern. If YOU want to shop where selection and service are at their best, the editors of this 2009 Historical Review invite you to try WALMART SUPERCENTER! You won’t regret it. The associates at WALMART SUPERCENTER thank their customers for past business and support, and look forward to serving you in the future.

UR 24 HO G N TOWI E IC SERV

howard's body shop & wrecker service Locally Owned & Operated By Bryan Davis Monday - Friday 9:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M.

People in the Greenville County area don't have to look far and wide for a firm which is capable of doing the highest quality auto body work and painting. HOWARD'S BODY SHOP & WRECKER SERVICE at 121 Duffie Rd. in Simpsonville, phone 864-963-8660, can refinish and repaint ANY car or truck, foreign or domestic. Their work is well-known as being fast, economical AND beautiful! If you have an old car that needs restoring bring it here to Bryan, he'll put it back to perfect condition for you. When you bring your car into this outstanding body and paint shop, you can rest assured that the work will be done to your complete satisfaction. From a small crease to a roll-over, you can do no better than to trust your car to the experienced pros at HOWARD'S BODY SHOP & WRECKER SERVICE. The authors of this 2009 Historical Review urge all of our readers to remember that all insurance companies permit you to choose the body shop you like best. Bryan and everyone at HOWARD'S BODY SHOP & WRECKER SERVICE thank their customers for placing their complete trust and confidence in them, and remind you they are of service to the entire area.

MECHANICAL SERVICES Certified Auto Care Locally Owned & Operated By Don Goble, Sr. Proudly Serving You Since 1988 For the type of performance you expect from your car or truck, visit MECHANICAL SERVICES for expert repairs on all makes and models, foreign and domestic. This complete car care center is located at 110 West Rutledge Ave. in Gaffney, phone 864-487-5888, and offers you honest, accurate and reliable service at competitive prices. They care about your car or truck just like you do and their goal is your complete satisfaction. After all, a satisfied customer is a good referral. MECHANICAL SERVICES can handle anything from a tune-up or brake work to a major repair or overhaul. Their certified technicians and their state-of-the-art equipment assures you that your investment will continue to be a good one. We, the writers of this 2009 Historical Review for Cherokee County, think that if you trust your car to the specialists at MECHANICAL SERVICES you won't be disappointed. Don and everyone at MECHANICAL SERVICES thank their customers for placing their complete trust and confidence in them!

Beauty By Design Monday - Wednesday 10:00 A.M. - 6:00 P.M. Thursday - Friday 9:00 A.M. - 6:00 P.M. Saturday 8:00 A.M. - 3:00 P.M. Today, more than ever before, a person's total image depends a great deal on their hair. Beautiful hair can make even the average person look and feel exquisite. In this area, men, women and children on the go, find the surroundings of BEAUTY BY DESIGN, located at 1305-A Laurens Rd. in Greenville, phone 864-370-5488, the "in" place for hair styling. You too, are sure to find this place the most progressive hair styling salon to be found anywhere. Here you can relax and unwind in their pleasant atmosphere while professional hair stylists show you the latest, up-to-date, scientific approach to enhancing the beauty of anyone. The hair stylist here are specialists in styling, cutting, tinting, and waving. Their personnel here have a passion for perfection and flair for glamor. We, the editing staff of this 2009 Historical Review, emphatically hope that you enter a more exciting and beautiful world with a visit to BEAUTY BY DESIGN. We know you will be glad you did.

The Nutty Bavarian Of Greenville, LLC.

ThE NUTTY BAvARIAN of GREENvILLE, LLc. is a mobile areana cart, where they specialize in on-site roasting of cinnamon glazed peanuts, pecans, cashews, macadamia nuts and almonds. They also feature flavored popcorn for festivals, football games and any event.

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ANDERSON COUNTY AREA continued from below

Anderson County Named For Robert Anderson Robert Anderson (1741 – 1813) was a brigadier general in the colonial militia and a surveyor. He was a lifelong friend of General Andrew Pickens. Robert Anderson was born on November 5, 1741 in Augusta County, Virginia. His parents were John and Jane Anderson who had immigrated from Ireland. Before moving to Virginia, they had lived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He married Anne Thompson in 1765. The moved to South Carolina and settled near his friend from Virginia, Andrew Pickens. She died after twenty-five years of marriage. They had five children: Robert, Jr., married Maria Thomas; Anne, married Dr. William Hunter; Elizabeth married Robert Maxwell, who was killed in the Revolutionary War. Mary Elizabeth, married Samuel Maverick; and one child was Samuel Maverick. In 1793 Anderson married a second time, to Lydia Maverick, a widow in Pendleton, South Carolina. Her son, Samuel, married Robert's daughter Elizabeth. After the death of his second wife, he married Mrs. Reece. She was the widow of Dr. Thomas Reece, who was the pastor of Old Stone Church. In the Revolutionary War, he joined the Fifth South Carolina Militia. He became a captain in the regiment commanded by his friend Andrew Pickens when they fought Boyd's Loyalists. Anderson was one of the Patriots who gave their parole to the British as Ninety Six, South Carolina. Many took up arms after the British disregarded their promises. At the Battle of Cowpens, Anderson was a colonel under Brigadier General Andrew Pickens. Anderson also served under Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee. He fought in the Battle of Eutaw Springs, in which the British were victorious. Later, his regiment held the line against the British between Augusta, Georgia and Ninety Six. After the Revolutionary War, he fought with Andrew Pickens against the Cherokees. A treaty signed in 1777 ceded most of the Cherokee lands in the present Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens counties. Anderson was promoted to the rank of general in the state militia. He served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1791 to 1794 and from 1801 to 1802 from the Pendleton District. He was an elder of the Old Stone Church. In 1800, he was elector for Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. He owned 2,100 acres (8 km2) in the current Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens Counties including his home, Westville, on the west side of the Seneca River across from Andrew Picken's home, Hopewell. He died at his home on January 9, 1813. Due to a flood, they were not able to bury him at Old Stone Church, and he was buried on his estate. During the construction of Lake Hartwell, his body was reinterred at Old Stone Church. The ghost town of Andersonville, the City of Anderson, and Anderson County were named for him.

borhood for its employees. With this accomplished, they decided to preserve this historic house for the enjoyment of future generations. In 1961 the Kendall Company donated Magnolia Dale to the Edgefield Historical Society, in honor of Mrs. Tillman. Mrs. Tillman had approached the Kendall Company on several occasions requesting the donation. She had served as president of the Historical Society for 22 years. It was because of her persistence and love for the preservation of this historical landmark, that Magnolia Dale was finally donated. There are many portraits of prominent people hanging in this beautiful home. Arthur Simkins, born in 1742, died in 1826, and his wife, Margaret Dalby, is one of the portraits that grace the walls. He made many contributions to the development of Edgefield and is known as the "Father of Edgefield". Portraits of four of the daughters of Francis W. Pickens can also be seen in the home. Governor Pickens was born in 1807 and died in 1869. He served as Congressman, United States Ambassador to Russia and the Governor of South Carolina. He

continued on page 15

CMS GARAGE & BODY SHOP Proudly Serving This Area Since 1952 Manager - Steve Moon Monday - Friday 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. Service! That's the main product at CMS GARAGE & BODY SHOP, where the customer always comes first! Anytime you stop into this friendly auto center at 1219 South Main St. in Anderson, phone 864-225-7346, you can look forward to some of the very finest repairs on your auto or truck in this area. You'll sure be treated right. They specialize in major and minor repairs, oil changes, tune-ups, brakes, a/c, and much more, as well as, body work and painting. CMS GARAGE & BODY SHOP has built up a long list of satisfied customers and the reason is that business goes where it is invited and stays where it is well treated. That accounts in a very large measure for their success. Remember, for fast, dependable repairs, body work, and painting call CMS GARAGE & BODY SHOP. We, the editors of this 2009 Historical Review, know that you will be pleased with any work done by this fine auto center. Steve and staff thank their customers for placing their complete trust and confidence in them, and remind you they are of service to the entire area.

Magnolia Dale By Joyce Nunn Shumate, President Elizabeth Cain Musgrove Chapter #1929 United Daughters of the Confederacy

POP’S DINER

Magnolia Dale is located in Edgefield, South Carolina. It is built on land which was part of a royal grant to Peter Youngblood in 1762. This is the earliest known grant in the town of Edgefield. It is believed Magnolia Dale is built upon the same spot that Peter Youngblood's home once stood. Samuel Brooks, a native of Middlesex, Connecticut, built Magnolia Dale in 1830. It has changed hands many times over the years. In 1873 a prominent business man and lawyer of Edgefield, Alfred J. Norris, purchased it and he and his wife, Mary Fox raised a family there. The wedding of their daughter, Mamie, was there. Alfred J. Norris died in 1900. The Kendall Company, who owned many of the surrounding properties, purchased Magnolia Dale in 1930. Their intent was to build a model residential neighcontinued above

PROUDLY SERVING THIS AREA FOR THE PAST 12 YEARS MONDAY - SATURDAY 11:00 A.M. - 9:00 P.M. LOcALLY OwNED & OPERATED bY MANcEL cHADwIck

864-369-6920

308 McGEE ST.

HONEA PATH

EVERYONE AT POP’S DINER THANkS THEIR GUESTS FOR PAST bUSINESS & SUPPORT, & INVITES THE ENTIRE AREA TO DINE wITH THEM SOON!

ANDERSON COUNTY AREA

PAGE 15

POINTS OF HISTORIC INTEREST IN ANDERSON COUNTY 1. Arlington - Home of Governor James L. Orr - Demolished in 1958 to make room for a new armory building, was of traditional Southern colonial architecture. Governor Orr was the first elected governor of the state, being elected after the Civil War. Before this time, the governors had been appointed by the State Legislature. Funeral services were held for him in St. Petersburg, and his body was then returned to be buried in the church yard of the First Presbyterian Church on Whitner St. 2. Confederate Treasury - Building long since gone, stood on University Mill in 1100 block of South Main Street. Just prior to Sherman's entry into Columbia, a part of the Confederate Treasury had been previously occupied by the Johnson Female University. After the war, the Carolina Collegiate lnstitute was organized with Mr. W.J. Ligon in charge. In 1889, the Patrick Military Institute was opened here with Colonel John B. Patrick as President. 3. The Old Reformer - The little cannon on the Plaza Square was brought to Anderson from NinetySix in the early days of the 1800s. It belonged to an artillery company organized by the people living in the section now known as Deans and Starr. The cannon was the company's only field piece and a house was built for its safekeeping. It was regarded as too ancient for service in the War Between the States, but it was used to contribute voice to all Confederate victories. After the defeat of the South, its voice sank into silence until 1876, when its thunder was heard "from the mountains to the sea" as backers of General Wade Hampton aroused the people of South Carolina to overthrow the radical government. Colonel James N. Hoyt, then Editor of the Anderson Intelligencer, named the little cannon "Old Reformer." It is of English make and was probably used in the Revolution. One story says it was brought to Anderson County in 1814, by a man named Hanks believed to have been the father of Nancy Hanks and grandfather of Abraham Lincoln, but the story is pure tradition and without confirmation. Another source says that the cannon was brought to Starr from Charleston during the War of 1812 by Thomas Dean, who had purchased the cannon there. It was then kept at the old Howard Muster Grounds in Starr. 4. High Shoals - A historical marker erected on the Belton Highway near the Shoals by the Anderson County Historical Society reads as follows: "High Shoals, 2.9 miles south on Rocky River. Anderson Water, Light and Power Company, organized in 1894 by William C. Whitner, was successful the next year in transmitting electricity over the distance of six miles to Anderson. This achievement was a herald of the Industrial Revolution in the South." 5. Portman Shoals - Historical marker erected by Anderson County Historical Society located on Highway 28 about 10 miles west of Anderson on Lake Hartwell, reads as follows: "Portman Shoals, half mile west on Seneca River - the Portman Shoals Power Plant, built by William C. Whitner, begun in 1897 the transmission of high voltage electricity over the longest lines then in use for the purpose in the United States. Consequently, Anderson has been called "The Electric City." The actual site of the power plant was inundated by the water of Lake Hartwell. 6. The town of LaFrance - Home of LaFrance Industries, which is now a division of Riegel Textile Corporation, was originally named Autun, not from a combination of names as it is generally believed, but from a town for the same name in France meaning "factory." The first textile mill in the upcountry was located here on land acquired in 1836. It was called Pendleton Factory and Mr. Benjamin F. Sloan was the first president. It was later bought outright by Augustus J. Sitton in 1899. From the standpoint of continuous operation, this mill is the oldest one in the state. The first textile plant in the City of Anderson was Anderson Mill. It is now one of the Abney Mills chain. 7. Big Creek Baptist Church - Historical marker erected by the Anderson County Historical Society and the congregation of the church. Located in the Town of Williamston on the highway leading to Greenville. The marker reads: "Big Creek Baptist Church," two miles south, one of the oldest congregations and the mother of several others in Anderson County, it was organized in 1788 by the elder Moses Holland who served as pastor for 41 years. Dr. James Burton Gambrell's mother was a member here. Soldiers of five wars lie buried in the cemetery. MAGNOLIA DALE- continued from page 14

was the son of former Governor Andrew Pickens, Jr. and the grandson of the famous Revolutionary general, Andrew Pickens. The diplomatic document case which Francis Pickens used while in Russia is on display in the house also. Mrs. Tillman's portrait hangs in the house as does portraits of many of the former officers of the Edgefield Historical Society. The house is furnished with pieces of importance to the period and to the history of Edgefield County. In the dining room stands the sideboard that belonged to Governor George McDuffie, another famous Edgefield personality. He was born in 1788, served as Congressman in the 1820s and lead South Carolina's Nullification Movement, which was a significant force in the beginning of the conflict between the North and the South. Magnolia Dale now serves as the headquarters of the Edgefield County Historical Society. It is maintained as a museum for all to touch the historic past of Edgefield. If the walls of Magnolia Dale could but speak, oh, what stories it could tell. Just think of the number of famous people who lived a life in its rooms and the legacy they left Edgefield and South Carolina.

AUTO GLASS & INSTALLATION Over 47 Years Experience Got a broken windshield? See the auto glass specialists, AUTO GLASS & INSTALLATION at 3715 Mabry St. in Anderson, phone 864-296-9722, and have it replaced by experts! Many types of auto repairs can be performed by anyone with proper tools and complete instructions. Replacing a windshield is the exception to this rule. Trust your car to the professionals at this fine shop. The fact that AUTO GLASS & INSTALLATION is recommended by most insurance adjusters is a good indication that they do the best work in town. Regardless of what type of car or truck foreign or domestic you have, this firm can replace the glass in it quickly and at a reasonable price. All types of glass for all vehicles can be done with expedience, too! As the editors of this 2009 Historical Review, we are pleased to be able to list AUTO GLASS & INSTALLATION among the area's leading businesses. Everyone at AUTO GLASS & INSTALLATION thanks their customers for past business and support, and reminds you they are of service to the entire area!

ELLENBURG NURSING CENTER, INC. Serving The Area For The Past 43 Years Administrator - Lyndon Ellenburg

Quality care is available at the ELLENBURG NURSING CENTER, INC. in Anderson at 611 East Hampton St., phone 864-226-5054. With RN supervision and doctors on call at all times, the staff follows prescribed special diets and physicians’ orders. This health care center stresses love and care and the focus is on recovery and continuing improvement. Physical therapy is also available to assist the resident with the strengthening of muscles and several exercise and recreation programs are featured. There’s a social life at the ELLENBURG NURSING CENTER, INC., too, with the recovering resident being urged to participate in order to regain the spirit, which makes living so worthwhile. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list ELLENBURG NURSING CENTER, INC. among the area's leading businesses. Lyndon and everyone at ELLENBURG NURSING CENTER, INC. thank the residents and their families for placing their complete trust and confidence in them through the years, and remind you they are of service to the entire area!

PAGE 16

OCONEE COUNTY AREA

Westminster Home of the South Carolina Apple Festival

Historical Districts

A treasure trove of wonderful architecture, Westminster, SC boasts more than one hundred homes that are unique to the late 1800's and turn-of-the-century -- 90 percent of them occupied and maintained with great diligence and pride. These treasures are an important part of our heritage and tradition. Old Main Street, with its unique shops and hometown atmosphere, has benefited from an influx of private investment to restore and renovate most of its buildings. From the locally-owned drug store to the hometown newspaper office, and all the specialty shops in between, Old Main Street is a browser's delight. Westminster has another unique area. One of the few small southern communities with a textile mill still located, and operating, within its' city limits. This mill, Beacon Manufacturing (a division of Pillow-tex) is a main-stay of the local economy with its employment of 640 plus people. Surrounding the mill are many of the original company-owned homes that housed the workers of the factory. Many have been renovated and stand as a testimony of another era.

Chattooga National Wild and Scenic River was the filming location for the movie Deliverance.

Abbey Street / Isundega Street area

This area has been selected for designation as a "historical" district due to several elements, which include, but are not limited to: The Westminster Presbyterian Church (The oldest standing church in Westminster), The Ballenger House, The Grubbs House, The McCormick House and many others. These homes present a unique and stately representation of turn-of-the-century architecture. Many have been completely renovated. Others are in the process of renovation, with still others expected to be on the market in the next few years. This is a neighborhood that demands to be preserved for future generations.

Retreat Street Area

Along this wonderful neighborhood street are some of the finest homes in Westminster. Some have been held in the same family for several generations. Notable for the architecture, Retreat Street offers a glimpse of the stately homes of the successful men who helped create the City of Westminster. Alongside these marvellous pillared homes are wonderful examples of bungalow style homes with their sweeping front porches and sedate white posts. There are at least eight homes on this street alone that warrant driving by to admire. There is also the Mason home which, while not renovated, is well worth the time to see. This is the stuff that Southern Living fans dream of. A rare treat for the "small town visitor," Retreat Street is a great example of a neighborhood were pride has overcome the urge to change.

Mill Hill Area

This area, created out of a need for housing for mill workers, has several fine examples of "company" housing. Although now privately owned, a drive by this area will bring back memories for many adults and is a great lesson in the history and economics of the small southern town. Our children will embrace the stories of "Mill Town" and grow in appreciation of their grandparents struggle to create a better life for them. Also located in this area are several wonderful homes that are in the process of being saved. Additionally, the old school, which now stands boarded-up and unused, can be seen.

Old Main Street

From Lucky Street to North Avenue, "Old Main" is still a jewel. With the infusion of private dollars by local businesses, historic Main Street has now reclaimed nine of its best buildings. If you are planning to visit Westminster, set aside some time for just "browsing" through the many antique and specialty stores in the area. Visit the old Depot, which has been fully restored and houses the Westminster Chamber of Commerce. For More Information Contact: WESTMINSTER CHAMBER OF COMMERCE P. O. Box 155 ~ Historic Main Street Westminster, SC 29693 (864) 647-5316

LaDonna Beauty Salon wednesday • thursday • friday call for appointment men • women • children

864-647-2793 104 east main st. • westminster ernestine thanks her clients for placing their complete trust & confidence in them, & reminds you she is of service to the entire area!

mac’s radiator service LOCALLY OWNED & OPERATED BY DAVID JAMES MONDAY - FRIDAY 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. PLASTIC/ALUMINUM SPECIALISTS NEW RADIATORS & REPAIRS ALL WORK GUARANTEED

864-882-8513

813 WEST NORTH 1ST ST.

SENECA

EVERYONE AT MAC’S RADIATOR SERVICE THANKS THEIR CUSTOMERS FOR PAST BUSINESS & SUPPORT, & REMINDS YOU THEY ARE OF SERVICE TO THE ENTIRE AREA!

OCONEE COUNTY AREA

PAGE 17

continued from below

HISTORIC Oconee County Library Located in the most western section of South Carolina and one of the last counties to be settled, Oconee County did not establish county-wide library service until 1948. In the 1930's a referendum for tax-supported library service was defeated due more to the current depression than to any lack of realization on the part of the people of the county that library services were needed. In 1946 another citizens' movement in support of library establishment was more successful and the Oconee County Library was legally established on May 3, 1948. The first library board was appointed with the Superintendent of Education and three outstanding Oconee County women serving on it. The continuing progress of library service in the county was largely due to this board and to the untiring efforts of an early chairman, Mrs. Lawrence (Sarah Mills) Norton. The first library was opened on October 18, 1948 in the old courthouse annex in the county seat at Walhalla. At the same time the headquarters library was opened in Walhalla, a bookmobile took to the road to serve rural Oconee County. Community stops were made throughout the entire rural area, and books were made available by the bookmobile to the county schools until the state required the schools to maintain libraries of their own. The Seneca Library became a member of the new county library system and for many years was the only county branch. Within ten years of establishment the Oconee County Library had a well-developed county library system providing a good level of service to the entire county. The Chicopee Manufacturing Corporation donated its own gymnasium and recreation center to the library for a headquarters building. The building, cleverly renovated and redecorated, provided a commodious and attractive center for library service in the county for many years. Branch libraries were established in Westminster in 1950 and in Salem in 1952. From 1963 to 1967 a branch library was provided the citizens of the community of Clemson, located on the county line between Pickens and Oconee counties. In 1967 the Oconee County Library Board and a committee of citizens from the town of Seneca secured local funds, a grant of $50,000 from the South Carolina State Library Board from LSCA funds under its administration, and a grant from the Appalachian Regional Commission for the construction of a library building to house the Seneca Branch. The building was completed and dedicated in October of 1968. The Oconee County Library successfully carried out a major construction program during 1478-79. A new headquarters building was constructed in Walhalla, named in honor of Mrs. Sarah Mills Norton and dedicated on October 21, 1979. A new branch library building for Westminster was opened on September 7, 1979 and another branch to serve Salem will be completed in 1981. To have two new library buildings within one year is a major accomplishment. The Oconee County Library was one of seven counties in the Appalachian area of the state to join together in a cooperative program to improve the reference service in the area. The Area Reference Resource Center was headquartered in Greenville. Through this program the resources of the participating libraries were shared, staff members enjoyed special opportunities for training and reference work, and both reference service and interlibrary loan service were considerably improved. In 1962 the Oconee County Library was the winner of a $1,000 Dorothy Canfield Fisher Award. One of the few county libraries in the state to have a publications program, the Oconee County Library published the "German Colony Protocol." This book is a translation of the German manuscript ledger that deals with the settlement of Walhalla, covering transactions from 1848 to 1888. The maps in the publication were prepared from original sources. The library owns a complete xerox and/or photographic collection of all known maps since 1730 relative to the Oconee County area. Since its establishment, the Oconee County Library's art programs and special projects for children have been outstanding. With an innovative and creative program, the library has been able to reach into all areas of the county and to deliver library service wherever it was needed.

Board Chairmen

W.L. Jones, Walhalla, 1948-50 T. V-Derrick, Walhalla, 1950-62 Mrs. Sarah M. Norton, Walhalla, 1962-64 Mrs. W.R. Ballenger, Seneca, 1964-68; 1971-72 Mrs. Z.T. Abbott, Westminster, 1968-71 Mrs. Lamar Bailes, Jr., Walhalla, 1972-74 Mrs. Jim Spearman, Westminster, 1974-78 Mrs. Roddey A. Stoudemire, Walhalla, 1978

continued above

Librarians

Mary Elizabeth Bodie, 1948-49 Mrs. Elizabeth B. Greene, 1949-60 Louise T. Stem, 1960-62 Stewart H. Butten, 1962-63 Mrs. Nellie H. Keys, 1963-64 Louise Marcum, 1964-80 Edward A. Kilroy, 1980 Estellene P. Walker,

Excerpted From: "So Good and Necessary a Work": The Public Library in South Carolina, 1698-1980 Written By: Estellene P. Walker (Columbia: South Carolina State Library, 1981), pp.42-43.

black's tire, inc. Proudly Serving The Area Since 1970 Monday - Friday 8:00 A.M. - 5:30 P.M. Saturday & Sunday - CLOSED For farmers, businessmen and the public in general, the place for tires is BLACK'S TIRE, INC. They are known for their friendly service and high quality passenger and small truck tires. From the moment you come to BLACK'S TIRE, INC., you know you are dealing with a retailer who knows his business completely and how to treat a customer right, from the courteous personnel, to the complete stock of famous brands of tires. They are conveniently located at 1415 East Main St. in Westminster, phone 864-647-9292. If you need tires, this is the place to go. They have tires for passenger cars, small trucks, ATV's, motorcycles, lawn mowers, tractors and loaders. They also do brakes, exhaust and front-end alignments. Sometimes we put off replacing worn and dangerous tires because we are afraid it will be too involved and too costly. Don't let this put you or your family in jeopardy any longer. BLACK'S TIRE, INC. will make certain that all tires are exactly what you want and what you need and mounted in perfect balance. To insure your safety and that of your family, visit BLACK'S TIRE, INC. for complete tire service. The authors of this 2009 Historical Review are proud to list this fine tire center along with other leading firms in this area. BLACK'S TIRE, INC. thanks their customers for placing their complete trust and confidence in them, and reminds you they are of service to the entire area.

PAGE 18

SPARTANBURG COUNTY AREA continued from below

Spartanburg County Public Library The history of the Spartanburg County Public Library goes back to 1882 when Mrs. Helen Fayssoux Kennedy gave a lot to the city for a library building provided that the building would be constructed within five years and called the Kennedy Library. The building was completed and opened to the public October 17, 1885. Service was supported by subscription and personal memberships. The Ladies Library Association organized in 1884 did much to arouse interest in the library enterprise, donated both books and money, and provided special services and programs for the library. As service expanded and the book collection grew, a larger public library building became essential. The Ladies Library Association sought financial aid from the Carnegie Foundation. In 1903 a Carnegie grant of $15,000 was made for the construction of the new building with the understanding that the city would purchase a suitable lot and guarantee not less than $1500 annually for the support of the library. A lot on Magnolia Street was secured for the site and the new Kennedy Free Library building was completed in November of 1905. This library building was one of the few built with Carnegie funds which did not include the Carnegie name. The building was dedicated and opened to the public on January 15, 1906. The Ladies Library Association continued their support of library service in Spartanburg and it was largely through their efforts that interest in library development was kept alive. From 1906 to 1946 library support depended upon the $1500 from the City of Spartanburg, a small county appropriation and membership fees. These were lean years and during the Depression there were times when there was no money for either books or salary. By 1946, the Kennedy Free Library had far outgrown its quarters and its financial support. The Spartanburg County Foundation financed a survey of the library facilities of the county. The survey was conducted by Dr. W. Stanley Hoole who found library facilities and library support inadequate to provide the level of service required by a progressive modern community. The Kennedy Library Board under the chairmanship of Dr. Henry N. Snyder, the Spartanburg County Foundation, the Junior Charity League and a committee of representative citizens joined in a campaign to establish a tax supported public library system. In 1947 the South Carolina General Assembly passed legislation creating the Spartanburg Public Library and in July of that year the new system began operation under the Spartanburg County Library Board. A one mill tax was levied on all taxable property in the county to support the library. The old Kennedy Library Board leased to the Spartanburg County Library Board the library building on Magnolia Street and the book collection for a nominal annual fee. Miss Mary Baugham who had been the chief librarian since 1906 retired and Nancy Blair was appointed the first librarian of the new Spartanburg Public Library system. Under her direction the service was completely reorganized. The entire book collection was checked, staff employed and space in the library reorganized to provide both reference and children's services. One of Dr. Hoole's recommendations was that a study be made of the county to determine the best and most economical way to provide library service in rural areas. The Junior Charity League undertook this project, purchased a bookmobile, bought books and employed a librarian to direct the demonstration of library service. From the beginning the demonstration was a success and in 1949 all demonstration assets were turned over to the Spartanburg Public Library, which then undertook to provide county-wide public library service. Spartanburg's rapidly growing population, the growth in the use of the public library service and the bad physical condition of the old library building on Magnolia Street indicated the need for a larger headquarters building in a more accessible location. In the mid fifties a concentrated drive was started to arouse interest in this need and to find ways of financing a new and modern building. In 1956 the Junior Chamber of Commerce undertook this as their special project, one which won for them the national Jaycee's award. To finance the new library building, library bonds continued above

were sold, the old Kennedy Board sold the library lot on Magnolia Street and the proceeds went to the building fund. Donations were received from many private sources. A lot on South Pine Street was purchased for the new building, construction began in 1960 and the building was dedicated on May 13, 1961. A feature of the building was the regional museum of Spartanburg housed in the north wing of the library. In addition to the headquarters library building in Spartanburg, new branch buildings were constructed in Landrum in 1969 and in Woodruff in 1974. The Landrum building was funded by county and local funds and a $50,000 grant from the South Carolina State Library from LSCA funds under its administration. The Woodruff Library construction was funded by general revenue sharing (county), ordinary county revenue, general revenue sharing funds from the City of Woodruff, and a gift from the Timrod Library plus other donations. Since 1947 when the Kennedy Library became a legally established library the Spartanburg Library system has received State Aid annually. Since 1956 the library system has participated in Library Services and Construction Act funds which have aided in increasing periodical holdings, improving the book collection, adding to the reference collection in main and branch libraries and adding new and needed equipment especially in the audio-visual area. In 1979 Spartanburg County Public Library became the first in the state and one of the first in the South to install an automated circulation system. The library is now engaged in an experimental program funded by the South Carolina State Library and involving cooperation with several other libraries in the Spartanburg area. Through membership in SOLINET each has access to the bibliographic database of OCLC for purposes of cataloging. Aware of the need of improving reference service, the Spartanburg County Public Library joined with six other county libraries in its area to form an area reference resource program. Although the cooperating libraries did not continue the program after the withdrawal of grant funds, both reference and interlibrary loan service were substantially improved through cooperative planning and sharing of resources.

Board Chairmen

Harvey W. Johnson, Spartanburg, 1947-48 Broadus R. Littlejohn, Spartanburg, 1948-49 T.D. Stilwell, Inman, 1949-51 Mrs. Elford Morgan, Spartanburg, 1951-53 Charles N. Gignilliat, Jr., Spartanburg, 1953-54 H. Carlisle Bean, Spartanburg, 1954-61 Mrs. John C. Bell, Inman, 1961-62 Mrs. John D. Smith, Spartanburg,1962-

Nancy C. Blair, 1946-55 George R. Linder, 1956-64 Frances B. Reid, 1964-74 Dennis L. Bruce, 1975-

Librarians

Excerpted From: "So Good and Necessary a Work": The Public Library in South Carolina, 1698-1980 Written By: Estellene P. Walker, (Columbia: South Carolina State Library, 1981), p. 46-48.

SPARTANBURG COUNTY AREA

PAGE 19

Welcome to the Kate Barry Chapter Spartanburg, SC South Carolina Society Daughters of the American Revolution The National Society Daughters of the American Revolution (NSDAR), founded in 1890 and headquartered in Washington, DC, is a volunteer women's service organization dedicated to promoting patriotism, preserving American history, and securing America's future through better education for children. Any woman is eligible for membership who is no less than eighteen years of age and can prove lineal, bloodline descent from an ancestor who aided in achieving American independence. Margaret Catherine "Kate" Moore was born in 1752, and she married Andrew Barry in 1767 at the age of fifteen. The two settled in Spartanburg County across the Tyger River, about two miles from Walnut Grove. Kate Barry was an excellent horsewoman, and she was very familiar with the wilderness and Indian trails around her plantation. When the Revolutionary War broke out in 1776, Kate volunteered for the cause as a scout for patriot bands in the area. Her scouting operations were carried out mostly in the portion of Spartanburg County drained by the three Tyger Rivers. Her husband, Andrew, her brother, Thomas Moore, and several brothersin-law were members of the patriot forces. It was not unusual for Kate or her slave "Uncle Cato" to mount their horses, ride to the patriots' encampment, and warn her husband and the troops of impending danger. In the winter of 1781, Kate acted as a voluntary scout for Daniel Morgan, and she gathered patriot bands to send on to him. Her husband, Andrew, was a soldier under the command of General Pickens in the victorious Battle of Cowpens. For her efforts to increase the number of American patriots at the Battle of Cowpens, Kate Barry earned her reputation as the Heroine of the Battle of Cowpens. The name of Kate Barry is also surrounded by a tradition of other heroic deeds. In one of these stories, Kate heard Tory soldiers coming across the Tyger River near her father's house. She tied her two-year-old daughter, Catherine, to the bedpost, and rode to her husband's unit for help. In another story, the Tories (Americans who supported the British) came to her house and demanded information about the whereabouts of her husband and his troops. When she refused to give them this information, the Tories tied her up and whipped her three times with a leash. In another incident, Kate Barry barely escaped her Tory enemies as she swam her horse across the rising waters of the Pacolet River to safety. Today, the spirit of Kate Barry lives on at her restored plantation home, Walnut Grove. Her patriotic spirit christens the members of the NSDAR in Spartanburg County, as we perpetuate our American heritage with pride and honor. Recently, the Kate Barry Chapter was successful in having a portion of Highway 29, from East Main Street to the turnoff for I-85 in Cowpens (thought to be the trail she followed) designated as "Kate Barry Boulevard." Our present project is to place a bronze marker with her story in an area to be beautified on the Highway 29 exit to Broome High School. Our chapter is located in Spartanburg, South Carolina, and we would love to talk to you about becoming a member of the Society.

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To My Son, I Sometimes Wish Submitted By Karen Hall I sometimes wish you were still small, Not yet so manly and so tall. For when I think of yesterday, I close my eyes and see you play. I still recall your balls and toys, And how you brought me countless joys. You filled my days with pure delight, From early morn to late at night. As seasons come, then quickly go, I'm thankful I can watch you grow. I'm grateful for the things we share, And for the ways you show you care. I'll always be so proud of you, For all the thoughtful things you do. I'll love you for eternity, So happy God gave you to me.

petty’s automotive Proudly Serving the Area Since 1975 Owner - Barry Petty Monday-Friday 7:30 A.M.-5:30 P.M. One of the region's best known automotive repair centers, PETTY’S AUTOMOTIVE specializes in quality service for all types of auto repairs such as computer diagnostics, tune-ups, brakes and any minor repairs. They also do a/c repairs on all makes and models and are a certified refrigerant recovery station for R-12 and R-134A. Located for your convenience at 160 South Spring St. in downtown Spartanburg, phone 864-583-7639, this established firm specializes in the kind of work which keeps people coming back again and again when they need auto repairs. It's this person to person recommendation that has earned them their position as the local leader in automotive repairs. Stop in today and see what we mean for yourself! The authors of this 2009 Historical Review urge all of our readers to make this fine company your first choice for automotive repairs. Barry and everyone at PETTY’S AUTOMOTIVE thank their customers for placing their complete trust and confidence in them, and remind you they are of service to the entire area.

PAGE 20

PICKENS COUNTY AREA

Pickens County

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Clemson University Visitors Center, Clemson. For thousands of prospective students, upstate tourists and special campus guests, the Clemson experience begins at the University's Class of 1944 Visitors Center. Serving as the "front door" to the campus, the Visitors Center is located at 109 Daniel Drive, adjacent to the Alumni Center. Regularly scheduled tours are conducted at 9:45 AM and 1:45 PM, MondaySaturday, and 1:45 PM Sunday, except on home football game day, only morning tours are offered. The University was founded in 1889, a legacy of Thomas Green Clemson, who willed his Fort Hill Tilman Hall, Clemson plantation home, its surrounding farmlands and forest, and other property to the state of South Carolina to establish a technical and scientific institution. Today, as at its inception, Clemson University is dedicated to teaching, research, and public service. Approximately 16,000 students, including 4,000 graduate students, are enrolled at Clemson. Over 17,000 acres of farm and woodland surrounding Clemson's 1,400-acre main campus are devoted to research. As the state's landgrant university, Clemson also provides Extension Service operations in all 46 counties, agricultural and forestry research, and agriculture regulatory services. Nestled on the shores of Lake Hartwell, Clemson University's location is one of the most unique academic settings in the country. Call 864-656-4789 for further information. Visit our website, www.clemson.edu/welcome/vcenter/center/index.htm   Southern Wesleyan University, Central. Founded in 1906 at its present location as Central Wesleyan College, the school is sponsored by the Wesleyan Church. The school was operated as a junior college until 1959 when it became a senior liberal arts college. Its name was changed to Southern Wesleyan College in 1994. Southern Wesleyan is located at 907 Wesleyan Dr. in Central, SC 29630. Call 864-644-5000 or 800-282-8798, ext. 5550 for further information. Visit their website at www.swu.edu.

Southern Wesleyan University Campus

The Pendleton District Historical, Recreational and Tourism Commission, Pendleton    The Commission serves visitors with tourist information about the western corner of South Carolina, including beautiful Pickens County. This uniquely stimulating visitors’ center is located in historic Hunter's Store on the square in Pendleton, S.C. It also contains an array of crafts and captures the imagination with exhibits on local history, customs and relics from the mid-nineteenth century when the store was a center of local commerce. Also available to the public is a genealogy library and a staff willing to assist you as you seek your family roots. Call 864-646-3782 or 800-8621795. Visit us at www.pendleton-district.org, or 125 E. Queen Street, PO Box 565, Pendleton, SC 29670.

Cherokee Foothills Visitors Center, Pickens

Cherokee Foothills Visitors Center, Pickens. This Visitors Center is located at 158 E. Ellison Lane (off SC Hwy. 11 at Table Rock State Park) Pickens, SC 29671 and is an official stop along the South Carolina National Heritage Corridor. Call 864-878-9813 for further information.

UNCLE SAM’S ANTIQUES & COLLECTIBLES Monday - Friday 9:00 A.M. - 6:00 P.M. Saturday 10:30 A.M. - 6:00 P.M. Tasteful, stylish and definitely unique! These are just a few words which could describe UNCLE SAM’S ANTIQUES & COLLECTIBLES, the area’s unusual antique specialist. Located at 108 North 1st St. in Easley, phone 864-8552150, this respected local merchant deals in the very special and unusual lines of antiques and collectibles from art to furniture, from crystal to primitives, from memorabilia to miniatures. Their selection is one of the very finest to be found anywhere, and they add their own “very special” service to every transaction. You’ll like doing business with this quality-minded firm as much as you like their distinctive antiques and collectibles. The authors of this 2009 Historical Review would like to compliment this outstanding antique store for their beautiful selection of unique and antique merchandise. Uncle Sam and Griffin Hill thank their customers for past business and support, and remind you they are of service to the entire area in the future!

allen redding auto center The people at ALLEN REDDING AUTO CENTER are specialists when it comes to all types of auto body repairs and painting. The next time you need your car's body rebuilt, repaired or repainted, be sure to take it to this reliable shop. They are located at 224 Redding Rd. in Easley, phone 864-855-0809. The owners and all of the employees at ALLEN REDDING AUTO CENTER understand auto body repair work thoroughly, and will put this knowledge to work for you. If you need auto paint work done, you can be assured a quality job here because they have all the necessary tools and equipment. Insurance policies allow you to select the repair shop of your choice, so, when making your selection, think first of ALLEN REDDING AUTO CENTER. Whether the job is large or small, you will always receive the same courteous treatment. They are well-known in this area because they have the knowledge that puts their work in a class by itself! The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to highlight this leading firm among the area's leading businesses.

PICKENS COUNTY AREA

"Major" Lewis R. Redmond

PAGE 21

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Written By George Ellison So, you think the Eric Rudolph extravaganza was pretty special, maybe even unique? In reality, Rudolph is only the latest in a line of picturesque desperadoes produced here in the southern mountains. One of the most colorful and ruthless was "Major" Lewis R. Redmond, a late 19th century mountain outlaw and bootlegger. Redmond had gained such national fame as a romantic hero that he had a "dime novel" border romance based on his life by the time he was 26-years-old, and a book-length biography at age 28. He provided copy for the National Police Gazette and most major newspapers of the day, eventually making page one of the New York Times. Here’s his story. Redmond was born in the mid-1850s, according to some sources in the Maple Springs section of present Swain County, North Carolina (a part of Macon County until 1871) or, according to other sources, in Georgia. At any rate, his family was residing in the Middle Fork community of Transylvania County by 1856, at which time the future hero-villain was two years old. He was given the honorary nom de guerre "Major" as a youth while hanging out around army camps during the Civil War. "The complimentary nickname stuck, and was said to be most appropriate in later years because of his extraordinary ability to lead and organize men," observed Brevard writer Jim Bob Tinsley in an overview of Redmond’s life published last year as part of his excellent book The Land of Waterfalls: Transylvania County, North Carolina (1988). This account of Redmond’s escapades is based on Tinsley’s book as well as other book and newspaper sources. Tutored by Wash Galloway and his father, Redmond was an experienced distiller of moonshine by the time he was 21. When in 1876 he began making home deliveries of the product, federal revenue officers obtained an arrest warrant. On March 1, he was apprehended at gunpoint by Deputy U.S. Marshall Duckworth while driving a wagonload of the stuff across the Lower Creek ford of Walnut Hollow Road in the East Fork section of Transylvania County. After Duckworth read the warrant, Redmond told him, "All right, put up your pistol, Alf. I will go along with you." As Duckworth lowered his weapon, Redmond produced a small derringer and from point-blank range gunned the officer down with a bullet that entered his throat, carrying with it a collar button. As Redmond fled, "Duckworth staggered to the ford ... and bent over for a drink, but the water leaked out through the bullet hole in his throat." The 24-year-old officer died shortly thereafter. Thus began a violent and unlikely career during which Redmond became a national hero—a species of Robin Hood—for those who opposed federal revenue laws governing the manufacture of whiskey. Described as "a ladies’ man" who "was part Indian, having hawk-like eyes and raven black hair" and "a superb specimen of manhood, being six feet tall, stoutly built, very strong and active as a cat," he was quite willing to play the romantic hero role in which he was cast. "His name was a rallying cry, and fellow distillers were eager to ride with the man who was fighting the revenue officers and winning," wrote Tinsley, who noted that "many of the influential state newspapers openly supported his activities," while the less friendly northern pro- revenue press labeled him "the bloated brigand of the Blue Ridge." The lines were drawn and the stage set for a high country whiskey war. And, whatever one might think of Redmond as an individual, he was undeniably ready and able to carry on a pitched battle that raged across the Carolina mountains and front pages of national tabloids for five tumultuous years until the final bloody shootout on the banks of the Little Tennessee River in Swain County on April 7, 1881. In January 1877, Redmond and his wagoner, Amos Ladd, were tricked to a house near Liberty, South Carolina, where they thought a delivery was to be made. While asleep with their boots off, they were arrested by officers who stormed the place. The resourceful Redmond escaped almost immediately. Angry that he had been tricked, he hounded the officers from ambush with gunfire until Ladd was also free. Still fuming a week later, he invaded one of the same officer’s home and abducted his wife and two of his best horses. He subsequently returned the wife and one of the horses, but rode off on the other horse, after buying a round of drinks at a local bar. Upward of thirty men rode with Redmond’s various gangs through the years. They were pursued "with a hail of bullets" by dozens of revenue officers through the Blue Ridge to little avail despite the $1,000 reward posted for Redmond’s arrest. As one of his specialties was raiding the homes of the officers who pursued him, he must have cooled off many a would-be captor. continued on page 22

UY WE B D KE WREC ! R CA S

REED’S USED AUTO PARTS Locally Owned & Operated Monday - Friday 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. When the people of the Pickens County area need used auto parts, they usually head straight for REED’S USED AUTO PARTS at 1075 Earls Bridge Rd. in Easley, phone 864-8590534, www.reedsautoparts.com. Here, they can be assured of getting the part they need and something that’s unusual these days: courteous service and low prices! With acres and acres of wrecks in their yard, this prominent firm has been serving the area with the best used parts and a thorough knowledge of the automotive industry. More often than not, the part you want is easily located and, once installed, will yield years and years of practical service. If your car is damaged beyond repair, they’ll buy it for cash. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding firm as one of the leading businesses in Pickens County!

hair expressions Locally Owned & Operated By Stylist Shannon McQueen Nail Tech - Savannah Cox Proudly Serving You In Pickens County Monday - Thursday 9:00 A.M. - 6:00 P.M. Friday 9:00 A.M. - 7:00 P.M. Saturday 9:00 A.M. - 2:00 P.M. Do you want to look your very best at all times and not have to spend a fortune doing it? Try HAIR EXPRESSIONS at 5190 Calhoun Memorial Hwy., in Easley, phone 864-855-0100! Here's a salon where the whole family can go to start looking great and the rates are very reasonable. You'll really enjoy the extra service that's lavished on you at this well-known salon. Offering a complete line of beauty services from hair cutting and coloring to perms, highlights, facial waxing and a nail tech for pedicures and manicures. This fine salon features skilled professionals who cater to your every whim. Stop in today. Walk-ins are welcome or call for an appointment... HAIR EXPRESSIONS wants to become YOUR salon! The authors of this 2009 Historical Review hope that ALL of our readers make plans to try this complete facility. You'll soon see what a difference "extra service" makes. HAIR EXPRESSIONS thanks their clients for their business and support, and looks forward to serving you in the future!

PAGE 22

PICKENS COUNTY AREA

"MAJOR" LEWIS R. REDMOND - continued from page 21

Still, things were hot enough in his usual haunts around the junction of South Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia that in the spring of 1879 he moved three days west to Maple Springs on the Little Tennessee, several miles west of the little village of Charleston, North Carolina, which changed its name to Bryson City a decade later. So famous was he that a highly fictionalized account of his life by R.A Cobb was published in that same year. With Redmond’s arrival, illegal moonshine traffic made a quantum leap in Swain County almost overnight. Concerned citizens filed complaints in Washington, D.C. Three raids were made on his hideout, which consisted of a cabin set against a cliff with a view of the only approach and a canoe at a landing on the river below. In 1879, having been forewarned, he headed downstream 20 minutes before his would-be abductors arrived. The second raid in 1881 found him going out a small escape hole in the rear of his house as the officers came in the front door. No doubt he once again used the canoe to escape downriver. During the third raid later that year, Redmond came out with a gun. Realizing he was surrounded, he attempted to run. "Within a few steps he fell with six bullets in him," read one account. The New York Times prematurely reported his death, but Redmond had a tough constitution that fully complemented his rowdy disposition. He survived to live another 25 years. After the arrest, he was taken to Charleston (Bryson City), where his wife, during a visit, managed to slip him a pistol concealed under a pillow. The officers found out about it and confronted Redmond with the advice that if he moved he would be killed, which was exactly the sort of language he understood. After surrendering the pistol, he was moved to Asheville and then on to Greenville, South Carolina, for trial. Redmond spent almost three years in prisons in New York and South Carolina until being granted a pardon by President Chester A. Arthur in 1884. He died near Seneca, South Carolina, in 1906, leaving a wife, two sons, and seven daughters, who had inscribed on his gravestone: "He was the sunshine of our life." Ironically enough, shortly before his death—as a law-abiding man during a period when whiskey production had become legal—he was hired by a government distillery at Walhalla, South Carolina, to oversee its production, which was of poor quality. Whatever his other deficiencies, Redmond was recognized—even by federal officials—as a man who knew how to make good stuff. For the government, he turned out a "special blend" distributed by a Charleston, South Carolina, company with a picture of the infamous "Major" Lewis R. Redmond right there on the barrel heads and bottle labels for all to see and contemplate. George Ellison is a naturalist and writer who resides in Bryson City, North Carolina. His new book Mountain Passages: Natural and Cultural History of Western North Carolina and the Great Smoky Mountains was published by The History Press in June 2005. His essay about the life of "Major" Lewis R. Redmond is reprinted from Smoky Mountain News, a regional newsmagazine published in Waynesville, North Carolina, where it was originally published in December 2000.

General Andrew Pickens (1739- 1817) American soldier in the War of Independence, was born in Paxton, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, on the 19th of September 1739. His family settled at the Waxhaws (in what is now Lancaster County), South Carolina, in 1752. He fought against the Cherokees in 1761 as a lieutenant. In the War of Independence he rose to brigadier-general (after Cowpens) in the South Carolina militia. He was a captain among the American troops which surrendered at Ninety Six in November 1775. On the I4th of February 1779, with 300-400 men, he surprised and defeated about 700 Loyalists under Colonel Boyd on Kettle Creek, Wilkes County, Georgia; on the 20th of June he fought at Stone Ferry; and later in the same year at Tomassee defeated the Cherokees, who were allied with the British. Upon the surrender of Charleston (May 1780) he became a prisoner on parole, which he observed rigidly until, contrary to the promises made to him, Major James Dunlap plundered his plantation; he then returned to active service. His command (about 150 men) joined General Daniel Morgan immediately before the battle of Cowpens, in which Pickens commanded an advance guard of men from Georgia and North Carolina and twice rallied the broken American militia; for his services Congress gave him a sword. With Colonel Henry Lee he harassed Lieut.-Colonel Banastre Tarleton, who was attempting to gather a Loyalist force just before the battle of Guilford Court House; and with Lee and others, he captured Augusta (June 5, 1781) after a siege. At Eutaw Springs (Sept. 8, 1781) he commanded the left wing and was wounded. In 1782 he defeated the Cherokees again and forced them to surrender all lands south of the Savannnh River and east of the Chattahoochee. After the war he was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives for a number of years, of the State Constitutional Convention in 1790, and of the National House of Representatives in 1793-1795. He died in Pendleton district, South Carolina, on the 17th of August 1817. He had married in 1765 Rebecca Calhoun, an aunt of John C. Calhoun. Their son, Andrew Pickens (1779-1838), served as a lieutenant-colonel in the War of 1812, and was governor of South Carolina in 1816-1818.

Hanover House EARLY HISTORY

Paul de St. Julien, a French Huguenot, completed the house in 1716 in what is now Berkeley County in South Carolina's low country. It served as both a residence and frontier fortress against the danger of Indian attack. It heard the sound of marching British soldiers as they camped nearby; saw the dread days of the 1860s and their depletive aftermath. Largely forsaken and in ruin in the 1940s, it faced annihilation again - in the path of a hydro-electric plant to impound waters of the Santee and Cooper Rivers.

RESTORATION

Hanover commanded the interest of Clemson University, which was instrumental in financing and engineering its exacting reconstruction, an accomplishment in the very image of Colonial ingenuity, perseverance and faith. With a small grant of $1,270 in monetary aid, the University began removal on August 19, 1941. Each mortised beam and board was labeled. Each hand-made brick was painstakingly removed. Each window, door, mantel and piece of framework was marked, photographed and replaced in its original position 250 miles to the north.

SYMBOL OF UNITY

Paul de St. Julien died in 1741 and his daughter, Mary, inherited Hanover. After her marriage to Henry Ravenel, September 13, 1760, Hanover became identified with the Ravenel family for 138 years. Hanover House remains a monument to the kindnesses extended by England to her tortured and homeless neighbors-by-sea, and a bond with five centuries of the past. More significant to South Carolinians, it is a symbol of unity between two divergent sections of their state.

VISITORS

Hanover House is located on east campus at Clemson University, 11 miles from Interstate Highway 85 via U.S. Highway 76. Restoration and furnishings of the interior are projects of the Spartanburg Committee of the National Society of Colonial Dames in the State of South Carolina. 864-656-2241­

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PICKENS COUNTY AREA

John C. Calhoun Influential Political Grant The John C. Calhoun Mansion, homestead of South Carolina’s eminent statesman during the last 25 years of his life, is one of the nation’s great historic homes. The 1,100-acre plantation and homestead were acquired by Calhoun around 1825. The oldest part of the house, erected about 1803 by Dr. James McElhenny, pastor of nearby Old Stone Church, was called Clergy Hall. The Calhouns enlarged the house to its present size and renamed it Fort Hill, honoring an old fort built on the land in 1776 as protection from a nearby settlement of Indians. Clemson University now occupies the plantation acres - a vision materialized through the generosity of Calhoun’s son-in-law, Thomas G. Clemson. Fort Hill is typical of the era in which it was built. Its simplicity of design is characteristic of the Southern Colonial type of architecture of the early 1800s. The house has 14 rooms, spacious halls, three white-columned piazzas, a separate kitchen near the west wing, an office and library on the south lawn, and a restored springhouse on the north lawn. Fort Hill is primarily furnished with original family heirlooms. John Caldwell Calhoun was born March 18, 1782 in Abbeville District, South Carolina. After graduating from Yale University in 1804, he studied law in South Carolina and Litchfield, Conn. and was admitted to the bar in 1807. He was elected to the South Carolina Legislature in 1808, and the United States Congress in 1811. Until his death on March 31, 1850 in Washington, D.C., Calhoun was one of the most influential and dominant political figures in the country. Calhoun served the South and Nation for over 40 years as a Member of the House of Representatives, Secretary of War, Vice President of the United States, Secretary of State, and United States Senator. He is buried in St. Philip’s Churchyard in Charleston, S.C.

PAGE 23

Pickens, Where The Blue Ridge Mountains Rise To Meet The Sky Nestled in northwestern South Carolina is a very special place called Pickens County where the Blue Ridge Mountains rise to meet the sky. Where memorable sunsets lace lakes Keowee, Jocasse and Hartwell. Named after the Revolutionary War General Andrew Pickens, the county's rich Southern heritage dates back to the 17th century. Whether it's exploring history, breathing clean mountain air, sailing on crystal clear lakes or enjoying the many cultural events and festivals, you'll find it in Pickens County. Sassafras Mountain, the highest in South Carolina, is a popular attraction of outdoor lovers, while hikers can explore nature trails at Table Rock or Keowee Toxaway State Parks. Both parks have modern campsite facilities, summer cabins, swimming, picnic areas and splendid fishing for vacationers. On breezy afternoons, many sailboats can be seen on the beautiful lakes throughout the county. The Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway, which cuts through the northern portion, provides access to most recreational areas as well as refreshing views of the Sumter National Forest and the natural quiet beauty of the countryside. But Pickens County is more than just a vacation spot. It's an area where business and industry flourish. Excellent sites and a community of friendly, hard working people make it attractive to new and expanding industry. Pickens County is also blessed with a significant agricultural base and educational opportunities. It is the home of Central Wesleyan College and highly regarded Clemson University. Tri-County TEC is also readily accessible from the county. Pickens County is an area of natural scenic beauty interspersed with towns and villages, I-85 provides easy access when desired to major urban areas. Greenville is only 30 minutes away and Charlotte just 100 miles to the east. Metropolitan Atlanta is only 150 miles away via I-85 to the west. Without question, there’s a lot of good living in Pickens County, South Carolina. So, if you’re looking for a place to live, work, retire or vacation, take a close look. Pickens County may be just the place for you.

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GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA

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