Agrarian-law-and-social-legislation-final-consolidated.pdf

Agrarian Law and Social Legislation ❧ A Group 1 presentation on the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (Republic Act No. 6657) Sections 1 to 35

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE “FIELD” ❧

Agrarian ❧

❧ Comes from the Latin word “ager”, means field. ❧ Lexically, anything related to land or to the ownership or division of land.

Obyus ba?

Agrarian Law ❧

❧ - the distribution of pubic agricultural lands, large estates, and regulation of the relationship between the landowner and the farmer who works on the land. - Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law is the basic law, supplemented by the Tenant’s Emancipation Act of 1972 (PD no. 27) and the Agricultural Land Reform Code (RA 3844)* *Under President Diosdado Macapagal’s time. Alam na ung PD kung kanino.

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Source:

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Source:

What’s the objective of the❧ law?

❧ To breakup agricultural lands; ❧ Transform them into economic-size farms owned by the farmers themselves; ❧ And to uplift their socio-economic status.

Government

What was it founded on? ❧

❧ the right of the farmers and regular farm workers who are landless, to own and directly, or collectively the lands they till or, in the case of other farm workers, to receive a just share in the fruits thereof. ❧ on the farmers and regular farm workers who are landless, to own and directly, or collectively the lands they till or, in the case of other farm workers, to receive a just share in the fruits thereof. ❧ After all, as they say, “magtanim ay di biro”!

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Source: http://www.galeriejoaquin.com/exhibitions/painting/223

Social Legislation ❧

What is it? ❧

❧ there’s no precise definition. ❧ it’s so BROAD that it covers labor laws, agrarian laws, and welfare laws. ❧ emphasizes general public good and social welfare.

Source: http://webmedia.jcu.edu/campusministry/files/2015/06/ha nds.jpg

Article 13, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution

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❧ The Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good. To this end, the State shall regulate the acquisition, ownership, use, and disposition of property and its increments.

Article 13, Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution ❧

❧ The promotion of social justice shall include the commitment to create economic opportunities based on freedom of initiative and self-reliance.

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 ( RA No. 6657)

Section 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988. Agrarian Reform Law embraces all laws that govern and regulate the rights and relationship over agricultural lands between landowners, tenants, lessees or agricultural workers. Its purpose is the redistribution of public and private agricultural lands to farmers and farm workers who are landless, irrespective of tenurial arrangement.  

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Agrarian Reform, however, is not limited to distribution of lands to landless farmers and farm workers – but includes other alternative modes such as: labor administration; profit-sharing; and stock distribution. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) applies only to agricultural lands. It does not apply to lands classified as residential, commercial, industrial, mineral, or forest land. (Section 3, CARL) Agricultural land refers to land devoted to agricultural activities. It contemplates lands that are arable and suitable for farming.

History of Philippine Agrarian Laws

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The Special Provisions for Rural Leases of the Civil Code governs the relationship between the landowners and tenants. 

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Rice Share Tenancy Act (Act No. 4054) regulated the relationship between the landlords and tenants on rice lands. Sugar Tenancy Act (Act No. 4113) regulated the relationship between the landowners and tenants on lands planted with sugar canes. Commonwealth Act 53 recognized the testimony of the tenant as prima facie

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Commonwealth Act 178 amended Act No. 4054 Commonwealth Act 271 amended Act No. 4113 Commonwealth Act 461 enacted to provide

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evidence of writing in a

tenants

the terms of a tenancy contract that was not reduced in language known to him. security of tenure to agricultural

Commonwealth Act 608 amended Commonwealth Act 461 R.A. No. 34 amended the Rice Share Tenancy Act Agricultural Share Tenancy Act (RA 1199) repealed prior tenancy laws except the Sugar Tenancy Act

❧ R.A. No. 1400 set in motion the expropriation of all tenanted estates ❧ Agricultural Land Reform Code (RA 3844) abolished share tenancy ❧ Code of Agrarian Reforms (RA 6389)

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❧ Tenant Emancipation Law provided for the transfer of lands primarily devoted to rice and corn to the tenants.

❧ PD No. 946 reorganized Court Agrarian Relations ❧ PD No. 1038 promulgated to strengthen the security of tenure of tenants in non-rice or corn agricultural lands.

❧ PD Nos. 251, 444, 1039, and 1817 amended Code of Agrarian Reform. ❧ EO No. 228 and 229 President Corazon Aquino, exercising her powers under the Transitory Provisions declared the full land ownership in favor of the beneficiaries under PD No. 27 ❧ Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (June 10, 1988) ❧ R.A. Nos. 7881, 7905, 8532, and 9700 amended some of the provisions of the Comprehensive Agrarian reform Law.

Section 2. Declaration of Principles and Policies

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Agrarian Reform Obljectives: ➢ provide landowners equality in terms of income and opportunities ➢ empower land owner beneficiaries to have an equitable land ownership ➢ enhance the agricultural production and productivity ➢ provide employment to more agricultural workers ➢ put an end to conflicts regarding land ownership.

Beneficiaries: ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

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landless farmers agricultural lessees Tenants Regular farm workers seasonal and other farm workers

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Hacienda Luisita Inc. vs. PAPRC (653 SCRA 154) – The agrarian reform program is founded on the right of farmers and regular farm workers, who are landless, to own directly or collectively the lands they till or, in the case of other farm workers, to receive a share of the fruits thereof. But it does not guarantee improvement of the lives of the agrarian reform beneficiaries - at best, it merely provides for a possibility or favorable chance of uplifting the economic status of the FWBs, which may or may not be attained.

Meaning of Economic Family-size Farm

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❧ Economic family-size farm means an area of farm land that permits efficient use of labor and capital resources of the farm family and will produce an income sufficient to provide a modest standard of living to meet a farm family’s needs for food, clothing, shelter, and education with possible allowance for payment of yearly installments on the land,, amd reasonable reserves to absorb yearly fluctuations in income. (Sec. 166, Code of Agrarian Reform as amended)

Section 3. Definitions. 

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❧ Agrarian Reform – means redistribution of lands, regardless of crops or fruits produced, to farmers and regular farmworkers who are landless, irrespective of tenurial arrangement, to include the totality of factors and support services designed to lift the economic status of the beneficiaries and all other arrangements alternative to the physical redistribution of lands, such as production or profit-sharing, labor administration, and the distribution of shares of stocks, which will allow beneficiaries to receive a just share of the fruits of the lands they work.

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Illustration 1: Farm Dog looking over the farm land

❧ Agriculture, Agricultural Enterprise or Agricultural Activity – means the cultivation of the soil, planting of crops, growing of fruit trees, raising of livestock, poultry or fish, including the harvesting of such farm products, and other farm activities and practices performed by a farmer in conjunction with such farming operations done by person whether natural or juridical. ❧ Agricultural Land – refers to land devoted to agricultural activity as defined in this Act and not classified as mineral, forest, residential, commercial or industrial land. ❧ Agrarian Dispute – refers to any controversy relating to tenurial arrangements, whether leasehold, tenancy, stewardship or otherwise, over lands devoted to agriculture, including disputes concerning farmworkers' associations or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing, or seeking to arrange terms or conditions of such tenurial arrangements.

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❧ Idle or Abandoned Land – refers to any agricultural land not cultivated, tilled or developed to produce any crop nor devoted to any specific economic purpose continuously for a period of three (3) years immediately prior to the receipt of notice of acquisition by the government as provided under this Act, but does not include land that has become permanently or regularly devoted to non-agricultural purposes.t does not include land which has become unproductive by reason of force majeure or any other fortuitous event, provided that prior to such event, such land was previously used for agricultural or other economic purpose.

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Illustration 2: IDLE OR ABANDONED LAND

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❧ Farmer – refers to a natural person whose primary livelihood is cultivation of land or the production of agricultural crops, either by himself, or primarily with the assistance of his immediate farm household, whether the land is owned by him, or by another person under a leasehold or share tenancy agreement or arrangement with the owner thereof

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Illustration 3: FILIPINO FARMER

Farmworker – is a natural person who renders service for value as an employee or laborer in an agricultural enterprise or farm regardless of whether his compensation is paid on a daily, weekly, monthly or "pakyaw" basis. The term includes an individual whose work has ceased as a consequence of, or in connection with, a pending agrarian dispute and who has not obtained a substantially equivalent and regular farm employment.

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❧ Regular Farmworker – is a natural person who is employed on a permanent basis by an agricultural enterprise or farm. ❧ Seasonal Farmworker is a natural person who is employed on a recurrent, periodic or intermittent basis by an agricultural enterprise or farm, whether as a permanent or a non-permanent laborer, such as "dumaan", "sacada", and the like. ❧ Other Farmworker is a farmworker who does not fall under paragraphs above

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Illustration 4: RICE FARMWORKERS

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❧ Cooperatives – organizations composed primarily of small agricultural producers, farmers, farmworkers, or other agrarian reform beneficiaries who voluntarily organize themselves for the purpose of pooling land, human, technological, financial or other economic resources, and operated on the principle of one member, one vote. A juridical person may be a member of a cooperative, with the same rights and duties as a natural person.

❧ Section 4. Scope. 

❧ The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1989 shall cover, regardless of tenurial arrangement and commodity produced, all public and private agricultural lands, as provided in Proclamation No. 131 and Executive Order No. 229, including other lands of the public domain suitable for agriculture.

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More specifically the following lands are covered by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program: a.

b. c. d.

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All alienable and disposable lands of the public domain devoted to or suitable for agriculture. No reclassification of forest or mineral lands to agricultural lands shall be undertaken after the approval of this Act until Congress, taking into account ecological, developmental and equity considerations, shall have determined by law, the specific limits of the public domain. All lands of the public domain in excess of the specific limits as determined by Congress in the preceding paragraph; All other lands owned by the Government devoted to or suitable for agriculture; and All private lands devoted to or suitable for agriculture regardless of the agricultural products raised or that can be raised thereon.

Lands covered by the Agrarian Reform Law

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General Rule: ❧ All PUBLIC and PRIVATE agricultural lands; ❧ Other lands of the PUBLIC DOMAIN suitable for agriculture;

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Illustration 5: PRIVATE PROPERTY

Lands not covered by the Agrarian Reform Law 1. 2. 3. 4.

Private lands with a total area of 5 hectares and below; Lands actually, directly and exclusively used for parks, wildlife, forest reserves, reforestation, fish sanctuaries, and breeding grounds, watersheds and mangroves; Private lands actually, directly, and exclusively used for prawn farms and fishponds; Lands actually, directly, and exclusively used and found necessary for:

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

National defense; School sites and campuses; Experimental fam stations operated for educational purposes; Seeds and seedling research and pilot production center; Church sires and convents appurtenant thereto; Mosque sites and Islamic centers appurtenant thereto; Communal burial grounds and cemeteries; Penal colonies and penal farms actually worked by the inmates; Research and quarantine centers; All lands with 18% slope and over, except those already developed.

Section 7. Priorities This provision lays down the scheme for the final acquisition and distribution of all remaining agricultural lands during the 5-year extension period up to June 30, 2014, in following order of priority: Phase One: Lands with an area of more than fifty (50) hectares, to be completed by June 30, 2012, specifically: ● those which have already been subjected to a notice of coverage issued on or before December 10, 2008; ● rice and corn lands; ● idle or abandoned lands; ● private lands voluntarily offered by the owners for agrarian reform;

● lands foreclosed by government financial institutions; ● lands acquired by the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG); and ● all other lands owned by the government devoted to or suitable for agriculture.

Phase Two: Lands twenty-four (24) hectares up to fifty (50) hectares, to be completed by June 30, 2013, specifically: ● all alienable and disposable public agricultural lands; ● all arable public agricultural lands under agro-forest, pasture and agricultural leases already cultivated and planted to crops in accordance with Section 6, Article XIII of the Constitution; ● all public agricultural lands which are to be opened for new development and resettlement;

● all private agricultural land which have already been subjected to a notice of coverage; and ● all remaining private agricultural lands regardless as to whether these have been subjected to notices of coverage or not.

Phase Three: All other private agricultural lands commencing with large landholdings and proceeding to medium and small landholdings under the following schedule: ● Lands above ten (10) hectares up to twenty-four (24) hectares to be completed by June 30, 2013; and ● Lands from the retention limit up to ten (10) hectares, to be completed by June 30, 2014.

Only farmers (tenants or lessees) and regular farmworkers actually tilling the lands, as certified under oath by the Barangay Agrarian Reform Council and attested under oath by landowners, are considered to be qualified beneficiaries. The intended beneficiary shall state under oath before judge of the city or municipality court that he/she is willing to work on the land to make it productive and to assume the obligation of paying the amortization for the compensation of the land and land taxes thereon.

Section 8. Multinational Corporations Agricultural lands leased, held or possessed by multinational corporations are also subject to compulsory acquisition and distribution. The land shall be distributed directly to the individual worker-beneficiaries. If it is not economically feasible and sound to divide the land, then they shall form a workers' cooperative or association which will deal with the corporation by way of lease or growers' agreement and other legitimate purposes.

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Section 11. Commercial Farming

❧ Commercial farms, which are private agricultural lands devoted to commercial livestock, poultry and swine raising, and aquaculture including saltbeds, fishponds and prawn ponds, fruit farms, orchards, vegetable and cut-flower farms, and cacao, coffee and rubber plantations, shall be subject to immediate compulsory acquisition and distribution after (10) years from the effectivity of the Act.n the case of new farms, the ten-year period shall begin from the first year of commercial production and operation, as determined by the DAR.

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During the ten-year period, the government shall initiate the steps necessary to acquire these lands, upon payment of just compensation for the land and the improvements thereon, preferably in favor of organized cooperatives or associations, which shall hereafter manage the said lands for the worker-beneficiaries.

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If the DAR determines that the purposes for which this deferment is granted no longer exist, such areas shall automatically be subject to redistribution. The provisions of Section 32 of the Act, with regard to production-and income-sharing, shall apply to commercial farms.

Commercial farms are lands devoted to:

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❧ Saltbeds ❧ Fruit farms ❧ Orchards ❧ Vegetables and cut-flower farms ❧ Cacao, coffee and rubber plantation

Saltbeds

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Fruits Farms

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Orchards

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Vegetables and cut-flower farms

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Cacao, coffee and rubber plantations

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Implementation

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❧ from the effectivity of Comprehensive Agrarian reform Law (i.e. June 15, 1988) – for farms already existing when the law took effect; ❧ from the first year of commercial production and operation – for new farms

Modes of Acquisition

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❧ Voluntary Offer to Sell (VOS); ❧ Compulsary Acquition (CA); ❧ Direct Payment Scheme (DPS).

Manner of Distribution

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❧ Individually or collectively

Order of priority

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Agricultural lessees and share tenants; Regular farm workers; Seasonal farm workers; Actual tillers or occupants of public lands; Collectives or cooperatives of the above beneficiaries; ❧ Others directly working on the land.

Qualifications:

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❧ Must be 18 years old at the time of the filing of the application as beneficiary; ❧ Must have the willingness, aptitude, and the ability to cultivate and make the land productive; and ❧ Must have been employed in the commercial farm between June 15, 1988 and June 15, 1998 or upon the expiration of deferment.

Disqualifications:

❧ ❧ Farm workers who have retired from service, ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧

whether optional or compulsory; Farm workers who have resigned from their employment with the farm; Farm workers who have been dismissed for cause; Farm workers, lessees or tenants who waive or refuse to be a beneficiary; and Farm workers, lessees or tenants who have committed a violation of agrarian reform laws and regulations.

Beneficiaries’ choice

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❧ To choose the type of agribusiness venture arrangement that will maintain the economic viability of the farm; ❧ To market their products or enter into marketing arrangements; and ❧ To avail the services or assistance of individuals, associations or NGO’s in negotiating for the most advantageous agribusiness venture arrangement, enterprise development and capability building.

Types of Agribusiness Venture Arrangements

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❧ Joint Venture Arrangement ❧ Lease Arrangement ❧ Contract Growing/Growership Arrangement ❧ Management Contract ❧ Build-Operate-Transfer Scheme

Section 12:

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Determination of Lease Rentals. — In order to protect and improve the tenurial and economic status of the farmers in tenanted lands under the retention limit and lands not yet acquired under this Act, the DAR is mandated to determine and fix immediately the lease rentals thereof in accordance with Section 34 of Republic Act No. 3844, as amended: provided, that the DAR shall immediately and periodically review and adjust the rental structure for different crops, including rice and corn, or different regions in order to improve progressively the conditions of the farmer, tenant or lessee.

Power of DAR to fix rentals

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❧ For lands devoted to rice and other crops ❧ For sugar cane lands ❧ For coconut lands

Section 13. Production-Sharing Plan. Any enterprise adopting the scheme provided for in Section 32 or operating under a production venture, lease, management contract or other similar arrangement and any farm covered by Sections 8 and 11 hereof is hereby mandated to execute within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this Act, a production-sharing plan, under guidelines prescribed by the appropriate government agency.

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Section 13. Production-Sharing Plan. Any enterprise adopting the scheme provided for in Section 32 or operating under a production venture, lease, management contract or other similar arrangement and any farm covered by Sections 8 and 11 hereof is hereby mandated to execute within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this Act, a production-sharing plan, under guidelines prescribed by the appropriate government agency. Nothing herein shall be construed to sanction the diminution of any benefits such as salaries, bonuses, leaves and working conditions granted to the employee-beneficiaries under existing laws, agreements, and voluntary practice by the enterprise, nor shall the enterprise and its employee-beneficiaries be prevented from entering into any agreement with terms more favorable to the latter.

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This provision which obliges the establishment of a production-sharing plan, applied to: ❧

❧ Farms operating under a production venture,

lease, management contract or other similar arrangements; ❧ Farms leased or operated by multinational corporations (Sec. 8) ❧ Commercial farms, i.e., those devoted to saltbeds, fruit farms, orchards, vegetable and cut flower farms, cacao, coffee or rubber plantations. (Sec. 11)

❧ CHAPTER IV REGISTRATION

❧ Section 14. Registration of Landowners

Within one hundred eighty (180) days from the effectivity of this Act, all persons, natural or juridical, including government entities, that own or claim to own agricultural lands, whether in their names or in the name of others, except those who have already registered pursuant to Executive Order No. 229, who shall be entitled to such incentives as may be provided for the PARC, shall file a sworn statement in the proper assessor's office in the form to be prescribed by the DAR, stating the following information: (a) the description and area of the property; (b) the average gross income from the property for at least three (3) years; (c) the names of all tenants and farmworkers therein; (d) the crops planted in the property and the area covered by each crop as of June 1, 1987; (e) the terms of mortgages, lease, and management contracts subsisting as of June 1, 1987, and (f) the latest declared market value of the land as determined by the city or provincial assessor.

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Purpose of the Law ❧ The purpose of the sworn statement is to help the Department of Agrarian Reform identify the lands and their owners for effective implementation of the agrarian reform program.

This provision which obliges the establishment of a production-sharing plan, applied to:

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❧ Farms operating under a production venture,

lease, management contract or other similar arrangements; ❧ Farms leased or operated by multinational corporations (Sec. 8) ❧ Commercial farms, i.e., those devoted to saltbeds, fruit farms, orchards, vegetable and cut flower farms, cacao, coffee or rubber plantations. (Sec. 11)

Section 15.  Registration of Beneficiaries.

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❧ The DAR in coordination with the Barangay Agrarian Reform Committee (BARC) as organized in this Act, shall register all agricultural lessees, tenants and farmworkers who are qualified to be beneficiaries of the CARP. These potential beneficiaries with the assistance of the BARC and the DAR shall provide the following data:

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a) names and members of their immediate farm household; (b) owners or administrators of the lands they work on and the length of tenurial relationship; (c) location and area of the land they work; (d) crops planted; and (e) their share in the harvest or amount of rental paid or wages received.

A copy of the registry or list of all potential CARP beneficiaries in the barangay shall be posted in the barangay hall, school or other public buildings in the barangay where it shall be open to inspection by the public at all reasonable hours.

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Notes: Purpose of the Law: The purpose of requiring registration of agricultural lessees, tenants, and farm workers is to develop a databank of potential and qualified beneficiaries for the effective implementation of the agrarian reform program.

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❧ CHAPTER V-Land Acquisition

Section 16. Procedure for Acquisition of Private Lands.

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For purposes of acquisition of private lands, the following procedures shall be followed: (a) After having identified the land, the landowners and the beneficiaries, the DAR shall send its notice to acquire the land to the owners thereof, by personal delivery or registered mail, and post the same in a conspicuous place in the municipal building and barangay hall of the place where the property is located. Said notice shall contain the offer of the DAR to pay a corresponding value in accordance with the valuation set forth in Sections 17, 18, and other pertinent provisions hereof. (b) Within thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of written notice by personal delivery or registered mail, the landowner, his administrator or representative shall inform the DAR of his acceptance or rejection of the offer.

(c) If the landowner accepts the offer of the DAR, the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) shall pay the landowner the purchase price of the land within thirty (30) days after he executes and delivers a deed of transfer in favor of the government and surrenders the Certificate of Title and other muniments of title

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(d) In case of rejection or failure to reply, the DAR shall conduct summary administrative proceedings to determine the compensation for the land requiring the landowner, the LBP and other interested parties to submit evidence as to the just compensation for the land, within fifteen (15) days from the receipt of the notice. After the expiration of the above period, the matter is deemed submitted for decision. The DAR shall decide the case within thirty (30) days after it is submitted for decision.

(e) Upon receipt by the landowner of the corresponding payment or, in case of rejection or no response from the landowner, upon the deposit with an accessible bank designated by the DAR of the compensation in cash or in LBP bonds in accordance with this Act, the DAR shall take immediate possession of the land and shall request the proper Register of Deeds to issue a Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) in the name of the Republic of the Philippines. The DAR shall thereafter proceed with the redistribution of the land to the qualified beneficiaries.

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(f) Any party who disagrees with the decision may bring the matter to the court of proper jurisdiction for final determination of just compensation.

Notes: Since land acquisition under the agrarian reform laws is an extraordinary method of expropriation, it must be strictly construed. Hence, the failure of the Department of Agrarian Reform or any of its agencies to comply with the proper procedure for expropriation, (when no notice of coverage is issued) it should be treated as violation of constitutional due process and sould be treated arbitrary, capricious, whimsical, and tainted with grave abuse of discretion.

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Title and ownership over the land will be transferred to the Republic of the Philippines only upon full payment of the just compensation. Until the just compensation is finally determined and fully paid, the title and ownership remains with the landowner. This is so even if the DAR has deposited the offered price with the Land Bank. The mere fact, therefore that the DAR has deposited the offered price does not warrant the cancellation of the owner’s title. ( Assoc. of Small Landowners vs. Sec. of agrarian Reform)

Opening of a trust account does not constitute payment because the law requires just compensation to be paid in cash and Land Bank bonds and not by trust account.

JUST COMPENSATION ❧ Section 17. Determination of Just Compensation

What is Just Compensation?

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❧ defined as “the full and fair equivalent of the property taken from its owner by the expropriator” ❧ the measure is not the taker’s gain but the owner’s loss. ❧ the equivalent to be rendered for the property is Substantial, Full and Ample.

Two things to consider that compensation is just

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❧ correct determination of the amount to be paid to the landowner ❧ Prompt Payment ❧ payment within a reasonable time from its taking ❧ immediate deposit and release of the provisional compensation ❧ it is also the full payment of the finally adjudged just compensation

Factors used in the valuation of lands ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧

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a. cost of acquisition of the land b. value of standing crop c. current value of like properties d. its nature actual use and income e. sworn valuation of owner f. tax declarations g. assessment made by governor assessors h. 70% of the zonal valuation of the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)

Basic Formula used to Compute Land Value

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Variables ❧ a. Capitalized Net Income (CNI) based on land use and productivity ❧ b. Comparable Sales (CS) based on zonal valuation of BIR ❧ c. Market Value based on tax declaration

Equations ❧

❧ When all Factors are Present CNI x 0.60+CSx0.30+MVx0.10=Land Value ❧ When CNI is not present CSx0.90+MVx0.10=Land Value ❧ When CS factor is not present CNIx0.90+MVx0.10=Land Value ❧ When CS and CNI factors are not present MVx2=Land Value

Reckoning of Valuation ❧

❧ Basis for determining valuation of property is based on the time the property was taken from the owner and appropriated by the government. ❧ If the government takes possession of the land before the institution of expropriation proceedings, the value should be fixed at the time of the taking of the possession, not in the filing of the complaint

❧ Time of taking does not only refer to transferring of title to the Republic of the Philippines or its beneficiaries but also when the agricultural land was offered by the landowner approved the Presidential Agrarian Reform Council (PARC) through stock redistribution Scheme

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❧ If there is undue delay in payment, the determination of the value of the property is based not at the time of the taking but at the time of full payment.

Procedure in Determining Just Compensation

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1. 2. 3.

Land Bank determines the value of the lands. Using the Landbank’s valuation DAR makes an offer to landowner. If there is rejection as to the offer, the DAR shall conduct a summary administrative proceeding to determine just compensation inviting the landowner, Land Bank and other interested parties to submit evidences.

Role of Department of Agrarian Reform ❧ Adjudication Board (DARAB) ❧ In order to check whether the land valuation done by Landbank is in accordance with the rules or administrative orders, summary administrative proceedings are being conducted for the preliminary determination of just compensation.

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❧ Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicators (PARAD)-less than P10M ❧ Regional Reform Adjudicators (RARAD)-initial land valuation is P10M to P50M ❧ DARAB- initial valuation is above P50M

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4. The party who disagrees with the adjudicator may bring it to RTC designated as Special Agrarian Court for final determination.

❧ Valuation is not Conclusive Landowner can still contest the same in the proper court

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❧ Court Cannot disregard the Formula Formula is mandatory and not mere guides which the RTC may disregard ❧ Consent of beneficiary is not necessary in the Determining Just compensation the law does not mention participation of the beneficiary.

Section 18. Valuation and Mode of Compensation

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The LBP shall compensate the landowner in such amounts as may be agreed upon by the landowner and the DAR and the LBP, in accordance with the criteria provided for in Sections 16 and 17 and other pertinent provisions hereof, or as may be finally determined y the court, as the just compensation of the land. The compensation shall be paid in one of the following modes, at the option of the landowner:

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A) Cash and Financial Instruments of the Government payable as follows: a. Land above 50 hectares: i. 25% cash ii. 75% in governmental financial instruments

b. Lands above 24 hectares to 50 hectares i. 30% cash ii. 70% governmental financial instruments

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c. Lands 24 hectares and below i. 35% cash ii. 65% governmental financial instruments

B. Shares of stock in government-owned or controlled corporations, LBP preferred shares, physical assets or other qualified investments in accordance with guidelines set by the PARC; C. Tax credits which can be used against any tax liability D. LBP bonds which shall mature evry year until the 10th year

Landowner cannot insist in cash payment only ❧ ❧ It is not sanctioned by the agrarian reform law ❧ Partly in cash, partly bonds, government financial instruments, shares of stock in GOCCs, tax credits or Land Bank bonds.

Features of the Land Bank bonds ❧ ❧ ❧

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Ten percent (10%) of the face value of the bonds shall mature every year from the date of issuance until the tenth (10th) year. Bonds are transferable and negotiable. The bonds can be used for any of the following;: i.

ii. iii. iv.

Acquisition of land or any real properties of the government, including assets under the Asset Privatization Program and other assets foreclosed by the government financial institutions in the same province or region where the lands for which the bonds were paid are situated; Acquisition of land share of stock GOCCs or shares of stocks owned by the government in private corporations; Bail bonds for the provisional release of the accused persons, or performance bonds; Security for loans with government financial institution, provided, that the proceeds of the loans shall be invested in economic enterprise;

Features of the Land Bank bonds v. vi.

vii.

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Payments of various taxes and fees to government Payment of the tuition fees of the immediate family of the original bondholder in government universities, colleges, trade schools, and other institutions; Payment of fees of the immediate family of the original bondholder in government hospitals.

Section 19. Incentives for Voluntary Offers for Sale

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Landowners, other than banks and other financial institutions, who voluntarily offer their lands for sale shall be entitled to an additional five percent (5%) cash payment. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of

1998

Modes of Acquiring Agricultural Land

❧

❧ Voluntary Offers for Sale (Sec. 19) ❧ Voluntary Land Transfer (Sec. 20) ❧ Compulsory Acquisition (Sec. 16)

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998

Voluntary Offers for Sale (VOS)

❧

❧ Mode of acquiring private agricultural land by the State. ❧ A scheme where the landowner/s voluntarily offer their lands, specifically agricultural lands, for coverage. ❧ Refers to all private agricultural lands which is offered by the landowner to the State.

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998

Documentary requirements for VOS

❧

❧ Title * If there is no Title yet, Proof of Ownership or Instruments of Acquisition such as Deed of Sale or Transfer shall be presented. ❧ Tax declaration * Latest tax listing of the declared owners of the land for the last 10 years immediately preceding the filing of VOS ❧ Approved Survey or Sketch Plan The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998

Compulsory Acquisition (Sec.16) ❧

❧ Power of the State to acquire and expropriate private agricultural land

* If the landowners fails to submit the documentary requirement, the land will be subjected to compulsory acquisition. (Ungos, p. 60)

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998

DAR Administrative Order No. 2, series of 2009

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❧ Stated among others that “after June 30, 2009, the modes of acquisition shall be limited to voluntary offers to sell (VOS) and compulsory acquisition (CA) and that voluntary land transfer (VLT) shall be allowed only for landholdings submitted for VLT as of June 30,2009.”

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998

Section 20. Voluntary Land Transfer ❧ Landowners of agricultural lands subject to acquisition under this Act may enter into a voluntary arrangement for direct transfer of their lands to qualified beneficiaries subject to the following guidelines:

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998

a)

All notices for voluntary land transfer must be submitted to DAR within the first year of the implementation of the CARP. Negotiations between the landowners and qualified beneficiaries covering any voluntary land transfer which remain unresolved after one (1) year shall not be recognized and such land shall instead be acquired by the government and transferred pursuant to this Act. The terms and conditions of such transfer shall not be less favourable to the transferee than those of the government’s standing offer to purchase from the landowner and to resell to the beneficiaries, if such offers have been made and are fully known to both parties. The voluntary agreement shall include sanctions for non-compliance by either party and shall be duly recorded and its implementation monitored by the DAR.

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b)

c)

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998

Voluntary Land Transfer (VLT) ❧

❧ A direct transference of agricultural land from the landowner to the qualified beneficiaries, free from the State’s intervention. ❧ Predicament lies at paragraph 3 of the Section 20. ❧ No longer allowed as a mode of acquiring lands. ❧ Note: “After June 30, 2009, the modes for acquisition are limited to voluntary offer to sell and compulsory acquisition.” (Ungos, p. 61)

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998

Section 21. Payment of Compensation by Beneficiaries under ❧ Voluntary Land Transfer

Direct payments in cash or in kind maybe made by the farmer-beneficiary to the landowner under terms to be mutually agreed upon by both parties, which shal be binding upon them, upon registration with and approval by the DAR. Said approval shall be considered given, unless notice of disapproval is received by the farmer-beneficiary within 30 days from date of registration.

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In the event they cannot agree on the price of the land, the procedure for compulsory acquisition as provided in Section 16 shall apply. The LBP shall extend financing to the beneficiaries for purposes of acquiring the land.

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Sec. 22 Qualified Beneficiaries

Who are qualified to be a CARP beneficiary? ☺ - A “landless resident” is a farmer or tiller who owns less than 3 hectares of land

- Must be: a. Filipino citizen b. Resident of the barangay or municipality where the landholding is located

c.

At least 15 years old at the time of identification, screening, and selection

d.

Willing, able, and equipped with aptitude to cultivate and make the land productive

A landless resident could be the following: • • • • • • • -

(a) agricultural lessees and share tenants; (b) regular farmworkers; (c) seasonal farmworkers; (d) other farmworkers; (e) actual tillers or occupants of public lands; (f) collectives or cooperatives of the above beneficiaries; and (g) others directly working on the land. Also, those farm workers who were qualified beneficiaries already employed as of June 15, 1988 in the landholding.

- Managers on the said date are NOT qualified.

Who are not qualified? ☹ • Those who don’t meet the qualification • Those who waived their right in exchange for compensation, provided that the waiver has not been questioned by a proper govt entity

• Those who have not paid an aggregate of 3 annual amortizations • Those who failed to redeem or repurchase an awarded land after 2 years of foreclosure

• Those dismissed for a cause • Those who’ve obtained substantial equivalent equipment

Who else are not qualified? ☹ • • • • •

Those who retired or voluntarily resigned employment Those who misused the land or diverted the financial support services Those who misrepresented material facts in their basic qualifications Those who SOLD, DISPOSED, or ABANDONED the lands awarded Those who converted the lands for non-agricultural use without prior approval

• Those finally adjudged guilty of forcible entry or unlawful detainer over the property

• Those who violated agrarian reform laws and regulation

❧ SECTION 23. Distribution Limit – No qualified beneficiary may own more than three (3) hectares of agricultural land.

Maximum area that can be owned by or awarded to beneficiaries ❧

❧ Maximum agricultural land area that can be owned by or awarded to an agrarian reform beneficiary is three (3) hectares. Therefore, if a tenant or farm worker already owns two (2) hectares of agricultural land, he can still be awarded one (1) hectares. ❧ If the particular landholding is not enough to meet the 3-hectare award ceiling for each agricultural lessee or tenant, the excess will be distributed to them will be based on the actual size of tillage by each lessee or tenant.

Maximum area that can be owned by or awarded to beneficiaries

❧

❧ If the landholding is more than enough to accommodate the 3-hectare limit for each agricultural lessee or tenant, the excess will be distributed to agrarian reform beneficiaries in the following order: (a) seasonal farm workers; (b) other farm workers; (c) actual tillers or occupants of public lands; (d) collectives or cooperative of the above beneficiaries.

Maximum area that can be owned by or awarded to beneficiaries

❧

❧ If it is not economically feasible and sound to divide the excess land to the seasonal or other farm workers, the following criteria for prioritization shall be observed: (a) willingness, aptitude, and ability to cultivate and make the land productive; (b) physical capacity; and (c) length of service.

Maximum area that can be owned by or awarded to beneficiaries

❧

❧ If the seasonal or other farm workers equally meet the foregoing criteria, priority shall be given to those who have continuously worked on the subject landholding. The other farm workers who cannot be accommodated will be put in a wait list of potential beneficiaries in other landholdings. ❧ If the beneficiaries opt for collective ownership, such as farmers cooperative, the total area must coincide with the total number of co-owners or members multiplied by the 3-hectare limit.

Factors to be considered in determining the size of land to be awarded

❧

❧ In determining the size of land for distribution, the following factors are to be considered: (a) Type of crop; (b) Type of soil; (c) Weather patterns; and (d) Other pertinent factors critical for the success of the beneficiaries.

SECTION 24. Award to Beneficiaries ❧

SECTION 24. Award to Beneficiaries

❧

❧ Transfer of ownership to the beneficiaries not automatic ❧ When does the DAR issue a Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA)? ❧ CLOA is indefeasible ❧ Cancellation of CLOAs ❧ Grounds for Cancellation of CLOAs ❧ When will the rights and obligations of beneficiaries commence? ❧ Obligations of Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries

Transfer of ownership to the beneficiaries not automatic

❧

❧ Compulsary acquisition does not mean automatic transfer of ownership of the land to the tenant, lessee, or farm worker. Title and ownership over the land can be transferred to the beneficiaries only upon full payment of the just compensation to the landowner.

When does the DAR issue a Certificate of Land Ownership Award❧ (CLOA)?

❧ The DAR will issue CLOA only upon full payment of amortization by farmer-beneficiary. The CLOA in turn, becomes the basis for the issuance in his name of an original or transfer certificate of title.

CLOA is indefeasible

❧

❧ CLOAs are titles brought under the operation of the Torrens system. Hence, they are conferred with the same indefeasibility and security as provided for by Presidential Decree No. 1529, as amended by Republic Act No. 6732. ❧ CLOAs and other titles issued under the agrarian reform program become indefeasible and imprescriptible after one (1) year from its registration with the Office of the Registry of Deeds, subject to the conditions, limitations and qualifications under Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, the Property Registration Decree, and other pertinent laws.

Cancellation of CLOAs

❧

❧ All cases involving the cancellation of CLOAs, and other titles issued under any agrarian reform program are within the exclusive and original jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Department of Agrarian Reform.

Grounds for Cancellation of CLOAs

❧

❧ CLOAs may be cancelled on the following grounds: (a) Abandonment of the land; (b) Neglect of misuse of the land; (c) Failure to pay three (3) annual amortizations; (d) Misuse or diversion of financial and support services; (e) Sale, transfer or conveyances of the right to use the land; and (f) Illegal conversion of the land.

When will the rights and obligations of beneficiaries commence? ❧

❧ The rights and responsibilities of the beneficiaries will begin from their receipt of a duly registered CLOA and their actual physical possession of the awarded land. ❧ Pending issuance if CLOA, the identified and qualified agrarian reform beneficiaries have usufructuary rights over the awarded land which the Department of Agrarian Reform, has taken possession.

Obligations of Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries

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❧ Agrarian reform beneficiaries are obliged to: (a) Exercise due diligence in the use, cultivation, and maintenance of the land, including improvements thereon; and (b) Pay the Land Bank thirty (30) annual amortizations with 6% interest per annum;

❧

❧ The amortization will start one (1) year from the date of registration of the CLOA. However, if actual occupancy of the land takes place after the registration of the CLOA, the 1-year period shall be reckoned from constructive occupation of the land by the beneficiary.

Section 27. Transferabilty of ❧ Awarded Lands

Sale of Transfer of Awarded Lands

❧

❧ A agrarian reform beneficiaries cannot, within a period of ten(10) years, sell or transfer ownership of the land awarded to them, 1. 2. 3. 4.

Through hereditary succession To the Government To the Land Bank of the Philippines; or To the other qualified beneficiaries

Hereditary Succession ❧

❧ Succession by intestate or will to the compulsory heirs-not succession to other person. It stems from the policy of the government to develop generation of farmers to attain its avowed goal to have an adequate and sustained agricultural production with certitude.

Effect of Sale or Transfer to the Government or Land ❧ Bank ❧ If beneficiary sells or transfers ownership of land to the Government or to the Land Bank of the Philippines., the children or spouse can repurchase the land within 2 years from date of transfer.

Can beneficiary who has not fully paid the amortizations sell land ❧ to another? ❧ Under the following conditions, he may sell, transfer or convey rights 1. The approval of DAR must be obtained 2. The land should be sold only to an heir of the beneficiary or any other qualified beneficiary. 3. The transferee must undertake to cultivate the land himself, otherwise Land Bank will take land for proper disposition.

Can beneficiary lease the land to another person?

❧

❧ The beneficiary can lease the land to another person, provided that the lease is also for agricultural purposes otherwise the beneficiary may seek DAR’s approval.

Can beneficiary lease the land to former landowner?

❧

❧ The beneficiary may lease the lad to former owner subject to approval of DAR through the Provincial Agrarian Reform Coordinating Committee.

Section 28. Standing Crops at the time of Aquisition

❧

❧ The landowner retains his right over crops not yet harvested at the time DAR took possession of land.

CHAPTER VIII ❧ Corporate Farms Presented by: Kyzel Kay L. Obico

Section

❧

29

Farms Owned or Operated by Corporations or Other Business Associations. — In the case of farms owned or operated by corporations or other business associations, the following rules shall be observed by the PARC: In general, lands shall be distributed directly to the individual worker-beneficiaries. In case it is not economically feasible and sound to divide the land, then it shall be owned collectively by the workers' cooperative or association which will deal with the corporation or business association. Until a new agreement is entered into by and between the workers' cooperative or association and the corporation or business association, any agreement existing at the time this Act takes effect between the former and the previous landowner shall be respected by both the workers' cooperative or association and the corporation or business association.

Section 30

❧

Homelots and Farmlots for Members of Cooperatives. — The individual members of the cooperatives or corporations mentioned in the preceding section shall be provided with homelots and small farmlots for their family use, to be taken from the land owned by the cooperative or corporation.

❧ SECTION 31. Corporate Landowners

SECTION 31. Corporate Landowners — Corporate landowners may voluntarily transfer ownership over their agricultural landholdings to the Republic of the Philippines pursuant to Section 20 hereof or to qualified beneficiaries, under such terms and conditions, consistent with this Act, as they may agree upon, subject to confirmation by the DAR. Upon certification by the DAR, corporations owning agricultural lands may give their qualified beneficiaries the right to purchase such proportion of the capital stock of the corporation that the agricultural land, actually devoted to agricultural activities, bears in relation to the company's total assets, under such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon by them. In no case shall the compensation received by the workers at the time the shares of stocks are distributed be reduced. The same principle shall be applied to associations, with respect to their equity or participation.

❧

Corporations or associations which voluntarily divest a proportion of their capital stock, equity or participation in favor of their workers or other qualified beneficiaries under this section shall be deemed to have complied with the provisions of the Act: Provided, That the following conditions are complied with:

❧ a) In order to safeguard the right of beneficiaries who own shares of stocks to dividends and other financial benefits, the books of the corporation or association shall be subject to periodic audit by certified public accountants chosen by the beneficiaries; ❧ b) Irrespective of the value of their equity in the corporation or association, the beneficiaries shall be assured of at least one (1) representative in the board of directors, or in a management or executive committee, if one exists, of the corporation or association; and ❧ c) Any shares acquired by such workers and beneficiaries shall have the same rights and features as all other shares. ❧ d) Any transfer of shares of stocks by the original beneficiaries shall be void ab initio unless said transaction is in favor of a qualified and registered beneficiary within the same corporation. ❧ If within two (2) years from the approval of this Act, the land or stock transfer envisioned above is not made or realized or the plan for such stock distribution approved by the PARC within the same period, the agricultural land of the corporate owners or corporation shall be subject to the compulsory coverage of this Act.

❧

Under Sec 31, there are two schemes available to ❧ corporate landowners a) Voluntary land transfer b) Stock distribution * The schemes under section 31 are no longer operative

* The schemes under section 31 are no longer operative ❧

Both a) voluntary land transfer and b) stock distribution are no longer operative. Section 7 of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, as amended by Republic Act No. 9700, allowed both schemes only up to June 30, 2009. After that date, the modes of acquisition are limited to voluntary offer to sell and compulsory acquisition

SECTION 32. Production-Sharing

—

Pending final land transfer, individuals or entities owning, or operating under lease or management contract, agricultural lands are hereby mandated to execute a production-sharing plan with their farm workers or farmworkers' reorganization, if any, whereby three percent (3%) of the gross sales from the production of such lands are distributed within sixty (60) days of the end of the fiscal year as compensation to regular and other farmworkers in such lands over and above the compensation they currently receive: Provided, That these individuals or entities realize gross sales in excess of five million pesos per annum unless the DAR, upon proper application, determines a lower ceiling. In the event that the individual or entity realizes a profit, an additional ten percent (10%) of the net profit after tax shall be distributed to said regular and other farmworkers within ninety (90) days of the end of the fiscal year. To forestall any disruption in the normal operation of lands to be turned over to the farmworker-beneficiaries mentioned above, a transitory period, the length of which shall be determined by the DAR, shall be established. During this transitory period, at least one percent (1%) of the gross sales of the entity shall be distributed to the managerial, supervisory and technical group in place at the time of the effectivity of this Act, as compensation for such transitory managerial and technical functions as it will perform, pursuant to an agreement that the farmworker-beneficiaries and the managerial, supervisory and technical group may conclude, subject to the approval of the DAR.

❧

Section 32 – A Transitory Provision ❧

This provision applies only while the land transfer is being processed and finalized. The scheme requires individuals or entities owning, or operating an agricultural land under lease or management contract to adopt a production sharing with farm workers in the following manner: a) If more than P5M gross sales/year are realized: i) 3% of the gross sales – to be distributed to regular and other farm workers (over and above the compensation they currently receive) ii) 1% of gross sales – to be distributed to the managerial, supervisory and technical employees. b) If profits are realized – additional 10% of the net profits are tax, to be distributed to regular and other farmworkers.

Section 32 – Declared Unconstitutional with respect ❧ to livestock and poultry Section 32 of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law which directs corporate farms to execute and implement production-sharing plans (pending final redistribution of their landholdings), is unreasonable, confiscatory, and violative of due process, hence, null and void for being unconstitutional, insofar as it includes the livestock, poultry and swine farms in its coverage.

SECTION 32-A. Incentives — Individuals or entities owning or operating fishponds and prawn farms are hereby mandated to execute within six months from effectivity of this Act an incentive plan with their regular fishpond or prawn farmworkers or fishpond or prawn farm workers’ organization, if any, whereby seven point five percent (7.5%) of their net profit before tax from the operation of the fishpond or prawn farms are distributed within sixty (60) days at the end of the fiscal year as compensation to regular and other pond workers in such ponds over and above the compensation they currently receive.

❧

In order to safeguard the right of the regular fishpond or prawn farm workers under the incentive plan, the books of the fishpond or prawn farm owners shall be subject to periodic audit or inspection by certified public accountants chosen by the workers. The foregoing provision shall not apply to agricultural lands subsequently converted to fishpond or prawn farms provided the size of the land converted does not exceed the retention limit of the landowner.

Section 32-A Incentives ❧ Incentives for Regular Fishpond or Prawn Farm Workers This provision applies to individuals or entities owning or operating fishponds and prawn farms. The incentive is 7.5% of the net profit before tax.

SECTION 33 ❧ Payment of Shares of Cooperative or Association

❧

❧ Shares of a cooperative or association acquired by farmer-beneficiaries or worker-beneficiaries shall be fully paid for in an amount corresponding to the valuation as determined in the immediately succeeding section. The land-owner and the LBP shall assist the farmer-beneficiaries and worker-beneficiaries in the payment for said shares by providing credit financing.

NOTES: ❧ Value of shares The value of shares of a cooperative or association will be determined by the Land Bank.

SECTION 34 ❧ Valuation of Lands

❧

❧ A valuation scheme for the land shall be formulated by the PARC, taking into account the factors enumerated in Section 17, in addition to the need to stimulate the growth of cooperatives and the objective of fostering responsible participation of the worker-beneficiaries in the creation of wealth.

❧

❧ In the determination of a price that is just not only to the individual but to society as well, the PARC shall consult closely with the land owner and the worker beneficiaries.

❧

❧ In the case of disagreement, the price as determined by the PAARC, if accepted by the worker-beneficiaries, shall be followed, without prejudice to the landowner’s right to petition the Special Agrarian Court to resolve the issue of valuation.

NOTES: The Land Bank now determines the valuation ❧ ❧ Executive Order No. 405 promulgated on June 14, 1990, has transferred the authority of the Presidential Agrarian Reform Council (PARC) to determine the valuation or just compensation to the Land Bank. Section 1 of the said Executive Order provides as follows:

❧

❧ “SECTION 1. The Land Bank of the Philippines shall be primarily responsible for the determination of the land valuation and compensation for all private lands suitable for agriculture under either the Voluntary Offer to Sell ( VOS) or Compulsory Acquisition (CA) arrangement as governed by Republic Act No. 6657. The Department of Agrarian Reform shall make use of the determination of the land valuation and compensation by the Land Bank of the Philippines, in the performance of its functions.”

Sec. 35 ❧ Creation of Support Services Office

What is it? ❧

❧ The office of the DAR that provides general support and coordinative services in the implementation of the program with particular services to farmer-beneficiaries and affected landowners. ❧ the Office of Support Services is headed by an Undersecretary of the department (details on her later)

Specific services ❧

❧ 1) Irrigation facilities, especially second crop or dry season irrigation facilities; ❧ 2) Infrastructure development and public works projects in areas and settlements that come under agrarian reform, and for this purpose, the preparation of the physical development plan of such settlements providing suitable barangay sites, potable water and power resources, irrigation systems and other facilities for a sound agricultural development plan; ❧ 3) Government subsidies for the use of irrigation facilities; ❧ 4) Price support and guarantee for all agricultural produce;

❧

❧ 5) Extending to small landowners, farmers' organizations the necessary credit, like concessional and collateral-free loans, for agro-industrialization based on social collaterals like the guarantees of farmers' organization: ❧ 6) Promoting, developing and extending financial assistance to small-and medium-scale industries in agrarian reform areas; ❧ 7) Assigning sufficient numbers of agricultural extension workers to farmers' organizations; ❧ 8) Undertake research, development and dissemination of information on agrarian reform and low-cost and ecologically sound farm inputs and technologies to minimize reliance on expensive and imported agricultural inputs;

❧

❧ 9) Development of cooperative management skills through intensive training; ❧ 10) Assistance in the identification of ready markets for agricultural produce and training in other various prospects of marketing; and ❧ 11) Administration operation management and funding of support services, programs and projects including pilot projects and models related to agrarian reform as developed by the DAR.

Who is the DAR undersecretary for the Office ❧Services? of Support ❧ Atty. EMILY O. PADILLA ❧ Former DILG Undersecretary

Source: Rappler

How can you get a hold of the Undersecretary? ❧

❧ Atty. EMILY O. PADILLA Undersecretary Support Services Office (SSO) ❧ https://www.facebook.com/DARUndersecretaryE milyPadilla/ ❧ 426-7484;  454-5086;  455-2343;  928-6429 ❧ [email protected]

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Source: Facebook

Their office is also in Diliman.

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