7.18 page 1 Coersive Federalism Civil war amendments - 13th abolished slavery - 14 dealt with equal protection and due process - 15 voting rights not based on the color of your skin Creative Federalism - Federal grants: allocation of federal money to the states for a specific purpose - Over 500 grant programs today o Categorical grants target a specific policy area, often with numerous federal strings attached - block grants give states wide policy latitude in achieving objectives in a broad policy area such as welfare , health or crime - general revenue sharing (GRS) – expirment by Nixon, unrestricted money, ended by Reagan. US supreme court treatment - Us v lopez (1995) the us supreme court found the gun free school zones act was unconstitiutional, exceeding federal powers under the Interstae commerce clause - Print v US (1997), provisional of the Brady Law (handguns) invalidated. Mandate to local police to conduct background checks on gun purchases violated “the very principle of state sovereignty” Coercive Federalism - Federal preemptions are situations where federal laws specifying any state laws on the subject are valid only to the extent they do not contradidct federal law (for example, the occupational safety and health Act of 1970) - Federal mandates are direct orders to the states and local gov o Age discrimnation o Safe drinking water o Clean air act - “Unfunded mandates” o impose heavy admin costs on the states w.o providing corresponding funds Congress
7.18 page 2 Constitution and legislative branch of gov - Art 1. creates a bicameral legis - House 435 reps - Senate each state have 2. 100 - Senate has a 6 term with 1/3 of the seats up for reelection every two years - House = two year term
Appointment and redistricting (house only) Constitutional requirement - All amerians counted every ten years by a census The census determines the representation in the House of Reps Apportment - the process of redistributing representation in the house of representatives - Redistricting o The redrawing of congressional districts to reflect changes in seats allocated to the states from population shifts o Done by state legislatures o Always has political overtones - When the porces sis outrageously political, it is called gerrymandering and is often struck down by courts.