Ai

Presented By

Prakash Dhandole MITCON INSTITUE OF MANAGEMENT PUNE

What is AI? What is artificial intelligence? -Defined as, “The study of intelligent behavior and the attempt to find ways in which such behavior could be engineered in any type of artifact.” -Basically, “putting human intelligence

Beginning of AI • Early 1950's that the link between human intelligence and machines was really observed by Norbert Wiener

• 1955, Newell and Simon developed “ The Logic Theorist “, considered by many to be the first AI program

Beginning of AI cont.. in 1956 John McCarthy coined the term "artificial intelligence" at the first conference devoted to the subject,.He is regarded as father of AI.

• In 1957, the first version of a new program The General Problem Solver (GPS) was tested. The program developed by the same pair which developed the Logic Theorist

Beginning of AI cont.. • During the 1970's Many new

methods in the development of AI were tested, notably Minsky's frames theory. Also David Marr proposed new theories about machine vision, • During the 1980's AI was moving at a faster pace number of several new technology come in this field.

Father of moder computer science Alan Turing introduced the

"Turing test“

• Alan Turing stated that a computer would

deserves to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it is human.

The Turing Test • “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” Human

Human Interrogator AI

Techniques FOR AI • There are two ways to achieve

Artificial Intelligence • Bottom up Theory : Theorist’s believe that the best way to achieve AI is to built replica of human brains complex network of neurons. • Top - down Theory : Attempts to mimic the brains behaviors with computer programs.

Neural Networks and Parallel Computation Bottom-up approach to construct electronic circuits that act as neurons do in the human brain.

The neuron "firing", passing a signal to the next in the chain

The neuron "firing", passing a signal to the next in the chain.

Contd… •

Warren Mc Culloch & Pitts neural network theory . It designed electronic replicas of neural network to show how electronic network could generate logical process. It gives the birth of concept of parallel computing.

•

Using feed back theory described loop between neurons sense brain musles

Top Down Approaches • This approaches work as a expert system

to find out the solution of various problem by using the information, logics & rules.

• There are number of software available for top down approaches.

Example of software Human computer interaction Eliza Paranoid parry Problem solving SHRDLU General problem solving Other notable programmes Hacker sam

Examples of Current artificial intelligence

Current AI

AI in your everyday life Cars –Self-parking –Cruise control –Speech recognition Cell Phones –Voice recognition Gaming industry –Animation creation –Built 3D environment

Current AI

AI in your everyday life medicine –Hearing Aids – Learning Retinal implement system Military –Autonomous Submarines Internet –Search Engines

The Future of artificial intelligence

Human will be replaced by robots

CONSTRUCTIVE INTELLIGENCE

Destructive Intelligence

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