A Nos Copy

ANOSCOPY REASON FOR VISIT: • Internal hemorrhoids • Disruption rectal mucosa • Anorectal mass • Foreign body in the anal canal • Samples for cytology • Anal polyps • Tumors • Inflammation • Fissures • Infection RISK ASSESSMENT • An imperforate anus • Recent anal or rectal surgery • Bleeding disorders • Acute cardiovascular problems • Acute abdominal problems • Constricted /narrowed anal canal. • Allergy to medication/anesthesia PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT: • Blood tests • Urine analysis • ECG • Chest X-ray • USG • Laxative/ enema was given ANESTHESIA: Local anesthesia POSITION OF THE PATIENT:

• Lateral decubitus position with the contralateral leg flexed at the knee and the hip. • The knee-shoulder position • Prone position THE PROCEDURE • Digital rectal examination was performed for bleeding or an obvious mass. • The anoscope was lubricated with lubricating jelly/ lidocaine jelly. • The anoscope was introduced gently and advancesd it slowly with a slight side-to-side twisting motion while the patient bears down. • With maintaining pressure over the obturator with the thumb anoscope was completely inserted • The obturator was removed • As the anoscope was slowly withdrawn, the anal mucosa was visualized over the entire circumference of the canal • Debris /blood/ tissue was swabbed for analysis • With applying the counter pressure anoscope was withdrawn FINDINGS: Normal results • An anal canal appeared healthy in size, color, and shape. • There is no evidence of bleeding, polyps, hemorrhoids or other abnormalities. Abnormal results • Hemorrhoids/polyps/ abscesses/ inflammation/ fissures/ colorectal polyps are present AFTER PROCEDURE: • The blood/tissue/debris is sent for pathological and histological study DURATION ______ min/hrs POSTOPERATIVE CARE

• Take sitz bath • Take pain medication as prescribed • Take antibiotics as prescribed COMPLICATIONS • Bleeding • Infection • pain