53. Dove 44 1

aqmif;yg;u@ trsK;d orD;pmapmif

Simone de Beauvoir

zD;*spf&Jh zdk0g'oabmobm0 Patriachal Attitude (1970) qdw k phJ mwrf;[m trsK;d orD;awG cHpm;ae=u&wJh rdom;pkqikd &f m Oya' a&;&meJ@ vlr_b0qdkif&m epfemcsufawGudkomruawmhbJ zdk0g'&Jh wefz;kd xm;r_e@J ,H=k unfrq _ ikd &f mawG[m vl@tzG@J tpnf;&Jh ,Ofaus;r_/ tawG;tac:/ pdw"f mwfa&;&meJ@ bmoma&; e,fy,fawGxrJ mS yg pdr0hf if xd;k azmufaewmudk rD;armif;xd;k jyvmygawmhw,f?

oH'dki f;az

trsKd;orD;wef;wla&;tajccHyifr0g'

Edik if aH &;tawG;tac:eJ@rwlnw D hJ pOf;pm;csuf Greer wd@k [m trsK;d orD;wef;wla&; tajc cHyifr0g'udk vpfb&,fe@J qd±k , S v f pf tawG;tac:awGrmS wjznf;jznf;wdk;wufatmif vkyfcJh=uwJholrsm;jzpf vl@tzG@J tpnf; twGi;f rSm±Sw d hJ trsK;d orD;awG&hJ tae txm;udk t"duqef;ppfcsuaf wG ±Scd ahJ yrJv h @kd Gender *si'f gv@kd ac:wJh vlrb _ 0 vdiv f uQ%m owfrw S cf su[ f m vlrb _ 0xJrmS ±Sw d hJ cGjJ cm;r_awGtm;vH;k &Jh tajccHjzpfw,f qdw k hJ t,ltqudak wmh todrw S ðf yr_ r±Scd yhJ gb;l ? 1960 eJ@ 1970 umvawGrmS trsK;d orD; wef; wla&; v_y±f mS ;r_[m Edik if aH &;/ trsm;qdik b f 0eJ@ pD;yGm;a&; u¾awGrmS omrubJ ae@w"l0jzpfysuaf ewJh vlra_ &;/ yk*v ~ u d b0eJ@ vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m taetxm;owfrw S f csufawGay:rSmyg zdk0g'}uD;pdk;r_&Jh v$rf;rdk;r_udk c0gcszdk@ t"duóud;pm; aqmif&u G cf yhJ gawmhw,f? trsKd ;orD;wef;wla&;tajccHyifr0g'rD sm; 'Da&pD;a=umif;udk pwif óud;pm;aqmif&u G o f l awGxrJ mS pDreG f 'Db;l 0g; Simone de Beauvoir (190686)[m txif±mS ;qH;k vd@k q&kd ygr,f? tJ'aD emuf rSmawmh Eva Figes at;0zD;*spef @J *smrde;f *&D,m Eva Figes and Germaine

27 Dov Jul 2007.pmd

27

8/8/2007, 8:17 PM

trsK;d orD;pmapmif

Germaine Greer

ygw,f? zD;*spf&Jh zdk0g'oabmo bm0 Patriachal Attitude (1970) qdw k phJ mwrf;[m trsK;d orD;awG cH pm;ae=u&wJh rdom;pkqikd &f m Oya' a&;&meJ@ vlrb _ 0qdik &f m epfemcsuf awGuo kd mruawmhbJ zd0k g'&Jh wefz;kd xm;r_e@J ,H=k unfrq _ ikd &f mawG[m vl@ tzG@J tpnf;&Jh ,Ofaus;r_/ tawG;t ac:/ pdw"f mwfa&;&meJ@ bmoma&; e,fy,fawGxrJ mS yg pdr0hf ifx;kd azmuf aewmudk rD;armif;xd;k jyvmygawmh w,f? b0wav#mufvHk;eJ@ oif =um;em,lr_ e,fy,ftm;vH;k rSm t rsKd;orD;awGudk edrfhusoleJ@ trsdK; om;awG&Jh tv$rf;rdk;cHawGt jzpf yHak zmfxm;ovdk jzpfaeygowJ?h 'g[m trsKd;orD;awGtay: trsKd;om; awGu csrw S jf yXmef;xm;wJh rde;f r qdkwJh yHkpHcGufvuQ%m owfrSwf csuaf wGv@kd qdyk gw,f? 'Dae&mrSm *&D,muawmh trsK;d om;wd@k &hJ avm uedAmŠ efrmS trsK;d orD;awG[m vdif ydkif;tjznfhcHqdkwJhoabma&muf&

wm[m tajctaeawGa=umifjh zpf ygowJ?h 'Dvekd @J trsKd ;orD;awG[m olw‹kd b0wav#mufv;kH rSm yHpk aH o ,Ofaus;r_u csrw S x f m;wJh trsK;d o rD;vuQ%mawGukd xdr;f odr;f ae=u &ygawmhw,f? vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m vGwf ajrmufa&; vdt k yfcsu[ f m tc&m uswmeJ@tr# or±dk;usvl@tzGJ@t pnf;&Jh zdEydS rf o _ abmobm0awGukd a0zefvmygw,f? vpfb&,feJ@ qdk±S,fvpf t,ltqawGay:u tajccHpOf;pm; csufawGxJuae abmifausmfvm cJ+h y;D vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m zdEydS rf a_ wGukd azmf xkwfzdk@óud;pm;=uygw,f? vdifydkif; qdik &f m zdEydS rf a_ wGqw kd m vlrt _ zG@J t pnf;&Jh tajccHowfrw S cf suaf wGjzpf ygw,f? w&m;rr#wr_awGjzpfwhJ vl wef;pm;tjrwfxw k rf /_ vlrsK;d a&;rke;f wD;r_qw kd m wu,fwef;tm;jzifh 'k wd,ae&mrSm ±Sw d ,fv@kd ,lq=uyg w,f? 'g[m trsK;d orD;wef;wla&; tajccH yifr0g'&Jh t"du,Hk=unf csuv f @kd qd&k ygr,f? vlra_ &;eJ@ Edik if H a&;ydik ;f qdik &f mawGukd pOf;pm;wJt h cg rSm vlwef;pm;/ vlrsK;d a&;/ Edik if aH wmf pwmawGxuf vlrb _ 0vdiyf ikd ;f qdik f &mvuQ%mowfrw S cf suu f t kd av; ay;xnfo h iG ;f pOf;pm;=uygw,f? 'g a=umifh trsK;d orD; wef;wla&; tajc cHyifr0g'aD wGu zd0k g'}u;D pd;k r_[m vdif ydik ;f qdik &f m zdEydS rf a_ wG&hJ tajccHjzpf w,fqw kd m vl@tzG@J tpnf;wckv;kH

u em;vnfvufcEH ikd zf @kd óu;d pm;azmf xkwv f m=uygw,f? 'g[mpD;yGm;a&; acgif;ykHjzwfr_qdkwJh jrifomwJht csuu f kd axmufjy&if; t&if;±Sipf epf udk qd±k , S v f pfawG ajymovdrk sK;d ygb?J zd0k g'}u;D pd;k r_qw kd m pepfw us/ ,E &W m;ususe@J vlrb _ 0 vdif vuQ%mzdEydS rf j_ zpfpOf wckjzpfygo wJ?h 'Dvekd @J vlrb _ 0qdik &f m pnf;rsn;f owfrw S cf suaf wG[m Edik if aH &;/ vlr_ a&;eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f m yHak zmfz@JG pnf; r_awG txJxu d kd jzwfoef;pD;qif;us &if; twdwef @J ypPKye` v f rl t _ zG@J tpnf; awGxrJ mS a&m bmoma&;e,fy,f awGxrJ mS yg awG@jrifae=u&jcif; jzpf ygw,f? vuQ%myHak zmfwahJ e&mrSm trsK;d om;/ trsK;d orD;awG=um;rSm rl vi,fpOfb0tpuwnf;u rwl nDwhJ taetxm;awG&ydS gw,f? 'g [m zd0k g'pd;k rd;k wJh todik ;f t0dik ;f rSm&Sw d hJ rdom;pkawGrmS yd+k yD; us,u f s,jf yef@ jyef@awG@jrifEdkifygw,f? aemuf+yD; zd0k g'}u;D pd;k r_ukd pmay/ tEkynm/ vl r_a&;b0eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;qdkifawGrSm vnf; txift±Sm; awG@Eikd yf gw,f? 'ga=umifh zd0k g'}uD;pd;k r_ukd wdu k zf suf ypfz@kd ynmay;vH@_ aqmfrt _ pDtpOf awG azmfxw k v f mygw,f? vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m cGjJ cm;r_awG[m vlrt _ zG@J t pnf;udk xdk;azmuf0ifa&muf+yD; yHk azmf wnfaqmufxm;w,f? 'g a=umifh 'DcjJG cm;zdEydS rf a_ wGukd wdu k f

or±d;k us rdom;pkz‹JG pnf;r_awGukd wdu k zf sujf cif;eJ@ vlrt _ zG@J tpnf; wGi;f rSm&Sw d hJ e,fy,fwikd ;f rSm v$r;f rd;k aewJh trsK;d orD;awGtay: pdw"f mwf a&;&mydik ;f eJ@ cE<mud, k f vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m zdEydS rf a_ wGukd z,f±mS ;ypf&r,fv@kd qdyk gw,f? 'Dvekd @J trsK;d orD; b0vGwaf jrmufa&;v_y±f mS ;r_[m awmfveS af &;qefwhJ ajymif; vJrw _ ck jzpfvmygw,f? 28 Dov Jul 2007.pmd

28

8/8/2007, 8:17 PM

trsK;d orD;pmapmif

trsK;d orD;awG ud, k 0f efaqmifjcif;eJ@ uav;arG;zGm;jcif;qdw k hJ 0efxw k 0f efy;kd udk vGwaf jrmufatmif acwfreDS nf;ynmawGu zGiahf y;r,fqrkd o S m trSew f u,f vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m wef;wlnrD #ra_ wGjzpfvmEdik v f rd rhf ,fv@kd wGuq f cJyh gw,f? oaE<wm;jrpfenf;awGe@J ud, k 0f efaqmifwmudk a±SmifEikd rf ,f 'grrS [kwf zsucf sEikd o f vdk zef¹yeG o f aE
(1972) rSmawmh vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m cGjJ cm; r_awGe@J ywfouf+y;D vlra_ &;eJ@ ordik ;f qdik &f m ausmaxmufaemufcH awGe@J ±Si;f jycJyh gw,f? rwfp&f hJ oabmw &m;udk erlem,l&if; trsK;d o rD;awG&hJ tcef;u¾udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm=unfh ygw,f? vlrb _ 0 vlwef;pm;vuQ

%mqdw k ahJ e&mrSm vdiyf ikd ;f vuQ%m qdkwJhoabmudk tpm;xdk;+yD; avh vmwJh oabmjzpfygw,f? vlrb _ 0 vuQ%m yHak zmfcsuaf =umifh omr [kwyf gb;l ? ZD0aA'oabma=umifh vnf; vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m rwlnD r_awG jzpfay:vmjcif;jzpfygw,f? trsK;d o rD;awG cav;arG;w,fqw kd hJ tajccH tcsu[ f m obm0w&m;&Jh tvkyf cGjJ cm;vkyu f ikd rf j_ zpfygw,f? 'g[m ZD0 aA'oabmaqmifwrhJ o d m;pk/ vlr_ b0jzpfygw,f? vlrt _ zG@J tpnf;[m ukeyf pPn;f xkwv f yk w f hJ jzpfpOfw ck wnf;udo k mrubJ rsKd ;qufjyef@ymG ; jcif;qdkwJhjzpfpOfudkvnf; em;vnf xm;zd@k vdt k yfygw,f? uav;arG;zGm; ay;&jcif;qdw k m trsKd ;orD;awG&hJ ZD0 aA'qdik &f mtaeeJ@ oem;pzG,jf zpf aeovdk ±kyfydkif;qdkif&m ±Sifoefa&; twGuf trsK;d om;awGukd rScD akd e&yg w,f? 'gayrJv h nf; zd0k g'}uD;pd;k r_ukd obm0 'grrS [kwf rv$rJ aoG jzpfay: vm&wmygqw kd hJ usKd ;a=umif; qif jcifru _ kd vufrcHEikd yf gb;l ? trsK;d orD;awGb0 trSef wu,fvw G af jrmufz@kd q&kd if ZD0aA' qdik &f m obm0w&m;eJ@ bk&m;ocif &Jh vGrJ mS ;wJ}h urd pf mudk ausmv f eG v f w G f ajrmufEikd rf o S m jzpfygvrd rhf ,f? o rdik ;f qdw k m t+rJw;kd wufaew,f? 'g a=umifv h w l ef;pm;yÉdyuQawGukd zsuf

odr;f +yD; vGwaf jrmufatmif vkyEf ikd f &r,fqw kd hJ rwfp&f o hJ abmw&m; vdk ygbJwJh? trsKd;orD;awG udk,f0ef aqmifjcif;eJ@ uav;arG;zGm;jcif;qdw k hJ 0efxw k 0f efy;kd udk vGwaf jrmufatmif acwfreDS nf;ynmawGu zGiahf y;r,f qdrk o S m trSew f u,f vdiyf ikd ;f qdik f &m wef;wlnrD #ra_ wGjzpfvmEdik v f rd hf r,fv@kd wGuq f cJyh gw,f? oaE<wm; jrpfenf;awGe@J ud, k 0f efaqmifwmudk a±SmifEikd rf ,f 'grrS [kwf zsucf sEikd f ovdk zef¹yGefoaE
29 Dov Jul 2007.pmd

29

8/8/2007, 8:17 PM

trsK;d orD;pmapmif

trsK;d om;awG[m vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t"rRðyusiw hf wf w,f? bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh olw@kd [m vdiyf ikd ;f t"rRðyEdik w f hJ taetxm;±Sw d t hJ wGujf zpfw,f? bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh olw@kd rmS vdiyf ikd ;f t"rRðyusiEhf ikd zf @kd ZD0aA'tpGr;f tp±Sad evd@k jzpfw,f? aemuf+y;D vdiyf ikd ;f t"rR rðyusib hf ;l qdw k hJ trsK;d om;awGawmifrS trsK;d orD;awG&hJ vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t"rRðy usichf &H Edik w f ,fqw kd hJ ta=umufw&m;eJ@ pd;k &drpf w d t f ay:rSm tusK;d tjrwfawG&aeygw,f? trsK;d orD;wef;wla&; t ajccHyifr0g'aD wG[m trsK;d om;eJ@ t rsK;d orD;=um;rSm&Sw d hJ tajccHe@J b,f vdrk S ajymif;vJðyjyifv@kd r&Edik w f hJ rwl nDwhJ tcsut f vufawG tay:rSm vnf; qef;ppfcsufawG xkwfcJh=u ygw,f? jyifopfe@J tar&durSmawmh trsK;d orD;yxr Pro-women Posik t hJ aetxm;jzpfz@kd awmif; tion qdw qdv k m=u&ygw,f? zdik ;f &m;pwke;f &Jh trsK;d orD;awG[m uav;arG;zGm;& jcif;eJ@ apmifah ±Smufxrd ;f odr;f &jcif;qdk wJ}h urd pf mudk vGwaf jrmufatmifvyk f Edik rf jS zpfr,fqw kd hJ qifjcifpOf;pm;csuf [m wu,fwef;tm;jzifh rsKd ;quf jyef@ymG ;jcif;eJ@ rdcifb0udk tav;ay; tr$e;f wifaewmjzpfygowJ?h trsK;d orD ; qd k w m trsKd ; om;awG e J @ wl atmif óu;d pm;zd@k vyk af qmifp&m rvdk ygb;l ? rvkyaf qmifoifyh gb;l ? trsK;d orD;awG&hJ oabmobm0eJ@ wefz;kd xm;r_awG[m trsK;d om;awGe@J rwl nDygbl;? wcsKd@e,fy,fawGrSm t xufwef;usjcif;/ wDxiG zf efw;D Edik f pGr;f / cHpm;em;vnfEikd rf e_ @J xdr;f odr;f apmifha±Smufr_qdkwJh t&nftcsif; awGrSm trsKd;orD;awG[m trsKd; om;awGxuf ydo k m=uygw,f? 'gukd

trsK;d om;awGu jynfjh ynf0h 0 b,f wke;f urS wefz;kd rxm;cJ=h uygb;l qd+k y;D trsKd;orD; wef;wla&;v_yf±Sm;ol awGu rSwcf suaf y;avh±ydS gw,f? trsK;d orD;A[dðk y,Ofaus;r_ 'Dvekd @J b,fvrkd ðS yjyifajymif; vJvdk@r&EdkifwJh trsKd;orD;eJ@ trsKd; om;=um;rSm&SdwJh rwlnDr_awGudk vufcv H m=u&if; yHpk EH pS rf sK;d uGx J u G f vmygw,f? wcsK‹d trsK;d orD; wef;wl a&;v_yf±Sm;olawG[m ,Ofaus;r_ e,fy,fbufukd OD;vSnphf Of;pm;vm =uygw,f? Edik if aH &; oabmw&m; raqmifwt hJ rsKd ;orD;A[dðk y,Ofaus; r_e@J vlrb _ 0taetxm;awGqD jyef a&mufoGm;ygw,f? 'Dvdkvkyfvdkuf wJt h wGuf trsK;d om;awG&u hJ rBmvd@k qdw k hJ Edik if aH &;e,fajrxJuae aemuf qkwv f u kd w f mrsK;d jzpfomG ;ygw,f? aemufwrsK;d uawmh qef@usib f uf jzpfwhJ Edik if aH &;t& wGe;f wGe;f wdu k f wdu k v f yk zf @kd jzpfvmcJ=h uovdk awmf vSeaf &;oabmaqmifvm=uygw,f? vdifydkif;qdkif&m rwlnDjcm;em;csuf awG[m obm0a=umifv h @kd qckd &hJ if awmif zd0k g'}u;D pd;k r_&hJ Zpfjrpf[m t rsK;d om;vdiaf =umifjh zpfygw,f? trsK;d om;tm;vH;k [m cE<mud, k ±f yk yf ikd ;f eJ@

pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f mrSm trsK;d orD; tm; vH;k udk zdEydS zf @kd yHak zmfxm;vd@k jzpfyg w,f? wenf;tm;jzifh trsKd;om; awGtm;vH;k [m &efoal wGjzpfygo wJ?h 'Dvekd @J trsK;d orD; wef;wla&; oD; jcm;cGx J u G af qmif&u G af &; t,ltq awG Feminist Separatism jzpfvm ygawmhw,f? zdESdyfoleJ@ zdESdyfcHqdkwJh vdiftwef; tpm;ESp&f yf trsKd;om;awG[m wGef; wGe;f wdu k w f u kd v f yk jf cif;/ v$r;f rd;k cs,f vS,jf cif;eJ@ zsuq f ;D jcif;qdw k hJ zdEydS w f hJ vd i f twef ; tpm; Oppresive Class jzpfvmovdk trsK;d orD;awG uawmh tpOfxm0& zdEydS cf t H wef; tpm; Universal Victims jzpfvm ygawmhw,f? cE<mud, k ±f yk yf ikd ;f eJ@ vdif ydik ;f qdik &f m t"rRusio hf ;kH r_awGe@J t rsK;d om;awG[m trsK;d orD;awGukd zd ESyd x f m;ygw,f? trsK;d om;awG[m vdifydkif;qdkif&m t"rRðyusifhEdkifwJh pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m zefw;D wnfaqmuf xm;Edkif+yD;om;jzpfouJhodk@ 'g[m trsKd;orD;awGtm;vHk;twGuf t a=umufw&m;eJ@ trsK;d om;tm;vH;k &Jh xdr;f csKyfru _ kd tpOft+rJcaH e&r,f qdkwJh todw&m;jzpfvmygawmh

30 Dov Jul 2007.pmd

30

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trsK;d orD;pmapmif

w,f? trsK;d om;awG[m vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t"rRðyusiw hf wfw,f? bm jzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh olw@kd [m vdiyf ikd ;f t"rRðyEdkifwJh taetxm;±SdwJht wGuf jzpfw,f? bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh olw@kd rmS vdiyf ikd ;f t"rRðyusiEhf ikd zf @kd ZD0aA'tpGr;f tp±Sad evd@k jzpfw,f? aemuf+yD; vdiyf ikd ;f t"rRrðyusib hf ;l qdw k hJ trsK;d om;awGawmifrS trsK;d orD;awG&hJ vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m t"rRðy usichf &H Edik w f ,fqw kd hJ ta=umufw &m;eJ@ pd;k &drpf w d t f ay:rSm tusK;d t jrwfawG&aeygw,f? 'guawmh pl qefba&mif;rDvm&Jh usrwd@k qENukd qef @ usif v suf Susan Brownmiller’d Against Our Will qdw k hJ pmwrf ; xJ u aumuf c suf j zpf yg w,f? jyXmef;cHqw kd mbmvJ? vdifydkif;qdkif&m wef;wl &nfwljzpfa&;eJ@ [efcsufnDa&;qdk wm tvG,w f ul rjzpfEikd yf gb;l ? t rsK;d om;eJ@ trsK;d orD;=um; qufqH a&;tm;vH;k [m zdEydS rf a_ wG±adS ewm ygb?J 'ga=umifh trsK;d om;eJ@ vuf xyfw,fqw kd hJ trsK;d orD;awGukd t rsK;d om;awG&hJ tjyXmef;cH Man Identified Women awGtjzpf,lq vmygawmhw,f? rdrw d @kd &hJ obm0 w&m;udk rSerf eS u f efueftodtrSwf rðyEdik af wmhovdk trsK;d orD;jyXmef; csufqdkwmrsKd;vnf; aysmufuG,f

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Simone de Beauvoir

31 Dov Jul 2007.pmd

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8/8/2007, 8:17 PM