7 13

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7.13 page 1 Constitutional compromises The great compromise: gave each state the same number of representatives in the senate  regardless of size. Three­fifths compromise: stipulated that each slave was to be counted as three­fifths of  a person for purposes of determining population as a basis for representation Key Biggies about the constitution - Seperation of powers o art 1, legislative branch o art 2, executivev branch o art 3, Judicial Branch, judicial review? - Check and balances’ - Power bases diffused – powers are from different forces - Economics: taxes, interstrate commerce - Federalism o Relationship betweennational and state governments o Supremacy clause, art 6 o 110th amendment - Individual rights and liberties: not originally mentioned Ratification of the US Constitution Describe in art 7 of the constitution: - require nince of the 13  - ratification by conventions rather than state legis - Federalists – favored a strong national gov - Anti­federalists – favored strong state gov and a weak national gov. Anti­federalist objections Viginia’s George mason was a delegate to the constitution convention in 1787 but refused  to sign the document His objections - no bill of rights - Powers given to the senate, president and federal courts - Necessary to proper clause was too expansive Bill of rights - 1st ten amendments to constitution

7.13 page 2 -

not part of original document james Madison proposed a bill o rights in 1789 limed powers of the national gov only and did not protext individuals from  the states or from private corporations

Amending the constitution art 5 - two thirds vote of congress and ratification by the legis of three fourths of  the states - two­thirds vote of congress and ratification by state conventions in 3/4 of  the states - National consti convention called by 2/3 of the state legis.

The seven texas constitutions - 1827 : coahuila y tejas - 1836 : Republic of Texas - 1845 : Texas enters the Union - 1861 : Confederacy - 1866  : Constitution of 1866 - 1869 : reconstruction constitution - 1876 : current constitution of 1876 Written at constitutional convention convened in Austin on September 6, 1875 - reaction to corruption - strong influence of agricultural interests - attempt to restore government to the people - attempt to reestablish economic stability - antigovernement - local control - limits on taxation - increased limits on legislature, courts, and governor - agriculture protected from intrusion and taxation General principles of the Texas Constitution - popular sovereignty - limited government - seperation of powers

7.13 page 3 o 3 branches of gov o checks and balances o elected judiciary Amending the Texas Constitution - Proposed constitutional amendment can only be submitted by the  legislature. (if we want to amend, we cannot do it ourselves, we have to go  through the legislature) - Texas citizens cannot place amendment on the ballot - Requires a 2/3 vote in both houses of the legislature. - Adoption requires passage by a majority of voters - 432 amendments by 2003 Texas Constitution: Prospects for future change - texas has history of suspicion of governement o most laypersons fear gov abuses and excesses more than they  worry about the governmentls inability to respond quickly and  efficiently - groups and interests senefit from existing constitution o have demonstrated collective resolve to minimize change

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