2008 Nov

uGefysLwm*sme,f

2008 ckEpS ?f Ek0d ifbmv? trSwf 177

89

rsufESmzHk;aqmif;yg; 34 uGefysLwmavmu trSwfw& tjzpftysufESifh trSwfw&yk*¾Kdvfrsm; uGeyf sLwmay:rmS ok;H wJh jrefrmpmudpu ö 'DavmuxJrmS vlajymp&mtrsm;qk;H taMumif;&yfwpfck jzpfygw,f/txl;ojzifh ,leu D w k f jrefrmpmudpq ö &dk if tMu;D tus,f tkwaf tmfaomif;wif; jzpfcMhJ u&wJh udp&ö yf jzpfygw,f/

66

Bloggers' Guide wcsKUd bloggers awGu web wpfcv k ;kH tay:u blogs awGeYJ tpOfwpdu k f qufo, G rf I &Sad ecJw h t hJ cg &yfem;vdrYk &wJh taetxm;avmuf jzpfomG ;Mu&w,f/ rdrzd efw;D csuaf wG&UJ yHpk t H rsK;d tpm;twGuf taumif;qH;k taetxm;eJY vkyu f ikd af y;r,fh wpfcck u k kd a&G;cs,zf Ykd tcGit fh vrf; &So d Gm;jyefw,f/

enf;ynm e,fveG f pD;yGm;a&;acwfopf

ICT

pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;toku d t f 0ef;tm;vk;H vkt d yfae onfu ICT enf;ynmrsm;ESiq hf ufpyfjy;D rdrv d yk if ef; twGuf ]r[mAsL[majrmuf pD;yGm;a&;zHUG jzKd ;wk;d wufrI vkyMf u&ygawmhrnf/

50

New Products

uGefysLwmtufaq; 48 vkHjcHKa&;uifr&mrsm;eJY uRefawmf (okYrd [kwf) uk, d yfh &Hk yd u f , dk f ESpfjcKd urf w d hJ uRefawmf vef'efjrKd u U &yfuu G f wpfcek w YJ pfck tMum; oGm;vmwJh vlawG[m uifr&maygi;f rnfrQa&SrU mS jzwfomG ; &jyD; tMurd af ygi;f b,favmuf rSww f rf;wifc&H rvJqw kd m pOf;pm;Munfh ygav/

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG 12 owif;awGu 'Dv&dk w dS ,f . . . 79

MP 3/ 4

0,frnho f ?l ok;H aeolrsm;okYd

tacGwpfacGxnfzh iG &hf if wpfzuf udk em&D0ufavmufyJ em;axmifv&Ykd jy;D wpfacGv;kH rS oDcsi;f 10 yk'?f 12 yk'f avmufomygwhJ uufqufawG[m ]tef;wdw}f jzpfomG ;ygjy/D tckacwf ay: MP-3/4 awGusawmh vufravmuf? vufoef;avmufuav;awGeYJ oDcsi;f tyk'f tenf;qH;k 300 ausmf qdw k muyJ oH;k vdu Yk kd aysmaf ewmayg/h

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

95 oDt&dk D\ ed*;Hk

134 pdwt f aESmift h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyóem

104

138

Premiere Tutorial

109 oif freedownload rsm; tvk&d adS ejyv D m;

142

PhotoshopTutorial

116

System Analysis and Design

145

Photoshop

124

Website Index

148

Microsoft Office 2007

158

Download

Overclock your desktop

jzwfvrf;enf;

#Dum

164 uGefysLwmtar;tajz PREVIEW

REVIEW

128

131

Far Cry 2

Pure

176

Java Developer Guide

EDITOR OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,f&D)

CONTRIBUTORS OD;rsdK; (tdkifwDtef;wdwf)? armifarmifMuD;? pkdif;wifhxl;? aZmfrif;ESifh Modula-2

uGefysLwm*sme,f 197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf;(txuf)? &efukef/ zkef;- 01-387305/

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f

H a r d w a r e

DSLRs 'pf*spw f ,f uifr&mawGtwGuf memory card topf DSLRs uifr&mudk toHk;jyKolawGudk tvif;&JU tjreffEIef;eJYtnD okdrSD;odrf;qnf;½dkuful;&,lEkdifapzdkY San Disk u memory cards topfawG xkwfvkyfvmjyefygw,f/ Extreme III 30M Bps Edition SHDC cards vkdY trnfay;xm;w,f/ 4GB yrmPtwGuf 65 a':vm? 8GB yrmPtwGuf 110 a':vmeJY 16 GB yrmPtwGuf 180 a':vmqkdjyD; aps;EIef; toD;oD; owfrSwfxm;wmudk awGU&w,f/ 6MB Fine file wpfcktwGuf 4.5 fps EIef;xm;eJY wpfqufwnf; 39 csuftxd ½dkufESdyfEdkifapw,f/ Cards awGtaeeJY tylcsdef 13 'D*&Duae 185 'D*&Dz,f&if[kduftwGif; cHEdkif&nf &SdapzdkY pDrHaqmif&Gufxm;cJhw,f/ oGm;&nf,dkp&m aumif;vSwJh NiKon &JU D90 qkdwJh uifr&mtopfuawmh 'D cards topfawGtwGuf yxrqHk; yHhydk;rIudk &,lEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/ San Disks taeeJY t&ifxkwfxm;cJhwJh 20M MBps Cards awGuae 50 &mcdkifEIef;xm; ydkjr§ifh,lvdkY&r,fvdkY tmrcHcsuf ay;xm;w,f/ 12.3 MP D90 udk 720p eJY ½dkuf,lEdkifrSm jzpfovdk HD video twGuf 24 fps EIef;xm;eJY ½dkuful;Ekdifygvdrfhr,f/ Xbox 360 awGtwGuf

em;Muyfopf Nintendo Wii eJY EIdif;pm&if Microsoft &JU Xbox360 u aps;EIef; csKdomaew,f/ 'Dawmh accessory

awG jznhfqnf;r,fqkd&if tcGifhtvrf; ydk&Sdaew,f/ Tuttle Beach u 'Dtaetxm;udk jrifawGUwmrdkY Ear Force X4 qkdwJh head-phone wpfrsKd;udk Xbox 360 eJY wGJoHk;EdkifzdkY aps;uGufxJudk wGef;ydkYay;vdkufw,f/ MudK;rJhpepfeJY toHk;csEkdifjyD; 5.1 surround sound (Dolby Pro Logic II) &ovdk tjynfht0 cHpm;cGifh &Edkifygvdrhfr,f/ *drf;upm; aepOftwGif; Xbox Live chat &JU twkd;tus,fudk csdefnd§ jyD; toHk;jyKEdkifw,f/ Microsoft &JU SideWinder tjyif *drf;upm;&mrSm toHk;jyKzdkY ydkjyD; tqifajyapwJh X6 keyboard eJY X5 mouse wkdYudkvnf; wpfjydKifeufwnf; xkwfvkyf a&mif;cscJhw,f/ Ear Forc X4 udk 199 a':vm? X6 keyboard udk 78 a':vm? X5 mouse udk a':vm 60 vdkY aps;EIef; owfrSwf xm;wm awGY&w,f/

12

uGefysLwm*sme,f

rsupf t d m½Hk avhusizhf Ydk Eyepart Vision Training System qdkwmudk 199 a':vmeJY a&mif;csvsuf &Sdw,f/ Audio wkdY? Color wdkY? Light wdkYeJY aygif;pyfjyD; yHkpHjyKxm;wm jzpfw,f/ rsufaph avhusifhrItwGuf Eyepart udk toHHk;csjyD; wpfaeYvQif 10 rdepfavmuf avhusifhEkdifzkdY 'DZdkif; jyKxm;w,f/ 'Dvdkavhusifh&if;eJY rsufaphtm½Hk wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmapEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ FDA &JU twnfjyKrIudk wDxGifjyKvkyfol Dr. Jacob Liberman u aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefay;cJhw,f/ Eyepart Vision Traning System udk toHk;csjcif;jzifh rsufaphtm½Hk wkd;wufrI &apEkdifovdk rdrdeJY tH0ifcGifus jzpfapr,fh rSeftrsKd;tpm;udk twdtus od&SdcGifh &EkdifaprSm jzpfw,f/

owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f

Hardware

Wii Us wk?Yd Xbox 720 wd?Yk PlayStation 4 wkYd vmawmhrmS vm;

jrifuiG ;f us,u f s,f jrifawGEU idk zf Ykd

rMumao;cifu xkwfa0cJhwJh Forbes r*¾Zif;&JU aqmif;yg;wpfckrSm *drf;puf tjydKiftqkdif xkwfvkyfvmwJh 8 ESpf oufwrf;umvtjyD; Microsoft wdkY? Sony wdkY? Nintendo awG taeeJY armf',ftopfawGeJY xyfrH rdwfqufvmMuvdrfhOD; r,fvkdY t&dyft>ruf yg&SdvmcJhw,f/ Sony Computer Entertainment qkdif&m tar&duefEkdifiH½Hk;rS wm0efcHMuD;jzpfwJh Jack Tretton u specific direction eJY oGm;zdkY r&nf&G,fxm;cJhaMumif; bite-sized casual entertainments vkyfaejcif; uae tqihfjr§ifhwifzdkY &nf&G,fcsufvnf; &SdaMumif; ajymMum;cJhw,fvkdY qkdw,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ Nintendo Ouú|jzpfwJh Satoru Iwata uvnf; Wii tpm; wpfqifh jr§ifhwif aqmif&Guf xm;wJh pufwpfckckudk avmavmq,f aps;uGufxJ csay;zdkY &nf&G,fcsuf r&Sdao;ayr,fh Nintendo Ouú|taeeJY [mh'f0JopfawG xGufay:EdkifzdkYawmh tpOftjrJ MudK;pm;aeaMumif; ryGifhwyGifh ajymMum;cJhw,fvkdY aqmif;yg;xJrSm yg&SdcJhygw,f/

tcktcsdeftxd jrifuGif;us,f us,f jrifawGUvkdolawGtwGuf armfeDwmESpfckeJY setup vkyfMunhf Mu&w,f/ 'gudkyif ao;Ekyf w,fvkdY xifjrif,lqxm;wJh olawGtwGuf armfeDwm av;ck qufMunhfEkdifr,fh quat monitor technology ay:xGuf vmygw,f/ Display Link u Intel &JU 4 Series Chipset Family twGuf yHhydk;aqmif&Guf ay;cJhw,f/ yHkazmfcsufudk rsufESm jyifav;ckrSm wpfckeJYwpfck qufpyf jrifawGUEdkifapzdkY Display Link u pDrHaqmif&Guf ay;vdkufygw,f/ Display Link &JU USB network display aqmhzf0Judk toHk;csMu&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'DtwGuf tydkaqmif; graphic card awG oD;jcm; xnhfoGif;zdkY rvdktyfygay/

Blu-ray HTB

udk Samsung u aps;csKcd sKed YJ vkyv f u kd jf yefjyD

tdrfwGif;azsmfajza&;twGuf AD'D,kd? 'DAD'D½kyf&SifawGudk ½kyf&Sif½HktwGif;u cHpm;csufrsKd; &EkdifapzdkY pDpOfwJhtcg Blu-ray twGuf 0efxkyf0efydk;jzpfaumif; jzpfaeMuygvdrhfr,f/ 'DtwGuf Samsung u aps;EIef;csKdcsKdomomeJY aqmif&GufEkdifr,fh HTB udk xkwfvkyfcJhw,f/ t&ifu 7-1 channel HTB D2S udk 999 a':vmeJY a&mif;cscJhjyD; HT - BD2T udk 1499 a':vmeJY a&mif;cscJhw,f/ tJ'DESpfrsKd;&JU feature awGudk a&marT oHk;jyD; 5.1 channel HT-BD2E qkdjyD; a':vm 800 eJY a&mif; csrSm jzpfw,f/ yg0gtm;u 800 0yf &Sdygw,f/ HT- BD2E &JU single - disc Blu-ray player av;rSm HDML out yg&Sd jyD; 1080p DVD udk tjynhft0 cHpm;cGifh &apum firmware update twGuf Ethernet port wpfck yg&Sdvmwm awGU& w,f/ tm;enf;csuftaeeJY ajym&&if passive subwoofer taetxm;eJY DTS - HD Master Audio udk yHhydk;aqmif&Guf jcif; r&SdwmyJ jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh FM Tuner ygjyD; Optical digital input ESpfck ay;xm;jyD; universal remote yg&Sd vmwmrdkY pdwfauseyfrI &oGm;apEkdifygw,f/

Ed0k ifbmv? 2008

13

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f

H a r d w a r e

0ifqrhH I yk&d w dS hJ Blu-ray Disc awG vmOD;r,f Pioneer taeeJY 400 GB yrmPavmuf&SdwJh data awGudk odrf;qnf;xm;Ekdifr,fh 16-layer optical disc awGudk xkwfae wmudkyif rauseyfao;wJh yHkpHrsKd; &Sdw,f/ 'DvkdyrmP&SdwJh Blu-ray disc udk zefwD;jyD;vdkYrS rMumcif vydkif;twGif;rSmyJ 500 GB yrmPtxd 0ifqHhrI&Sdr,fh disc xkwfvkyfzdkY jyifqifaejyefygw,f/ 'D disc u 20 layer &Sdvdrfhr,fvkdY Optical Memory eJY Optical Data eJY oufqkdifwJh Internation Symposium rSm rdwfqufwifjycJhwm jzpfw,f/ vuf&Sdxkwfvkyfxm;jyD; Blu-ray disc u single layer twGuf 25 GB &SdjyD; double-layer twGuf 50 GB option eJY jrifawGUaeMu &wm jzpfw,f/ 20 layer discs awGudk 2010 ckESpfeJY 2012 ckESpftMum; xkwfvkyfjzefYcsdvdrfhr,fvkdY ,lq&ygw,f/

H A R D W A R E

M O L E

&ifcek Mf unfE;l p&may;r,fh Thermaltake 'DZdkif;qk arQmfrSef;jyD; vkyfukdifcJhwm r[kwfayr,fh Thermaltake &JU Thermaltake Cinema Web Site opf uawmh &ifckefMunfEl;p&m jzpfapjyD; qk &udk&OD;r,fh yHkpH taetxm; &Sdw,fvkdY od&w,f/ 'Dvkd &oawG tjynfht0 cHpm;EkdifapzdkY video.thermaltake.com udk 0ifa&mufMunhf½I&if; ay;xm;wJh tMuHÓPfawGeJY taetxm;awGudk avhvm ppfaq;,lEkdifygvdrhfr,f/ Thermaltake &JU products awGeJY serivce awGu dynamic range twGif; &SdaejyD; AD'D,kdawG? pD;&D;vdkuf &SmazG,lEdkifw,f/ bmompum;trsKd;rsKd;eJY wifjyay;wJh jyuGif;jyuGufawGvnf; ½Ipm;cGifh &Ekdifw,f/ aemufqHk; urÇmwpfvTm;u vIyf&Sm;rIowif;awGeJY jyyGJawGudkyg ukd,fwkdif oGm;a&muf Munhf½IcGifh &ovkd cHpm;Mu&ygvdrhfr,f/ SATA HDD Dock oH;k vdo k vm; Brando u SATA HDD dock vkdif;twGuf rmvfwD rD'D,m enf;vrf;wpfcktaeeJY toHk;csEkdifzdkY aemufqHk;xkwf product wpfckeJY wkd;0ifvmjyefygw,f/ Brando u SATA HDD Multimedia Dock udk 84 a':vmvdkY aps;EIef; owfrSwfcJhw,f/ 2 'or 5 vufrjzpfjzpf? 3 'or 5 vufr t&G,ftpm;jzpfjzpf SATA drive (FAT32) qkd&if USB 2.0 connection eJY vufcHqufoG,faqmif&GufEkdifrSm jzpfw,f/ Transfer udpo ö mru backup udpw ö kdY? claning cores wkdYudkvnf; cGifhjyKxm;wJhtjyif SD Card Slot wpfckvnf; yg&Sdvmygw,f/ S-Video connection option (HDM ryg) awGvnf; vkyfudkifcGifh &Sdw,f/ MPEG, WMA, WAV, JPEG, GIF, MPEG 1/2/4, Xvid, DivX tygt0if audio jzpfjzpf? AD'D,kdjzpfjzpf? "mwfyHkjzpfjzpf format aygif;pHkudk vufcHaqmif&Gufay;Edkifygvdrhfr,f/ Brando &JU Duck udk 0,f,lolwkdif;twGuf AV eJY USB cable awGtjyif remote control wpfckudkvnf; xnhfay;vkdufrSm jzpfw,f/

14

uGefysLwm*sme,f

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f

Android

onf prwfzek ;f rsm;twGuf csK;d auGv Y n S ahf jymif;rI trSwt f om;jzpfvmEkid f

Google &JU vmr,fh Android mobile yvufazmif;[m pm;okH;ol

awGtaeeJY prwfzkef;awGudk us,f us,fjyefYjyefY vufcHusifhoHk;vmap zdkY&m EdI;qGay;vdrfhr,fvdkY ABI Research u qdkvkdufygw,f/ zkef; vkdif;0efaqmifrIay;ol carriers awGudkvnf; pHEIef;owfrSwfa&; standardization qDokdY wGef;ydkYay; vdrfhr,fvdkY 'Smartphone and OS Markets' qdkwJh tpD&ifcHpmrSm azmfjy yg&Sdw,f/ aemufqHk;wpfaeYrSm vuf&Sdaps;uGufa0pk 14 &mckdifEIef; xuf ausmfvGefatmif wGef;ydkYay;Ekdif ygvdrhfr,f/ Operator eJY handset xkwfvkyfolawG[m standard platform oHk;jyD; udk,fykdif business model azmfaqmif&jcif; wefzdk;udk odrSwfem;vnf&if Android u Google eJY Open Handset Alliance wdkY arQmfvifhxm;ouJhodkY ae&mwum a&muf&Sd ysHUESHYwJh rkdbkdif;vfyvufazmif; jzpfvmEkdif

16

H a r d w a r e

uGefysLwm*sme,f

aumif;w,f/ tMuD;rm;qHk;pdefac:rI awGxJu wpfcku standard operating system yg&SdwJh ud&d,m awG wef;pDZ,m;eJY&Sdaejcif;[m olwdkY twGuf aumif;aMumif; 0dkif,mvuf operator awGtaeeJY odjrifoabm aygufvmapzdkY&mjzpfw,f/ Standardization u enf;ynm ykdif;qkdif&m pDrHcefYcGJrIudk ydkvG,fatmif vkyfay;Ekdifw,f/ aps;uGuf 0efaqmif rIqdkif&mawGvnf; ydkvG,fatmif vkyfay;Ekdifw,f/ ],cktawmtwGif; prwfzkef;aps;uGufu þOD;wnf&m bufodkY a&GUvsm;aeygw,f/ Android omatmifjrifcJh&if prwf zkef;aps;uGufrSm tajctjrpfusus ajymif;vJrIpwifvmjcif; trSwf tom;jzpfr,f}vdkY tpD&ifcHpmrSm qdkxm;w,f/ tajctaeudk uGif;qufpHkprf;r,fqdk&ifvnf; Android oHk;xm;wJh T-Mobile HTC G1 zkef;aygif;? 1 'or 5 oef;udk trSmpmjzifh MudKwifa&mif;cs xm;&jyD;jzpfw,f/ ,ckvdk MudKwif rod&ao;wJh topfpufpuf rdkbkdif;vf yvufazmif;ud&d,m twGufu tvGeftvm;tvm aumif;wJh pdwf0ifpm;rI tvm; tvm jzpfw,f/ atmufwdkbm 22 &ufaeYrSm vlaygif; 1 'or 5 oef;u G1 zkef; &&SdvmrSm jzpf w,f/ 'Dudef;*Pef; txJrSm xdkodkYpwif ay:xGufrS 0,f,lr,fh

olawG pm&if; rygao;ygbl;/ G1 u vlawGudk pdwfvIyf&Sm;apcJhwm &Sif;yg w,f/ Android &JU qef;opf azmufxGufrIawGrSm ,cktcg cyberspace vdkY ac:nTef;vmMuwJh "cloud computing" txJu Google &JU 'gZifjzifhcsDaom application rsm;odkY qufoG,f vrf;aygufrI yg0ifw,f/ Cloud computing u handset aysmufrSm pdk;&drfolawGudkvnf; qGJaqmifw,f/ Online oufouf model jzifhqkd&if oif[m b,f PC, smartphone urqdk log on 0ifvkdufwmeJY ukd,f&JU digital life odkY qufoG,f&&Sdr,f/ Browser oHk;jyD; vlawGu Gmail, Google Doc & Spreadsheet eJY Google Map vdk Google app awGeJY vsifjrefpGm qufoG,f &,lEkdifr,f/ 'gayr,fh Android zkef;udk tus,fjyefYqHk; oHk;vmMurvm; qdkwmawmh ajymzdkY&m apmaeao; w,f/ Apple, Research In Motion, Symbian eJY tjcm;tkyfpk awGu handset awG aps;uGufa0pk qkyfukdifxm;qJrSmqdk&if 0dkif,mvuf carrier awGxHrS vHk;0jynfhpHkwJh standardization &zdkY&m cufcJaeygvdrfhr,f/

owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f

Chip

Watch

ARM twGuf Apple rSm topfvi Gq f ;kH vkid pf if&adS eap&r,f pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;vSwJh owif;qef;wpfck jzpfw,f/ Apple u Power PC chip udk 'DZdkif;vkyfwJh PA Semi qkdwJh firm udk {jyDvu a':vmaiG 278 oef;eJY 0,f,lvdkuf w,fvkdY qkdw,f/ PA Semi &JU Chip hards awGu Intel compatible microprocessor udk jyKvkyfEdkifwJh 0g&ifh firm wpfck jzpfw,f/ Low-power ARM chip awGudkvnf; 'DZdkif;jyKvkyfEkdifcJhygw,f/ Digital Equipment aumfydka&;&Sif;MuD;&JU Strong ARM chip awGqkd&if vGefcJhwJh ESpftawmfMumMumuyif tajrmuftjrm; zefwD;xm;cJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh owdxm;Munfhp&m jzpfaewmu Apple taeeJY Intel qDu X86 processor awGudk r0,f,lwmyJ jzpfw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if iPhone wdkY? iPod wdkYtwGuf &nfrSef;jyD; Low-power Computer eJY chips awGudk ydkjyD; vkdvm;aewJh oabm jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh r&Sif;rvif; owif;wpf&yftaeeJY ARM vDrdwufukrÜPDu topfvGifqHk; vkdifpif&Sdaeap&r,fvkdYom ryGifhwyGifh aMunmvdkufwm jzpfEkdifygw,f/

vuf&dS chip aps;EIe;f tajctae (AMD eJY Intel CPU awGtwGuf aps;EIef;owif;) Ä vufvD

ÄÄ vufum; (ta&twGuf 1000 ESihf txuf) « vuf&adS ps;EIe;f wGif Ä jyxm;ygu Pricegrabber.com rS rSm,lEikd yf gonf/»

Ed0k ifbmv? 2008

17

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f C h i p W a t c h Nintendo &JU topfvi Gq f ;kH Wii accessory

Nvidia's

2006 ckESpftwGif;u Nintendo u Wii remote controller udk yGJxkwfcJhwJhtcg taumif;qHk;&EkdifwJh accelerometer eJY

tckcsdefrSm &SifoefMuD;xGm;aewJh graphic chip ukrÜPD 50 avmuf &Sdaew,f/ Nvidia u standalone graphics chip maker taeeJY aps;uGufrSm xkd;xkd;axmifaxmif t&SdqHk; jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh pGefYpm;pD;yGm;&SmvdkolawGu *&yfzpf toHk;csrItydkif;qDudk ajymif;a&TU vmw,f/ yxrqHk; usif;ywJh Nvision 08 graphics show qkdwJh ESpfywfvnfjyyGJrSm Nvidia &JU

infrared technology

udk toHk;jyKcJhw,f/ toHk;jyKolawGtaeeJY olwdkY&JU wDADG rsufESmjyifay:udk Wii remote eJY xdef;csKyfaqmif&GufwJhtcg shooting game awGtwGufom ydkjyD; wdwdusus aqmif&GufEkdifcJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh Nintendo u tm;vHk;udk wdwdusus xdef;csKyfukdifwG,fEkdifzdkY 2009 ckESpfrSm Wii Motion Plus accessory udk pwifrdwfqufay;r,fvdkY MuH&G,fxm;cJhw,f/ 'D accessory opfu sword slices udprö sKd;? wrist flicke udprö sdK;awGrSm ydkjyD; wdwdusus aqmif&Gufay;rSm jzpfw,f/ Inven Sense u Nintendo udk MEMS-based gyroscope udk jznhfwif;ay;w,f/ a&GUvsm;rItwkdif; twmawG ydkjyD; wdusapzdkY jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifhrsm;rMumrD umvtwGif; Wii Sport Resort *drf;awGudk ydkjyD; yDyDjyiffjyif upm;Edkifawmhr,fvkdY arQmfvifh&ygw,f/ Custom Chip

'DZikd ;f emawGtwGuf 45 Nanometer

Custom ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) chips

'DZdkif;vkyfzkdYtwGuf ukefusp&dwfu a':vmaiG 65 oef;txd tHhMop&m aumif;avmufatmif jrifhwufoGm;cJhw,f/ 18 vavmuftxd MumjrihfcJhwmrdkY tif*sifeD,m oufqkdif&m ukefusp&dwfawGu xyfykd;oGm;vdkYyJ jzpfw,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ FPGAs (field - programmable gate arrays) u ajymif;vG,fjyifvG,f taetxm;&SdcJhjyD; aemufqHk;tcsdefrSmyJ aqmhzf0Jy½dk*&rfawG vkyfudkifoGm;EdkifapcJhw,f/ jyóemu FPGAs taeeJY chip wpfcktwGuf ukefusp&dwfu tvGefyJ MuD;jrifhrI &SdcJhw,f/ eASIC eJY Santa Clara twGuf vkyfudkifzdkY pwif rçwnf&wJh aiGu a':vm oef; 100 txdd jrifhwufoGm; &w,f/ ASIC eJY FPGA wdkY&JU hybrid yHkpHjyKrI jzpfw,f/ aps;EIef;csKdomjyD; vG,fvG,fulul &,lEdkifzdkY 'DZdkif;udk wyfqif wnfaqmuf,l&w,f/ eASIC uawmh 0,f,loHk;pGJr,fhol 120 avmuf &Sdw,fvkdY ajymMum;cJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh 90 nanometer process twGuf ukefusp&dwf rwwfEkdifawmhbJ aps;uGufrS jrefjrefxufxuf oGufoGufvufvuf 0ifa&mufapr,fh 45 - nanometer awG xkwfvkyfzdkYbufudk OD;wnfvdkuf&awmhw,f/

18

uGefysLwm*sme,f

&JU enf;ynm wGe;f tm;

Emerging Technologies summit ukrÜPD 60 ausmf signal vkyfvmMujyD; visual computing

jzpfvma&;udk wGef;tm;ay;vmMuw,f/ Nvidia &JU pD;yGm;zGHUjzdK;rIqdkif&m 'kwd,Ouú| jzpfwJh Jeff Herbst u olwdkY ukrÜPDtaeeJY application ukrÜPDawGu 'Dvdk0ifa&mufvmwmudk pdwf0ifpm;aMumif;eJY CUDA programing environment topfudk MudKqkdaMumif; ajymMum;cJhw,f/ 'DtxJrSm Natural Motion vdk game physic ukrÜPD yg0ifvmovdk Elemental Tecnologies vdk scientific computing firms

awGvnf; yg0ifw,ffvkdY od&w,f/

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f C h i p W a t c h Intel servers awGtwGuf Memory Capacity enf;ynmopfwhJ MetaRAM u server memory taeeJY quadruple memory capacity &SdapjyD;

ukefusp&dwfudkvnf; 90 &mckdifEIef; avQmhcs Ekdifr,fh yHkpHtoGifeJY 'DESpftwGif; yGJxkwfvm r,fvkdY od&w,f/ DRAM memory module awG&JU MuD;rm;wJh batches awGrSm vdyfrlaqmif&GufEkdifapygvdrhfr,f/ wpfenf; tm;jzifh [mh'f0J ukefusp&dwfudk avQmhcsEkdifapjyD; vQyfppfoHk;pGJrIudkvnf; avQmhcs EkdifrSm jzpfw,f/ yxrqHk;taeeJY xkwfvkyfr,fh ukrÜPD&JU chipset awGu AMD servers awGtwGuf toHk;csaprSm jzpfw,f/ avmavmq,fawmh Meta RAM Intel server aps;uGuftwGuf DDR3 chipset awG xkwfay;aeygw,f/ SOFTWARE Tripp Lite

&JU

MOLE

Power Alert

Windows XP eJY Vista pepfawGtwGuf Verdiem Microsoft u axmufcH wifjyay;wJh tcrJh&,lEdkifr,fh power-management utility taMumif;udk vGefcJhwJhvu ajymMum;cJhMu&w,f/ ,ckvrSmawmh Tripp Lite &JU acwfrDvSwJh Power Alert taMumif; ajym&awmhrSm jzpfw,f/ Enterprise tqifhtxd toHk;csaqmhzf0J jzpfw,f/ Power Alert uvnf; tcrJh &,lEkdifygw,f/ Network manager eJYtwl yg0goHk;pGJrIudk pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;ygvdrhfr,f/ UPS awG PDU awGudk b,fvkd xdef;csKyfEkdifovJqkdwJh tnTef;awGvnf; ygvmrSm jzpfw,f/ Tripp Lite taeeJY Network Management System a&m Local eJY Shutdown Agent editions udkyg cGifhjyKay;xm;w,f/ Features awGxJrSm SNMP Control, alarm, notifications and history, auto device discovery eJY mass device configuration awG

tm;vHk; yg0ifygw,f/

tcrJh oH;k pGcJ iG ahf y;vdu k w f hJ File Recovery

Intel u yGx J w k w f hJ Solid State Drive Family opf Intel &JU NAND Products Group u mobile eJY desktop yvufazmif;awGtwGuf SSD (Solid - State - disk) drive awGudk

yGJxkwfjyD; rdwfqufay;vdkufw,f/ Intel Develper Conference rSm ukrÜPDu 1 'or 8 vufr t&G,ftpm;&SdwJh X18-m eJY 2 'or 5 vufrt&G,ftpm;&SdwJh X 25 M SSD drives awGudk pwif xkwfvkyf a&mif;cscJhw,f/ 'D drive awGu multi - level cell flash chip

awGay:rSm tajcjyK wnfaqmufxm;wm jzpfw,f/ 80 GB versions yHkpHeJY 160 GB version yHkpHqkdjyD; yrmPESpfrsKd;eJY xkwfvkyfzdkY pDpOfxm;&Sdw,f/ 'DESpftwGuf 80 GB version awG &EkdifrSm jzpfjyD; 160 GB version udk 2009 ckESpfrS jzefYjzL;a&mif;csEkdifrSm jzpfw,f/ pGrf;aqmif&nfeJY ywfoufvkdY zwfwJhae&mrSm 250 MBps EIef;xm;&SdjyD; a&;wJhae&mrSm 70 MBps EIef;xm; &Ekdifygvdrhfr,f/ 'DtcgrSm Intel taeeJY Micron wkdY? EMC wdkY TEkas Memory wdkY? Samsung wdkYvkd MuD;rm;wJh jydKifbuf awGeJY ,SOfjydKifjyD; aps;uGuf0if&rSm jzpfw,f/

Data-recovery aqmhzf0JxkwfvkyfwJh Kroll On Track u rMumao;cifuyJ On Track Easy Recovery qdkwJh y½dk*&rf aqmhzf0Judk tcrJh prf;oyftoHk;jyKcGifh ay;vkdufw,f/ Windows eJY DOS options awGuwpfqifh file wpfckudk jyefvnf toHk;jyKcGifh &Ekdifr,fh Pro (400 file signature yHhykd;xm;csuf) eJY Data Recovery (b,f OS ? b,f media type eJYrqkd)

qkdwJh yHkpHawGeJY xkwfay;cJhwm jzpfw,f/ wu,fvkdYrsm; uHraumif;taMumif;rvSpGmeJY tonf;toef jzpfaer,fh udprö sKd; jzpfae&if kroll On Track ukrÜPDudk hard drive ydkYjyD; jyóemudk ajz&Sif;EdkifaMumif; vrf;zGifhay;xm; jyefygao;w,f/ Trial version udk entrackdatarecovery.com/data.recovery-downloads uae &,lEkdifygw,f/

22

uGefysLwm*sme,f

owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f

Software

tqifjh ri§ w hf if oH;k pGv J o dk al wGtwGuf Photoshop.com Microsoft u Photoshop qkdwm rdwfqufay;cJhw,f/ Google uvnf; Picasa 3.0 Beta eJYtwl tvG,fwul toHk;csEdkifr,fh tagging/naming pGrf;&nfawG xnhfay;w,f/ Adobe uvnf; ydkjyD;aumif;wJh Photoshop Elements eJY Premiere Elements awGvnf; xkwfvkyf jzefYcsdvmwJhtwGuf

2008 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvudk 'pf*spfw,f"mwfyHkaumif;awG jzpfapzdkYtwGuf tyHhydk;qHk;vwpfvtaeeJY owfrSwf,lEkdifygvdrhfr,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ Adobe u Photoshop.com udk 0ifa&mufvdkolawGtwGuf toif;0if opfawG vufcHzdkY aMunmvdkufygw,f/ omreftoif;0ifwpfOD;taeeJY Basic rSm 5GB online storage udk tcrJh oHk;pGJcGifhay;rSm jzpfw,f/ Plus toif;0iftwGufrl 20 GB txd oHk;pGJcGifh ay;ygvdrhfr,f/ tvdktavsmuf online backup awGudk toHk;jyKcGifh &Mur,fhtjyif updated template awGudkvnf; toHk;cscGifh &r,f/ Tutorial awGudkvnf; vkyfudkifjyqkdcGifh ay;ygvdrhfr,f/ Plus membership EIef;xm;u 49 a':vm jzpfw,f/

OS udk trnfeYJ wkid ;f wmvdYk r&yg oHo,vHk;0r&SdbJ Windows XP udk toHk;jyKaeMuol awGtaeeJY Microsoft &JU aemuf OS udk toHk;jyK&mrSmvnf; ,HkMunfpGm toHk;csEkdifrSm jzpfw,fvkdY Mojave u tifwmeufuwpfqifh ajymMum;cJhw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if Vista udk ay:jyLvmjzpfapzdkY Microsoft u wifjywJhtcg Mojave Expreiment qdw k hJ acgif;pD;eJY toHk;csjyD; wifjyajymqkdcJhwm jzpfw,f/ Vista udk toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh &&SdcHpm;Edkifr,fh taMumif;t&mawGudk pdwf0ifpm;vmatmif qGJaqmifwifjy oGm;cJhygw,f/

Ed0k ifbmv? 2008

23

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f S o f t w a r e

½dkabmhawG pOf;pm;Ekdifovm;qdkonfudk prf;oyfrIjyKvkyf 1950 jynfhESpfwkef;u jAdwdoQ ocsFm ynm&Sif Alan Turing wDxGifcJhwJh prf;oyfrIwpfck&Sdygw,f/ puf wpfckudk vleJYcGJjcm;vdkYr&awmhwJhtcg ¤if;u ]]pOf;pm;EkdifpGrf;&Sdw,f}}vdkY ,lqEkdifaMumif; olu qdkcJhw,f/ prf;oyfrIrSm vlom;awGu text pmom;½dkufxnfhjyD; pufESifh tjyef tvSef wkefYvS,fpum;ajymí pHkprf;azmfxkwf&w,f/ pufwpfck[m vlom;pHkprf;ppfaq;ol&JU 30 &mckdif EIef;u olYudk vltppfvdkY xifoGm; atmif t½l;vkyfEkdifcJh&if tqdkyg Turing text &JU atmifrSwftjzpf owfrSwfygw,f/ ,aeYtxdawmh b,fpufrS ratmifjrifcJhao;bl;/ atmufwdkbmvxJrSm University of Reading rS odyÜHynm&SifawGu vlom;eJY text-based conversations udk ausmfvTm;Ekdif rvm;qdkwm pufig;vHk;jzifh prf;oyfcJhw,f/ Elbot qdkwJh ½dkabmhwpfckuawmh atmifrSwf atmuf 5 &mckdifEIef;om avsmhwJh tqifhxd eD;pyfvmcJhw,f/ Artificial conversational enlities (ACE) vdkY trsKd;tpm; owfrSwf

ac:a0:aom pufig;vHk;[m taMumif;t&m uefYowfxm;jcif; r&Sdaom ig;rdepfpm &Snfvsm;wJh pum;ajymrSm 0ifjydKif&w,f/ prf;oyfol[m ÓPf&nfwktwGuf 18 Mudrfajrmuf Loebner Prize &JU wpfpdwfwpfykdif;tjzpf yg0ifcJhw,f/ urÇmwpf0ef;u xdyfqHk;pufawG

24

uGefysLwm*sme,f

a&SUajy;wreftjzpfjyaew,f/ uRefawmfwdkY&JU aeYpOfb0rSm ½dkabmh awGu wuf
Global Technology

\

BitDefender antivirus rdwq f uf

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif yxrOD;qHk;tjzpf BitDefender Antivirus 2009 udk pwifjzefYcsda&mif;csrnfh tpDtpOf &Sif;vif;jyojcif; tcrf;tem;udk 2008 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 17 &ufu jrefrmtifzdkwuf? taqmif (7) tcef; (2) &dS GlobalNet wGif usif;ycJhygw,f/ tqdkyg antivirus aqmhzf0Judk jrefrmEdkifiH\ yxrOD;qHk; wpfOD;wnf; udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf pwifjzefYcsda&mif;csrSm jzpfygw,f/ BitDefender Antivirus software (License version) taeeJY Antivirus 2009, Internet Security 2009, Total Security 2009 [lí xkwfvkyf

rI 3 rsKd;&dS&m jrefrmEdkifiHwGif BitDefender Antivirus 2009 udk jzefYcsda&mif;csr,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ tao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk email: [email protected]

ESifh zkef; 652324? 652232? 507054 odkY qufoG,far;jref; Edkifygw,f/

I n t e r n e t

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f b,foal wGu online TV udk MunhMf uvJ

TV Replacement Fill-In Viewing

Catch-up Viewing u OD;pD;aqmif&GufwJh servey tzGJUu 2007 ckESpfeJY 2008 ckESpftwGif; e,l;a,muf? csDum*kd? avmhpftdef*s,fvd? rD,mrD? [efpwefeYJ 'ifAmwdYk rmS aexdik w f hJ vlO;D a&aygif; 3000 ausmfudk awGUqHkar;jref;rIawG vkyfcJhygw,f/ Online TV udk tm;udk;jyD; orm;½dk;us TV udk pGefYvTwfMunhf½IwJholaygif; 50 &mckdifEIef;avmuf &Sdw,f/ Online show awGudk tykdif;vdkuf MunhfjyD; orm;½dk;us TV udk MunhfwJholawGu 19 &mckdifEIef; &SdjyD; online show a&m? orm;½dk;us TV udka&m tydkif;vdkufom Munhf½IwJholaygif; 31 &mckdifEIef; &Sdw,f/ 'gaMumihf tifwmeufay:u ½kyfjrifoHMum; tpDtpOfawGudk pdwfyg0ifpm;olawGu vuf&SdtajctaerSmyif rsm;jym;aewm awGU&w,f/

IMMI

tMurf;zsi;f pm&if;

India Leads The Asia-Pacific Internet Boom

8002530 Firefox 3 udk

24 em&DtwGif; download vkyf,lolaygif;

93248368 22.7.08 aeY wpf&ufwnf; YouTube Munhfolaygif;

46294800 2008 ckESpf {jyDvwpfvtwGif; online a':vm

advertising &aiG

4 'or 1 oef; wpfvwpfvYouTube udk 0ifMunhfwJh 2 ESpfuae 11 ESpft&G,f uav;i,faygif;

6 'or 9 oef; iPhone eJY

ywfoufvkdY 2008 ckESpf ZGefvtwGif; pHkprf;avhvmolaygif;

tm&Sypdzw d f w½kwf *syef tdE´d, awmif ud&k ;D ,m; Mopaw;vs wdik 0f rf rav;&Sm; a[mifaumif pifumyl e,lZv D ef

Munfh½Iol {jyD 2007 280,418,000 90,274,000 53,685,000 22,395,000 26,323,000 10,048,000 9,245,000 7,462,000 3,525,000 2,216,000 1,937,000

Munfh½Iol % {jyD 2008 ajymif;vJrI 318,623,000 14% 102,848,000 14% 55,260,000 3% 28,375,000 27% 25,652,000 -3% 10,904,000 9% 10,388,000 12% 8,327,000 12% 3,718,000 5% 2,298,000 4% 2,161,000 12%

250 GB yrmPeJY uefo Y wfvu kd w f hJ Comcast tar&duefEdkifiH&JU 'kwd,tMuD;qHk; ISP jzpfwJh Comcast u atmufwkdbmv 1 &ufaeYupjyD; download/ uploads vkyfief;awGtay:rSm wpfvwpfvvQif 250 GB om &Sd&r,fvkdY uefYowfvdkufw,f/ 'DvdkzGifh[aMunmcJh&wm yxrqHk;tMudrf jzpfw,f/ t"du taMumif;&if;u broadband usage awGtwGuf taESmifht,SufrjzpfapzdkY jzpfw,f/ 250 GB qkdwm aw;*Dw oDcsif;aygif; 62500 jzpfjzpf? standard-definition tqifh ½kyf&Sif 125 cktxd jzpfjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifrSm jzpfwmrdkY subscriber awGtwGuf vHkavmufwJhtaetxm; &SdaeEkdifygw,fvdkY Comcast u qkdw,f/

26

uGefysLwm*sme,f

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f

Myanmar

News

ynma&;0efMu;D XmejrefrmpmtzGx YJ w k f tbd"mefpmtkyrf sm; rdb k idk f;vfw,fvzD ek f;rsm;ay:wiG f pwiftoH;k jyKEidk f vufukdifw,fvDzkef;ay:rSm toHk;csEkdifr,fh Messx 2.0 eJY Defined 2.0 qdkwJh aqmhzf0J y½dk*&rfESpfck rdwfqufwifjywJh tcrf; tem;udk atmufwdkbmv 11 &ufaeYu ukefonfMuD;rsm;[dkw,frSm jyKvkyfcJhw,f/ 'Dtcrf;tem;rSm uGefysLwm vkyfief;&Sif toif; Ouú|jzpfwJh a':0g0gxGef;eJY jrefrmpmtzGJU OD;pD;XmerS nTefMum;a&;rª;csKyf (jidrf;) OD;pHvGifwdkYeJY wm0efcHxkwfa0wJh PACE Computer System

vkyfief;tygt0if vufukdif w,fvDzkef; vkyfief;&Sifrsm; wufa&mufcJhMuw,f/ Messx 2.0 eJY Defined 2.0 wdkYudk atmufwdkbmv 12 &ufaeYrSpjyD; pwifjyD; jzefYcsd a&mif;csrSmjzpfw,f/ 'D version topfeJY aqmhzf0Jy½dk*&rfawGeJY ywfoufvdkY udkxl;jrifhaemifu tao;pdwf rdwfqufwifjyay;cJhw,f/ enf;ynmavmurSm version topftopfawG xGufay: vmwwfpjrJjzpfw,f/ vGefcJhwJh 10 ESpfausmfu pxGuf vmcJhwJh Microsoft Office qdk&if umvtykdif;tjcm; tvkduf version topfawGudkxkwfjyD; ydkjyD; ydkjyD; aumif;atmif toHk;jyKEkdifzdkY MudK;pm;vmvkdufwm tck qdk&if rlv yxr office xuf oHk;av;q ydkjyD; jynfhpHk vmwJh Office 2007 ukdyif toHk;jyKcGifh&vmMuw,f/ 'DvdkyJ Messx eJY Defined qdkwmudk vGefcJhwJh azazmf0g&D v 1 &ufaeYu usif;ycJhwJh rEÅav;tkdifpDwDjyyGJMuD;rSm pwif rdwfqufay;&if; a&mif;cscJh&m vufrvnfatmif a&mif;cscJh&w,f/ &efukefaps;uGuftwGuf rdwfquf yGJudkawmh azazmf0g&Dv 9 &ufaeYu jyKvkyfEkdifcJhw,f/ wpfcg &efukefrSm usif;ywJh tkdifpDwDjydKifyGJrSmvnf; csufcsif;xnfhoGif;ay;wJhpepfeJY a&mif;cscJhjyef&m tawmfav; atmifjrifcJh&jyefygw,f/ EkdifiHjcm; Zmwfvrf; wGJawGudk MunfhwJhtcg w,fvDzkef;eJY tjyeftvSef pum;ajymcGifh r&EkdifwJhtcsdefrsKd;rSm message av;awGeJY tydkYt,lvkyfMuwmudk awGYMu&rSmjzpfw,f/ udk&D;,m; Zmwfvrf;qdk&if udk&D;,m;bmompum;eJY owif; tay;t,l vkyfMuovdk w½kwfZmwfvrf;wGJqdk&ifvnf;

28

uGefysLwm*sme,f

w½kwfbmom pum;eJY tydkYt,lvkyfwmawG awGY&wJhtcg jrefrmbmom pum;eJY 'Dvdk message av;awG tay;t,lvkyfEkdif&if aumif;r,fvdkY awmifhwaeolawG twGuf qE´jynfh0oGm;apcJhw,f/ oGm;&if;vm&if;eJY ukd,frodwJh t*FvdyfpmvHk;wpfvHk;udk csufcsif; t"dyÜm,fodvdkolawGtwGuf t*Fvdyf-jrefrmtbd"mefudk w,fvDzkef;xJrSm xnfhxm;vdkY&zdkYtwGuf Defined y½dk*&rf aqmhzf0Ju jznfhqnf;ay;w,f/ tbd"mefqdkwJhae&m rSmvnf; pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0efMuD;Xmeu xkwfa0wJh tbd"mefudk toHk;cscGifh&wmrdkY toHk;jyKolawGtwGuf ydkjyD; tqifajyoGm;apcJhw,f/ tckwpfcg rdwfqufvmwJh Messx 2.0 eJY Defined 2.0 qdkwmawGu yxr rlv version rSm&SdaecJhwJh vdktyfcsuf awGudk jznfhqnf;ay;&if; tqifhjr§ifhwifxm;wmjzpfw,f/ Messx rSm tqifhjr§ifhwifcsuf 3 rsKd;&Sdw,f/ rlv Messx rSm usef&pfcJhwJh address book udpu ö dk jrefrmvdk csufcsif; ajymif;,loGm;Ekdifapw,f/ qufoG,fvdkwJh zkef;eHygwfudk &SmwJhae&mrSmvnf; twdkaumuf jrefrmtu©&mav;awG ½dkufvkdufwmeJY csufcsif;&Smay;EkdifzdkY tqifajyoGm;ap w,f/ aemufwpfckuawmh 0ifvmwJhpmom;udk zwfjyEkdifzdkY pDpOfay;EkdifcJhwmjzpfw,f/ Address book rSm t*Fvdyfvdk &mcsDjyD;&SdaewJh w,fvDzkef;eHygwfpm&if;udk Messx 2.0 udk xnfhoGif;jyD; cvkwfESdyfvkduf½HkeJY csufcsif; tm;vHk;jrefrmbmomeJY

owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f jzpfoGm;w,f/ &SmazGrItwGufrSmvnf; pdkif;pdkif;crf;vIdif&JU zkef;eHygwfudk&zdkY ]ppcv} vdkY ½kdufoGif;ESdyfay;vmwmeJY csufcsif;ay:xGufvmaprSmjzpfw,f/ 0ifvmwJh message udk zwfjyw,fqdkwJhae&mrSmawmh vlvdk oGufvufyDopGm Mum;&wmrsKd;r[kwfayr,fh vlwkdif; em;vnfod&SdapEkdifr,fh puftoHxGufyHkpHrsKd;eJYom &&SdrSmjzpfw,f/ 'Dudpeö JY ywfoufjyD; tckcsdeftxd vlvdktoHrsKd;eJY yDoMunfjrpGm em;qifEkdifwJh yHkpHtaetxm;awG r&Muao;wJh taMumif; udk udkxl;jrifhaemifu 1961 ckESpf pwifwDxGifrIawGuae 'DaeYtajctaetxd EdIif;,SOfwifjyay;cJhygw,f/ Defined 2.0 eJYywfoufvdkY tqifhjr§ifhwifjyxm;yHkudk wifjyoGm;csuft& ,cifuvdk data eJY aqmhzf0Jtwlaygif; xnfhwJhyHkpHtpm; data oyfoyf? aqmhzf0JoyfoyfeJY aqmif&Gufxm;w,fvdkY od&w,f/ 'DtwGuf tbd"mef awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk xnfhxm;EkdifapwJh taetxm; &oGm;apw,f/ tbd"mef trsKd;trsKd; xnfhxm;jcif; tm;jzifh pmvHk;wpfvHk;&JU t"dyÜm,fudk azmfnTef;rIrsKd;pHkeJY

Myanmar News

rdrdtvdk&SdwJh tajctaetxd csufcsif;&SmazG &,loGm; apEkdifwJh tm;omcsufawG ydkvmygw,f/ tbd"mef rsKd;pHk qdkwJhae&mrSm t*Fvdyf-t*Fvdyf t"dyÜm,f azmfjywJh taumif;qHk; tbd"mefawGeJY t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tjynfhpHkqHk; tbd"mefawGudk xnfhoGif;ay;rSmjzpfw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm vnf; pmvHk;&JU t"dyÜm,ftjyif toHxGufudkyg&EkdifzdkY pDpOf ay;vmwm awGY&w,f/ 'Dvdk Messx 2.0 version eJY Defined 2.0 version awG twGuf rdwfqufwifjy&mrSm vufawGYerlemvkyfaqmifcsuf Demo av;awGeJY wifjy oGm;wmrdkY wufa&mufvmMuwJholwdkif;u auseyf tm;&p&mjzpfMu&ygw,f/ Messx 0,f,lxm;olawG taeeJY Messx 2.0 udk tcrJh upgrade vkyfay;rSm jzpfaMumif;eJY Defined 2.0 udk xnfhoGif;rIudkvnf; Defined &SdjyD;olrsm;udk grade vkyfay;oGm;rSmjzpfjyD; xnfhoGif;,lrnfh tbd"mef ta&twGuftvkduf usoifhaiGudk xyfrHaumufcHoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif;wdkYudkvnf; xnfhoGif;ajymMum;oGm;cJhygw,f/

Power Tree UPS \ 0efaqmifrE I iS hf uHprf;rJ zGiyhf GJ Direct Channel Distribution (DCD) rS MuD;rSL;jyKvkyfwJh Power Tree UPS xkwfukefypönf;rsm;

&Sif;vif;yGJeJY 0,f,loHk;pGJolrsm; twGuf uHprf;rJzGifhyGJtpDtpOfudk pufwifbmv 26 &uf nae 6;30 em&DwGif &efukefjrdKU ukefonfMuD;rsm; [dkw,fü usif;ycJhygw,f/ tpDtpOf t& DCD \ Managing Director a':wifwifat;rS tzGifhEIwfcGef;quf pum; ajymMum;cJhjyD; qufvufí pifumylEdkifiH Power Tree Pte. Ltd. rS CEO jzpfol Mr. William Foo u Power Tree xkwfukef ypönf;rsm; taMumif;udk &Sif;vif; ajymMum;ygw,ff/ xdkYaemuf a&mif;tm; taumif;qHk; ta&mif;udk,fpm;vS,f oHk;OD;udk

Power Tree UPS rsm; csD;jr§ifhcJhjyD; Power Tree UPS 0,f,lol

uHxl;&Sifrsm;twGuf 5 *&rf tav;csdef&dSwJh a&TqGJjym; 15 ckudk uHprf;rJtjzpf EdIuf,lay;tyfcJhyg w,f/ Power Tree UPS onf voltage 140 rS 270 txd cHEdkif&nf &dSjyD; AVR function yg&dSí AVR udk oD;oefY 0,f,l&ef rvdkyg/ Phone

wpfOD;wnf; udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf pifumylEdkifiHrS wifoGif; jzefYcsdaeyg w,f/ vufvD? vufum; 0,f,lvdk olrsm;ESifh tao;pdwftcsuftvuf rsm;udk odvdkygu trSwf (73-75)? 49 vrf;? ykZGefawmifjrdKUe,f? zkef; 296579? 297332 odkY qufoG,fpHkprf;Edkifygw,f/

line surge progection system

vnf; yg&dSaomaMumifh w,fvDzkef;rS wpfqifh uGefysLwmodkY 0ifa&muf EdkifwJh rdk;MudK;tEÅ&m,frS umuG,fEdkif ygw,f/ bufx&Dudk tmrcH wpfESpf ESifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk tmrcH ESpfESpf ay;xm;ygw,f/ Power Tree UPS rsm;udk DCD (Direct Channel Distribution) rS

Ed0k ifbmv? 2008

29

owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sd w,f

Myanmar

Myanma Computer Company (MCC) \ Strategic Business Development with IT taMumif; a[majymyGJ

News

PC World Myanmar

r*¾Zif; pmzwfy&dowf uHx;l &Sif a&G;cs,yf JG

Myanma Computer Company Limited (MCC) rS MuD;rSL;jyKvkyfwJh 'Strategic Business Development with IT' a[majymyGJESifh M.Sc in Strategic Business IT oifwef;

taMumif; &Sif;vif;jcif; tcrf;tem; udk 2008 ckESpf pufwifbmv 23 &ufu &efukefjrdKU? tvHjybk&m; vrf;&dS Park Royal Hotel Ballroom wGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJhygw,f/ tqdkyg tcrf;tem;odkY ukrÜPDvkyfief; tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;rS Senior Executive rsm;? pme,fZif;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? pdwfyg0ifpm; olrsm; wufa&mufcJhMuygw,f/ tcrf;tem;wGif MCC Group of Companies rS trIaqmift&m&dScsKyf a':acsmcifcifu tzGifhtrSmpum; ajymMum;jyD;aemuf MCC Group of Companies \ OuúXjzpfol OD;wif0if;atmifu 'Strategic Business Development with IT'

acgif;pOfjzifh tus,fw0ifh a[majym aqG;aEG;ygw,f/ xdkYaemuf MCC (IT Studies) rS COO & Director jzpfol OD;jidrf;OD;u vkyfief; toD;oD;wGif OD;aqmifaeolrsm;? tMuD;wef; refae*smrsm; wufa&muf oifhonfh M.Sc in Strategic Business IT oifwef;ESifh ywfoufí &Sif;vif;aqG;aEG;cJh ygw,f/ tqdkyg oifwef;onf t*FvefEdkifiH&dS University of Portsmouth, NCC Education ponf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;eJY MCC wdkY

30

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Today Publishing House Ltd. \ PC World Myanmar r*¾Zif;

yl;aygif;oifMum;onfh EdkifiHwum todtrSwfjyK uGefysLwm r[mbGJUoifwef;jzpfjyD; oifwef;umv 2 ESpfpvHk;tm; MCC wGif wufa&muf&ygr,f/ 'kwd,ESpfwGif University of Portsmouth rS On Line jzifh oifMum;ay;ygr,f/ MCC taeeJY tqdkyg oifwef;tm; 2004 ckESpfrS pwifzGifhvSpfcJhjyD; ,cktcg wufa&mufatmifjrifjyD;ol 16 OD; &dSygw,f/ 2008 ckESpftwGuf oifwef;rsm;tm; qufvuf oifMum;ydkYcsaew,fvdkY od&ygw,f/ tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;udk odvdkygu &efukefjrdKU? odrfMuD;aps; (pD) ½Hk? wwd,xyf&dS MCC ½Hk;csKyf? w,fvDzkef; trSwf? 245758? 245762? 395512 odkY qufoG,fpHkprf;Edkifygw,f/

wpfESpfpm MudKwifzwf½Iolrsm;rS uHxl;&Sif a&G;cs,fcsD;jr§ifhyGJudk 2008 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 8 &uf? eHeuf 10 em&Du &efukefjrdKU Parkroyal Hotel, meeting room-3 wGif usif;ycJhygw,f/ PC World Myanmar r*¾Zif;udk 1995 ckESpfrS pwifum tar&duefEdkifiH&dS Internatinal Data Group (IDG) rS w&m;0if vdkifpif,lum vpOfxkwf IT r*¾Zif;tjzpf xkwfa0aejcif; jzpfí ,cktcg r*¾Zif;aygif; 158 tkyf xkwfa0cJhum 13 ESpfausmf umvodkY a&muf&dScJhjyD;jzpfygw,f/ tqdkyg tcrf;tem;wGif PC World Myanmar r*¾Zif;\ pmzwfy&dowftwGuf txl;tpDtpOftjzpf ZGefv 1 &ufrS pufwifbmv 1 &uftwGif; wpfESpfpm MudKwifaiG ay;oGif; zwf½Iolrsm;twGuf aiGusyf ajcmufodef;ausmfwef MSI Laptop 2008 model wpfvHk;udk rJEdIuf a&G;cs,fay;tyfcJhygw,f/ uHxl; &SifrSm trSwf 440? ukefonfvrf;rS udkÓPf0if;xGef; jzpfygw,f/ tao;pdwf taMumif;t&mrsm;udk Today Publishing House Ltd.

w,fvDzkef;trSwf? (951) 507385? 507391? 507393 odkY qufoG,far;jref;Edkifygw,f/

trSww f &

12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 uGefysLwmtoif;awG 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 zGJYpnf;wnfaxmifwm 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 10 ESpfjynfhwJh 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 txdrf;trSwftaeeJY 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 aqmif;yg;wpfckck 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 a&;ay;apvdkygw,fqdkjyD; 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 udkrdk;oJ (yDpDa0gvfr*¾Zif;) 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 eJY udkaomif;pkjidrf; 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 (tifzdk&pforfarhZf) wdkY&JU 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 arwåm&yfcHcsufaMumifh 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 wpfcsdefu uRefawmf 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 yg0ifcJhzl;wJh 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 uGefysLwmtoif; 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 tqifhqifhrSm awGYMuHKcJh&wJh 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 trSwfw& 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 tjzpftysufav;awG? 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 trSwfw&yk*¾dKvfawG 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 taMumif;udk 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 tcgtcGifhoifhwkef; 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 rSwfrSwf&& a&;jzpfwm 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 jzpfygw,f/ 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 12345678901234567 34

uGefysLwm*sme,f

trSww f & jrefrmpmudp[ ö m uReaf wmfb h 0udk yg wpfqpfruygb;l / 10 qpfavmuf csK;d auGaY pcJw h hJ wu,ft h rSww f & tjzpftysuMf u;D wpfck jzpfygw,f/

uGefysLwmavmu trSwfw& tjzpftysufESifh trSwfw&yk*¾dKvfrsm; wu,fawmh uGeyf sLwmavmuxJ udk uRefawmf ra,mifrvnf a&mufvm cJhwm jzpfygw,f/ vGefcJhwJh tESpf 20 avmufuwnf;uyg/ vGefcJhwJh tESpf 20 vdkY ajymvkduf&ayr,fh wu,fawmh cPuav;vdyk gyJ/ 'Dvykd gyJ? uGeyf sLwm toif;awG&JU oufwrf; 10 ESpf qdkwm vnf; bmrSMumwm r[kwfao;ygbl;/ 'D 10 ESpt f wGi;f rSmyJ uGeyf sLwmavmu MuD; zGHYjzdK;wdk;wufvmvdkufwmuawmh ajymjy&&if ajymp&m ukefr,frxifyg bl;/ toif;awG? toif;awGxJuvl awG? vIyf&Sm;rIawG trsm;MuD; uRefawmf ae&mpHkuaejyD; yg0ifywfoufcJhwmqdk awmh ajymr,fqdk&if ajymcsifp&mawG csnf;yJ jzpfygw,f/ apmapmuajym ovdyk J taMumif;wku d q f ikd v f Ykd? a&mufcsif

vdYk a&mufvmjyD; ckxd w0Jvnfvnfjzpf aeqJyg/ ckxdvJ w0Jvnfvnf jzpfae jyD; wpfavmuvHk;eJY qufqH aqmif &Gufae&qJyg/ tckvdk uGefysLwmtoif;awG 10 ESpfjynfhjyDqdkawmh wpfcsdefu taMumif; &yfav;awG jyefpOf;pm;&if; uGefysLwm avmu&JU tvSnfhtajymif;av;awG vnf; ajymjzpf&ma&mufatmif tckvdk trSww f & pmpktjzpf a&;jzpfjcif; jzpfyg w,f/ trSwfw& taMumif;av;awGeJY trSwfw&&SdwJh yk*d¾KvfawGtaMumif; rusOf;rus,f a&;jycsifygw,f/ uGeyf sL wmtoif; oufwrf; 10 ESpftwGif;u tjzpftysufawG ygovdk 10 ESpfausmf u taMumif;t&mawGvnf; yg0ifyg vdrfhr,f/

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

35

trSww f & 'Dae&mrSm ajymcsiw f mwpfcu k awmh vlyk*Kd¾ vfawG&JUtaMumif;ygyJ/ vlyk*dK¾ vf awG&UJ taMumif;ukd a&;&mrSm jrefrmEkid if H &JU uGefysLwmorkdif; tcsKd;tauGYeJY wdk; wufrIawGudk aqmifMuOf;EkdifjyD; tvkyf vkyw f ahJ e&mrSm avhvmtwk,rl ,fq&kd if ,lEidk pf &mtaMumif;&Sw d ,fvYkd uRefawmfh taeeJY ,lqwJh yk*dK¾ vfawGtaMumif;udk xnfo h iG ;f azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ wpfO;D pD&UJ tusKd;aqmifreI YJ obm0p½du k af v; awGudk uRefawmfhtjrifeJY wifjyay;xm; wm jzpfygw,f/ uGeyf sLwmay:u jrefrmpmudpö uGefysLwmay:rSmoHk;wJh jrefrmpm ud p ö u 'D a vmuxJ r S m vl a jymp&m trsm;qHk; taMumif;&yfwpfck jzpfyg w,f/ txl;ojzifh ,leDukwf jrefrmpm udpöqdk&if tMuD;tus,f tkwfatmf aomif;wif; jzpfcMhJ u&wJh udp&ö yf jzpfyg w,f/ tJ'v D kd jiif;Mu? ckeMf u tpykid ;f rSm uRefawmfwdkYvnf; ygcJhygw,f/ 'gay r,f h aemuf y k d i f ; usawmh t&nf r & tzwfr& udpq ö dkjyD; bmrS 0ifrajymjzpf awmhygbl;/ ukd,fvkyf&r,fh udpaö wGyJ qufvkyfjzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh uRefawmf 'DuGefysL wmavmu tokdif;t0kdif;xJ a&mufvm wmudku jrefrmpmudpaö Mumifhyg/ vGefcJh wJh tESpf 20 u uRefawmf umuG,fa&; 0efMuD;Xme jr0wDyHkESdyfwkdufrSm t,f'D wmtjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifaeygw,f/ tJ't D csderf mS *Reftu kd u J yef;oD; uGeyf sL wmay:rSm jrefrmpmoHk;vdkY&atmif vkyf jyD ; aeygjyD / q&m OD ; aomif ; wif & J U a,mu©r q&m0efwifa&Tu 0,fvmjyD; jrefrmh"er*¾Zif;udk uGeyf sLwmeJYpjD yD; prf; xkwfaewJhtcsdef/ uRefawmfuvnf; t,f'Dwmaygufpqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkY tMuD;tuJukd uGeyf sLwmeJYpmpDjyD; xkwf Mur,faygh/

36

uGefysLwm*sme,f

'geJYyJ uRefawmfwdkY uGefysLwm wuúodkvf (tJ'Dwkef;u uGefysLwm wuúodkvf rjzpfao;ygbl;/ wuúodkvf rsm; uGefysLwmXmetqifhyJ &Sdygao; w,f/) eJY qufoG,fjyD; uGefysLwm wuúodkvfu wDxGifxm;wJh MTE (Myanmar Text Editor) aqmhzf0Judk prf;oH;k zdYk jzpfvmygw,f/ oH;k vnf; oH;k cJhygw,f/ MTE &JU 'ku©t00udkvnf; cHcJh&ygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifhyJ aemufrSm uGefysLwm trsKd;uGJtm;vHk; twGuf font awG a&;EkdifcJhwm? ,leDukwfudpö ay:awmhvnf; aemufuae vkyfay;Ekdif wmawGvkyfcJhwm? ckcsdeftxd jrefrmpm ya&m*suftwGuf ukd,fykdif research awmufavQmufvkyfvmjzpfcJhwm jzpfyg w,f/

jrefrmpmudp[ ö m uRefawmfhb0udk yg wpfqpfruygbl;/ 10 qpfavmuf csKd;auGYapcJw h hJ wu,ft h rSww f & tjzpf tysufMuD;wpfck jzpfygw,f/ MTE aemufykdif;rSm Atari pufawGtwGuf uGefysLwm font awG a&;cJhwm (Atari twGuf font a&;cJhwmu 'DaeY &efukef vrf;nTefxkwfaewJh yDwmrdk;ausmf&,f? EGYJjrifo h ed ;f &,f? uReaf wmf&,f oli,fcsi;f 3 a,muf aygif;vkyfcJhMuwm/) MMyanmar tp &SdwJh jrefrmpmvHk;awG? wkdif;&if;om;bmompum;awG vkyfvm EkdifcJhwmawG[m uRefawmfhb0twGuf wu,ft h rSww f & tjzpftysuaf wG jzpf ygw,f/ wdik ;f &if;om;bmompum;awG twGuf vkyfcJhEdkifvdkY ,leDquf&JU b0 wGufwm ya&m*sufawG? EdkifiHawmf&JY wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;awG ta&;eJY ywf oufwhJ aqmif&u G cf sufawG vkyEf ikd cf w hJ hJ yDwu d dk uRefawmf tjynft h 0 cHpm;cJ&h yg w,f/ 'gaMumifv h nf; uGeyf sLwmavmu eJY tquftoG,fjzpf? 1993 rSm jr0wD u xGufawmhvnf; 'DavmuxJudkyJ ajccsypfcJhwJhtxd wGef;tm;jzpfapcJhyg w,f/ uGefysLwmrSm jrefrmpm toHk;cs Ekid zf YkdtwGuf tESpf 20 vH;k vH;k b,fawmh urS &yfem;cJhjcif; r&SdcJhygbl;/ aemifrSm vnf; 'gudk qufvkyfaeOD;rSm jzpfyg w,f/ 'Dvdkvkyfjzpfatmif uRefawmfhudk a&SUaqmifvrf;jycJhjyD; bmyJjzpfjzpf tm; ay;cJhwJholu q&ma'gufwmwifarmif jzpfygw,f/

q&mwifarmif

at;aq;wnfjird af yr,fh olt Y ,ltq rSew f ,fvYkd xif&if b,fawmhrS tavQmh ray;wwfo?l acgi;f rmolvYkd

q&mwifarmif uGefysLwmwuúodkvf&JU yxrqHk; ygarmu©csKyfjzpfygw,f/ uReaf wmf pjyD; q&mhqDa&mufpOfu wuúodkvfrsm; uGefysLwmXme&JU nTefMum;a&;rª;yg/ q&mOD;aqmifjyD; wDxGifxm;wJh jrefrm pmjyKpepfudk uRefawmfwdkY yHkESdyfxkwfa0

trSww f & a&;avmurSm trSefwu,f toHk;csEkdif atmif MudK;yrf;cJh&mrSm vdktyforQ pdwf a&mukd,fyg ulnDyHhydk;cJhol jzpfygw,f/ wu,fawmh q&meJY uRefawmf[m ynmt&mrSm rdk;eJYajr uGmjcm;ygw,f/ 'Dhtjyif touft&G,f? *kPfodu©meJY t&nftcsif;u eHYomqDeJYa& uGmjcm; ovdkygyJ tvGefyJ uGmjcm;ygw,f/ 'g ayr,fh awGYwJhtcsdefupjyD; q&m qHk; oGm;wJhtcsdeftxd wav;wpm; quf qHcJholjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfhukdrS r [kwyf gbl;? b,foYlurkd qdk wpfzufom; &JU aysmhuGuf? tm;enf;csufawGudk em;vnfay;Ekid pf rG ;f &So d w l pfO;D vnf; jzpf ygw,f/ aemufjyD; acwfukd MudKjrifEdkif ol w pf O D ; vnf ; jzpf y gw,f / b,f avmurSmrqdk acwf&UJ tajymif;tvJukd vufrcHEdkifwJhol rsm;ygw,f/ q&m wif a rmif u awmh acwf u k d Mud K jrif wJhtjyif ajymif;vJvmwJhacwfaMumifh jzpf a y:vmr,f h tusd K ;quf a wG u d k oabmw&m;t&a&m vufawGYt&yg vufcHEdkifwJholwpfOD; jzpfygw,f/ uGefysLwmavmuxJrSm q&mawG rsm;ygw,f/ olwdkYuvnf; awGYorQ vlukd wynfyh v J Ykd rw S yf gw,f/ 'Davmu xJrmS uReaf wmfq h &m wpfa,mufraS wmh r&Sdygbl;/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmf tm;vHk; udk q&myJ ac:ygw,f/ q&m wifarmif udv k nf; q&mvdYk yaJ c:ygw,f/ wu,f av;av;pm;pm;eJY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ (&ifxJuaejyD; q&mvdkY wav;wpm; ac:cJhwJh aemufq&mwpfa,mufu q&mpef;wifh jzpfygw,f/) q&m u vnf; olYukd,fol q&mvdkYyJ ajymyg w,f/ q&mwifarmif[m at;aq wnfjidrfayr,fh olYt,ltq rSefw,f vdkY xif&if b,fawmhrS tavQmhray; wwfol? acgif;rmolvdkY uRefawmf Mum; zl;ygw,f/ q&mhaMumifh uGefysLwmtoif;

tqifhqifh[m vl½dkao &Sif½dkao &yf wnfvmEkid cf w hJ m? MoZmMuD;cJw h mawGu b,folrS jiif;vdkYr&wJh tcsufawG jzpf ygw,f/ q&m[m okawoe vkyfief; awGukd tm;ay;w,f/ vkyEf idk pf rG ;f &So d rQ vlawGudk vkyfcsifoavmuf olulnDEkdif orQ yHhydk;ulnDay;cJhw,f/ uGefysLwm toif;csKyf&JU Ouú|tjzpf uG,fvGefwJh tcsdeftxd wm0ef,loGm;ygw,f/ udpö wkid ;f udk tbufbufu rQwatmif pOf; pm;ay;Ekid w f muvnf; q&mh&UJ *kPt f *Fg wpf&yfjzpfygw,f/ q&mh&JU OD;aqmif EkdifwJh t&nftcsif;u toif;awG wdk; wuf&m wdk;wufaMumif;udkomru uGeyf sLwmavmuMuD;wpfcv k ;kH udyk g wd;k wufapvdkwm jzpfygw,f/ wpfcgu uGefysLwmoifwef;awGudk oifwJh bm om&yf? oifwJhq&m? oifwef;aMu; pwmawGtxd xdef;csKyfzdkY MudK;pm;vm wmawG &SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ q&mhtaeeJY 'Dudpeö JYywfoufjyD; tqHk;tjzwfay;& r,fh wm0ef&SdvmcsdefrSm ]uGefysLwmu tjrJajymif;vJwdk;wufaewm q&mwdkY wm;qD;csKyfukdifvdkY tusKd;xuf tjypf ydrk sm;r,f/ yk*v ¾ u d oifwef;awG tcsif; csif;,SOfjydKif&if; olwdkYbmom xdef; ausmif;oGm;vdrfhr,f/ 'gvkyf&r,f? rvkyf&bl;qdkjyD; uefYowfzdkY rvdkbl;}vdkY qHk;jzwfay;cJhygw,f/ q&mom rQrQww rawG;ac:bJ csKyfuidk cf rhJ ,fq&kd if uRefawmfwYkd uav; awG 'DuaeY&aewJh EkdifiHwum uGefysL wm ynma&;awG vufvSrf;rDwJh ae&m a&mufvmzdkYqdkwm trsm;MuD; cufcJ oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ 'DvdkyJ uGefysLwm avmutay: apwemxm;jyD; ]vlawG u bmrSvnf; r[kwfygvm;qdkjyD; zJMuOfomG ;} r,ft h a&;udak wG;jyD; a&;cJw h hJ aqmif;yg;wpfapmif&Sdygw,f/ ]uGefysL wmeJY [efcsufnDjcif;} qdkwJh aqmif;yg; jzpfygw,f/ uGefysLwmavmuom;

tm;vHk; owdxm;zdkY a&;cJhwm jzpfyg w,f/ uGefysLwm*sme,frSm 3- 4 ESpf wpfMudrf jyefjyefazmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ (tckvnf; 10 ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwf r*¾Zif;twGuf udkaomif;pkjidrf;udk tJ'D aqmif;yg; ay;xm;ygw,f/) uGefysLwm tokdif;t0kdif;xJu awmif odcsifrSodr,fhudpöwpfck &Sdyg ao;w,f/ tJ'gu Y2K jyóemudk urÇmwpfckvHk;u bmrS rajymcifu wnf;u c&pfESpf 2000 rSm uGefysLwm awG jyóem jzpf E k d i f w ,f q d k j yD ; Newlight of Myanmar owif;pmrSm t*FvdyfbmomeJY aqmif;yg;&SnfMuD; a&;om;azmfjycJhwmjzpfygw,f/ q&mh taeeJY MudKjyD; jrifcJh wGufq a&;om; cJhwmudkMunfh&if rnfumrwå ygarmu© csKyfwpfa,muf r[kwb f ;l qdw k m odom xif&Sm;ygw,f/ uGeyf sLwmtoif;rsm; 1994 ckESpfrSm uRefawmfh uGefysL wm*sme,fxGufvmjyD; uRefawmfa&; xm;wJh M-Myanmar Font uvnf; awmfawmfav; ae&m,lvmayr,fh quf jyD; develop rvkyfjzpfawmhbl;/ trSef u tJ'Dxufvnf; ydkrvkyfEkdifawmhwm wpfaMumif; ygygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm umuG,fa&; 0efMuD;Xme wyfrawmf Munf;? a&? av uGefysLwm\Xmerª;½Hk; (uuuGef) eJY tul;tvl; tquftqH awG rsm;awmh wpfaeYrSm pdwful;wpfck &vmw,f/ M-Myanmar font awG EkdifiHawmfudk vª&ifaumif;r,faygh/ 'geJYyJ tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u uuuGef &JU Xmerª; OD;cifarmifvGifudk ajymjy w,f/ ]Xmerª; uRefawmfawmh 'Dvdkvkyf csifw,f ulnDyg}qdkjyD; oluwpfqifh 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyfMuD;wifO;D (twGi;f a&;rª; -2) qDudk wifjyw,f/ AdkvfcsKyfMuD;u vufcHvdkY uRefawmfhtaeeJY M-Myan-

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

37

trSww f & mar font awG EkdifiHawmfudk 1995 ckESpf

rwf (15) &ufaeY jrefrmvdk waygif; vjynfhaeYrSm vª'gef;yGJjyKvkyfcJhw,f/ tJ'DaeY[m jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysLwm toif;tqifq h ifu h kd oaE¨wnfay;cJw h hJ aeYyJ jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdefrwkdifcifu 'Dvdktoif;awG zGJYpnf;zdkYqdkwm tck MCC OD;wif0if;atmifrSwpfyg; b,f olrS pdwful;r&SdcJhygbl;/ tJ'Dtcsdefu uGefysLwmwuúodkvfrSm bmom&yfqkdif &m toif;yJ &Sdygao;w,f/ uReaf wmfwYkdv'ª gef;yGrJ wkid cf if wpf &uftvdkrSm Xmerª;eJY uRefawmf aemuf wpfaeY yGJtwGuf tao;pdwftpDtpOf awGqGJ&if; Xmerª;u xl;xl;qef;qef; ajymvmygw,f/ ]udkjrifhol 'DyGJrSm uRef awmf udpw ö pfckvkyfcsifw,f cifAsm; ul nDEkdifrvm;} vdkY ar;ygw,f/ wu,f awmh uRefawmfhudpu ö dk olulnDaewm yg/ bmudprö Sef;rodayr,fh vkyfr,fyJ ajymcJhygw,f/ tJ'DawmhrS olYtMuH tpnfudk ajymjyygw,f/ uGefysLwm toif; zGJYzdkYyg/ tJ'Dwkef;u Xmerª;&JUtpDtpOfu ,ckvdk uGefysLwmtoif;awG oHk;av; oif;zGJYzdkY r[kwfygbl;/ wpfoif;yJ&SdjyD; wpfr;kd atmufrmS rS tvTmuav;awGcjJG yD; tvkyfvkyfMuzdkYyg/ jrefrmEkdifiH q&m0ef toif;yHpk rH sK;d ? ,aeYjrefrmh½yk &f iS f tpnf; t½Hk;yHkpHrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ aemufawmhrS taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ,ckvkd jrefrm EkdifiHuGefysLwmtoif;csKyf? jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysLwmynm&Siftoif;? jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysLwm vkyfief;&Siftoif;? jrefrm EkdifiH uGefysLwm0goem&Siftoif;qdkjyD; jzpfvmwmyg/ wdkwdkeJYvkd&if;ajym&&if vª'gef;yGJ tjyD;rSm jrefrmEkdifiHuGefysLwmtoif; zGJY pnf;a&;twGuf tpnf;ta0; qufvyk f ygw,f/ AdkvfcsKyfMuD;wifOD;eJYwuG tpdk;&tzGJY0if 0efMuD; 13 OD; wufyg

38

uGefysLwm*sme,f

w,f/ uGeyf sLwmynm&Siaf wG&UJ ud, k pf m; uRefawmfuyJ 'Dtoif; zGJYpnf;a&; twGuf wifjycJhygw,f/ tpnf;ta0; u tMudwt f e,fjzpfygw,f/ tJ'aD eYu urÇmat;r[mygomevdkPf*lrSm qGrf; avmif;yGJ&SdvdkY vª'gef;yGJuae vlMuD;awG wkduf½dkufoGm;Mu&jyD; um;ay:rSmyJ t0wf t pm;vJ M u&wJ h t xd tpnf ; ta0;u tMudwfte,fjzpfcJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fhvnf; AdkvfcsKyfMuD;u toif ; jzpf a jrmuf a &;aumf r wD u d k wpfcgwnf; zGYJ pnf;ay;cJyh gw,f/ yxr awmh ynma&;0efMuD;Xme 'k0efMuD; Akv d f rª;MuD;Munfarmifukd Ouú|tjzpf xm;ay r,fh aemufawmh vkyfief;obm0t& ydkjyD; oifhavsmfwJh 'k0efMuD; a'gufwm oef;nGefY (,ck Ouú|? 0efxrf;a&G;cs,f avhusifha&;tzGJY) udk wm0efay;cJhyg w,f/ aemufawmh Oya'a&;qGJwmwdkY? bmwdkY qufvkyfMuwJhtcg uRefawmf rygawmhygbl;/ ynm&Siaf wGyJ qufvyk f Muygw,f/ wu,fwrf; toif;awG zGJYwJhtcgrSom uGefysLwmvkyfief;&Sif toif; wGJzuftwGif;a&;rª;eJY uGefysL wmtoif;csKyf trIaqmiftjzpf wm0ef ,lcJh&ygw,f/ tckqdk&if uGefysLwm vkyfief;&Siftoif;rSm uRefawmfr&Sdawmh ayr,fh uGefysLwmtoif;csKyfrSmawmh trIaqmiftjzpf emrnf usefaeygao; w,f/ 'Dae&mrSm MuHKMudKufwkef; ajymjy &&if tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u pufrIwuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyf OD;Muifpdk;u jrefrmEkdifiH tif*sifeD,mtoif;zGJYzdkY b,fvdkrS MudK; pm;vdkYr&vdkY uRefawmfwdkYudk tultnD awmif;awmh uReaf wmfuyJ tif*sief , D m ynm&SifawGudk,fpm; wifjyay;cJh&jyD; toif;zGJYpnf;cGifh&cJhygw,f/ (uGefysL wmtoif; zGJYpnf;zdkY tJ'Dtcrf;tem;eJY ywfoufwJh pm&Gufpmwrf;awG? "mwfyHk

rSwfwrf;awG? tptqHk; AD'D,dkrSwfwrf; awG tm;vHk; uRefawmfhqDrSm &Sdaeyg ao;w,f/ toif;MuD;ursm; rSwfwrf; twGuf vdktyf&if ay;zdkY tpDtpOf &Sdyg w,f/) OD;cifarmifviG f wu,fawmh jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysL wm toif;awG zGJYpnf;jzpfzdkY pdwful;udk tJ ' D t csd e f u ynm&S i f a wG pd w f u l ; aumif; pdwful;cJhygvdrfhr,f/ 'grsKd;awG qdkwm pDrHcefYcGJa&;orm; aumif;awGeJY vision &Sw d o hJ al wGrmS yJ jzpfay:vmwwf wmrsKd;yg/ Xmerª;taeeJY toif;zGJYzdkY udpörsKd;udk awmf½HkowdåeJY vkyfcJhwm r[kwfygbl;/ tJ'Dtcsdefu oufqkdif&m 0efMuD;awG&JU MoZmu tvGefMuD;yg w,f/ uRefawmfwYkd &UJ tpDtpOfukd vlMuD; awG MudKjyD; rodcJhygbl;/ vª'gef;yGJjyD;rS ]jrefrmEkdifiHuGefysLwmtoif;eJY tif*sif eD,mtoif;rsm; zGJYpnf;a&;twGuf tpnf;ta0; cef;rtwGif;
trSww f & a,mufpvH;k udk pdwq f ;kd ayr,fh em;vnf cGifhvTwfay;cJhvdkYom uaeYtxd tJ'D tusKd; cHpm;ae&wm jzpfygw,f/ Xmerª ; u uG e f y sLwm avmu twGuf 'Dwpfckwnf; vkyfoGm;wm r[kwyf gbl;/ 'DuaeY jrefrmpm,leu D w k f olvkyfigvkyfvdkY ajymaeMuayr,fh ,leD ukwfpHowfrSwfa&;eJY ywfoufjyD; OD; aqmifcJhwm? ,leDukwfuGefqdkwD,HrSm jrefrm character set ukd twnfjyKzdkY ta&;wMuD; tajctaeawGrSm EkdifiH wumeJY qufqH ajz&Si;f ay;&wmawGukd ynm&SifawG&JUa&SUu rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfay;cJhovdk aeYa&m nyg vHkYv xkwf vkyfaqmifay;cJholvnf; jzpfyg w,f/ tJvkd vkyfEkdifzdkY twGufvnf; olu, dk w f idk f em;vnfatmif jrefrmpmudk okawoevkyjf yD; uGeyf sLwmodyHÜ (r[m bGJY) ,lEkdifcJhwJhtxd MudK;yrf;cJholjzpfyg w,f/ uGefysLwmavmutwGuf vdktyf wmrSeforQudk b,folYudkrqdk tcsdef ra&G;ulnw D o hJ jl zpfygw,f/ 'DuaeY uGef ysLwmjyyGJawG&JU tOD;tp wyfrawmf cef;rrSm jyKvkyfcJhwmqdk&ifvnf; olY&JU tpDtpOfawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ Adv k cf sKyMf u;D wifO;D jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysLwmtoif;awG udk rsKd;aphcsay;cJhol jrefrmuGefysLwm avmuudk zGHYjzdK;wdk;wufatmif tpp t&m&m MudK;yrf;ay;cJhwJh aus;Zl;&SifMuD; vdkY ajym&if&ygw,f/ uRefawmfhtaeeJY Xmerª;eJYywfoufjyD;rS AdkvfcsKyfMuD;eJY odcGifh&ayr,fh AdkvfcsKyfMuD;&JU tm;ay; rIudk tjrJcH,lcJh&ygw,f/ ]uRefawmf uGefysLwmeJY ywfouf jyD; bmrS rodygbl;}vdkY uRefawmfwdkY vkyforQ yGJwkdif;rSm yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymcJhjyD; 'DavmuwpfckvHk; wdk;wuf atmif tkwfjrpfcsay;cJhygw,f/ uGefysL

40

uGefysLwm*sme,f

olpeG pYf m;jy;D uGeyf sLwmavmu twGuf jzpfoifw h mawGudk rjzpfjzpf atmif MudK;yrf;cJhygw,f/ olaY pwem tavsmufyJ toif;awG jzpfvmcJh&wmyg/

wmtoif;awGzYJG zYkd twGuf tpnf;ta0; vkyfawmh (reuf 8; 30 uae aeYv,f 11; 30 em&Dtxd vufzuf&nfeJY rkeYf uav;yJpm;jyD; qGrf;qefpdrf; avmif;vª yGJudk oGm;&wmyg/ tJ'DaeYu vlMuD;awG tm;vHk; xrif;iwfygw,f/) uRefawmf wdkY b,folYrS todray;bJ xif&m pGwf vkyfcJhMuayr,fh vlMuD;yDyD uRefawmfwdkY 2 a,mufpvHk;udk tjypfrjrifbJ vkyf oifh vkyfxkduf&mudk vkyfay;cJhygw,f/ aemifrmS vnf; 'Dvykd gyJ/ uRefawmf eJY Xmerª; uGefysLwmjyyGJawGvkyfawmh yGw J idk ;f udk rjzpfraewufygw,f/ wpfcg uqdk&if wyfrawmf Munf;a&av yl; aygif;ppfqifa&;avhusifhwmudk oGm;zdkY

&Sdaewmawmif uRefawmfwdkYukd tcsdef ay;jyD; zGifhyGJ wufjzpfatmif wufay;cJh ygw,f/ jyyGw J ikd ;f rSm ynm&Siaf wGeYJ &if; &if;ESD;ESD; at;at;aq;aq; ajymyg w,f/ vdktyfwm rSeforQudkvnf; twwfEkdifqHk; ajz&Sif;ay;cJhygw,f/ ol eJYygvmwJh 0efMuD;rsm;udkvnf; tm;vHk; twGuf yHhydk;ay;zkdY wkdufwGef;ygw,f/ ol rwwfEidk &f ifvnf; ]]uReaf wmf vlMuD; awGudk qufjyD; wifjyay;ygr,f}}qkdjyD; tultnD ay;cJyh gw,f/ jrefrm,leu D w k f udpeö JY ywfoufjyD; olajymovdk uGef ysLwm bmrS rwwfayr,fhvnf; ol wwfEkdifwJhbufu ulnDcJhvkdYom 'Ddu aeY 10 ESpftwGif;rSm ,leDukwfvkdY atmf aeEdkifwm jzpfygw,f/ trSeftwdkif;ajym&&if 'DuaeY jref rmuGefysLwmavmurSm &aewJh toD; tyGifhawG[m AkdvfcsKyfMuD;wifOD; rsKd;aph csay;cJhwJh tyifawGu toD;tyGifhawG vkdY ajym&if rSm;r,f rxifygbl;/ OD;aomif;wif uGefysLwmay:u jrefrmpmudpö eJYywfoufjyD; ukd,fwkdifvnf; pdwf 0ifpm; ukd,fxdvufa&mufvnf;vkyf? olrsm;vkyforQudkvnf; ulnDay;olu ukdaomif;wif (KMD) jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmpmudprö S r[kwyf gbl;/ jrefrmEkid if H uGefysLwmavmu zGHYjzdK;a&;twGuf pGr;f pGr;f wrH vkyaf qmifcMhJ uolawGxrJ mS a&SUwef;uygygw,f/ udkaomif;wifeJY ywfoufjyD; twdkcsKH;ajymjy&&if ol[m very remarkable person vdkY ajym Ekdifygw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;t& vkyfaqmif csufawGrSma&m enf;ynmykdif;t&yg olYudk erlem,l&r,fh taMumif;tcsuf awG trsm;MuD; &Sdygw,f/ udkaomif;wifeJY uRefawmfwdkYu rEÅav;zm;om;vzkef;ausmif;xGufawG jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfhxuf wpfwef;

trSww f &

ckaemufyikd ;f jyyGaJ wGrmS usawmh aiGa&;aMu;a&;udk iJ&h [ef wlygw,f/ ta&mif;qkid cf ef;awGyJ ygjy;D vlxu k kd ynmay;wJh ynmay; jyuGuaf wG ygrvmawmhwm awG&U w,f/ MuD;ygw,f/ ynmt&mrSmawmh q,f wef; 3 cef; &SdwJhae&mrSm olu A wef; u tqifh (1) &oljzpfjyD; uRefawmfu C cef;u tqifh bdwfcsnf;&wJhol jzpf ygw,f/ uRefawmftpdk;& tvkyfu xGufjyD; 'Dbuful;awmh uGefysLwm *sme,f pxkwfzdkYvkyfcsdefrSm uGefysLwm avmuu q&mMuD;? q&mvwf? q&m av;awG tm;vH;k udk olyJ vku d rf w d q f uf ay;jyD; tptqHk; ulnDcJholyg/ b,folYudkrqdk b,ftykdif;uae ulnD&ulnD& ulnDay;ol wpfOD;jzpfyg w,f/ jrefrmpm,leDukwfudpöeJY ywf oufjyD; Ekid if w H um tpnf;ta0;awGukd ukd,fhp&dwfukd,fcHjyD; tMudrfMudrf oGm; wufcJh tajctwif aqG;aEG;cJhwJhae&m rSm a&SUqHk;u yg0ifcJholwpfOD; jzpfyg w,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH uGefysLwmenf;ynm jyefYyGm;a&;eJY EkdifiHwum uGefysLwm enf;ynm aygif;pyfa&;eYJywfoufjyD; ,aeYtcsdet f xd atmifjrifpmG xlaxmif xm;Ekid o f l ynm&Siw f pfO;D vdYk q&kd ifvnf; rrSm;ygbl;/ jrefrmEkdifiHudk uGefysLwm

enf;ynmeJYywfoufvYkd trsm;qH;k tul tnDay;aewJh *syefEkdifiH CICC tzGJY tpnf;qdk&if udkaomif;wifuyJ zdwf ac:jyD; tzGJYtpnf;rsm;pGmeJY qufpyfay; cJhwm jzpfygw,f/ vGefcJhwJh 15 ESpfavmufwkef;u awmh udkaomif;wifudk olYoli,fcsif; awGu ½HIUcscJhMuygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHu b,frSrcGmbJ uGefysLwmvkyfief;udk aZmufcsvkyfudkifaewJhtwGuf jzpfyg w,f/ tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u udkaomif;wif wdYk M.Sc (Computer) bGYJ&awGtm;vH;k eD;yg; EkdifiHjcm;xGuf tvkyfvkyfcJhMujyD; pD;yGm;jzpfaeMuwJhtcsdef jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ,HkMunf&mudk pdkufvkdufrwf wyfvyk cf w hJ o hJ t l zdYk 'DuaeYrmS atmifjrif rI toD;tyGiahf wG &aewm[m b,forl S ,SOv f Ydk r&ygbl;/ jrefrmEkid if rH mS tkid w f eD YJ csrf;om
uGeyf sLwmjyyGrJ sm; uGefysLwmtrSwfw&rsm;xJrSmrS uGeyf sLwmjyyGrJ sm; jyKvkycf &hJ jcif;udk tjrJ owd&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY[m (uRef awmfwYdkq&dk mwGif uReaf wmfEiS hf Xmerª;udk qkdvkdygw,ff/) 1997 ckESpfrS 1999 ckESpftxd uGefysLwmjyyGJrsm;ukd tusKd; tjrwfr&SdbJ 0goemt&? vkyfcsifonfh twkdif;twmt& vkyfcJhMuygw,f/ aemufyikd ;f jyyGaJ wGudk uGeyf sLwmtoif; awG OD;aqmifvkyfoifhonf[k ,lq aomtcgrSom uReaf wmfwYdk quf rvkyf jzpfcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/ 1997 ckEpS w f iG f yxrjrefrmuGeyf sL wm jyyGu J kd wyfrawmfcef;rrSm av;&uf Mum jyKvkyfcJhygw,f/ ]]uGefysLwm*sm e,fESifh wyfrawmf Munf;? a&? av uGefysLwmXmerª;½Hk;wdkY yl;aygif;usif;y onf}}vkdY zdwfac: usif;ycJhwm jzpfyg w,f/ t&rf;udk crf;em;MuD;us,fjyD; atmifjrifrI &cJhwJh yGJawG jzpfcJhygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdeftxd wyfrawmfcef;rrSm EkdifiH awmfyaJG wGyJ vkyaf ecJw h mjzpfjyD; yk*v ¾ u d taeeJYqkd&if uRefawmfwkdY yxrqHk; jzpfr,fxifygw,f/ uGefysLwmjyyGJudk 'Dvkdjyo&w,fvkdY b,folrQ rpOf;pm; ao;wJh tcsdefvnf; jzpfygw,f/ uRef awmfu Xmerª; ]]'gvkycf siw f ,f}}qkw d meJY vlMuD;awGqD wifjyay;jyD; vkyfcJhMuwm jzpfygw,f/ bmtusKd;rQ rarQmfudk;ovdk bmrQ rodbJ unseen vkyfcJhMuwm jzpfyg w,f/ ckacwfvdk yGJwpfyGJvkyf&if odef; axmifcsD&w,fvdkYvnf; rodbJ? rruf armbJ vkyfcJhMuwm jzpfygw,f/ yxr tMudrf yGq J &dk if ukeo f , G af &;udk 13 ode;f awmif avsmfvdkuf&ygao;w,f/ jyyGq J w dk t hJ wkid ;f uGeyf sLwm a&mif; wmwif rubl; uGefysLwmenf;ynm awGyg jycJhwm jzpfygw,f/ udkaomif; wifwkdY? udkcGefOD;wdkYqDu uGefysLwm

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

41

trSww f & tysufawG,l? wjcm;oli,fcsif;awG rdwfaqGawGqDu uGefysLwmawG ,ljyD; wpfppDcGJjyxm;wmrsKd;? y½dkqufqmawG vnf; 8088 uae aemufq;kH pentium txd? memory qkdvnf; trsKd;rsKd; avh vmEkdifatmif jyocJhwm jzpfygw,f/ rD e D u G e f y sLwmqk d w m b,f v k d r sKd ; vJ qkdwmodatmif vl0ifrIMuD;Muyfa&; 0efMuD;Xme oef;acgifpm&if;XmecGJu rDeDuGefysLwmMuD; iSm;jyD; (3 wef um; MuD;eJY o,f&wm) jyocJhygw,f/ wyfrawmfcef;rrSm jyyGJtptqHk; ckepf&ufvHk;vHk; aeYa&mnyg rtdyfrae vkycf MhJ uwm jzpfygw,f/ pnfum;vdu k f wmuvnf; tJ'DvkdyJGrsKd; ,aeYtxd r&Sd awmhbl;vdkY ajym&if&ygw,f/ cef;rxJ rSmvlawGjynho f yd af ewJt h jyif wyfrawmf cef;r0if;xJrSmvnf; usyfoyfaeatmif pdwf0ifwpm; vmMunhfMuwm jzpfyg w,f/ ckaemufydkif; jyyGJawGrSmusawmh aiGa&;aMu;a&;udk iJh&[ef wlygw,f/ ta&mif;qkdifcef;awGyJ ygjyD; vlxkudk ynmay;wJh ynmay; jyuGufawG yg rvmawmhwm awGU&w,f/ uReaf wmfwYdk qkd&if 97-99 umvawGu uRefysLwm jyyGJtaMumif; vGrf;rdwkef;? tJvdkrsKd;yGJ awG jzpfapcsifwkef; jzpfygw,f/ IT Caravan

uGefysLwmtoif;awG&JU 10 ESpf wm umvtwkdif;rSm IT Caravan tpD tpOf[m vlxu k kd uGeyf sLwmtodtjrif awG ay;EdkifcJhwJh tpDtpOfwpfckvdkY ajym &if rrS m ;ygbl ; / 'D u aeYtxd IT Caravan b,fESck xGufjyD;jyDvJqkdwm rodawmhayr,fh yxrqHk;eJY 'kwd, Caravan awGrmS uReaf wmfwYdk yg0ifcjhJ yD; trSwfw&aygif;rsm;pGmudkvnf; jzpfap cJhwJh c&D;pOfawG jzpfygw,f/ yxr tMudrf caravan tjyD; &efukefukd pcef;

42

uGefysLwm*sme,f

odrf;0ifvmjyD; ukd,fhtdrfukd,f jyefMuwJh tcg rsu&f nfv,fwt hJ xd cHpm;yDwjd zpf &wJh c&D;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ e,fvSnhfuGefysLwmynmay; tpD tpOfwpfcktjzpf *syefEkdifiH CICC &JU yHhydk;aiGeJY yxrtMudrfrSm jrdKUMuD;ajcmuf jrdKU? 'kwd,tMudrfrSm ajcmufjrdKU? armf awmfum;MuD;wpfpD;eJY vl 30 ausmf wpfywfMumpD oGm;cJMh uwm jzpfygw,f/ um;ay:rSm a[majymr,fh yk*dK¾ vfawG yg ovdk uGeyf sLwmynm&Siaf wGvnf; ygyg w,f/ vufawGUo½kyfjyr,fh yk*dK¾ vfrsm; vnf; wpfygwnf; ygygw,f/ oufqidk &f m ausmif;awGrmS uGeyf sL wmawG qifxm;jyD; uRefawmfwkdYu o½kyfjyay;&wm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D tcsdefu jrefrmEkdifiHrSm tifwmeufudk poHk;EkdifwJhtcsdefqkdawmh yk*Hqdkufbm wufu ynm&SifawGu oufqkdif&m ausmif;awGudk wpf&ufMudKwifoGm;jyD; IP Star awG qifxm;ay;ygw,f/ uRef awmfwYdk tzGUJ a&mufwt hJ cg tifwmeuf toHk;jyKzdkY tqifoifh jzpfaeygjyD/ IT Caravan tpDtpOfu ynm a&;0efMuD;Xme&JU tultnDeJY ausmif; awG a&G ; cs,f j yD ; ausmif ; om;awG ? q&mq&mrawGukd awareness &atmif vkyfay;wJh tpDtpOf jzpfygw,f/ a[m ajymyGJjyD;wJhtcg tifwmeufudk vuf awGUo½kyfjyygw,f/ vlwkdif;udkvnf; vufawGU tiffwmeufoHk;Munfhcdkif;yg w,f/ jyD;awmh uGefysLwm*sme,fawG? uGefysLwmtbd"mefawG? uGefysLwmpm tkyfawG a0ygw,f/ ausmif;awGudk vnf; pmtkyfawGvªygw,f/ yxrtMudrf Caravan u {&m 0wDjrpf taemufbufjcrf;eJY ta&SUbuf jcrf; c&D;pOfjzpfygw,f/ yJcl;? jynf? yk*aH nmifO;D ? rEÅav;? rdwv D¬ m? awmifil jrdKUrsm;udk Ekid if w H pfywfomG ;jyD; a[majym cJhwJh c&D;pOf jzpfygw,f/

oufqkdif&ma'o tmPmydkifawG? ynma&;0efxrf;awGtaeeJY uReaf wmfwYkd &JU c&D;pOfudk vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ? wu,f vnf; pdwf0ifwpm; &SdMuvdkY uRefawmf wdkY&JU c&D;pOfudk aeYrtm; nrem; vkyfcJh &wJt h wGuf uReaf wmfwYdk yifyef;w,fvYdk awmif rcHpm;&ygbl;/ wu,fh e,f vSnfh ZmwfyMJG uD;vdyk gyJ/ wpfe,fuwpf e,f ul;jyD; aeYyGJnyGJawG vkyfae&ovkd ygyJ/ yxrtMud r f IT Caravan u atmifjrifw,fqkdayr,fh a'ocHawG taeeJY ckrpS jyD; ezl;awGU 'l;awGU tifwm eufqkdawmh odyf tar;tjref; rxl&JMu bl; jzpfaeygw,f/ ar;cGef;ar;oludk pmtkyfawG vufaqmifay;wmawmifrS rar;&JMubl; jzpfaeygw,f/ 'kwd,

a[majymyGjJ y;D wJt h cg tifwmeufukd vufawGo U ½kyjf yygw,f/ vlwidk ;f udv k nf; vufawGU tifw f meufo;kH Munfch ikd ;f yg w,f/

OD;aomif;wif

trSww f & tMudrf {&m0wDwdkif;buf xGufwJhtcg usawmh odcsifwmawG ar;zdkY 0efrav; Muawmhwm awGU&ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh [oFmwtxufwef; ausmif;rSm vkyw f hJ yGJeJY ajrmif;jrq&mtwwfoif? ykodrf q&mtwwfoifwkdYrSm vkyfwJhyGJawGrSm q&m? q&mrawG odcsifpw d rf sm;vGe;f vdYk yGJjyD;wmawmif ar;Mujref;Mu rSwfpkpm tkyfawGeJY rSwfaeMuqJ jzpfygw,f/ c&D;pOfwpfckvHk;udk jrefrmh½kyfjrif oHMum;u wpfcgwnf; rSwfwrf;wif ay;jyD; jrefrmh½kyfjrifoHMum;tpDtpOfu jycJhwJhtwGuf wpfEkdifiHvHk; awareness &apzdkY ydkjyD; tusKd;&SdapcJhygw,f/ tJ'D c&D;pOfrSm &ifxJ tcHpm;&qHk;uawmh a&MunftxurSm jyKvkyfcJhwJhyGJ jzpfyg w,f/ tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u a&Munf ig; odkif;acsmif;jrdKYe,f jrdKYe,fynma&;rSL; q&mrMuD ; u ol Y jrd K Ye,f x J r S m &S d w J h txufwef;eJY tv,fwef;ausmif; awGu ausmif;om;awG? q&m q&mr awG tm;vHk; ac:xm;[ef &Sdygw,f/ a&Munf txu&JY cef;rMuD;u us,f awmh tJ ' D e ,f u ausmif ; om;awG tukef qHyh gw,f/ tm;vH;k ukd a[majym yGJwufcdkif;½Hkomrubl; uGefysLwmukd a&m? tifwmeufuykd g vlwidk ;f rjzpfrae oHk;cdkif;ygw,f/ olukd,fwdkifvJ okH; Munfyh gw,f/ olYuMdk unf&h wm uav; wpfa,mufvdkyJ aysmfaew,f/ a&Munf uae aemufwpfae&mul;awmh tawmf udk aemufusoGm;wJhtxd tcsdefay; vdkuf&ygw,f/ tJ'DaeYu yGJtjyD;rSm wpfa,mufeJY wpfa,muf EIwfqufMuawmh q&mr MuD;u ]]tckvkd uGeyf sLwmynmay; tpD tpOfawG vmjyD; a[majymydYkcswm? vuf awGYvkyfukdifcGifh&wm aus;Zl;wifyg w,f/ 'Dae&mrSm uRefrtaeeJY ajymcsif wmwpfcku jr0wD½kyfjrifoHMum; tpD tpOfjyD;wJt h cg aemufwpfaeY tpDtpOf

44

uGefysLwm*sme,f

awGudk ]oift h wGuf reufjzef} qdjk yD; erl emav;awGjyygw,f/ 'DuaeY 'DtpD tpOfawGuvJ ]uRefrwdkYtwGuf reuf jzef} tpDtpOfav;awG jzpfvmapcsifyg w,f? uRefrwdkYtwGuf reufjzefawG jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DreufjzefawGtwGuf arQmfaerdr,fjzpfygw,f}} qdkjyD; 0rf;yrf; wenf;ajymygw,f/ a':0g0gxeG ;f IT Cravan awGxGufwJhtcgusrS

eD;eD;pyfpyfeJY oduRrf;cGifh&cJhayr,fh tapmMuD;uwnf;u uGefysLwmeJY ywf oufwJhtcgwkdif; MuHKawGYaeMu&ol tpfrMuD;jzpfygw,f/ 1994-95 uqdk

enf;ynmqdkwm ukd,feJYqkdifonf jzpfap? rqkdifonfjzpfap ud, k q hf u D kd a&mufvmrSmyJ ? enf;ynmeJYywfoufvdkY odxm;zdYk vdjk y;D tqifoifhjzpfzdkYvdkw,f

a':0g0gxeG ;f

&if uGeyf sLwm*sme,feYJ a':0g0gxGe;f &JU tifwmAsL;awG[m uGeyf sLwmavmuudk ½dkufcwfoHjyif;apcJhygw,f/ tpfrMuD;u yJ? ESrf;? ig;? ig;yd a&mif;&muae uGefysLwmbufudk vHk;0 ajcpkefypful;cJholjzpfygw,f/ ul;cJhwJh tcgusawmhvnf; ig;? ig;ydudk ajcpkef uefcJhjyD; 0ifcJhwmjzpfygw,f/ 1994 upjyD; jrefrmEkid if H ynma&;0efMuD; Xme udk Apple uGeyf sLwm tvH;k wpfaomif; ausmf a&mif;cswyfqifay;cJhol wpfOD; tjzpf xif&Sm;ygw,f/ aqmhzf0JawGudk w&m;0if0,foHk;MuzdkY vHIYaqmfMudK;yrf;cJh olvnf; jzpfygw,f/ Apple uGefysLwmawG roHk;Mucif tcsdefu jrefrmEkdifiH&JU uGefysLwmtoHk; jyKrIEIef;u aES;auG;aeygao;w,f/ acwftavsmuf aps;EIe;f u MuD;jrifah eyg ao;w,f/ a':0g0gxGef;u Apple Lc 630 awGukd jrefrmaiGwpfoe d ;f 0ef;usief YJ a&mif;cJh&mu wpfEkdifiHvHk;eD;yg; yef;oD; rSyef;oD; jzpfoGm;cJhygw,f/ Public awareness udk tvG,fwul &apcJhyg w,f/ uRefawmfwdkY ukd,fwkdifvnf; Apple Crazy jzpfoGm;jyD; 'DuaeYtxd Apple udk ESpfESpfjcdKufjcdKuf oHk;pGJaeqJ jzpfygw,f/ tpf r MuD ; u pnf ; ½H k ; a&;orm; aumif ; jzpf y gw,f / tajymvnf ; aumif;ygw,f/ csufusvufusvnf; ajymEkdifygw,f/ IT Caravan wpf avQmuf y&d o wf u d k enf ; ynm taMumif; technology rygbJ a[m ajymoGm;Ekdifygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY&ifxJ pGJoGm;apwJh pum;wpfcGef;&Sdygw,f/ ]]enf;ynmqdkwm ukd,feJYqkdifonfjzpf ap? rqkid o f nfjzpfap ud, k q hf u D kd a&muf vmrSmyJ enf;ynmeJYywfoufvYkd odxm; zdkYvdkjyD; tqifoifhjzpfzdkYvdkw,f}} qdkwJh pum;jzpfygw,f/ IT caravan c&D;pOf wpfavQmuf ajymcJw h mjzpfjyD; uGeyf sLwm

trSww f & *sme,frSm 'Dpum;vHk;udk rMumcP azmfjycJhygw,f/ OD;wif0if;atmif uGeyf sLwmavmuMuD; wpfcv k ;kH udk vIyv f yI cf wfcwfjzpfapatmif a&SUaqmif a&SU&Gujf yKcJo h al wGxrJ mS MCC u q&m OD;wif0if;atmifudk a&SUqHk;uxm;&if &ygvdrrhf ,f/ q&mOD;wif0if;atmif[m tkdifwDeJY pD;yGm;a&;udk qufpyfay;EkdifjyD; tkdifwDudk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;MuD;wpfck tjzpf vrf;zGifhay;cJholjzpfygw,f/ q&mOD;wif0if;atmiftaeeJY uGef ysLwmeJYywfouforQ vkyif ef;awG tm; vHk;eD;yg;rSm yxrqHk;pcJh? vrf;azmufcJh olvdkYajym&if &ygw,f/ uGefysLwmoif wef;awG? vkyfief;awG? tusdK;aqmif vk y f i ef ; awG tm;vH k ; acwf a &S U ajy; tawG;tac:eJY vkyf&yfawGyJ jzpfyg w,f/ uRefawmfwdkY uGefysLwm*sme,f awmifrS q&mOD;wif0if;atmif&UJ MCC *sme,f & J U aemuf v k d u f j zpf y gw,f / MCC *sme,fqw kd m yxrqH;k xGucf w hJ hJ uGeyf sLwmenf;ynm*sme,fjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY uGefysLwmjyyGJ vkyf awmh enf;ynmqkdif&mjyuGufqdkwm q&mh&UJ oifwef;cef;ra&SUrSmuyfxm;wJh board awGudk (Oyrm - motherboard wpfcu k u kd yfxm;jyD; tpdwt f ykid ;f awGukd label xd;k jyxm;wm) Munfjh yD; tawG;&? tjrif&jyD; vkyfcJhMuwmyg/ uGefysLwmtoif;qdkvnf; 'Dvdkyg yJ/ tJ't D csdeu f ukeo f , G af &;eJY yl;aygif; jyD; uGefysLwmvkyfief;&Siftoif;zGJYzdkY tqifoifhjzpfjyD;om;yg/ (tJ'DvdkzGJYzdkY tpDtpOfawG tm;vHk; vkyfjyD;om;qdk wmudk uRefawmfwYkd aemufrS od&wmyg) aMunmzdYk yJ &Sad wmhwmyg/ aemufyidk ;f rSm e-government wdkY? tifwmeuf business wdkY? tckaemufykdif; pD;yGm;a&;vkyf ief;&SifawGtwGuf IT business wdkY

jrefrmEkid if rH mS eHygww f pfqw dk mvnf; wpfcw k nf; &Sw d maMumifv h nf; jzpfEkdifygw,f/ ]'g wdkY pvkyfwmvdkY}vnf;
pwmawGudk acgif;pOf wpfckjyD;wpfck issue xkwfjyD; tvkyfvkyfEkdifpGrf;u q&mh&UJ pD;yGm;a&;tjrifukd azmfjyaewmyJ jzpfygw,f/ wpfaeYu udak omif;pkjidr;f u yxr jrefrmuGefysLwmrsm;xJrSm uRefawmfhem rnf xnfh&r,fqdkjyD; ajymygw,f/ wu,fawmh uRefawmfwdkY[m 'kwd, jrefrmuGefysLwmrsm;qdkwJh acgif;pOf atmufrmS yJ &So d ifw h ,fvYkd xifygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh tawmfrsm;rsm;u q&mOD;wif0if;atmif pcJhwJh vrf;pOf aemufudk vkdufcJh&vdkYygyJ/ ed*;kH vlqkdwm vkyf&yfeJY orkdif;aMumif; qkw d m &Syd gw,f/ rSww f rf;qkw d mvnf; zsufr&ygbl;/ ta,mifaqmif wkyvkdY vnf; r&Ekdifygbl;/ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm eHygwfwpfqkdwmvnf; wpfckwnf; &Sd wmaMumifv h nf; jzpfEidk yf gw,f/ ]'g wdYk

pvkyfwmvdkY}vnf;
Ed0k ifbm? 2008

45

uGeyf sLwmtufaq; uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

vHkjcHKa&;uifr&mrsm;eJYuRefawmf odkYr[kwf uk, d yhf &kH yd u f , dk f ESpjf cKd uw f hJ uReaf wmf jrefrmjynf &efuek jf rdKUrSm yxr OD;qH;k CCTV qdw k hJ vHjk cHKa&;uifr&m awG a&mufvmwJh tcsdefuaygh/ uRefawmfqdk ukd,fhyHk&dyfudk ukd,fjrif ae&awmh odyfMunfEl; rd w ,f / 'D u if r &m a&S U u tMud r f M ud r f tacgufacguf tcgcg yJjzwfjyD; vrf;avQmuf? uk, d yfh &kH yd u f kd uk, d Mf unfh &wm od y f a ysmf c J h y g w,f/ tJ'Dwkef;upjyD; toHk;jyKwmu pD;yGm; a&;orm;awGygyJ/olwYkd qkdifa&SUu jzwfoGm;wJh y&dowf? olwdkYqkdifxJ udk Munfh½IwJh y&dowf udk ½dkufjywm jzpfyg w,f/ t ck wpf cg 'D CCTV taMumif;udk aqmif;yg;a&;xm;wm zwf vkduf & yg w,f/ urÇmay:rSm 'DvHkjcHKa&;uifr&meJY jynfolawG&JU aeYpOfoGm;vm vIyf &Sm;rIawGudk ½dkuf,lrSwfwrf;wif xm;wJ h Ek d i f i H t euf trsm;qH k ;

48

uGefysLwm*sme,f

½dkuf,lxm;wJh EkdifiH[m jAdwdefEkdifiH jzpfygw,fw/hJ jynfoal wGukd trsm;qH;k apmifhMunfhaewJh EkdifiHjzpfygw,fwJh/ vHkjcHKa&; uifr&maygif; 4 'or 2

rDv, D u H akd wmif toH;k jyKxm;ygw,fw/hJ vlOD;a& 14 a,mufrSm uifr&mwpfvHk; eJY ½kduf,lxm;ygw,fwJh/ aemifvmr,fh 10 pkESpf wpfcktwGif;rSm ta&twGuf

[m ESpfqjzpfvmr,fvdkY cefYrSef;xm;yg w,f/ vef'efjrdKUol jrdKUom;awG[m wpfaeYrSm 'Dvdk vHkjcHKa&; uifr&mawG a&SUrSm tMudrfaygif; 300 &Sdygw,fwJh/ uRefawmfjzwfwJh tMudrfaygif;eJY ,SOf Munf h y g/ uRef a wmf ]t½l;x} wmu enf;yg ao;w,f/ vef'efjrdKUu &yfuGuf wpfckeJYwpfck tMum; oGm;vmwJh vl awG[m uifr&maygif; rnfrQa&SUrSm jzwfoGm; &jyD; tMudrfaygif; b,f avmuf rSwfwrf;wifcH &rvJ q d k w m pOf ; pm; Munf h y gav/ jynf o l awGuvnf; auseyfMu w,fvYkd qdyk gw,f/ tJ'D awmh wpfcgar;p&mawG &Sv d mygw,f/ 'DvjkH cHKa&; uifr&mawGu jynfol awG u d k b,f a vmuf twkdif;twmtxd um uG,frI ay;ygovJ/ &JpHkaxmufawG&JU XmecsKyfjzpfwJh Scortland Yard &JU tqdkt&awmh odyfray;Ekdifbl;vdkY qdkyg w,f/ aiGaMu;twkid ;f twmeJY ajym&&if

uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

vnf; aiGaMu;tajrmuftjrm; tukef tuscH j yD ; vH k j cH K a&; uif r &mawG wyfqifxm;aomfvnf; &mZ0wfrIawG udk wm;qD;&mrSm? umuG,frIay;&mrSm od y f r xd a &muf c J h y gbl ; / tJ ' D a wmh b,folawG tusKd;tjrwf &&SdcJhovJ/ tEk y nm&S i f a wG e J Y hacker awG u toHk;cscJhygw,f/ vQyfppfypönf;qkdif awGrSm a':vm 80 avmufeJY vHkjcHKa&; uifr&mawGukd 0,fvYkd &ygw,f/ tJ'geJY twl bufx&D transmitter toHvTifh pufukdvnf; wGJzuf0,f,lEkdifygw,f/ tJ'gawGut kd oH;k jyKjyD; vrf;ay:rSm? pwd;k qdkifawGxJrSm wyfqifxm;wJh vHkjcHKa&; uifr&mawGxJu yHk&dyfudk &,lEkdifyg w,f/ toH;k jyKEkid yf gw,f/ tEkynm&Sif awGu tJ'DyHk&dyfawGudk toHk;jyKjyD; Zmwfvrf;oabmvkyu f m wifqufvm ygw,f/ Hacker awGuvnf; 'DyHk&dyf awGudk apmifhMunfhjyD;? ul;,lum tjcm; ae&mudk ydkYay;ygw,f/ Hobby wpfck tyef;ajz vky&f yfav;wpfct k jzpf toH;k jyKvmygw,f/ tJ'gudk video sniffing vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'Da&m*gu Oa&my? e,l;a,muf? b&mZD;EkdifiHrsm;txd ul;pufysHUESHYoGm;ygw,f/ ]we*FaEGaeY vdkrsKd; wpfaeYrSm 'DvdktvkyfrsKd; vkyf& wm[m tyef;ajzenf;wpfc?k pdw0f ifpm; p&m wpfckjzpfw,f} vdkYJoao Wilbert qdkwJh vlu ajymygw,f/ olu rD'D,m ynmeJY ywfoufjyD; r[modyÜHwuf aewJh ausmif;om;wpfOD; jzpfygw,f/ ol[m vef'efjrdKUay:u vrf;awGxJrSm oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;aewJh jynfolawG&JU yHk&dyfawGudk &wemokduf &SmazGaeovdk rsKd; pdwf0ifwpm; apmifhMunfhcJhygw,f/ rSwfwrf;wifzdkY taMumif;t&mawGudk

&SmazGcJhygw,f/ pm;aomufqkdifwpfck&JU tay:xyf tcef ; axmif h wpf c k u vnf;aumif;? [dw k ,f{nhcf ef;awGxu J vnf;aumif;? ukefwkdufxJu pHkwGJ wpfwu JG vnf;aumif;? uifr&mwpfv;kH eJY ul;,lEkdifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvdkul;,lxm;wm[m w&m;r0ifygbl;/ 'Dawmh olwdkYbmvkyf MuovJ/ Oya'&JU [muGufwpfckudk toHk;jyKvmygw,f/ 'Dvdk vHkjcHKa&;uif r&mrSm rSwfwrf;wifcH&olu aygif 10 ay;jyD; awmif;qdk&if yHk&dyfxJu rsufESm awGudk rIef0g;apjyD;? zHk;uG,fapjyD; rdwåL aumfyDwpfck awmif;qdkoludk ay;&yg w,f / tJ ' D v k y f & yf u d k tEk y nm&S i f Manu Luksch u vkyfcJhygw,f/ &uf 40 twGif;rSm rSwfwrf;aygif;rsm;pGmudk vufcH&&SdcJhygw,f/ 0g; --- tHhMop&m aumif;vkdufwm/ 'gawGudk Zmwfvrf; wpfyk'fpm tcspfZmwfvrf;av; zefwD; vkduf&if aumif;rSmyJ/ uRefawmf awG;rd vmygw,f}vdYkajymcJyh gw,f/ (uReaf wmf wd k Y tck M unf h a eMuwJ h jzpf & yf r S e f rSwfwrf;tacGawG[m tJ'grsKd;u jzpf vmcJw h myJ/ ,mOfwu dk rf aI wG? bPf"m;jy wkdufrIawG? ukd,fhukd,fudk,faoaMumif; MuHpnfrIawG jzpfygw,f/) 'gayr,fh um,uH&iS af wG&UJ rsuEf mS udak wmh azmfjy ay;vdkY rjzpfygbl;/ Oya'eJYrvGwfuif; bl ; aygh c if A sm/ aemuf w pf a ,muf uawmhDavid Valentine yJjzpfygw,f/ ol[mvnf; vHkjcHKa&;uifr&mxJrSm rSwfwrf;wifxm;wJht&mawG tjzpf tysufawGudk tEkynmtoGif ajymif; ay;olwpfa,muf jzpfygw,f/ olYudk tultnDay;wJhtzGJYu Media Shed qdkwmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'D tzGJYtpnf;u

rd b rJ h u av;awG t wG u f vl r I 0efxrf; tvkyv f yk af y;wJt h zGYJjzpfjyD; 'Duav;awGudk vlYtzGJYtpnf;xJ jyefa&mufatmif vkyfay;ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm olwdkYu uav;awG pdwf0ifpm;rI&Sdvmatmif Video sniffing udk toHk;cscJhygw,f/ a'oawG&JU axmufcHtm;ay;rIudk &&Sdxm;wJh tzGJYvnf; jzpfaeyg w,f/ tJ hacker awGuawmh wpfrsKd;ayghAsm/ olwdkYuawmh xHk;pH twkdif;ygyJ/ apmifhMunfhwmxuf ydkjyD; yHk&dyfawGudk toHk;csoGm; ygw,f/ wpfae&mu yHk&dyfawG wjcm;wpfae&mudk ydkYay;ygw,f/ olwYkd twGuaf wmh *dr;f wpfck upm; aeovdrk sKd; toH;k csoGm;ygw,fw/hJ uJ ---uRefawmfwdkY&JU vlYtzGJY tpnf;u b,fvdkyHkoP²mefvnf; ar;p&m jzpfvmygw,f/ rEkó aA' ynm&SifawGuawmh ]apmifh MunfhwJhvkyf&yfu apmifhMunfhcH& olawGudk ajymif;vJapygw,f} vdkY qdyk gw,f/ 'Dupd [ ö m aemifvmr,fh enf;ynm jrifhrm;rIaMumifh ajymif; vJvmwJh vlrIa&; jyóemwpf&yf vm;/ 'gayr,fhAsm uifr&mqdkwJh ypö n f ; av;uawmh &S d j rJ & S d a erS m jzpfygw,f/ OD;rsK;d (tkid w f -D tef;wdw)f (Newsweek r*¾Zif;rS ChristopherWerth \ Watching the Watchers

aqmif;yg;udk qDavsmaf tmif jyefqkad &;om;xm;ygw,f/)

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

49

NEW PRODUCTS Nikon D700 10.2 megapixel t&nftaoG;&SdwJh SLR trsKd;tpm; uifr&mav;jzpfw,f/ Nikon u xkwfvkyfwJhtxJrSm Professional vkyfief;orm;awGtwGuf wpfrsKd;wpfbmom qef;opfwJh feature awG xkwfay;EdkifwJh 'pf*spfw,f

uifr&m trsKd;tpm;jzpfw,f/ a&GUvsm;aewJh t&m0w¬Kwpfckudk pOfquf rjywf ½dkuf,lEdkifwJh vkyfcsuftygt0if auto focus 51 point yg0ifw,f/ Live View mode vnf; yg0ifjyD; self cleaning image sensor wpfck vnf; yg0ifwmrdkY pdwf0ifpm;p&m jzpfaeapw,f/ RAW continuous shooting udk b,fx&Dtm;eJY wpfpuúefYrSm frame aygif; 5 ck &,lEdkif w,f/ wu,fvdkY vQyfppfyg0gtm;udk toHk;jyKr,fqdk&if wpfpuúefYrSm frame aygif; 8 cktxd &Edkifapygw,f/ Wi-Fi pepfudkawmh optional tae eJY ay;xm;w,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;cswJhaps;u a':vm 3400 jzpfw,f/

Toshiba Qosmio G 50 Toshiba &JU aemufqHk;xkwf entertainment tqihf0if laptop wpfrsKd;vdkY qdk&ygvdrhfr,f/ xl;jcm;csufuawmh high-definition content awGudk cGihfjyKxm;ay;wmyJ jzpfw,f/ Optical twGuf Blu-ray drive udk wyfqifay; xm;w,f/ Display uvnf; HD resolution tjynfht0

Gear 4 Black Box 24/7 iPod dock tjzpf toHk;csEdkifr,fh pyDumpepfwpfck jzpfw,f/ 2 'or 75 vufrt&G,ftpm; pyDumESpfvHk;udk toHk;csxm;ay;jyD; wpfvHk;pDu 16W pD xkwfay;Edkifyg w,f/ iPod udk recharging vkyfay;Edkifovdk iPod twGuf sound box taeeJYvnf; toHk;csEdkifzdkY 'DZdkif; jyKvkyfxm;wm jzpfw,f/ 'ghtjyif alam clock wpfck taeeJY toHk;jyKEdkifao;ovdk FM radio taeeJYvnf; toHk;csEdkifygao;w,f/ em&DtwGuf LED display av;eJY jyoay;wmrdkY tifrwef acwfrD pwdkifusvSw,f/ Alarm twGufESpfMudrfudk rwlnDwJh tcsdefydkif;eJY cGJjcm;jyD; setting vkyfxm;Edkifygw,f/ 'DvdkyJ alarm toHxGuf yHkpHudkvnf; oHk;rsKd;&,lEdkifygw,f/ Buzzer eJY jzpfjzpf? iPod xJrS aw;*DwoHeJYjzpfjzpf? FM radio oHeJYjzpfjzpf Edk;Mum;zdkY EId;xm;ay;rSmjzpfw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u 85 a':vm jzpfw,f/

50

uGefysLwm*sme,f

&SdjyD; 18 'or 4 vufr t&G,ftpm; jzpfaeygw,f/ Toshiba u Qosnio G50 eJYtwl wpfjydKifeufwnf; *drf;orm;oHk; X300 Shark Red armf',fudkvnf; xkwfvkyfcJhwm awGU&w,f/ ESpfrsKd;vHk;twGuf hard disk awGu 640 GB xnfhay;xm;wmrdkY tHhrcef;p&m yrmPudk toHk;cscGihf &Muygvdrhfr,f/ Extertainment tqihfjzpfapzdkY RAM udkvnf; 8GB txd ay;xm;ygw,f/ Processor uvnf; Intel Quad Core jzpfwmrdkY qdkzG,f&m r&Sday/

Carphone Warehouse WebBook

Sony Cyber-shot C905

Elonex ukrÜPDxkwf mini laptop av; jzpfw,f/ Carphone Warehouse vkyfief;twGuf &nf&G,fjyD; xkwfvkyf ay;wmaMumifh Carphone warehouse webbook vdkY trnfay;cJhw,f/ 1.6 GHz Atom processor udk 512 MB RAM eJY aygif;pyf wyfqifjyD; vkyfudkif aqmif&Guf apw,f/ odkrSD;pepftwGuf 2GB Solid-stats flash udk wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ wu,fvdkY hard disk

tvGefjrifhrm;wJh resolution eJY xkwfvkyfay;cJhwm jzpfw,f/ Sony Ericsson &JU acwftrDqHk; armf',ftjzpf C905 u oufaocHjywJhoabm jzpfae apw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if Sony &JU Cyber-shot eJY Ericsson wdkYudk aygif;pyfxm; wJh armf',fvdkY qdk&rSm jzpfw,f/ Built-in Xenon flash wyfqif xm;jyD; 16 x digital zoom yg&Sdw,f/ Auto-focus eJY smart contrast wdkY yg0ifwJhtjyif image stabiliser vnf; xnfhay; vdkufygao;w,f/ tpif;tjcpf&m rxifapwJh 2 'or 4 vufrt&G,f mineral glass display av; wyfqifyg&Sdw,f/ qufoG,fa&;pepf twGuf band tjynfh&,lEdkifwJhtjyif MudK;rJhpepfvnf; toihfjzpfaeapw,f/ WayFinder GPS pepfeJY geo-tagging "mwfyHkawGudkvnf; zefwD;,lEdkifygw,f/ 2GB memory stick toifh yg&SdvmrSm jzpfw,f/ MP3 player tjzpfeJY oHk;Edkifovdk FM radio tjzpfvnf; toHk;csEdkifw,f/

yrmPMuD; MuD; tvdk&Sdw,fqdk&if 2 'or 5 vufr harddisk eJY ajymif; oHk;Edkifatmif toihf pDpOfjyD;om; jzpfw,f/ MudK;rJh qufoG,frIudk yHhydk;xm;ay;jyD; SD/ MSPro/MMC card awGtwGuf reader wpfck yg&SdvmrSm jzpfw,f/ tav;csdef u 1 'or 3 uDvdkyJ av;jyD; udk,fxnf ta&mif tjzL? teuf ESpfrsKd; &Edkifygvdrhf r,f/ WebBook &JU display t&G,ftpm; u 10 'or 2 vufr &Sdw,f/

Canon HF10 AVCHD

aeYpOf vlrIb0rSm toHk;csEdkifapzdkY txl;'DZdkif;eJY canon ukrÜPDu xkwfvkyfvmwJh camcorder av; jzpfw,f/ b,fvdk rSwfwrf;wif AD'D,dkrsKd;udkrqdk HD (highdefinitor) t&nftaoG;eJY &,lEdkifaprSm jzpfw,f/ ½kyfao"mwfyHkawG ½dkuful;r,fqdk&if 3.1 MP t&nftaoG;eJY &Edkifyg w,f/ ½dkufuGif; ½dkufcsuf MunfhzdkY 'Multi-angle Vivid LCD screen av; wyfqif

ay;xm;w,f/ 12 x digital zoom yg0ifwmrdkY ta0;u qJG,l ½dkuful;&mrSm yDyDjyifjyif &,lEdkifw,f/ Internal memory u 16 GB yrmP&SdwmrdkY 6 em&Dpm AD'D,dkawGudk ½dkuful;xnfhoGif; vdkY &w,f/ 'ghtjyif SD card slot

ygwmrdkY tydk aqmif; oD;jcm; odrk ;DS rItwGuv f nf; tqifajyoGm; apygw,f/

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

51

NEW PRODUCTS

Rapture Skulltrail Editions

MSI GX 620/GX720

Biohozard u

vlMudKuf rsm;vmwJhtavsmuf MSI uvnf; notebook armf',ftopftopfudk t&Sdef t[kef jr§ihfwifjyD; xkwfvkyfvm cJh&mrS yg0gtm;aumif;jyD; *drf;upm; EdkifwJhtqihf0if Laptops trsKd;tpm;taeeJY GX 620 eJY GX 720 wdkYudk xyfrH rdwfqufvmjyefygw,f/ GX 620 qdk&if 2008 ckESpf 'kwd,tMuD;qHk; enf;ynmjyyGJrSm taumif;qHk; notebook qk&cJhwJh armf',fjzpfw,f/ 6X 620 rSm 2.4GHz Intel Core 2 Duo P8600 processor eJYtwl 4GB-RAM eJY 512 MB Nvidia GeForce 9600 M GT graphics wdkYudk wyfqifxm;wJhtjyif Blu-ray playe/DVD barner xnfhxm;ay; w,f/ Display t&G,ftpm;u 15 'or 4 vufr &Sdw,f/ GX720 uawmh display t&G,ftpm; 17 vufr wyfqifxm;ay;jyD; processor udk 2.583 GHz Core 2 Duo P9500 wkdYudk ajymif;vJ xm;wmuvGJvdkY usefwm twlwlyJ jzpfw,f/

tvGefyg0gtm; aumif;wJh uGefysLwmwpfvHk;udk pm;yGJay:wifoHk;Edkifatmif 'DZdkif;jyK xkwfvkyfcJhw,f/ Core 2 Duo Extreme Qx 9775 CPU ESpv f ;kH udk jydKifqufjyKvkyfjyD; wyfqifxm;wmrdkY Right Core 3 vkyfaqmif&nfudk &apw,f/ tjcm;tpdwftydkif;awGudk Munfhr,fqdk&ifvnf; hard drive awG? optical drive awGeJY RAM option awG ajrmufjrm;pGm &Sdaeap w,f/ tpdwftydkif;wpfckcsif;&JU tiftm;awGuyif MuD;rm;wJh taetxm;&SdjyD; pGrf;aqmif&nfudk tjrihfqHk;&apzdkY t&wyfqifxm; ay;ovdk puftylcsdef jrihfrm;rI r&Sdap&eftvdkYiSm Cryosphere phase-change cooling system udk toHk;jyKxm;ay;w,f/ vkyfief; vkyfaqmifaecsdefrSmudk ice-cool temperature &Sdapr,fvdkY tmrcHxm; w,f/ Rapture Skulltrail Edition wpfvHk;&JU wefzdk;uvnf; a':vm 12000 jzpfygw,f/

52

uGefysLwm*sme,f

MSI notebook awGudk

VIA Artigo Pico-ITX PC Builder Kit VIA Technologies u

1 'or 8 _5 'or 9 _ 4 'or 3 t&G,f tpm;&SdwJh tvGefao;i,fwJh desktop uGefysLwmav;wpfvHk; qif,lEdkifzdkY xkwfvkyfvmwJh Artigo Pico-ITX PC Builder Kit jzpfw,f/ b,fae&mrSm qdk tHxnfh odk0Suf toHk;jyKvdkY&w,f/ PC Toner wpfckrSm&SdwJh 5 'or 25 vufrt&G,ftpm; bay wpfckxJrSmyif 0ifqHhr,fhtaetxm; &Sdw,f/ 2 'or 5 vufr t&G,ftpm;&Sd harddrive wpfckeJY 1.6 B xuf avsmhenf;wJh DDR2 SO-DIMM yg0ifr,f/ 1 GHz VIA C7 CPU udk wyfqif&r,f/ Intel jzpfjzpf? AMD jzpfjzpfawmh tH0ifcGifus toHk;jyKEdkif r,f r[kwfay/ Graphics twGufuvnf; VIA VX 700 udkyJ oHk;&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh t&G,ftpm;eJY avsmfnDwJh performance yJ &r,f qdkwmudk MudKwif od&Sdxm;&rSm jzpfw,f/ Optical driver rygay/ Case udk modify rvkyfbJ dongles awGawmh wyfqifEdkifvdrhfr,f r[kwfay/ owfrSwf a&mif;cswJh wefzdk;u 309 a':vmyJ &Sdygw,f/

NEW PRODUCTS

Motorola ROKR E8 ROKR E8 udk motorola u toGifopfwpfrsKd;eJY xkwfvkyfvmwmjzpfw,f/ t&if ROKR w,fvDzkef;awGrSm orm;½dk;us keypad av;awGudk oHk;cJhayr,fh 'DwpfMudrfrSm haptic keypad udk toHk;jyKxm;wm awGU&w,f/ w,fvDzkef;taeeJYoHk;rSmvm;? music twGuf oHk;rSmvm;? uifr&m twGuf oHk;rSmvm;ay: rlwnfjyD; 'pf*spfw,fpepfeJYtwl haptic surface udk morph vkyfay; w,f/ b,f mode udk oHk;rvJqdkwmtay: rlwnfjyD; oufqdkifwJh Keys Light awGeJY jyay;w,f/ Screen uvnf; touchpad yHkpHjyKjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh intuitive control awGeJY toHk;jyKEdkifwJh w,fvDzkef;vdkY ajym&rSm jzpfw,f/ w,fvDzkef;&JU tv,fwnfhwnfhrSm Fast Scroll Wheel yg&SdjyD; vdktyf&mudk ñTefjyay;Edkifw,f/ Niro SD card udk xnfhoGif; toHk;jyKEdkifjyD; 4GB yrmPtxd

toHk;csEdkifw,f/ bufx&Duvnf; tm;&p&maumif;vSw,f/wpfMudrftm;oGif;xm;&if 8 'or 5 em&Davmuftxd wpfqufwnf;toHk;jyKEdkifw,f/ Web surfing udkvnf; vkyfay;Edkifw,f/ avmavmq,f xkwfvkyfa&mif;csrIrSm T-Mobile service eJY oabmwl vkyfudkifay;rSmjzpfjyD; owfrSwfa&mif;cswJhaps;u 200 a':vmyJ usoihfygw,f/

Acer-Veriton 5461

LifeBook T5010/T1010

tao;pm;udk,fxnftdrf yHkpHjyKxm;jyD; vPro enf;ynmudk toHk;cscGihfay;xm;wJh jynfhpHkjyD; auseyfp&m aumif;vSwJh Veriton S461 qdkwJhyDpDav;udk Acer u 549 a':vmeJY owfrSwfjyD; xkwfvkyfa&mif;cscJhw,f/ aiGaMu;tajrmuftjrm;vnf; oHk;p&mrvdk/ 'DaeYxGufay:jyD;jzpfaewJh aqmhzf0J y½dk*&rfawGudkvnf; ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif toHk;csvdkwJh qE´udk jynfah pzdYk Pentium E2200 dual-Core CPU eJYtwl 2GB yrmP&Sw d hJ DDR 2 memory wdkYudk wJGzuf pDpOfay; xm;yHkav;u tifrwef ESpfoufp&m aumif;aeapw,f/ Small form factor PC jzpfwm aMumihfvnf; pm;yGJay:rSm vSvSyy oyfoyf&yf&yf wifxm;Edkifygw,f/ odkrSD;pepfawGtwGuf 80GB harddrive eJY DVD burner wdkYeJYtwl yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay; xm;ygw,f/

Tablet PC yHkpHjyK Fujitsu &JU lifebook T5010 eJY LifeBook T1010 armf',f ESpfrsKd;udk xl;xl;jcm;jcm;

54

uGefysLwm*sme,f

aps;uGufrSm wpfjydKifeufwnf; wifvmwm awGU& w,f/ ESpfckpvHk;udk Centrino 2 yvufazmif;ay: tajccH wnfaqmufxm;wm jzpfw,f/ Display t&G,ftpm;awGuvnf; 13 'or 3 vufr t&G,f tpm;awG &SdMuw,f/ T5010 uawmh V Pro qdkwJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;oHk; yHkpHrsKd;jzpfapr,fh enf;ynm yg0if xm;jyD; modular bay wpfckrSm optical drive jzpfjzpf? second battery jzpfjzpf wyfqifEdkifzdkY tcGihftvrf;ay;xm;w,f/ T1010 rSmawmh 'Dvdk tcGihf tvrf;rsKd; rygbJ optical drive wpfckudk tao wyfqifay;xm;wm awGU&w,f/ T5010 udk 1769 a':vmeJY a&mif;csjyD; T 1010 udk 1299 a':vmeJY a&mif;csrSm jzpfw,f/

NEW PRODUCTS

Asus Eee Box

t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh 1 vufr _8 'or 75 vufr _ 7 vufr t&G,ftpm; eJY bwf*suftqihf desktop PC ao;ao;av;udk Eee Box vdkY trnfay;jyD; xkwfvkyfcJhwmjzpfw,f/ tao;pm; Laptops Eee PC xkwf vkyfpOfu toHk;jyK cJhwJh 1.6GHz Intel Atom processor udkyJ toHk;jyKxm;wm awGU&w,f/ pm;yGJ ay:rSm ae&musOf;usOf;&Sdapovdk pwdkifusus'DZdkif;vnf;jzpfw,f/ avmavm q,f vnfywfrIpepftwGuf Windows XP home edition eJYyJ wGJzuf xkwfvkyfcJhw,f/ 1GB yrmP&SdwJh memory udk wyfqifxm;ay;jyD; odkrSD;pepf twGuf 80 GB hard drive udk wyfqifxm;w,f/ vQyfppfyg0goHk;pGJrI tvGef enf;yg;jyD; toHqlnHrIvnf; uif;ygw,f/ Linux pepfudk toHk;jyKvdkwJhtcg xnfhoGif;yg&SdvmwJh Express Gate trnf&SdwJh aqmhzf0Ju csufcsif;wifay; vdkufEdkifw,f/ owfrSwf a&mif;cswJhaps;u 349 a':vmjzpfw,f/ orm;½dk;us desktop PC awG&JU bwf*suftqihf0ifqdk&if a':vm 500 txuf jzpfaewmrdkY aps;EIef;eJYywfoufjyD; >cif;csufr&Sd vufcHp&mjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh overall performance taeeJYMunfhr,fqdk&ifawmh odyftm;&p&mraumif;vSay/ Optical drive rygovdk armfeDwmvnf; ygrvmay/ 'gayr,fh integrated graphics eJY integrated Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n) ygjyD; DVI port wpfck? USB ports av;ck? ethernet jack awG toihf yg&Sdvmygw,f/

Iomega Rev 120 GB Backup Drive

odrf;qnf;odkrSD;rIudpt ö 00awGudk oGm;&if; vm&if; vkyfudkifEdkifzdkY removable cartridge udk toHk;csjyD; vkyfudkifEdkifapzdkY pdwful;eJY Iomega u xkwfvkyfcJhwm jzpfw,f/ 0ifqHhrIyrmP 120 GB txd ay;xm;w,f/ orm;½dk;us external hard drive yHkpH 'grSr[kwf DAT vdk taps yHkpHrsKd;tjyif tjcm; toHk;jyKEdkifr,fh back up pepf wpfcktjzpf zefwD;ay;vdkufwmvdkYvnf; ajymEdkifw,f/ Drive eJY cartridge ESpfrsKd;vHk; twGJvdkuf wpfpHkpmudk a':vm 500 eJY a&mif;csay;w,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;MuD;awGudk vnfywf aqmif&GufaewJh sever wpfvHk;twGuf toHk;jyKEdkifr,fh Rev Server Backup kit udkvnf; a':vm 700 eJYvnf; a&mif;csay;ygw,f/ Sever Backup Kit rSmawmh cartridge ig;cktxd yg&SdvmrSm jzpfw,f/ jrefEIef;jrihfjrihfeJY backup vkyfay;Edkifw,f/ Retrospect Express backup aqmhzf0Judk vnf; wpfygwnf; yg&Sdvm w,f/ Desktop oHk; a':vm 500 wefudkyJ cartridge awG toihf jyifqifxm;jyD; expandable storage tjzpf zefwD;EdkifcGihf&Sdygw,f/ wpfOD;csif;twGuf wpfudk,fa&oHk; taetxm;eJY Munfh&if aps;EIef;MuD;w,fvdkY qdkEdkifygvdrhfr,f/

56

uGefysLwm*sme,f

NEW PRODUCTS

Poly X4800 Extreme

*drf;upm;vdkolawGtwGuf xdyfwef;usvSwJh gaming package wpfcktaeeJY &EdkifapzdkY Polywell ukrÜPDu pDpOf xkwfvkyfcJhw,f/ Poly X 4800 Extreme vdkY trnf ay;xm;w,f/ Intel Core 2 Extreme QX9770 processor eJYtwl 4GB yrmP&SdwJh DDR3 me-mory wdkY Nividia GeForce GTX 280 graphics card wdkYeJY wGJzuf armif;ESif vnfywfapw,f/ odkrSD;yrmP 300 GB (10000 rpm) &SdwJh harddrive udk ESpfckwGJjyD; wyfqifxm;ay;w,f/ 'Dvdkyg0g tiftm;aumif;aumif;eJY armif;wifay;orQudk tjynfht0 cHpm;EdkifapzdkY 24 vufr t&G,ftpm;&SdwJh LCD monitor eJY Logitech X 530 (5,1) pyDum pepfwdkYudkvnf; twlyg0ifvmrSm jzpfw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;uawmh 4799 a':vm &Sdaew,f/

Dell Studio Hybrid

Asus R700t

'DZdkif;vSvSyyeJY tpdrf;a&mif? teDa&mif? t0ga&mif? vdar®mf a&mif? tjyma&mif? teufa&mif udk,fxnfawGeJY &Edkifovdk 0g;udk,fxnfeJYvnf; &Edkifygw,f/ 'D Studio Hybrid udk 19 vufrt&G,f armfeDwmeJY Dell u wGJzuf xkwfvkyfay; r,fh owfrSwfa&mif;cswJhaps;u 874 a':vmyJ &Sdygw,f/ 2.1 GHz Core 2 Duo T 8100 processor eJYtwl 2 GB DDR2 RAM eJY 250 GB yrmP&SdwJh hard dirve wdkYudk wGJzufwyfqifxm;wJhtjyif optical twGuf DVD ± RW drive yg&SdvmrSmjzpfw,f/ *&yfzpftwGufuawmh integrated graphic udk toHk;csxm;w,f/ vnfywfpepf twGuf Windows Vista Home Premium udk toihfxnhf xm;w,f/ 3D game twGuf odyftm;&p&m raumif;vS ayr,fh Company of Heroes vdk *drf;rsKd;udk 4.6 fps EIef;xm;eJY upm;Edkif jyD; resolution 1280 x 1024 txd ay;Edkifygw,f/TV eJY wGJzuf toHk;jyKEdkifap r,fh HDM 1 port vnf; yg&Sdw,f/ MudK;rJh pepftwGuf 802.11 b/ g/n WiFi udk cGihfjyKxm; ay;w,f/ tm;enf; csufwpfckuawmh upgrade vkyfzdkY tcGihf tvrf; r&Sdoavmuf jzpfae&wmyJ jzpfw,f/

GPS Navigation device av;

58

uGefysLwm*sme,f

jzpfw,f/ tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;EdkifwJh 'DZdkif;yHkpHvdkY qdk&rSmjzpfw,f/ R 700 t av;xJrSm Tele Atlas map udk toihf xnfhay;vdkufw,f/ Thaffic message channel (TMC) service eJY wGJzuf oHk;EdkifzdkY pDpOfxm;wmjzpfwmrdkY real-time traffic update udk &Edkifw,f/ a'otvdkuf&SdaewJh service awGeJY wJGzuf oHk;Edkifr,fh tcGihftvrf;vnf; &Sdygao;w,f/ oGm;vdk&m ae&mudk xnfhoGif;vdkufwmeJY GPS pepfu c&D;pOftwGuf 3D map yHkpHeJY jyoay;rSmjzpfw,f/ wyfqifyg&SdvmwJh 4 'or 3 vufrt&G,f touch screen av;rSm 480 x 272 resolution eJY jrifawGUEdkifw,f/ toHk;0ifapr,fh t"du oGm;aeusae&mawGtwGuf PO1 pepfeJY toihf xm;&SdEdkifyg ao;w,f/ Text to speech function awmh rygay/ &Hzef&Hcg signal jywfawmufoGm;&ifvnf; csufcsif; tvdktavsmuf signal udk jyef&SmjyD; wifjyay;EdkifpGrf; &Sdygw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;cswJhaps;u 315 a':vm jzpfw,f/

Plustek Optic Book 4600

Plustek u xkwfvkyfwJh Optic Book 4600 u documents awGeJY "mwfyHkawGudk ydkifEdkifpGm scan vkyfay;EdkifwJh flatbed scanner wpfrsKd;jzpfw,f/ Setup vkyf&wm vG,fulw,f/ pmtkyfawGuae text awGudk zwf,lwJhtcg

wdwdusus oyfoyf&yf&yf&,lEdkifw,f/ pmtkyftaESmihfem; u text awGudkyif yHkrysuf zwf,lEdkifw,f/ scan zwf,lwJh tcsdefEIef;xm;uvnf; tvGefw&m jrefqefrI&Sdygw,f/ udk,fxnft&G,ftpm; tawmftoihf MuD;wmrdkY ae&mawmh ,lEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ 48-bit-color depth eJYtwl 1200 dpi resolution &atmif zwf,lEdkifw,f/ 300 dpi eJY umvm jzpfjzpf? tjzLtrnf;jzpfjzpf scan vkyfr,fqdk&if oHk;puúefY yJ tcsdef,lrSmjzpfw,f/ 8 x 10 vufr t&G,ftpm; a&mifpHk "mwfyHkwpfyHkudk scan zwf,lr,fqdk&ifawmh puúefY tenf;i,f ydkjyD;Mump&m taMumif;&Sdw,f/ Accuracy rate EIef;xm;udk ppfaq;MunfhwJhtcg 98 'or 8 &mcdkifEIef;txd &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh owfrSwfa&mif;aps; u 699 a':vmjzpfwmrdkY aps;EIef; MuD;jrihfvSw,fvdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/ USB flash memory device awGeJY wdkuf½dkuf scan vkyf odrf;,lcGihfvnf; ay;rxm;ygay/

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

59

NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON MSI-PR601 Notebook

MSI - N9400 GT-MD 512 graphic card Graphic engines u GeForce 9400 GT jzpfjyD;? bus standard u PCI Express x 162.0 jzpfw,f/ Memory yrmP 512 MB &Sdw,f/ 128 bit memory interface eJY vkyfudkifay;w,f/ Core Clock Speed u 550 MHz jzpfjyD; memory clock speed u 800 &Sdw,f/ 'pf*spf w,f "mwfyHkawGeJY? document awGeJY *drf;awGudk MunfhwJh tcg yHk&dyft&nftaoG; ydkjyD; aumif;rGefapzdkY MSI vivo enf;ynmudk oHk;xm;ay;w,f/ DVI, output eJY HDM , output awG toihfyg&SdjyD; HDTV, HDCP, HDMI eJY Dual-link DVI wdkYudkvnf; yHhydk; aqmif&Gufxm;w,f/ ydkjyD; xl;jcm;wmuawmh Direct X version eJY Open GL version awGudk yHhydk;ay;wmyJjzpfw,f/ tjrihfqHk; resolution 1920 x 1200 txd yHhydk;EdkifjyD; audio twGuf 8 channel CPCM pGrf;&nfudkvnf; xkwfay;Edkifygw,f/ Blu-ray disc awGeJY vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfapr,fh

pGrf;aqmifcsufawG trdt& aqmif&Gufay;w,f/ «tvdk&Sdygu 36 vrf;&Sd Smart Computer ta&mif;qdkifrSm 0,f,l &&SdEdkifygw,f/»

60

uGefysLwm*sme,f

ayghyg; yg;vTmaom udk,fxnfeJY vkyfief;oHk; trsKd;tpm; tqihf0if notebook trsKd;tpm; armf',ftopf PR 601 jzpfw,f/ Intel Core2 Dou vkyfief;pOfudk vkyfapjyD; GM 45 Express chipset udk toHk;csxm;wJh Intel Centrino 2 Processor qdkwJh enf;ynmudk wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ 1GB DDR2 memory udk wyfqifay;vdu k af yr,fh 4 GB yrmPtxd wdk;jr§ihfwyfqifcGihf &Sdw,f/ odkrSD;yrmP 160 GB &SdwJh hard dirve udk wyfqifxm;ayr,fh vdktyfvQif 250 GB jzpfjzpf? 520 GB jzpfjzpf option tjzpf rSmMum; 0,f,lEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/ *&yfzpftwGuf UMA graphic udk toHk;csxm;ay;w,f/ Display u 15 'or 4 vufr t&G,ftpm;&SdjyD; ACV trsKd;tpm;jzpfw,f/ DVD super multi drive eJY 1.3 M webcam wdkY toihf wyfqifyg&Sdvm wJhtjyif 3 in 1 (SD/mmc/ms) card reader vnf; yg&Sd w,f/ qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;pOftwGuf Gigabit Ethernet LAN eJY modem module yg&SdjyD; jzpfovdk 802.11b/g/n WLAN qdkwJh MudK;rJhpepfvnf; wyfqifxm;w,f/ Bluetooth pepfudkvnf; toHk;jyKEdkifw,f/ bufx&Du 6 ceall jzpfwmrdkY toHk;cHw,f/ «tvdk&Sdygu 36 vrf;&Sd Smart computer ta&mif;qdkifrSm 0,f,l&&SdEdkifygw,f/»

NEW PRODUCTS IN YANGON Gamer Monitor G24

*drf;orm;awGtaeeJY t&nftaoG;jynfh0wJh armfeDwmudkvnf; tvdk&Sdw,f aps;EIef;oihfavsmfrIudkvnf; vdkvm;w,fqdk&ifawmh Acer ukrÜPDu xkwfvkyfwJh Gamer monitor G 24 udk toHk;jyK&efom &Sdygawmhw,f/ jrefrmjynfaps;uGuftwGuf yxrqHk; 0ifa&mufvmwmjzpfw,f/ Display u 24 vufr t&G,ftpm;&SdjyD; wide crystal brite udk toHk;csxm;ay;w,f/ High-deferination tjynfht0 &&Sdapr,fh resolution 1920 x 1200 udk xkwfay;w,f/ Resperse time u 2ms &SdwmrdkY toHk;jyKolwdkY tMudKuf jzpfapw,f/ Contrast ratio uvnf; 50000:1 jzpfaew,f/ ab;abmifeJY txdkifwdkifawGu vnf; cdkifcHh pwdkifusvSygw,f/ *drf;upm;olawGtwGuf jyKvkyfxm;wJh armfeDwmqdkwmudk pm;yGJay: wifxm;½HkrQeJY odomxif&Sm; ay:vGifwJh 'DZdkif;eJY wnfaqmufxm;wmjzpfw,f/ «tvdk&Sdygu vrf;rawmfjrdKUe,f? urf;em;vrf;u a&Tvrif; e*g;qdkifrSm 0,f,l&&Sd Edkifygw,f/»

Acer Aspire 67700-Predator

acwftrDqHk;yHkpHeJY Brand PC udk vdkvm;ygw,fqdkwJh jrefrmjynf aps;uGuftwGuf Acer ukrÜPDu yxrqHk; cif;usif; rdwfqufvmwJh Power PC system wpfck jzpfygw,f/ Intel Core 2 Quad Processor Q9550 (2.83 GHz, 12 MB L2 cache, 1332 MHz FSB) udk toH;k csxm;jyD; Genuine Windows Vista Home Premium udk tqihfwifay;xm;w,f/ Nvidia nForc 780i SLI chipset eJY 4GB DDR 2 udk wGJzufxm;jyD; pGrf;aqmif&nfeJY t&nftaoG;awGudk tjrihfqHk;ay;xm;ovdk jzpfaew,f/ wu,fvdkY upgrade vkyfcsifao;w,fqdk&if 8GB (1066 FSB) txd wdk;jr§ihf wyfqifcGihf &Sdaeapw,f/ odkrSD;pepftwGuf 640 GB SATA (7200 rpm) hard drive wyfqifxm;ay;jyD; optical twGuf Blue Ray drive wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ Card aygif;pHk zwf,lEdkifwJh reader ygw,f/ wu,fvdkY odkrSD;pepfudk jr§ihfwifvdkao;w,fqdk&if 2e SATA ports ESpfckeJY 3 'or 5 vufrt&G,f HDD drive bays av;cku vnf; tqihf&Sdaeygao;w,f/ «tvdk&Sdygu vrf;rawmfjrdKUe,f urf;em;vrf;u a&Tvrif; e*g;qdkifrSm 0,f,l&&SdEdkifygw,f/»

62

uGefysLwm*sme,f

ASUS EN9800GTX Series

uwfrsm;

ASUS TOP pD;&D;uwfrsm;onf

Digital ESihf analog wDAGD tpDtpOfrsm;udk yDpED iS hf notebook wGif MunhEf ikd rf nfh ASUS My Cinema P-7131 Hybrid TV Tuner uwf Digital (DVB-T) eJY Analog (PAL/NTSC) wDADG

tpDtpOfrsm;udk Munfh½I rSwfwrf;wifxm;csifolawG twGuf ASUS trSwf wHqdyf PCI trsKd;tpm; My Cinema P7131 Hybrid uwfudk oHk;Edkifonf/ ¤if;wGif tqifhjrifh Philips TV Tuner ESifh Decoder udk oHk;xm; onf/ wDADGtpDtpOf Munhfjcif;? owif;em;axmifjcif;? urÇmh rdk;av0oowif;rsm; em;axmifjcif;? tqdkyg owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk zrf;,l odrf;qnf;xm;jcif;? "mwfyHkESifh AD'D,dkrsm; a&G;cs,fjcif;? FM, MP3 oDcsif; em;axmifjcif;? udk,fydkif½kyf&Sif jyKvkyfjcif;? VCD, DVD jyKvkyfjcif; ponfwdkYudk uwfu aqmif&Gufay;Edkifonf/ ASUS VideoSecurity Online enf;ynmudk oHk;xm;jyD; tdrfwGif; vHkjcHKrIpepfwpfckudk zefwD;xm;Edkifonf/ ta0;xdef;cvkwfESifh tpDtpOfrsm;udk aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ xdkYtjyif 'Live' wDADGtpDtpOfrsm;udk acwå &yfem;xm;Edkif jyD; aemufydkif;rS qufvuf Munfh½IEdkifonf/ Digital TV Tuner input, Analog TV Tuner input, IR sendor input, Video-in & Video-out wdkY

yg0ifygonf/ «tvdk&Sdygu vrf;rawmfjrdKUe,fu Golden Power Technology ta&mif;qdkifrSm 0,f,l &&SdEdkifygw,f/»

urÇmay:&dS tjrefqHk;ESifh pGrf; tm;taumif;qHk; uGefysLwm*&yfzpfuwfrsm;ESifh wef;wljzpfonf/ R&D ESifh PM tqifhjrifh tif*sifeD,m rsm;udk,fwdkif a&G;cs,fay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;*&yfzpfuwfrsm;wGif - ASUS EN9800GTX+ TOP/HTDI/512M - ASUS EN9800GT TOP/HTDP/512M - ASUS EN9500GT TOP/DI/512M [lí oHk;rsKd; xkwfvkyfxm; onf/ tjrefEIef; jrifhrm;jyD; txl;ojzifh xdyfwef; *drf; pGrf;aqmif&nfudk &&dS cHpm;Edkifygonf/ «tvdk&Sdygu vrf;rawmfjrdKUe,fu Golden Power Technology ta&mif;qdkifrSm 0,f,l

&&SdEdkifygw,f/»

ASUS Striker II Extreme motherboard ASUS \ MudK;yrf;rI wpfcktjzpf Striker II Extreme mother-board udk rdwfquf xkwfvkyf xm;onf/ wnfjidrfrI taumif;qHk;ESifh tjrifhqHk; CPU clock speed? trsm;wum xuf omvGefaumif;rGef onfh High-speed memory axmufyhHrI? tedrfhqHk; VRM (Voltage Regulation Module) rsm;\ tylcsdef ponfh pGrf;aqmif&nf

taumif;qHk;[k trsm; axmufcHxm;onfh ypönf; jzpfonf/ 'Best of Tom's Hardware 2008'

qkwHqdyf csD;jr§ifhjcif;cH&onfh motherboard trsKd;tpm; vnf; jzpfonf/ «tvdk&Sdygu vrf;rawmfjrdKUe,fu Golden Power Technology ta&mif;qdkifrSm

0,f,l &&SdEdkifygw,f/»

Ed0k ifbm? 2008 63

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Bloggers' guide tcktcg rdrdwdkYtvdk&SdwJh taMumif;udpeö JY ywfoufwJh blog wpfckudk &SmazG MunfhzdkYqdkwm rcJ,Of;vSawmhyg/ Technorati qdkwJh blogtracking servic &JU tqdkt& active weblogs aygif; oef; 70 avmuf &SdaejyDvdkY od&ygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh blog qdkwm aysmf&Tif csrf;ajrhzG,f&mawG&Sdaeovdk qufoG,faqmif&GufzdkY tvG,fulqHk; enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfaevdkYygyJ/ &v'faumif;awGawmif &Edkifaumif; ygvdrhfr,f/ Blogger eJY Type Pad vdk blogging service tcsKdUrSm tvdktavsmuf aMumfjimarmif;xkay;EdkifwJh tool awG yg0ifxm;ay;jyD; rdrd site tay:u taMumif;awGudk tajccHjyD; xkwfjyefrIawG vkyfEdkifygw,f/

66

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG uwpfqihf aiGydkYay;Edkifatmif vnf; pDpOf,lEdkifw,f/ wpfenf;ajym& &if rdrdudk,fwdkif aMumfjimwifay;jyD; aMumfjimc awmif;cH,lEdkifapwJh yHkpHrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ Blogging vkyi f ef;pOfukd pdwrf 0if pm; tav; rxm; onfh wdkif tool tajrmuftjrm;udk prf;oyfo;kH pGcJ iG fh &Edik f apygvdrhfr,f/ 'gayr,fh blogging service wdkif;uawmh 'Dvdktaetxm; &SdcsifrS &SdEdkifygr,f/ Blogger yHkpH tae txm;trsKd;rsKd;eJY tH0ifcGifus jzpfapjyD; music awG game awG headlive awGeYJ twl rdrd&JU blog udk pdwfMudKuf ûyjyif ajymif;vJapEkdifr,fh add-ons 13 rsKd; vnf; ygaewJh online service 5 ckay: awGU&SdorQudk wifjyay;vdkufygw,f/ PayPal

vlwikd ;f twGuf blog wpfck wcsKdU blogger awGu web wpf ckv;kH tay:u blog awGeYJ tpOfwpf pdu k f quf o G , f r I &S d a ecJ h w J h t cg &yf e m; vdkYr&wJh taetxm;eD;eD; jzpfoGm; Muw,f/ rdrdu multiple blog blogger wpfOD;jzpfaer,fqdk&if platform tawmftrsm;rsm;udk toHk;jyKxm;jyD; vnfywfaewJh tajctae jzpfygvdrhf r,f/ 'gaMumihfrdkY rwlnDwJh service awGu rwlnDwJh tm;tifawG &SdoGm;ap w,f/ rdrdzefwD;csufawG&JU yHkpH trsKd; tpm;twG u f taumif ; qH k ; tae txm;eJY vkyu f ikd af y;r,fh wpfcck u k kd a&G; cs,fzdkY tcGihftvrf; &SdoGm;jyefw,f/ Service tcsKdUu ½dk;&Sif; vG,fulpGm toHk;jyKEdkifa&;udk cGihfjyKxm;MujyD; usef service awGuawmh business blogs 'grSr[kwf social network awGqDudk qJGac:oGm;wJh tqihftxd wdk;jr§ihf aqmif&Gufay;EdkifpGrf; &Sdygw,f/

Tumblr qdw k m oGm;&if;vm&if; posting blog awGukd xnfo h iG ;f ay;zdYk &nf&, G f aqmif&Guw f Jh service jzpfw,f/ Blogger qdw k mu ½d;k &Si;f rItwGuf a&TU standard tjzpf wnf&adS ejy;D

toHk;jyK&vnf; vG,fulygw,f/ Personal blog twGuf rdr&d UJ blog udk *sme,fwpfapmifvkd

xm;&SdvdkwJh qE´&SdcJh&if rdrd&JU awG;ac: ,lqcsufawGeJY aeYpOf rdrdbmom awG; awm aumufcsucf sxm;wmawGukd rQa0 ay;EdkifwJhae&mrSm &Sdae&rSm jzpfw,f/ a&SUueOD;ydkif;u push-button publishing jzpfwhJ Blogger (blogger. com) toH k ; jyK& rvG , f u l a o;ay/ Blogger rwdkifcif blog awG tm;vHk; avmufeD;eD;u udk,fydkif code awGeJY a&;,lMu&w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvdk vkyf udkifMu&wJh umvu odyfrMumvdkuf ay/ Blogger uawmh tcktcsdefxd gold standard tjzpf t½d;k &Si;f qH;k yHp k eH YJ &yfwnfvsuf &Sdaeygao;w,f/ vG,fvG,fav;eJY vkyfEdkifw,fvdkY

qd&k rSmjzpfw,f/ rdrrd mS Gmail address wpfck jzpfjzpf Google account wpfck jzpfjzpf&Sdae&if pvdkY&ygjyD/ wu,fvdkY r&SdcJh&ifawmh Blogger &JU home page rSm sing up vkyfr,lzdkY vdkw,f/ account wpfck &vdkufwmeJY rdrd&JU blog udk acgif;pOfwpfck ay;Edkifw,f/ jyD;&if URL wpfckudk Blogspot ay:u a&G; cs,f,l&r,f/ Blogger's free hosting service taeeJY jzpfw,f/ wu,f vdkY ydkjyD; vkyfcsifw,fqdk&if blog udk rdru d , kd yf ikd f domain qDukd ajymif;,lEikd f w,f/ rdrd&JU blog ud k customising twGuf setting tab &JUatmufrSm options awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&Sw d ,f/ om"u taeeJY main page ay:rSm post trsm;

Ek0d ifbm? 2008

67

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG tjym;udk b,fvdk a&G;,lEdkifrvJ qdkwm &,f? xifjrif ,lqcsufay;EdkifolawG twGuf enf;vrf; pnf;urf;awGudk csay;Edkifwm&,fudk jy&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'Dhtjyif Template tab eJYvnf; font awG colour awGudk pDrHEdkifw,f/ 'DZdkif; opfjzpfjzpf rdr&d UJ ud, k yf ikd f code xnfzh Ykd vnf; a&G;cs,f,lEdkifao;w,f/ Blogskins.com vdk site awGrSm ready-made template awGudkvnf; &,lEikd w f ,f/ rdr&d UJ template twGi;f rSm blogger &JU qDavsmfoihfjrwfwJh posting tag awG ygwm aocsmrSjzpfw,f/ 'grSr[kw&f if rdrd site u rSerf eS u f efuef jzefYcsdzYkd rvG,v f yS gbl;/ rSeu f efwhJ format &Sad pzdYk tinyurl.com/6 h4uk7 qdw k hJ site udk 0ifa&muf Munfh½I&ygvdrhf r,f/ Text awGtwGuf format cswmwdYk Link awG xnfh,lwmwdkYtwGuf ½dk;½dk;wef; wef; vG,u f &l iS ;f vif;wJh tool udk toH;k cszdkY rdrdwdkYtaeeJY firefox 'grS r[kwf Safari wdkYvdk browser &Sdae&ygvdrhf r,f/ aumif;aumif;xJu aemufwpfck u Automattic &JU WordPress (word press.com) yJ jzpfw,f/ Word Press u Blogger xuf template a&G;cs,f a&;rSm us,fus,fjyefYjyefY &Sdaew,f/

rdrdtaeeJY &Sif;vif;wJh vdkif;awGeJY ta&mifESpfckavmufygwJh template u ae acwfopf yef;csDjywdkufwpfckvdk abmf'g 'DZdkif;awGeJY zefwD;vkyfudkifay; EdkifwJh template txd a&G;cs,fEdkifcGihf &Sdw,f/ WordPress taeeJY Akismet eJY twl comment spam awG&efu tum tuG,jf yKay;Edik rf ,fh tajccH t&Htwm; awGuv kd nf; cGijfh yKay;xm;ygao;w,f/ rdrv d yk u f ikd rf I uoduatmuf rjzpf&av k hJ atmif Junk filter awGukd Akismet qdw vkyfief;u ppfxkwfay;w,f/ wu,f vdkY cRwfacsmfjyD; crack vkyfrIawG &Sdvm &if rdrd site uae spam taeeJY trSwf tom;jyxm;wJh comment awGukd click vkyf&if; armif;xkwfypfEdkifygvdrhf r,f/ wpfESpfudk 8 a':vmavmuf ay;oGif; jyD; rdrdudk,fydkif domain eJYtwl jzefYcsd EdkifzdkY wordPress blog jzpfvmcGihf &Sdae w,f/ business blog twGuf rdrd&JU blog udk abmifcwfxm;jyD;

vkyu f ikd v f w kd ,fq&kd if txl;ojzifh rdr&d UJ blog udk rdr& d UJ pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&yf wpf cktjzpf toHk;csvdkw,fqdk&if Six A port &JU Type Pad (typepad.com) udk

Vox qdw k mu blog entrie awGukd uefo Y wfjy;D access vkyEf ikd af pzdYk

aqmif&Guv f yk u f ikd af y;w,f/

68

uGefysLwm*sme,f

ud, k af &;oD;oefx Y m;&Sjd cif; blogging platform trsm;pkeJY

twl rdrdtvkyfudk vlod&SifMum; 0efaqmifrI wpfckudk a&G;cs,f,lEdkifw,f/ 'gay r,fh rdrdemrnfjzpfjzpf? rdrdukrÜPD jzpfjzpf ½dk;&Sif;wJh Google search wpfcku rdrd blog udk tvG,fwul 0ifvmaeEdkifqJ jzpfygw,f/ aemifawGUvmr,fh tvkyf&SifawG&JU rsufpdudk jrifom xifom jzpfEdkifajc vnf; &Sdapygw,f/ ydkjyD; qifjcif a&;om;&r,fh taMumif;t&mawG twGuf rdrdrdwfaqGtwGufjzpfjzpf? rdrdrdom;pktwGuf jzpfjzpf zwf½IEdkif apr,fh blog wpfckudk set up vkyf,l Edik w f ,f/ Vox (vox.com) eJY (Live Journal (livejournal.com) vdk Community-oriented service awG u authorised version twGufom jzpfapr,fh rdrd&JU post awGtjzpf uefYowf aqmif&Gufay;w,f/ wu,fvdkY 'Dvdk option rsKd; ryHhydk;wJh service qDudk oGm;r,fqdk&if rdrd&JU ukrÜPDudkyJjzpfjzpf? rdrdtrnfudkyJ jzpfjzpf azmfjyray;zdkY puwnf;u ay:vpD jyKvkyfxm;&rSm jzpfw,f/ MunfhMunfhyg/ 'D service u blogger wdkY? wordPress wdkYxuf ydkjyD; flexible &Sdygw,f/ jzpfxGef; MuD;xGm;vm Edkifa&;twGuf blog room ay;xm;rSm jzpfw,f/ MSNBC wdkY? Time wdkY? wired wdkY tygt0if professional media outlet awmf a wmf r sm;rsm;u olwdkY&JU weblog awG twGuf 'Dvdk tcsufawGtay: trSDjyK tm;xm; vkyf udkifaeMuwm jzpfw,f/ TypePad u vlwdkif; tcrJh 0if a&mufMunfh½IcGihf ray;ygbl;/ tajccH tqihftaeeJY wpfvudk av;a':vm

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG avmufeYJ pwif yg0ifciG afh y;avh&w dS ,f/ Single blogger wpfOD;twGuf blog wpfckudk &,lapjyD; multiple authors &mxm;rItwGuf wpfvudk 29 a':vm avmuf ay;oGif;Mu&w,f/ tuefY towf r&SdwJh blog awG &,lEdkifw,f/ Bandwidth eJY storage space vnf; wpfyHkwpfyif ay;xm;wwfw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;oHk;twGuf qdkwJh &nf&G,fcsufxm;ay;wJh TypePad \ feature wpfckuawmh static page awG taeeJY setup vkyf,lapw,f/ Oyrm tm;jzifh home page wpfck 'grSr[kwf bio page wpfckudk rdrd&JU blog's theme

udkufnDr,fh 'DZdkif;zefwD;xm;ay;w,f/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ rdrd&JU blog &JU layout tay: r,HkMunfavmufwJh xdef; csKyfrIrsKd;udk &,lapw,f/ csufcsif;qdk ovdk colum trsm;udk cs,lEdkifw,f/ tao;pdwaf wGukd sidebar taeeJY b,f nmcGjJ yD; xm;&Scd iG afh y;w,f/ rmvfwD rD'D ,m MuD;rm;wJh blogs awGtwGuf Type Pad u "mwfyHk 'grSr[kwf AD'D,dkawGeJY cif;jyay;wJh mixed-media layout yHkpH rsKd;udk a&G;cs,fcGihfjyKxm;wwfw,f/ Type Pad &JU comment spam tumtuG , f a y;rI u blogger wd k Y WordPress wdkYxuf ydkjyD; xdxda&muf

rdru d , kd yf ikd f domain wpfck rdrd blog eJYtwl 0ifaiG &Smcsifw,fqdk&if rdrdudk,fydkif web address wpfckawmh &Sdxm;&rSm jzpfw,f/ rdrdudk,fydkif domain ay:udk blogging vkyfzdkYtwGuf pDpOfr,fqdk&if setup vkyfief;pOf tawmftoihf&SdaewmeJY tcsdef,l vkyfudkif& w,f/ FTP uwpfqihf rdrdydkif server qDudk publiship vkyfjcif;yHkpHeJYjzpfjzpf? domain mapping vkyfwJh yHkpHeJY jzpfjzpf vkyfudkif&ygvdrhfr,f/ Google &JU blogger eJY iweb eJY Repid weaver wdkYvdk desktop blogging y½dk*&rfawGu FTP u wpfqihf rdrd domain qDudk publishing vkyfwJh yHhydk;rI awG &SdMuw,f/ 'gawG vkyfudkifzdkY rdrdrSm vHkavmufwJh server space &SdzdkY ta&;MuD;ygw,f/ wjcm; wpfzufuvnf; WordPress wdkY Type Pad wdkYeJY Tumblr wdkYtm;vHk;u domain mapping udk toHk;jyKMuw,f/ qdkvdkwmu rdrd&JU custom URL u rdrd blog qDudk twdtus ñTef;xm;ay;wmrsKd;? ajryHkcs ay;xm;wmrsKd; jzpfw,f/ awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSmawmh 'Dvdkudpaö wGudk rdrd domain 0,fwJhtcguwnf;u register eJY vkyfudkifxm;jyD; jzpfMuw,f/ Service eJY Register wpfckpDrSm vkyfudkifyHkcsif; tenf;i,fpDuGmjcm;wm awGU&SdEdkifygw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf rdrdtoHk;jyKEdkifzdkY twwfEdkifqHk; tqifajyajy vkyfxm;ay;avh &SdMuygw,f/ rdrd blog udk publish vkyfzdkY sub-domain wpfckjzpfjzpf? folder wpfckjzpfjzpf set up vkyfzdkYaumif;wJh pdwful;pdwfoef; &SdMuw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY yoursitename.com vdkY jyoay;½Hk oufoufr[kwfbJ your sitename.com/ blog vdkY xm;ay;wmrsKd; &Sdygw,f/ Domain wpfckwnf;ay:rSm rdrd blog oufoufxuf wjcm; publish material awGudk cGihfjyKay;xm;wJh oabm jzpfw,f/ tao;pdwf avhvmvdkw,fqdk&if site wpfckpD&JU domain-mapping FAQ paper awGrSm avhvmEdkifygw,f/ WordPress twGuf tinyurl.com/ yoa4jw udk jzpfjzpf? TypePad twGuf tinyurl.com/5zavwk udk jzpfjzpf Tumblr twGuf tinyurl/283 otb udk jzpfjzpf Blogger twGuf tinyurl.com/ 2814xm udk jzpfjzpf 0ifMunfhEdkifw,f/

70

uGefysLwm*sme,f

a&muf us,u f s,jf yefYjyefY &Sad eapw,f/ csufcsif;qdo k vdk cGijfh yKay;xm;wJo h al wG twGuf oD;jcm;jzpfjzpf? code wpfck twGif; ½dkufoGif;,lEdkifolawGtwGuf oD;jcm;jzpfjzpf uefYowfay;vdkufEdkifwJh tcGit fh vrf;&Sw d ,f/ Commenter awGeYJ report spammer awGudk csufcsif; ydwf ,lEdkifw,f/ TypePad &JU tMuD;rm;qHk; tm; enf ; csuf u tech support tqif h twef;yJ jzpfw,f/ wu,fvYkd jyóem wpfpHkwpf&m &SdvmcJh&if tajz&Sm& cuf w,f / Knowledge base twG i f ; toihf&EdkifcJhw,f/ Community blog twGuf Six Apart tjyif Vox (vox.com) qdkwJh tjcm; blogging service wpfck &Sdygao;w,f/ 'Dvkyfief;uawmh multimedia eJY social-networking feature

awGtay: tm½Hkxm;p&m vkyfief;om jzpfw,f/ Like-minded community wpfckeJY vuf yGef; w wD; jzpf ae zdkY taumif;qHk; service wpfck jzpfyg w,f/ rdwfaqGtkyfpkawGeJY ½dk;½dk;wef; wef; pmay;pm,lvkyfzdkYaumif;wJh ae&m wpfckvnf; jzpfw,f/ Vox ay:rSm blog wpfckudk set up vkyf,lwJhtcg 'DZdkif;yHkpHaygif; &mcsD &Sad e&muae a&G;cs,af umuf,El ikd w f ,f/ pufb;D jydKifyv JG ?kd aw;*DwoDcsi;f vd?k c&D; oGm;zdkYudpv ö dk wpfoD;wjcm; pdwf0ifpm; p&mawGudk yHkusyef;usjzpfapzdkY theme awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &SdaerSm jzpfw,f/ jrdKUawG? EdkifiHawGeJY ywfoufvdkY &moD OwktajctaeawGutp? tm;vyf&uf awGutp yg0ifzUJG pnf;rIawG &Sad eygvdrfh r,f/ Layout option awG awmfawmf rsm;rsm; &SdaerSm jzpfayr,fh Blogger wdkY TypePad wdkYeJYawmh rwlygav/ 'DZdkif;eJY Layout awGtwGuf tvHk;pHk

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG jynfh0rIawmh r&SdEdkifay/ 'ghtjyif Vox u rdrd&JU udk,fydkif server qDudk publish vkyz f Ykd cGirfh jyKxm;ay/ X.vox.com naming scheme eJYtwl pGJuyfxm; w,f/ rdrdtaeeJY post topfwpfckudk zefwD;wJhtcg "mwfyHkawG audio awG xnfhzdkY pmtkyfawGeJY AD'D,dkawG jznfh qnf;zdkY cvkwfawG jrif&ygvdrhfr,f/ AD'D,dkudk click vkyfvdkufw,f qdkygpdkY/ Vox u rdrd yDpu D ae AD', D kd topfwpfck udk upload vkyf,lapygvdrhfr,f/ 'grS r[kwf youtube qDu wGJxnfhay;vdrhf r,f/ ½kyf&SifawG a&G;cs,fzdkYjzpfjzpf? ydpk wmxnfzh Ykd yJ jzpfjzpf? DVD 0,f,zl Ykd link wpfckeJY csdwf,lzdkY jzpfjzpf Amazon tab wpfckvnf; xm;ay;ygao; w,f/ Image awG udpq ö &kd if rdru d , kd yf ikd f image awGudk upload vkyfEdkifovdk iStockphoto u stock image wpfcu k kd vnf; &SmazG,El ikd w f ,f/ 'grSr[kwf Vox u Flicker u jzpfjzpf? Photobucket u jzpfjzpf yHak wG qJ, G al y;vdrrfh ,f/ Vox u rdrd&JU post xJrSm tJ'DyHkawGudk jr§Kyf xnfah y;rSm jzpfw,f/ rdrt d aeeJY "Contacts" vdYk yJ jzpfjzpf Vox &JU toH;k tEIe;f t& "Neigh bors" vdkYyJ jzpfjzpf rdwf aqG w d k Y ? rd o m;pk 0 if w d k Y 'grS r [k w f rdom;pka&m? rdwaf qGa&mtm;vH;k twGuf ae&mcsxm;ay;Edkifygw,f/ rdrd&JU post udk 0ifMunfh½Hkoufoufvnf; zefwD; xm;&SdEdkifw,f/ olwdkYqDu upload vkyfvdkwJh t&mawGudkvnf; vufcH aqmif&Gufay;Edkifw,f/ Mobile blog twGuf

vG,u f &l iS ;f vif;rIt&Sq d ;kH &zdYk Tumbir (tumbir.com) zGihfMunfhvdkufr,f qdk&if publishing service wpfcktae eJY tumblelog awGtwGuf 'DZdkif; vkyf

72

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Blogger twGuf widget wpfck xnfzh ?Ykd 'D option av;udk ½d;k &Si;f pGm a&G;,ljy;D copyand-paste yHpk eH JY oufqikd &f m code twGi;f xnfah y;vdu k yf g/

xm;ygw,f/ tumblelog qdkwmu tvsiftjref xdEdkifzdkYtwGuf 'DZdkif; vkyf xm;wJh blog yHkpHtrsKd;tpm; wpfck jzpf w,f/ post wdkwdkeJY &&? "mwfyHkawGeJY awGUawGU? AD'D,dkawG web link awGeJY && t&,ljcif;eJY tvsiftjref xdEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&&if text entries awGxuf xdrdapygw,f/ 'Dvdk enf;eJY mobile phone ay:uae posting twGuf jyKvkyfay;wJhoabm jzpf w,f/ rdrd&JU email address eJY password udk xnfo h iG ;f jyD; rdrd &nf&, G x f m; wJh web address udk xnfhay;vdkufwm eJY jzefYa0zdYk tqifoihf jzpfaejyDjzpfw,f/ (aemufyikd ;f rSm rdr&d UJ domain udk ajymif; xnfhEdkifygw,f/) Posting wufvmwJhtcg text wdkY photo wdkY quotes wdkY Links wdkY chat transcript wdkYeJY video wdkY tygt0if entry yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;awGtwGuf cvkwf awGukd jrifawGUMu&ygvdrrfh ,f/ Tumblr uvnf; Flicker vdk? YouTube vdk?

Digg vdk? Delicious vdk? Twitter vdk? Vox vdk? Blogger vdk? Live Journal wdkYvdk source trsKd;rsKd;uae feed awG

udk wifoGif;vdkY &ygw,f/ awmfawmf rsm;rsm;udpaö wGrSm content awGukd wif oGif;,lwJhtcg entry tjynfhjzpfjzpf? rlv post udk tcsdefra&G; jyefoGm;EdkifwJh links awGudkjzpfjzpf ESpfoufovdk a&G; cs,f,lEdkifw,f/ RSS Feed wpfckudk vnf; import vkyf,lEdkifao;wJhtjyif Tumblr u rdrd&JU blog udk publish vkyfay;ygvdrhfr,f/ rdrd toHk;jyKwJh w,fvDzkef;uae blog ud p ö aqmif & G u f v d k y govm;? Tumblr u tD;ar;vfuwpfqihf entries awGudk ay;ydkY,lEdkifygw,f/ Twitter-style observation wd k Y awG e J Y uifr&mzkef;eJY ½dkuful;vdkY &orQawGudk tvsiftjref upload wifay;vdkufvdkY &ygw,f/ Tumblr taeeJY post wpfck twGif; text awG "mwfyHkawGudk yHkpHus csxm;ay;jyD; wpfrsKd;wpfbmom xl; jcm;aewJh e-mail address qDodkYvdkY

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG message

wpfckudk ydkYay;vdkuf½HkyJ jzpf

w,f/ 'Dvdk vkyfudkifEdkifwmu xl;jcm;wJh feature wpfckawmh r[kwfay/ txuf rSmqdkcJhjyD;ovdk services trsm;pku oGm;&if;vm&if;u post vkyfvdkY &Muyg w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvdk oGm;&if;vm&if; aqmif&Guf,l&wJh txJrSm Tumblr u tm;vHk;xuf ydkjyD; tqifajyapEdkifyg vdrhfr,f/ Widget awGeYJ xl;qef;axGvmurÇm b,folrqdk web page wpfckay: rSm pictures awGjzpfjzpf? text awG

jzpfjzpf avQm0ifomG ;vdYk &Edik w f ,f/ 'Dvkd vkyfaqmifxm;wJh t&mwpfckudk blog wpfckvdkY ac:Muw,f/ vlawG yHkrSef 0ifMunhaf vmufwhJ blog wpfck jzpfvmzdYk qdw k mawmh vG,u f w l t hJ &mawmh r[kwf ay/ pdw0f ifpm;p&m jzpfvmapr,fh enf; vrf ; wpf c k u awmh widget awG u d k toHk;cs,lwmyJ jzpfw,f/ Widget qdkwm y½dk*&rf ao;ao; av; wpfckvdkY qdk&rSm jzpfw,f/ vuf awGUuswJh toHk;0ifapr,fh t&mawGudk xnfhoGif;jyD; rdrd&JU blog udk wpfrsKd; wpfbmom xl;jcm;pGm toHk;0ifapr,fh yHpk t H oGiu f kd ajymif;ay;Edik w f hJ y½d*k &rfvYkd qdk&rSm jzpfw,f/ csufcsif; qdkovdk widget wpfcu k rdr&d UJ "mwfyakH wG RSS feed awGudk cif;jyay;Edkifw,f/ aemuf ydik ;f rSm em;axmifzYkd oDcsi;f awG? aw;*Dw awGudk pm&if;vkyfay;xm;Edkifw,f/ rdrd

oGm;vnfywfr,fh ae&mtwGuf maps awG toihfjyifay;xm;Edkifw,f/ Widget rsm; xnfo h iG ;f ,ljcif; rdrd blog xJukd widgets awG xnfh

zdkYqdkwm a,bk,soabmt& tcuf tcJr&Sd aqmif&GufEdkifrSm jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumihrf Ykd wcsKdU service awGu olwYkd ud, k yf ikd f vkyif ef;pOfav;awGeYJ twl ydjk yD; vG,v f , G u f u l l vkyu f ikd Ef ikd zf Ykd aqmif&u G f pDrHxm;wwfygw,f/ WordPress qd& k if calender widget wpfckeJY cGihfjyKxm;ay;w,f/ Flicker widget awGeYJ wjcm; widgets awG udk rdrd blog xJ xnfhEdkifzdkY tqifoihf vkyfxm;ay;wJhoabm jzpfw,f/ wpfck udk install vkyfawmhr,fqdk&if Presentation Link udk yxra&G;vdkufjyD; rdrd toHk;jyKvdkwJht&mudk rdrd blog ay: a&mufatmif drag-and-drop pepfeJY vkyfudkifEdkifw,f/ TypePad rSm qdk&if ydkjyD; us,f us,fjyefYjyefY a&G;cs,fciG fh &Sw d ,f/ daily cocktail yHkoP²mefrsKd;eJY cif;usif; jyo xm;avh&SdwJh Google calender wpfck u ay;xm;wJh widget rsKd;awGtxd &,lEikd w f ,f/ Design tab udk click vkyf jyD; Widget Gallery udk &Sm,l&w,f/ rdrMd udKufEpS o f ufwmudk a&G;vdu k w f t hJ cg Type Pad u rdr& d UJ blog rSm &Sw d hJ sidebar xJudk tvdktavsmuf xnfhay; vdkufw,f/ wu,fvdkY 'D services wpfckckudk

toH;k rjyKcJ&h ifvnf; rdrd site xJukd widget awG xnfh,lvdkY &ygw,f/ wcsKdU widget awGu ay:jyLvm jzpfaewJh service awGtwGuf tvdktavsmuf install vkyf,lEdkifr,fh option wpfck ygvmwwfw,f/ 'DvdkrS r[kwf&if vnf; widget &JU code udk ul;,lEdkifzdkY vdkygvdrhfr,f (rdrdtwGuf rSefuefwJh code a&G;ay;r,fh button wpfck ygvm pjrJ jzpfw,f) jyD;&if rdrd blog &JU template ay: paste vkyf,lvdkuf&w,f/ Pages wdkif;vdkvdkay:rSm toihf &Sd aewwfwJh blog &JU sidebar twGif; widgets awGudk ae&mcsxm;wm wdk awmif;w,fvdkY ñTef;qdkcsifygw,f/ ('DvdkrS r[kwf&if rdrd blog udk page wpfckcsif;eJY rwlnDwJh template awG oHk;jyD; setup vkyf,lae&ygvdrhfr,f) Blogger uawmh widget awGudk sidebar rSm jzpfjzpf? page &JU atmuf em;rSm jzpfjzpf xnfh,lcGihf jyKxm;w,f/ Template tab udk click vkyfjyD; Page Elements udkoGm;um "Add Page Element" udk click vkyjf yD; HTML/Java Script option udk a&G;&w,f/ jyD;&if code twGif; paste vkyfay;vdkuf& w,f/ TypePad twGif;rSm Typelists taeeJY rdrd&JU sidebar xJudk external widget xnfh,lEdkifw,f/ Type Lists tab udk oGm; Notes Type List topf wpfck zefwD;,ljyD; Note field xJudk code awG paste vkyf,l&w,f/

Ek0d ifbm? 2008

73

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG taeeJY pdefac:jyD; vkyfp&m enf;enf;&Sdaew,f/ bmjzpf vdkYvJqdkawmh trsm;olig toHk;jyKxm; wJh HTML (hypertext markup language) tags awG &S d a ewwf w mrd k Y "third-party widgets awGudk rSefrSef uefuef oGi;f ay;Edik rf mS r[kwv f YkdbJ jzpf w,f/ (taMumif;pHkodvdk&if tinyurl. com/66uprm udk 0ifMunfhEdkifygw,f) WordPress u rd r d a &G ; xm;wJ h wjcm; widget awGudk install vkyfay; Edkifr,fh aqmhzf0Judk xnfh,lEdkifw,f/ installable version wpfckudk cGihfjyKay; xm;w,f/ rdrdudk,fydkif web host &Sdae apjyD; site admin wcsKdUudk vkyaf y;Edik zf Ykd eJY ywfoufvdkY ,HkMunfrItjynfheJY vkyf udkifEdkifapw,f/ wu,fvdkY Vox jzpfjzpf? Tumblr jzpfjzpf toH;k jyKae&ifawmh widget awG udk sidebar rSm ae&mcs,lEdkifwJh enf; vrf;rSwpfyg; wjcm; r&SdEkdifay/ WordPress

Widget rsm; &SmazGjcif; Widget awGudk b,fvdk install

vkyfr,fqdkwm od&SdoGm;jyD;wJhaemuf widgets awGukd b,fu&Edi k rf vJqw kd m Munf&h ygawmhr,f/ Widget box (widgetbox.com) vdk online collection sites awGu wpfO;D csif;wDxi G x f w k v f yk f wmawG trsm;tjym;&EdkifrSm jzpfw,f/ pdw0f ifpm;zG,f taxGaxG widgets rsm; taxGaxG udpo ö Hk; widget awG

76

uGefysLwm*sme,f

My Space Page wpfckeJYtwl

yg0ifaewJh vlOD;a&oef;aygif; 50 xJu wpf a,mufjzpfaecJh&if 'grSr[kwf wpfaeYwjcm; vlOD;a& wdk;yGm;aewJh facebook user xJu wpfOD;OD; jzpfaecJh&if widgets avmuMuD;wpfckudk ydkifpdk;xm;ovdk a&G;cs,fydkifcGihfawG tajrmuftjrm; &SdoGm;aprSm jzpfw,f/ MySpace eJY facebook awG &Sdvmuwnf;u rdrd page udk b,favmuftxd MudK;udkif cs,fvS,fEdkifrvJqdkwJh taetxm;twGuf vl;omvGefYom&SdwJh tajctaeawG avsmhyg;vmcJh&w,f/ MySpace u widget wcsKdUudk ydwfqdkYxm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh 'DvdkvkyfaqmifcsufvkyfEdkif rvkyfEdkifudk yxrOD;pGm avhvmxm;&ygr,f/ 'Dvdk tajctaetwGuf Widget box (Widgetbox.com) udk toHk;jyKEdkifr,fh enf;vrf;wpfck &Sdygw,f/ Widget awGudk site ESpfckvHk;tay:rSm tvdktavsmuf install vkyfay;Edkifw,f/ rdrdMudKufESpfoufwJh widget udk awGUwJhtcg MySpace jzpfjzpf? Fack Book icon jzpfjzpfMunfhyg/ wu,fvdkY &Sdaew,fqdk&if click av;wpfcsuf ESpfcsufvkyf½HkrQeJY Widget udk xnfhoGif; vdkY &oGm;ygvdrhfr,f/ FaceBook user awGtwGuf ydkjyD; vG,fulapwJh enf;vrf;&Sdygw,f/ rdrd&JU profile page udk 'Dy½dk*&rfao;ao;av;udk xnfhcGihfjyKay;w,f/ rdrd oGm;vnfywfr,fh jrdKU&JU ajryHkjzpfjzpf? udk,fvuf MuHhcdkifa&; avhusihfcef;awGjzpfjzpf xnfhvdkufwmrsKd; jzpfw,f/ Face Book page wpfckck&JU b,fbufxdyfem;rSm Application link ay: click vkyfjyD; widget &JU pm&if;awG trsm;tjym;udk MunfhEdkifw,f/ (facebook.com/apps rSm tao;pdwf jrifawGUEdkifw,f/) u rdrd&JU blog udk tqihfwpfckqDudk jr§iw fh ifay;Edik w f ,f/ Widget box wpfck &JU New York Times widget (tinyurl. com/67p4hp) yg&SdvdkufwmeJY rdrd&JU blog u csufcsif;qdkovdk newsroom av; jzpfvmapw,f/ aemufqHk; tajc taejyK 0ifa&muf Munf½h o I al wG&UJ urÇm u ydu k s,fomG ;ovdk jzpf&w,f/ vuf&dS a'oqdkif&m &moDOwk cefYrSef;csufawG

xnfhzdkY b,fESqavmuf ao;i,fwJh weatherlet widget (weatherlet.com)

udk Munfh½I avhvmoihfw,f/ Upcoming event awGtwGuf &SmvdkY&Edkifapr,fh taetxm;ay;wJh calendar wpfckxnfhzdkY vdkvmw,f qdk &ifawmh Your Minis Calendar widget (tinyurl.com/58 bzwa) udk oHk;&rSm jzpfw,f/ iCal calendar twGuf web

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG address udk xnfhjyD; jzefYa0Edkifw,f/ Edit Me udk Click vkyjf yD; Edit udk oGm; um wjcm;olawG rdrd calendar xJ pm&if;oGi;f Edik rf ,fh URL udk xnf, h &l yg w,f/ iPod Nike+Sport Kit udk toH;k jyKwhJ tajy;orm;awGtaeeJY Nike Plus widget (nikeplus.nike.com) u

taumif;qHk; yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;ygvdrfh r,f/ Music widget rsm; Music eJY ywfoufvdkY

b,fvdk cHpm;rI&oudk ay;Edik w f ,fqw kd mudk jyo vdkygovm;? Apple &JU My iTunes widgets uae b,fvdk music awG? AD'D,dkawGu aemufqHk; 0,f,lEdkifrvJ qdkwm&,f? tJ'D music awG AD'D,dkawG twGuf a0zefo;kH oyfcsuaf wG&,f rdr&d UJ favourite iTunes artist awG tm;vHk; udk vTihfxkwfay;ygw,f/ 'D widget awGudk zrf;qkyf,lzdkY rdrd&JU iTunes Store udk 0ifa&mufMunfh½IjyD; account zGihfjyD; Enable My iTunes udk click vkyfay;&w,f/ Widget awG taeeJY internet radio &JU fan awGtwGuf vnf; &Sdaeygao;w,f/ OyrmtaeeJY

Last.fm qd& k if radio station ao;ao; av;wpfck zefwD;,lEdkifw,f/ rdrd blog ay:rSm rdrMd udKuEf pS o f uf&m music trsK;d

tpm;awGudk zGihfMunfhEdkifzdkY jzpfw,f/ Web tie-in rsm; Blog wpfckudk jyKvkyfxm;r,f qdk &if wjcm; site awGay:rSmvnf; personal data awGudk xdef;odrf;xm;vdkY vnf; &ygw,f/ Flickr ay:u "mwfyHk awG jzpfjzpf? Facebook ay:u page udkyJjzpfjzpf rdrd blog xJrS highlight

vkyfjyD; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufzdkYvnf; jzpf Edkifygw,f/ Twitter widget (twitter.com/ badges) u rdrd&JU aemufqHk; tweet

awGudk cif;usif;jyay;xm;rSmrdkY 0if a&muf Munfh½IolawGudk post topf wpfckawmh zefwD;zdkY wpmpm ylqmay; aeEdkifw,f/ 'grSr[kwf concert awG? *drf;awGeJYvmr,fh tywfawGrSm pdwf MudKufaysmfarGUapr,fh conrention awG? courtesy awGudk owif;ay;xm;Edkif r,fh widget wpfck (tinyurl.com/ 5qa8fk) xnfhxm;Edkifygao;w,f/ rdrd&JU social-networking site

rdr&d JU blog rSm visitors awG up to date xm;&SEd ikd af pzdYk rdr&d JU FaceBook profile udk csw d q f ufay;r,fh badge wpfcu k kd zefw;D ,lEikd w f ,f/

ay:rSm 0ifa&muf Munfh½IolawGtaeeJY awGUjrifEdkifapzdkY rdrd&JU profile eJYtwl wGv J su&f adS pr,fh widget twGi;f csxm; ay;&w,f/ Linkedln twGuf buttons trsKd;rsKd;u rdrd profile eJY wGJ qufaew,f/ (tinyurl.com/2c3nfz) facebook udk oHk;xm;cJh&if widget (tinyurl.com/2ef9bl) wpfck xnfhEdkif w,f/ "mwfyHkawGtwGuf static flickr badge (tinyurl.com/2etm3) u jyD;cJh wJh 10 yHkavmuftxd a&G;cs,fjyD; cif;jy ay;w,f/ Flash badge uvnf; rdrd collection vkyx f m;wJh rwlnw D hJ "mwfykH awGudk vSnfhywfjyaerSm jzpfw,f/ aysm&f iT zf , G &f m widget rsm; Widgets awGtaeeJY information awGudk yHhydk;ay;zdkY rvdktyfay/ rdrd site ay:rSm 0JvnfaewJholawGudk ESpf axmif;tm;& &Sad pzdYk tm½Hk tajymif;tvJ awGeJY ajzazsmf {nfhcHEdkifygao;w,f/ Meebo widget (meebome.com) u web ay:rSm toH;k jyKolawGukd chat live udk toHk;jyKcGihfay;w,f/ wu,fvdkY 'Dvdk chat awGrSm 0ifrvmEdkif&ifvnf; message wpfckck xm;oGm;Edkifw,f/ twdwfudk woo jzpfaewwfol awGtwGuf Pac-Mac widgets (tin yurl.com/64p3xe) u 0ifa&muf Munfh ½Iwo hJ al wGukd rdrd blog twGuf vkyaf y; Edik w f mav;awGvnf; &Sad eygao;w,f/ topfav;awG xnfhvdkYxm; Widget awGudk&SmazGzdkY taumif; qHk; enf;vrf;u surf vkyf,l&rSmyJ jzpf w,f/ Blog wpfck&JU OD;wnfcsufu awmh wjcm;olawG aemufwpfacguf jyef0ifvmapEdkifr,fh content awG &Sdae zdYk yJ jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifrh Ykd topftqef; av;awG xm;ay;oihfygw,f/ OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D

Ek0d ifbm? 2008

77

uGeyf sLwmtaxGtaxG

vlwkdif;[m ]ukd,fhypönf;} eJY ukd,f pdwfnpfwwfMuolcsnf;ygyJ/

MP3/4

tacGwpfacGxnfzh iG &hf if wpfzufukd em&D0ufavmufyJ em;axmifv&Ykd jy;D wpfacGv;kH rS oDcsi;f 10 yk'?f 12 yk'f avmufomygwhJ uufqufawG[m ]tef;wdw}f jzpfomG ;ygjy/D Walkman uufquf ti,fpm;av;awmif tust Ð w d x f ?J abmif;bDtw d x f J xnfv h rYkd &/ cg;rSm csw d jf yefawmhvnf; cd;k vd;k ckvek rYJ Ykd aumifrav;awGu tem; ruyfcsi/f

0,frnfo h l oH;k aeolrsm;odYk

awmfawmftqifrajyygbl;/ tck acwfay: MP-3/4 awGusawmh vufr avmuf? vufoef;avmufuav;awGeYJ oDcsif;tyk'f tenf;qHk; 300 ausmf qdkwmuyJ oHk;vdkYudk aysmfaewmaygh/ acgif;csif;uyfjyD; em;Muyf wpfa,muf wpfzuf em;axmif&wJh t&omuvnf; bmeJYrS vJEidk rf ,frxifyg/ (em;MuyfMudK; wdkav ydkaumif;av/) MP-3/4 av;rS roH;k wwf&if wH;k vScsnf&UJ vdYk txifrcH &atmif uRefawmfodxm;wmav;awG a0iSay;vkdufygw,f/ MP-3 ............. qdkwm oDcsif;zGifhpuf (Music player) ao;ao;av;yg/ ol Y & J U rS w f Ó Pf y rmP (Memory Capacity) udkvkdufjyD; oDcsif;tyk'fa&

100 avmufuae oHk;-av;axmifru odrf;xm;Ekdifygw,f/ tckacwfay: MP-3 trsm;pk[m oDcsif;em;axmif½Hk r[kwfbJ toHyg zrf;Ekdifygw,f/

em;axmifwm? toHzrf;wmtjyif olYrmS ygwJh rSeb f v D ;l ? rSejf ym;(Screen) av;eJY "mwfyakH &m? ½ky&f iS yf g ½du k v f Ykd &? Munfv h Ykd vnf;&jyD; Game yg upm;vdYk&ygw,f/ wefzdk;enf;wJh MP-4 pufawGusawmh rSefbDvl;rygvdkY "mwfyHk^ ½kyf&Sif ½dkufvdkY r&yg/ wcsKdU MP3/MP4 pufawGrSm FM a&'D,dkyg ygw,f/ "mwfcJvm;? tm;oGif;vm; ..... MP-3/4 awGrSm "mwfcJxnfh&wm eJY tm;jyefoGif;jyD; oHk;wmqdkjyD; ESpfrsKd; &Sdygw,f/ "mwfcJoHk;jyD; em;axmifcsdef rsm;&if "mwfcJcPcPvJ&wmrdkY wcsKdU u tm;oGif;pufudk ydkMudKufMuygw,f/ b,fpufudkyJoHk;oHk; "mwfcJ vHk;0 tm; ukeo f mG ;wJt h xd roH;k oifyh gbl;/ pufem ygw,f/ yg0gukew f hJ tcsujf y (Alarm) ay:wmeJY 'grSr[kwf rSejf ym;rSmay:aewJh "mwfcw J ;kH rSm tm;enf;enf;yJ usefwmeJY csufcsif; "mwfcJvJoifh? tm;jyefoGif; oifhygw,f/

MP-4 ..... qdkwmu MP-3 vdk oDcsif;

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

79

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG tm;oGi;f "mwfcJ (Rechargeable battery)

tm;oGif;"mwfcJ&JUoabmu tm; ukefatmifoHk;vkduf&if tm;jyefjynfhzdkY tcsdefydkMumMum oGif;&wwfygw,f/ roHk;bJtMumMuD; ypfxm;jyef&ifvnf; toHk;rcHawmhygbl;/ tm;oGif;csdefudk wpfem&D? wpfem&DcGJavmufom em;em; jyD; oGif;oifhygw,f/ rD;pdrf;ygwJh tm; oGif;pufrSm tm;jynfh&if rD;pdrf;av; rSdwfoGm;ygr,f/ tm;rsm;rsm;0ifatmif qdkjyD; wpfnvHk; tm;oGif;xm;&if tm; oGif;pufavmifwmwdkY pufxJu rSwf

w,f/ MP-3/4 pufwcsKdUavmufyJ aemufzHk;zGifhjyD; tm;oGif;"mwfcJudk tvG,fwul vJEkdifayr,fh puftrsm;pk u puftzHk;udk 0uftlpkyfjyD; tm;oGif; "mwfcJudkvnf; *a[aqmfwyfxm;wm rdYk qkid rf mS vJrS &ygr,f/ tm;tjynfo h iG ;f xm;ayr,fh tm;ukefwmjrefw,fqdk&if "mwfcJvJ&awmhrSm jzpfygw,f/ rSwÓ f Pf pufxo J iG ;f vku d w f o hJ cD si;f ? "mwfy?kH ½kyf&Sif? *drf;awG pwmawGudk rSwfÓPf cspfyf (Memory Chip) xJrmS odr;f xm; ygw,f/ 'Dpuf awGay:purSwf ÓPf [ m 128 MP-3/4

Mb (Mega byte) avmufyJ

&S d yg w,f / aemuf q H k ; ay: puf awG rS m tenf;qHk; 1Gb (1024 Mb) &Sy d g w,f / 'gh t jyif rS w f Ó Pf u wf ÓPf (Memory) ysufwmwdkY jzpfEkdifyg w,f/ tm;oGif;puf (Charger) awG [m 5 Volt avmufyJ&SdjyD; Ampere u 300 mA uae 1000 mA (1 Amp) txd &Sw d wfygw,f/ Amp rsm;wJph ufu aps; ydkMuD;jyD; tm;oGif;&if jynfhwm ydkjrefyg w,f/ tm;oGi;f MP-3/4 puftrsm;pk[m uGefysLwmeJY csdwfqufxm;&if tm;0if ygw,f/ wefz;kd MuD;wJh puftaumif;pm; awGukd olYpufeYJ twlygwJh tm;oGi;f puf eJYyJ tm;oGif;oifhygw,f/ uGefysLwmeJY qufjyD;awmhyJ tm;oGif;ygvdkY nTefMum; xm;wJh pufawGukd b,ftm;oGi;f pufeYJ rS tm;roGif;ygeJY/ pufysufwwfyg

80

uGefysLwm*sme,f

(Memory Card) xyf x nf h E k d i f w J h uwf a yguf (Card slot) tydk ygvmygw,f/ wcsKdU

vuf u sef p uf a wG u d k aps;aygaygeJ Y xkwfa&mif;wJhqDrSm rSwfÓPf[m 512 Mb avmufyJ &Sdwwfygw,f/ MP-3 oDcsif;wpfyk'fudk 3Mb eJY wGu&f if 1 Gb &Sw d phJ uf[m oDcsi;f yk'af & (300) ausmaf vmufyJ qHyh gw,f/ jrefrm oHpOfoDcsif;awGqdk&if ydk&SnfvdkY tJ'D avmufawmif rqHah wmhyg/ 'gudk rodbJ wcsKdUqkdifawGu olwdkYa&mif;wJh pufudk trTrf;wifwJhtaeeJY tyk'fwpfaxmif avmuf qHw h ,fvYkd vnf; ajymvku d af &m oDcsif;oGif;ay;wJhvleJY pum;rsm;Mu awmhwmygyJ/ MP-4 usawmh pufudk

vkdufjyD; oDcsif;wpfyk'fudk 10-15 Mb uae 20 Mb avmuf t xd & S d w mrd k Y oDcsif;tyk'fa& 50 uae 70 avmuf txdom qHhygr,f/ wpfck owdxm;& rSmu 'DrSwfÓPfcspfyf wpfckwnf;rSmyJ tm;vH;k odr;f wmrdYk MP-3 oDcsif; trsm; MuD; xnfhvkduf&if MP-4 rsm;rsm; xnfhvdkYr&awmhygbl;/ 'DvdkygyJMP-4 tjynfx h nfv h u dk rf ,fq&kd ifvnf;MP-3 xyfxnfhvdkY r&awmhygbl;/ uifr&myg wJh MP-4 xJudk oDcsif;awG rSwfÓPf tjynfx h nfv h u dk &f if xyford ;f r,fah e&m rusefawmhvdkY "mwfyHka&m ½kyf&Sifyg ½dkufvdkYr&awmhyg/ tJ'Dtcg rSwfÓPf uwfxyfxnfhwmu ydkaumif;ygw,f/ Memory eJYywfoufvdkY xl;qef; wmav;wpfck ajymjy&OD;r,f/ vlqw kd m avmbom;awGrYkd rsm;rsm;0ifwhJ MuD;MuD; qdk ydkMudKufMuygw,f/ 512 Mb, 1 Gb pufawGaemufrSm 2 Gb qdkjyD;vmawmh ]]ighpufu 2 Gb awmifrSqdkjyD;
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG ckepfaomif;? &Spfaomif;avmuftxd &Sdygr,f/ w½kwfpufawGuEkawmh cP cPysufjyD; wpfv;kH jyD;wpfv;kH vJo;kH ae &wmrd k Y wwf E k d i f & if t&nf t aoG ; ydkaumif;wJh MSI, Creative, Zen, Sony pwJh puftppfawGudk okH;oifhyg w,f/ ]puftppf} vdkY ajym&wmu wcsKdUpufawG[m puftwkawGvnf; vmwwfwmrdkYyg/ tJ'DpufawGusawmh 256 Mb MP-3 pufavmufudk usyf ig;aomif;avmufusjyD; 2Gb, 4 GB MP-4 pufawGusawmh usyfESpfodef;? oHk;odef;avmuf&Sdygr,f/ pufwefzdk; MuD;oavmuf toHeJY ½kyfxGuft&nf taoG ; trsm;MuD ; yd k a umif ; ovd k wm&Snfvnf; toHk;cHygw,f/ 'Dpuf awGu tmrcHoufwrf; &Sw d wfygw,f/ w½kwfpufawGa&mif;wJh qkdif&SifawGus awmh ]igh vufuvGwf oDwif;uRwf} qdkjyD; a&mif;wwfMuygw,f/ puf0,f&if owdxm;&rSmawG pufa&mif;oludk pufrSmygwJh vkyf aqmifcsuftm;vHk;udk zGifhprf;ckdif;yg/ MP-3/4 pufwkdif;rSm erlemoDcsif;? ½kyf&Sif? "mwfyHkrsm; ygygw,f/ rygwJh pufudk prf;zGifhMunfhvdkYr&&if r0,foifh yg/ oDcsif;em;axmif? ½kyf&SifzGifhMunfh? toHzrf;jyD; jyefem;axmif? "mwfyHk^½kyf &Sif tprf;½kdufjyD; jyefzGifhMunfhyg/ wcsKdU qdkif&SifawGu pufoma&mif;jyD; puf taMumif; em;rvnfyg/ em;vnfol wpfO;D udk tazmfac:jyD; 0,foifyh gw,f/ jrifuGif; (Screen) rSm ½kyfxGufMunf vif^jywfom;rI &Sd - r&SdMunfhyg/ toH aumif; raumif; em;MuyfEiS hf em;axmif jyD; pyDumygvQif 'Dtwkdif;vnf; em; axmifMunfyh g/ cvkwaf wG yHrk eS f tvkyf vkyf rvkyf owdxm;Munfhyg/ tm;eJY zdjyD; ESdyfae&wJh cvkwf[m yHkrSefr[kwf yg/

82

uGefysLwm*sme,f

pufEiS t hf wl ygwJyh pön;f awG pHk rpHk ppfaq;jyD; aumif;? raumif;yg prf;ckdif;yg/ tm;oG i f ; puf y g&if pufESifh qufjyD; tm;0if r0if tm;oGif;Munfhyg/ wefzdk;MuD;wJh pufawGrSm tmrcH&Sd&if tmrcHuwf awmif;yg/ MP-3 oDcsi;f oGi;f &if MP-3/4 pufwi dk ;f [m oDcsi;f ouf oufem;axmifzYkdq&kd if.mp3, .wav trsK;d tpm; music files awGukd zGiahf y; Ekid Mf u ygw,f/ 'DvdkoGif;EkdifzdkYtwGuf Audio CD, VCD,DVD u oDcsi;f awGukd uGef

ysLwmeJY jyefajymif;&ygw,f/ qkdifudk ukd,foGif;csifwJh tacGawG,loGm;jyD; csufcsif;oGif;ckdif;vdkYawmh &r,f r[kwf yg/ .mp3 ajymif;jyD;om; oDcsif;awGudk om csufcsif;oGif;vkdY tqifajyrSmyg/ um&mtdkau VCD uae ajymif;,lwJh .mp3 oDcsif;[m em;MuyfeJY em;axmif &if wD;vH;k wpfzuf? qdo k w H pfzuf xGuf wwfygw,f/ qdkoHwpfzufwnf;xGuf wmudk ESpzf ufxu G af tmif vkyaf y;ygvdYk awmif;qdk&if oGif;&wJhvl acgif;jzLoGm; Ekid yf gw,f/ ESpzf ufv;kH qdo k x H u G cf si&f if Audio CD uae ajymif;,lyg/ oDcsif; yk'af & rsm;rsm;0ifatmif file t&G,t f pm; eif;uef csKHUjyD;oGif;&if em;axmifvdkY raumif;yg/ yHrk eS t f m;jzifh Good quality (128 kbps) avmuf ajymif;oGif;wmyJ aumif;ygw,f/ Audio CD uaeMP3 ajymif;zdkY Program awG trsm;MuD;&SdwJh

txJu AShampoo MP3 Audio Centre u tawmfav; oHk;vdkYaumif; ygw,f/ 'D Program eJYyJ MP3, Wave file awGudk Audio CD, MP3 CD jyefvkyfvkdY &ygw,f/ EkdifiHjcm;u aqGrsKd;om;csif;awG ydYkay;vku d w f hJ puftaumif;pm;wcsKUd [m vG,fvG,ful;xnfhvdkYr&yg/ olYpufeJY twlygwJh qufo, G Mf udK; (USB Cable) eJYqufrS ul;vdYk &wm &Syd gw,f/ tJovdk qufvkdufwJhtcgrSmvnf; uGefysLwm u Install CD awmif;wwfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh pufeJYtwlygwJh MudK;awG? pD'D awGudk raysmufatmif odrf;xm;zdkY tvGet f a&;MuD;ygw,f/ Original CD ud k tyd k u l ; xm;yg/ SONY Sonic Stage puftrsKd;tpm;[m olYrSmygwJh Progarm udk t&if Install vkyfjyD;rS oDcsif;ul;xnfhvdkY &ygw,f/wpfcg wav USB Data MudK;omru Power MudK;udkyg wyfxm;rS oDcsif;ul;vdkY&wJh pufawG &Sdygw,f/ pufvufpGJpmtkyf (Manual) udkvnf; aocsmodrf;xm; yg/ pmtkyrf mS ygwJh vrf;nTecf suftwdik ;f pufudk toHk;jyKwm taumif;qHk;ygyJ/ MP-4 ½ky&f iS zf idk u f ;l jcif;

'Dzidk af wGuu kd ;l wm[m.mp3 avmuf rvG,yf g/ puftrsK;d tpm;udv k u dk jf yD; zkid f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGtaxG trsK;d tpm;awGrwlvYkd jzpfygw,f/ File wpfrsKd;? ESprf sKd;avmufom oGi;f wwfwhJ oluoGif;jyD; jyefzGifhvdkYr&&if ]cifAsm; pufysufaew,f? oGm;jyefvJ} qdkjyD; cyfwnfwnfyJ q&mMuD; vkyfwwfyg w,f/ Screen ao;ao;av;ygwJh puf ti,fpm;awGrSm AMV zkdif oGif;&yg w,f/ AMV zdkifrSmyJ yHkxGuf t&G,f tpm; trsKd;rsKd;&Sdygw,f/ Resolution 128 x 128 eJY ajymif;xm;wJh ½kyf&Sifzdkif udk Screen ydkMuD;wJhpufrSm zGifhMunfh&if jrifuiG ;f tjynfrh ay:yg/ MP-4 pufawG [m e*dkurS jrifuGif;i,f&wJh txJyHku xyfao;oGm;jyefawmh Munf&h wJv h lFeel rvmawmhyg/ jrifuiG ;f tjynfah y:atmif 160 x 120 ponfjzifh ajymif;&ygr,f/ .AMV file udk AMV Convert Tool Program eJY ajymif;&ygw,f/ uifr&mygwJh JXD MP-4 puf trsm;pkrmS .ASF zkid o f iG ;f &ygw,f/ puf eJYtwlygvmwJh CD xJu SunPlus PMP Transcoding Program udk uGef ysLwmxJ Install vkyjf yD; VCD xJu .DAT zkdifawGudk. ASF ajymif;Ekdifyg

w,f / ajymif ; wJ h tcg Quality udk Best rS m xm;&if MunfhvdkYaumif;ay r,fh File size odyf MuD;oGm;vdkY pufxJ ul ; xnf h w J h t cg yk'fa&rsm;rsm; r0if awmhyg/ Bad qdk&ifvnf; Munfhraumif;awmhyg/ Normal rSmyJ xm;yg/ ASF file awGu Screen size 352 x 240, 320 x 240 &Sy d gw,f/

iPOD yHkpHwl MP-4 pufawGrSm .AVI zkdifoGif;&ygw,f/ AVI file udk AVI Convertor program eJY ajymif;& ygw,f/ Screen size uvnf; 128x 96, 160 x 128, 220 x 176 , 320 x 240

qdjk yD; trsKd;rsKd;&Syd gw,f/ pufeYJ udu k n f D wJh Size udk ajymif;oGi;f &ygr,f/ iPOD puftppf? SONY puftppfawGrSm .MP4 file oG i f ; &wm &S d y gw,f / aemufqHk;ay: MP-4 pufawGrSmawmh File format ra&G;bJ ASF, AVI, 3GP, MP4, b,f File oGi;f oGi;f zGiv hf Ykd &wm awGY&yg w,f/ wcsKUd Video Converter Software awG[m VCD,DVD awG uae MP3, ASF, AVI, 3GP format tm;vHk;udk ajymif;Ekdifygw,f/ Mobile Phone eJY MP-3/4 awG

vrf;ay:rSm rnf;rnf;tjym;av; yg;rSmuyfjyD; wpfa,mufwnf; pum; ajymaewJhvlawG wpfaeYwjcm; ydkrsm; vmygw,f/ pum; ajymae&muae &,f vku d ?f jyHK;vku d ?f atmf vk d u f [pf v k d u f e J Y avmuMuD;xJrSm ol wpf a ,muf w nf ; (r[k w f a o;ygbl ; ? wjcm;wpf a e&mu wpf a ,muf e J Y y gqd k ES p f a ,muf w nf ; ) &Sdaeygw,f/ usefwJh tcsdefawGrSm olwdkY vnf ; oD c sif ; av; em;axmif?[d[ k mav; 'D[mav; Munfhcsif wwfMuawmhygw,f/ Phone awGrSm oGi;f wJh MP3 [m ½d;k ½d;k MP-3/4 awGrmS oGif;wmeJY twlwlygyJ/ Movie file usawmh rwl a wmh y gbl ; / System ydkjrifhwJh Phone awGrSm Data cable

rvdkwJh Bluetooth pepfygvmwmrdkY oGif;&wmvnf; ydkcufjyD; tcsdefvnf; ydkMumygw,f/ Phone awGxJudk trdIuf awGxnfh&if; ½dkufpm;? tJav oGif;pm; vk y f a ewJ h 'D a vmuxJ u *d k P f ; wl nDtpfudkawG? ESrawmfawG&JU rsufESmudk axmufjyD; tao;pdwf ra&;awmhygbl;/ trdIufxJu a&Tjzpf? aiGjzpfw,fqdkwm tDpudkwdkY wpfawGygyJ/ pufuidk f&ifowdxm;&rSmawG w½kwpf ufwifr[kwyf gbl;/ b,f tDvufx&GefepfpufyJjzpfjzpf tukdif twG,f nifomyg/ (uRef awmfh udk rdwåLul;pufjyifwm oifay;cJhwJh q&m OD;nGefYarmif (trsKd;om; armfuGef;OD;pD; Xme ? uG,fvGef)u +]tysKdyg;ukdifovdk ukdifyg} vdkY wpfoufvHk; rSwfrdatmif ajymcJhygw,f/) cvkwfawGudk tm; aumif;wkdif; zdESdyf&if uRH0ifoGm;wwf ygw,f/ vufrrsm;ygeJY/ atmufudk rvGwu f sygapeJY/ a&0if&ifawmh ysurf mS aocsmygw,f/ ydkufqHayg&if abmif; bDwifyg;tdwfxJxnfhjyD; zifudk aqmifh xkdifyg/ tjyifrSefuGJ&if jyefvJwyfyg/ twGif;rSefuGJ&ifawmh eD;&mtrdIufyHk;xJ om ypfxnfhvkdufygawmh/ qdkifrSm0,fuwnf;u Screen rSm ay:wJh Menu [m 0rfapGYvdYk jzpfae&if t*Fvdyfvdk ajymif;ckdif;yg/ t*FvdyfpmeJY ay:aewmud k a wmif bmrS e f ; rod b J t&rf;avQmufESdyfrdvdkY pufxJrSm&Sdwm tm;vH;k (oDcsif;a&m? ½ky&f iS af &m? "mwfykH a&m? bma&mnma&m) tukefysufoGm; wwfwm? bl;oD;ig;aygif;aMumfawGyJ awGYae&&if ydkvdkYawmif qdk;oGm;Ekdifyg w,f/ MP- 4 puftm;vHk;rSm Game ygygw,f/ Game upm;&if cvkwaf wG tysufjrefwmrdkY rsm;rsm;a&mif;&atmif jynfMuD;u uRefawmft h rsKd;awGu wrif

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

83

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG Game

xnf h a y;xm;wm oabm

ayguf/ MP-3/4 rSmvnf; Akid ;f &yfpef YJ

uGefysLwmAkdif;&yfpfawG[m uGefysL wmtvHk;MuD;awGudkawmif oHk;vdkYr& atmif zsuq f ;D wwfwmrdYk MP-3/4 puf uav;awGavmufawmh &,fwmayghvdkY qdkygw,f/ pufzGifhwJh Program udk Virus udkufvkduf&if puf[m ]wmhwmbdkifhbkdif} awmif jyvdkY rcifawmhygbl;/ wpfcgwav oDcsif; 3-4 yk'feJYwif Memory jynfo h mG ;&if ]tJ'g usKyfvuf csufaygh} vdkY Virus u rMum;wMum; av; ajymwwfygao;w,f/ ukd,fhpuf rSm Virus r&Sb d eJ YJ Virus &Sw d hJ uGeyf sLwm eJY qufvkdufrdvdkY a&m*gyGm;wmvnf; trsm;MuD;ygyJ/ 'gaMumifh MP-3/4 oGi;f ay;wJhqkdifu tpfudkMuD; ('grSr[kwf OD;av;MuD;) udk ]vlrSmydk;&Sdwm udprö &Sd bl;? pufrSm ydk;r&Sdwm aocsmygw,f aemf} vdkY ar;jyD;rS ay;oGif;yg/ qkdifu a&mif;ay;vkdufwJh puftopfpufpuf awGrSmvnf; Virus awG ygvmwwfyg w,f/ pufudkvnf; vl vdkyJ ydk;&Sd -r&Sd rMum rMum ppf a y;oif h y g w,f / awG Y u &mvl e J Y tJav awGYu&m uGeyf sL wmeJY rqufrdzdkYvnf; owd x m;yg/ trsKd ; tpm;aumif ; wJ h puf awGrmS uk, d t hf rd u f uuf quf? ADpD'DzGifhpufawGeJY qufjyD; oDcsif;? ½kyf&Sif awG ul ; Ek d i f y gw,f / tJ'Dvdk ul;zdkY MudK;awG vnf ; puf e J Y ygvm wwfygw,f/ 'Dtwkdif; quf½HkeJYawmh r&bl;/ pufxJu oufqkdif&m

84

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Menu awG

ESdyfwwfzdkYawmh vdkwmaygh Asm/ tJovdkrsKd; ul;wm[m File size MuD;jyD; ½kyfxGufvnf; odyfraumif; wwfygbl;/ wpfcgwav t½kyyf aJ y:jyD; toHrxGufwmrsKd;vnf; jzpfwwfyg w,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdYvdk qkdif awGxJrSmyJ ul;ygvdkY tMuH raumif; waumif;av; ay;yg&ap/ wcsKdUu ]qifwpfaumifv;kH 0,fjyD; cRef;zdk;ESajrmw,f} qdkwmvdk MP-3/4 0,fjyD; oDcsif;oGif;&wm ykdufqHukef w,fvdkY nnf;jywwfygw,f/ txl; ojzifh rdef;uav;awGayghAsm/ olwdkYudk usawmh uRefawmfu tckvdk ajymyg w,f/ ]'gqdk&ifvnf; ukd,fykdifuGefysL wm&SdjyD; oGif;wwfwJh aumifav;awGeJY &nf;pm;xm;vkdufMuaygh}vdkY/ MP4 eJY "mwfy?kH ½ky&f iS ½f u kd &f if MP4 eJY½dkufwJh "mwfyHk^½kyf&SifawG

[m taysmfwrf;tqifhyJ &Sdygw,f/ 'pf *spfw,fuifr&m? AD'D,dkuifr&mawGeJY ½dkufwmavmuf yHkxGufraumif;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh pufxJu settings awG csdef

wmrSefr,f? tvif;a&mif vHkavmuf r,f? vufjidrrf ,fq&kd ifawmh Munfah ysmf ½Iaysm&f w dS yhJ akH wG &Ekid yf gw,f/ AD', D ½kd u kd f wJhtcg pufukdifxm;wJhvufudk jznf; jznf;csif;a&TUyg/ wtm;,rf;vkdufr,f qdk&if jyefMunfhwJhtcg raomufbJ rl;Ekdifygw,f/ aMumufp&m "Format" MP-3/4 menu awG x J u Settings 'grSr[kwf Tools /Memory xJrmS format qdw k mav;awGY&if tJ'gudk a&G;jyD; OK vkyMf unfyh g/ pufxrJ mS &Sw d m

awGtukefvHk; ]twfcsavmif;} qdkjyD; rsufvn S jhf yvku d o f vdk jzKwfueJ aysmuf oGm;ygr,f/ uReaf wmfu ajym½Hw k ifajym wm? wu,fvkyfMunfhvkdufvdkYuawmh vHk;vHk;MuD; cifAsm; wm0efygyJ/ vlwkdif;[m ]ukd,fhypönf;}eJYukd,f pdwfnpfwwfMuolcsnf;ygyJ/ 'Dpmzwf jyD; MP-3/4 0,frnfholawG? 0,fxm; jyD;olawG pdwfnpfjcif;ab;rS uif;a0; MuygapvdkY qkawmif;vkdufygw,f/ armifyiG Ó hf Pf (arm&)

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG rdrv d yk if ef;twGuf r[mAsL[majrmuf pD;yGm;a&;zGUH jzKd ;wd;k wufrI vkyMf u&ygawmhrnf/

enf;ynme,fvGef pD ; yG m ;a&; acwf o pf ICT

pD;yGm;a&; acwfopf[k qdk&mü pD;yGm;a&;udk ESpfvGef acwf a[mif; umvrsm;u vkyfaqmifcJhovdk r&awmhonfudk qdkvdkygonf/ aps;xJwGif i½kwfoD;rIefY? eEGif;rIefYrsm;udk owif;pmpuúLjzifh xkyíf a&mif;csc&hJ mrS ,cktcg ]qifjzL awmf? bkwq f rkH trnfrsm;jzifh puf½rkH sm; wnfaqmuf um wDAD aG Mumfjimrsm; toH;k jyKjy;D Edik if w H pf0ef;odYk wku d f ½dkuf jzefYjzL;a&mif;csaeMujyD jzpfonf/} ¤if;onf pD;yGm;a&;acwfopfodkY a&mufvmaeí jzpfonf/ rnfoyYkd ifjzpfap þrQEiS hf rwdr;f wdrb f J tjcm; xkwf ukefrsm;udkyg urÇmhaps;uGufodkY xdk;azmuf 0ifa&mufonftxd uREykf w f Ykd pGr;f aqmifMu&yg awmhrnf/ ¤if;twGuf tdkifwDpD enf;ynm vdt k yfygrnf/

yHkpHopf pD;yGm;a&; (New

Economy)

,aeY urÇmMuD;wGif owif;tcsuftvufESifh qufoG,fa&; enf;ynm (Information and Communication Technology) onf t&dSeft[kefjzifh ajymif;vJwdk;wufrIaMumifh urÇmh pD;yGm;a&;yHkpH

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

87

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG onfvnf; xl;jcm;pGm ajymif;vJaejyD jzpfonf/ ukefypönf; xkwfvkyfrIESifh oufqdkifaom vkyfaqmifrI toGif oP²mefrsm;? EdkifiH\ a&mif;0,fazmuf um;rI yHkpHrsm;? ukefypönf;ESifh aqmif &GufrIudk toHk;jyKolrsm;twGuf wefzdk; topfzefwD;rI t&mtm;vHk;onf yHkpH ajymif;ukejf yDjzpfonf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef; tMuD;ti,f t&G,ftpm; tm;vHk;tm; pDrH tkyfcsKyfvsuf&dSaom xdyfydkif; pDrH tkycf sKyforl sm;twGuf yHpk o H pf pD;yGm;a&; rS yHkpHopf vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; (new activities) ? yH k p H o pf ajz&S i f ; &rnf h taMumif;t&mrsm; (new issues)? yHkpH opf OD;pm;ay;rIrsm; (new priorities) jzifh pdefac:vsuf &dSaeygjyD/ wpfcsdefu tnmxkwfukef jzpf onfh csnfxnfrsm;udk tMurf;xnf tjzpfom &ufvkyfMujyD; tnmbk&m;yGJ rsm;üom a&mif;csae&onft h csed rf [kwf awmhyg/ ¤if;udk wefzdk;topf zefwD;Edkif olwYkd u t&nftaoG; aumif;rGeaf tmif &ufvkyfMuum 'DZdkif;opfrsm; zefwD;jyD; EdkifiH&yfjcm;aps;uGufodkY ydkYzdkY&m vkyf aqmifaeMujyD jzpfonf/ wefzdk;topf [k qdk&mwGif omrefpuúLwpf&Guf\ wefzdk;onf tvGefenf;rnfjzpfaomf vnf; ¤if;puúLay:odkY yHkEdSyfum a&mif; vdu k o f nfh wefz;kd onf puúLxuf tq aygif ; rsm;pG m uG m jcm;oG m ;ygonf / uREfkyfwdkYonf ukefypönf;rsm;udk yHkrSef &if;ED;S 0,f,u l m 10 &mcdik Ef eI ;f rQ tjrwf wif j yD ; omref a ps;a&mif ; jcif ; rsKd ; rS ajymif;vJMu&ef vdktyfaejyDudk rD;xdk;jy vdkjcif;jzpfonf/

avsmnDaxGjzpfrnfh yHkpHopfvkyfief;pOf (new agenda) rsm;udk pDraH qmif&u G &f ef vdt k yfaejyD jzpfonf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef; onf MuD;onf jzpfap? i,fonf jzpfap? tqifjh rifh enf;ynmvkyif ef; [kwo f nf jzpfap? r[kwfonf jzpfap? orm;½dk;us vkyfief; odkYr[kwf acwfrD vkyfief;rsKd;? pD;yGm;a&; rqefaom vkyif ef;rsK;d ponf jzifh rnfonfh vkyif ef;rsKd;rqdk oufqikd f aeojzifh a&Smifwdrf;í r&Edkifawmhyg/ yH k p H o pf pD ; yG m ;a&;twG u f yH k p H o pf vkyfief;pOfrsm; csrSwfaqmif&Guf&ef vdt k yfvmjcif;rSm wpfjydKifwnf; jzpfay: vmvsuf&dSaom atmuf azmf jy yg taMumif;tcsuf oHk;&yfaMumifh jzpf onf/

tjzpf trnfxif&Sm;ausmfMum;aeonfh Google ESifh Yahoo onf pm;yGJay:&dS uGeyf sLwmwpfv;kH jzifh tvkyv f yk af ejcif; jzpfonf/ olYxHwGif rnfonfh puf½HkrQ r&dS? ukefMurf;t&if;tEDS; r&dSyg/ odkY&m wG i f Google ES i f h Yahoo onf knowledge udk toHk;jyKum tvGef csr;f om
(1) uGef&ufcsdwfqufxm;aom vlaerIb0yHpk rH sK;d odYk ajymif;vJvmjcif;

(3) urÇmESichf saD om a&mif;0,frI yHpk o H Ykd ajymif;vmjcif;?

(The rise of Network)

(Globalization of Trade)

uGef&ufonfh yifhultdrfozG,f wpfMudK;rS wpfMudK;odkY qufET,fcsdwf qufxm;onf/ aps;qdkif? ukrÜPD? ½Hk;? puf½rkH o S nf Edik if aH wmfvyk if ef;rsm;txd uGe&f ufcsw d q f ufrI &daS ejyDjzpfonf/ rdrd xk w f u k e f o nf jynf w G i f ; aps;uG u f aygufaps;xuf jynfyaps;uGuf ayguf aps;EIef;txd tcsdefwdktwGif; odEdkif onf/ ig;&SOrhf sm;udk &yfuu G af ps;twGi;f a&mif;csonfxuf jynfyaps;uGufodkY ydkYum EdkifiHjcm;aiG &SmazGEdkifMuonf/ xdkodkY aygufaps;EIef;odzdkY&m qufoG,f a&;uGef&ufu aumif;pGm taxmuf tuljyKaejyDjzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh vlaerIb0yHkpHonf uGef&ufrsm;\ axmufulrIjzifh ajymif;vJvmaeonf/

rdrd\ xkwfukefrsm;udk udk,fhjrdKU? ud, k Ehf ikd if t H wGi;f üom a&mif;aejcif;jzifh auseyfraeapoifhyg/ wpfcsdefu urÇmh EdkifiHrsm;\ aygufaps;EIef;rsm;udk csuf csif; rodEikd Mf uovdk? od&efvnf;rvG,f ulcJhyg/ ,ck oifhuD;bkwf wpfcsufEdSyf ½Hkjzifh aps;uGuf taetxm;udk odEdkif Muonf/ oifhukefypönf;rsm;onf 10 qru jrwfpGef;Edkifygonf/ ]urÇmMuD; jym;vmaeonf} [laom pum;onf &,f&TifzG,fpum; r[kwfawmhyg/

yHpk o H pf aqmif&Gu&f rnfh vkyif ef;pOf (New Agenda)

yHkpHopf pD;yGm;a&;rS pdefac:jcif; cHae&onfh xdyfydkif;pDrHtkyfcsKyfolrsm; taejzihf yHkpHopf pD;yGm;a&;ESifh vdkuf

88

uGefysLwm*sme,f

(2) todÓPfjzifh vkyf&aom tvkyfrsKd; ydrk v kd mjcif; (The growth of knowledge work)

tifwmeuf &SmazGa&; tif*sif

Network csdwfqufxm;aom

vlaerIb0yHkpH ,aeYacwf vlom;wdkYonf rdrd ajymvdkol? awGUjrifvdkol? pmydkYvdkol ponf yHpk H trsKd;rsKd;jzifh qufo, G v f o kd l wpfOD;OD; odkYr[kwf tzGJUtpnf; wpfckck udk rnfonfhae&mrSrqdk toHtm;jzifh? ½kyfyHkoP²meftm;jzifh? pmjzifh tvG,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG wul csdwfquf qufoG,fEdkifjyD jzpf onf/ taqmuftOD wpfckcktwGif; csdwfqufaom Local Area Network (LAN) ? a0;uGmaom t&yfa'orsm; ESifh csdwfqufaom Wide Area Network (WAN) ? rdrt d zGUJ tpnf; oD;oefY oHk;twGuf tifwmeufrS wpfurÇmvHk; odkY csdwfqufaom tifwmeuf a0;uGm aom(Internet) txd uGef&uf (network) csd w f q uf toHk;jyKvsuf &dSae MujyD jzpfonf/ MudK; jzifh csw d q f uf toH;k jyKaom wire line network rsKd ; om ru MudK;rJch sdwq f uf Edkifaom wireless network rsm;vnf; ae&mwdkif;wGif &dSae ygjy/D E-mail, Chat, G-talk, Skype ponf pmydYk zYkd ? toHjzifh pum;ajymzdkY? tjyeftvSef pmpum; ajymzdkY tm;vHk; pHkvifpGm aqmif&Guf EdkifMujyDvnf; jzpfonf/

todÓPfjzifh vkyf&aom tvkyfrsKd; ,aeY vlrpI ;D yGm;a&;b0wGif vl\ tcef;u@ jyefvnf ta&;MuD;vmjyD jzpfonf/ pufu&d , d mrsm; xGe;f um;vm aomaMumifh vl\ta&;ygrI wjznf; jznf; avsmhenf;vmcJhaomfvnf; ICT acwfwGifrl todÓPf ydkifqdkifaom vl\ tcef;u@rSm t"du jzpfvm onf/ vlwdkY\ wDxGifzefwD;rI? tod ÓPfaMumifh jyKvkyfvmEdkifaom wefzdk; zefw;D rIwYkd onf ,aeYacwf\ ta&;yg aom vdktyfcsufrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh todÓPfta&;ygaom vlrIywf0ef; usif (knowledge society) [kyif

wifpm; ac:a0:aejyDjzpfygonf/

urÇmESifhcsDaom a&mif;0,frI yHkpH

c&D;tuGmta0; qdkonfrSm r&dSawmhyg/ oif&Sd&m ae&monf ICT enf;ynm &dSzdkYom vdkygrnf/

(Globalization of Trade)

enf;ynm wdk;wufajymif;vJrI &v'ftjzpf ]]urÇmMuD; jym;oGm;jyD}} (The World becomes flat) ? urÇ m &G m (Global village) jzpfomG ;jyD ponfjzifh urÇm\ quf oG,af &;wd;k wuf aumif;rGefjcif; \ tusKd;ouf a&mufrIrsm;udk wifpm; ac:a0: vsu&f MSd uonf/ urÇmwpfckvHk; rnfonfah e&mrS rnfonfh ae&m odkYrqdk vG,ful vsifjrefpGm qufoG,fEdkifMujyDjzpfí ukefoG,frI yHkpHrSmvnf; urÇmh twdkif;twm aps; uGufjzifh a&mif;0,fjcif;yHkpHudk toHk;jyK aeMujyD jzpfonf/ rnfonhfEdkifiHrS rnf onfh ukefypönf;udkrqdk urÇmhaps;uGuf (Global Market) odYk wifyYkd a&mif;cs&ef OD;wnfvsuf &dSaeygjyD/

enf;ynm wdk;wuf zGHU jzdK;rI aMumifh vlaerIb0 ajymif;vJ vmapaom jzpf&yfrsm; ICT

(1) c&D;a0;w,fqw kd m r&daS wmhyg/ (The death of distance)

,aeY pD;yGm;a&; vkyaf qmif&mwGif rdrdonf b,fae&mudk a&mufaevdkY? bmrS rodvdkufygqdkonfh tjzpfrsKd; r&dSawmhyg/ oifonf t*FvefEdkifiHodkY a&mufaeonfw h ikd f oif\½H;k cef;u oifh a&SUuGefysLwmjrifuGif;wGif &dSaeonf/

(2) b,fae&mrSmvJqdkwm od&ef rvdak wmhyg/ (The fate of location) oifonf oufqdkif&m tcsuf tvufrsm;udk &,lzYkd&m b,fae&mrSmvJ qdkonfudk xnfhawG;zdkY rvdkawmhyg/ ICT enf;ynmu oifhvdktyfcsufudk yhHydk;ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ ae&ma'oonf oifhtwGuf t"du r[kwfawmhyg/ (3) tm;vHk;eJY csdwfqufvdkY &jyD/ (Improved connection)

quf o G , f a &; aumif ; rG e f w m trsm;odMujyD; jzpfonf/ 24 em&Dywf vH;k oif tvkyf vkyEf ikd zf Ykd om vdyk grnf/ oifonf tdyfpuftem;,laeonfhwdkif qufoG,fa&;pepfrsm;u oifh uGefysL wmrSwpfqifh tvkyfvkyfaeygvdrfhrnf/ (4) tvG,w f ul ydjk y;D a&Gv U sm;vkyu f ikd Ef ikd f pGr;f &djS y/D (Increase mobility) oifh vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;onf oifESifhtwl &dSaeonf/ ,cifu oifh owif ; tcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k notebook uGey f sLwmjzifh o,faqmifc&hJ mu ,cktcg vufwpf0g;pmt&G,f qJvf zkef;xJodkY xnfhum o,fEdkifMujyD jzpf onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh oifh ½Hck ef;onf rnfonfh ae&modkYrqdk a&GUvsm;aejcif; jzpfonf/ oifh qJvfzkef;onf oifh ½Hk;cef; jzpfonf/ (5) rdrd vdktyfonfh yHkpHtwdkif; csdwfquf aqmif&u G Ef ikd o f nf/(More customized network)

uGef&ufudk rdrdpdwfMudKuf csdwf qufEdkifMuonf/ ½Hk;wGif; oHk;½HkyJvm;? wpfurÇmvHk;ESifh qufoG,faecsifwm

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

89

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG vm;/ wpfOD;wnf; tifwmeufudk oHk; csifwmvm;/ enf;pepfawG trsKd;rsKd; &dSaeonf/ MudK;jzifh oHk;rvm;/ MudK;rJh oHk;rvm; oifvdktyfonfh yHkpHtwdkif; csdwfqufEdkifygonf/ (6) trSwfwHqdyfaMumifh wefzdk; zefwD;rI ydkrsm;vmonf/ (Increase value of

rDatmif vdkufzdkY rvG,fawmhyg/ olu ydkMuD;aewmvnf; jzpfonf/ 1962 ckESpfu pwifwnfaxmifcJhonfh WalMart onf tpu ukep fq kH ikd u f av;om jzpfonf/ ,ck ,SOfjydKif&ef cufcJonfh ukefwdkufMuD;rsm;jzpfaeygonf/ WalMart onf uk e f y pö n f ; rsm;ud k aps; oufompGm a&mif;csay;aeqJ jzpfonf/

brand)

trSwfwHqdyfonf tvGef wefzdk; &do S nfukd pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Sirf sm; owd xm;rdMuygvdrfhrnf/ Apple ukrÜPD onf iPod, iPhone wdkYjzifh tvGef emrnfxif&Sm;um pD;yGm;a&;aumif; aeonfudk odMuygvdrfhrnf/ Apple onf ¤if;ypönf;rsm;udk udk,fwdkif puf½Hk wnfaqmufí xkwfvkyfjcif; [kwf onf jzpfap? r[kwo f nf jzpfap? ta&; MuD;onfrSm ol\ Apple trSww f q H yd f cwfEdSyfvdkufonfESifh aps;uGufwGif trsm;MudKufypönf; jzpfapcJhygonf/ Toyota, Sony, Toshiba ponf wdYk onf olwYkd trSww f q H yd u f kd cdik rf mpGm wifxm;EdkifMuonf/ oifonf oifh trSww f q H yd u f kd aumif;pGm wefz;kd xm;& ygvdrhfrnf/ Wal-Mart onf oludk,f wdkif vloHk;ukefypönf;rsm;udk xkwfvkyf aejcif; r[kwfyg/ wpfqifh0,f,lí qdkifwGif wifay;jcif;om jzpfonf/ odkY &mwGif Wal-Mart trSwfwHqdyfonf aps;0,folwdkYtm; ,HkMunfrI jzpfapyg onf/

(8) vkyfief; jydKifqdkifrI ydkrdk jyif;xefvm onf/ (More competition) ¤if;onf obm0w&m;jzpfí oif a&Smifí &rnf r[kwfyg/ vkyfief;rsm; wd;k wufzUHG jzdK;vmonfEiS t hf rQ jydKifqikd rf I vnf; ydrk kd jyif;xefvmygrnf/ oifonf ¤if;twGuf ÓPfynm? tawGUtMuHK rsm;jzifh &ifqdkif&efom jzpfonf/ ICT enf;ynmrsm;u oifhtm; tultnD ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ (9) p½dkufwl? tMudKufwl? todkif;t0ef; ydkrsm;vmonf/ (Communities of practices)

(7) vkyfief;i,fawG tvkyf ydkvkyfvmEdkif ovdk? vkyfief;MuD;awGvnf; ydkMuD;vm w,f/ (More minnows, more giant) ICT enf;ynmaMumifh vkyi f ef;i,f rsm;twGuf tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &vmae onf/ ¤if;twGuf oifonf tvkyaf wG ydkvkyfEdkifygrnf/ odkY&mwGif vkyfief;MuD; wpfckjzpfonfh Wal-Mart ud k a wmh

92

uGefysLwm*sme,f

,aeYacwf vli,frsm;onf tif wmeufuaz; odYk r[kwf rdrd uGeyf sLwm tifwmeufukd oH;k í urÇmwpf0ef; Edik if H rsm;&dS vli,frsm;ESifh qufoG,frdMu onf/ aemufawmh p½du k w f ?l tMudKufwl jzpfvmMuum tzGUJ todik ;f t0ef; wpfcpk D jzpfvmMuonf/ ¤if;todkif;t0ef;rsm; vnf; ydkrsm;vmonf/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;?

wpfzUJG ESihf wpfzUJG enf;ynm zvS,Ef ikd Mf u onf / pD ; yG m ;a&;e,f y ,f w G i f v nf ; p½dkufwl? tMudKufwlrsm; a&G;cs,fEdkifyg onf/ (10) ½H;k vkyif ef; zGpUJ nf;yHk ajyavsmv h monf/ (The loose-knit corporation)

½Hk;vkyfief;pOfrsm; pnf;urf;rJhvm jcif;udk rqdkvdkyg/ zGJUpnf;rI wif;usyfyHk r&dSawmhjcif;? ICT enf;ynmaMumifh txufESifhatmuf qufqHrI tqifajy vmjcif;rsKd; jzpfonf/ Microsoft rS Bill Gates onf rdrdvufatmuf 0ef xrf;tqifhqifhtm; olYxHodkY tD;ar;vf ydkYcGifhjyKxm;onf/ rauseyfcsuf? tMuH jyKcsuf ponf ay;ydkYEdkifonf/ Bill Gates uvnf; tD;ar;vfrsm;udk ta&; w,l zwf½Ionf/ txufESifh atmuf wdkuf½dkuf awGUqHkjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ taMumif;tcsurf sm;udk odaeapjcif;jzpf onf/ refae*sif;'g½dkufwm? refae*sm ponf tqifq h ifh wufae&onfh tae txm;rsKd; r[kwfawmhyg/ (11) wwfEdkiforQ zGifhjyD; qufqHjcif; r[mAsL[m/ (Openness as a strategy)

pD;yGm;a&;wGifvnf;aumif;? enf; ynmwGifvnf;aumif; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; vQKdU0Sufí r&awmh yg/ enf;ynmwGif igom vQKdU0Sufxm;rnf[ k tawG; a&mufcJhonfh Apple uGefysLwmukrÜPD onf IBM aMumifh usqHk;vkeD;yg; jzpf cJhzl;onf/ Apple onf olxkwfvkyf onfh ypönf;udkom oHk;&rnf/ ola&;qGJ onfh aqmhz0f u J o kd m oH;k &rnf[í l uGef ysLwmrsm; xkwfvkyfcJhonf/ aumif;yg aomfvnf; trsm;tMudKuf rjzpfawmh yg/ IBM onf enf;ynmudk zGifhay;cJh onf/ ,ck tifwmeufwGif open source rsm; &dSvmaeonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG (12) ukefxkwfvkyfolrsm;u aumif;rGef atmif aqmif&Gufay;Edkifa&;udk ydkrdk OD;pm; ay;vmMuonf/ (Manufacture as service providers)

wpfcsdeu f ukeyf pön;f xkwv f yk o f l wdkYonf olwdkYypönf; rsm;rsm;a&mif;Edkif a&;udo k m OD;pm;ay;Muonf/ oH;k pGo J w l Ykd vdktyfcsufudk rMunhfcJhyg/ ,ck yHkpH ajymif;cJhygjyD/ olwdkY xkwfvkyfonfh ypönf;rsm;udk oHk;pGJolwdkY\ wHkYjyefcsuf rsm;udk aumif;pGm vufcH pOf;pm;vmMu onf/ ypönf;a&mif;onfh aps;onfom ruawmhyg/ oH;k pGo J w l Ykd tm; 0efaqmifrI rsm;udkvnf; ay;Edkif&ef MudK;pm;vmMu onf/ (13) ½H;k ESihf tdrf obm0 ruGmjcm;awmhyg/ (The inversion of home and office) ICT enf ; ynmaMumif h ½H k ; ES i f h

tdrfonf 0g,mMudK;wpfacsmif;om jcm; awmhonf/ oifh ½Hk;vkyfief;rsm;udk ½Hk; wGif aqmif&Gufaeonfhtvm; tdrfwGif jyKvkyEf ikd o f nf/ Edik if &H yfjcm;&dS tcsKUd aom ½Hk;rsm;wGif 0efxrf;tcsKdUudk tdrfwGif ½Hk;tvkyf vkyfaponf/ ¤if;twGuf 0efxrf; MudKydYk ,mOf avmifpmqD ukeu f s rI enf;oGm;onf/ tcsdefydkxGufvm onf/ 0efxrf;\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk ½H;k rS wdu k ½f u dk x f ed ;f csKyfEikd o f nf/ wpfcsed f wGif ½H;k ESihf tdro f nf twlwyl if jzpfvm Edkifonf/

Future

Current

S

STRATEGY

W STRATEGY

O

SCENARIO

T

(14)udk,fa&;udk,fwm tcsuftvuf rsm; aygufMum;Edkifonf/ (Loss of privacy)

yGifhvif;aom enf;ynm? vQKdU0Suf csuf enf;aom enf;ynmrsm; jzpfvmí oifh udk,fa&;tcsuftvufrsm; ayguf Mum;Edkifonfu rqef;yg/ ¤if;twGuf enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tcsuftvufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;&ef vdktyfygrnf/ (15) wpfurÇmvHk;u vdktyfaeonfrSm uRrf;usifrI jzpfonf/ (A global premium of skill) ICT enf;ynmrsm;

jrifhrm;wdk; wufvmovdk uRr;f usipf mG toH;k csEikd zf Ykd &mvnf; vdktyfvmaeonf/ urÇmh vdktyfcsuf[kvnf; qdkEdkifonf/ (16) vlawG ydkjyD; y"me usvmonf/

(People as the ultimate) ICT enf;ynmonf ÓPfynm (knowledge) ud k tajccH o nf /

wpfcsed u f pufprG ;f tm;aMumifh pD;yGm;a&;

rsm; ydkrdk aumif;vmcJhonf[k xifrSwf zG,f &dSonf/ ,ck pufpGrf;tm;rsm; wdk; wufvmovdk vlom;wdkY\ ÓPfpGrf; tm;udk vdktyfvmonf/ ICT e,fy,f wGif vlom;wdkYu ydkjyD; y"meusvm onf/

yHkpHopf pD;yGm;a&;pepfwGif rnfodkY pDrHtkyfcsKyfMurnfenf;/ yHpk o H pf pD;yGm;a&;ESihf vdu k af vsmnD axG jzpf&ef pDrHtkyfcsKyfolrsm;? r[mAsL [mrsm; cif ; usif ; aqmif & G u f E d k i f & ef atmufyg jzpfay:ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk aZmif;ay;avhvm&ygrnf/ (u)ICT enf;ynm wd;k wufajymif;vJrI aMumifh rdrdtzGJUtpnf;twGif; quf oG , f a ygif ; quf v k y f u d k i f r I r sm; ajymif;vJoGm;EdkifyHk? (Changes in structure of organization)

(c)todÓPftvkyfrsm; OD;pm;ay;vm aom acwfMuD;wGif rdrdvkyfief;rS rnf u J h o d k Y aom wef z d k ; zef w D ; rI (value creation) rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifyHk? (*)Globalization aMumifh ajymif;vJomG ; rnfh jydKifqikd rf yI o kH P²mef? pDrt H yk cf sKyfrI yHkoP²mefrsm;? txufyg ajymif;vJrIrsm;aMumifh raocsm ra&&mrIrsm;ydkrdkrsm;jym; us,f jyefYvmrnfjzpf&m pDrt H yk cf sKyforl sm;tae jzifh ICT enf;ynmrsm; toHk;jyKum owif;tcsuftvufrsm; wwfEdkiforQ jynfhpHkaumif;rGef&efESifh vsifjrefpGm &&dSrI

Ed0k ifbm? 2008

93

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG wdkYtay: rlwnfjyD; r[mAsL[musus pDrH aqmif&GufEdkifjcif; (strategic management) jyKvkyE f ikd &f ef ta&;MuD;vm ygjyD/

r[mAsL[majrmufpDrHcefYcGJjcif; (Strategic management)

yHpk o H pf pD;yGm;a&;onf r[mAsL[m cif ; usif ; pD r H aqmif & G u f E d k i f & ef r S m txufazmfjyyg tcsut f vufrsm; jynfh pHkaumif;rGefjcif;ESifh vsifjrefpGm &&dSEdkif jcif;wdkYtay: rlwnfvsuf &dSonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf yHkpHopf ajymif;vJrI jzpfpOfrsm; aMumifh ra&&m rao csmrIrsm; rsm;jym;vm rnf h t wG u f owif;tcsut f vuf pepf aumif;rGefrIudk tm;xm;jyD ; r[m AsL[m cif;usif;&awmh rnf jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh aumif;rGefonfh r[mAsL[m wpfck csrSwfEdkif&ef ypöKyÜefESifh tem*wf ESpfckpvHk;udk wpfjydKifwnf; yHk&dyfazmfEdkif pGrf; (strategic posture) udk jyKvkyfEdkif &ygrnf/ r[mAsL[m aqmif&GufEdkif&ef rdrd vkyfief;\ ypöKyÜeftajctaeESifh rSef;qEdkifaom tem*wfu jzpfay:vm rnfh vkyif ef;cGif cefYreS ;f yH&k yd w f Ykd ay:wGif tajccHí aqmif&Guf&rnf jzpfonf/ vkyfief;\ ypöKyÜef tajctaeudk azmfxkwfEdkif&ef trsm;pk w&if;wEDS; odxm;Muonfh S.W.O.T analysis udk jyKvkyf azmfxkwf&rnfjzpfygonf/ rdrd vkyfief;\ (Strength) tm;omcsuf? rdrdvkyfief;\ (Weakness) tm;enf; csuf ? rdrd&&dSEdkifrnfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm; (Opportunites) ESifh rdrdvkyfief;tm; jcd r f ; ajcmuf tEÅ & m,f j yKEd k i f r I r sm;

94

uGefysLwm*sme,f

(Threads) udk azmfxkwfMunfhjcif; jzpf

onf/ rdrv d yk if ef; &ifqikd af wGUMuHK&rnfh tem*wfcefYrSef;yHk&dyf (scenario) udk tjcm;wpfzufwGif pepfwus yHkazmfEdkif &ef ta&;MuD;ygonf/ tem*wfumv \ pD;yGm;a&;enf;ynm wdk;wufrItajc taersm;tjyif yx0D ajymif;vJjzpfay: rIrsm;aMumifh vlrIpD;yGm;a&;0ef;usiffudk MudKwifcefYrSef;jyD; (scenario) yHk&dyf azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkY rdrd vkyfief;\ ypöKyÜefESifh tem*wf tajc taersm;udkazmfxkwfí taumif;qHk; jzpfrnfh r[mAsL[mudk azmfaqmif &ef jzpfygonf/

uREfkyfwdkY tck ta&;wMuD; bmvkyfzdkY vdkaeygjyDvJ/ pD;yGm;a&; vkyf ief ; tod k i f ; t0ef ; tm;vHk; vdktyfaeonfu ICT enf;ynmrsm;ESihf qufpyfjyD; rdrdvkyfief;twGuf ]]r[mAsL[majrmuf pD;yGm;a&;zGHUjzdK;wdk;wufrI (strategic business development) vkyfMu&yg awmhrnf/ xdyfydkif; pDrHtkyfcsKyfolrsm; tm; owday;wpfck azmfjyygrnf/ ¤if; onf "Executive in all kind of companies will be forced to rethink the strategic fundamental of their business" jzpfygonf/

Od;wif0if;atmif Ouú| (Group Chairman MCC Group of Companies)

Digital ESihf analog wDAGD tpDtpOf

rsm;udk yDpED iS hf notebook wGif MunhEf ikd rf nfh ASUS My Cinema U-3000 Hybrid TV Tuner Digital (DVB-T) eJY Analog (PAL/ NTSC) wDAGD tpDtpOfrsm;udk Munfh½I

rSwfwrf;wifxm;csifolawGtwGuf ASUS trSwfwHqdyf USB trsKd; tpm; My Cinema U3000 Hybrid uwfudk oHk;Edkifonf/ ¤if;wGif tqifh jrifh Dibcom DVB-T Channel Decoder udk oHk;xm;ygonf/ wDADGtpDtpOfMunhfjcif;? owif; em;axmifjcif;? urÇmhrdk;av0o owif;rsm; em;axmifjcif;? tqdkyg owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk zrf;,l odrf;qnf;xm;jcif;? "mwfyHkESifh AD'D,dkrsm; a&G;cs,fjcif;? FM ESifh MP3 oDcsif; em;axmifjcif;? udk,fydkif ½kyf&Sif jyKvkyfjcif;? VCD, DVD jyKvkyfjcif; ponfwdkYudk tqdkyg tuner u aqmif&Gufay;Edkifonf/ t&G,ftpm; ao;i,faomaMumifh o,f,l& vG,fulonf/ ta0;xdef; cvkwfESifh tpDtpOfrsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkif onf/ xdkYtjyif 'Live' wDADGtpDtpOf rsm;udk acwå &yfem;xm;EdkifjyD; aemuf ydkif;rSqufvuf Munfh½IEdkifonf/ External full-band antenna, antenna adaptor, USB cable wdkY yg0ifyg onf/ASUS \

xkwfukefrsm; ESifhywfoufí odvo kd nfrsm;udk GoldenPower Technology

odkY qufoG,f pHkprf;Edkifyg onf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Guf todokwtw crf;em;wJh &SmykHawmfc&D;u w&m;awGeJY oDtkd&Doabm ,f/ tpysKd;avh&SdcJhw MuD;rm;vSwJh tckawmh {&mr kHeJY pw,f/ a'wm tpkty S byte Age r Peta

MudKqkdygw,f/

? H k ; d * e D \ d k & D t o rf;rsm;

v ; f n e s u ; f n e H Ü I ody r s u H Q v m w ' fh a n r p a ; m G o f e k acwfu

ae&mwumrSm tm½HkcHud&d,m sensor awG &Sdw,f/ odkavSmifrI pGrf;&nfu tuefYtowfrJh teEÅ/ Processor awG tpktzGJU tHkvdkufusif;vdkufoHk;aom cloud wGufcsufrIyHkpHawG ay:aygufvmw,f/ a'wmawGudk {&mr tpktyHkyrmPeJY zrf;,l? odkavSmif xdef;odrf; em;vnfEdkifpGrf;awG &SdvmwJhtcg odyÜH? aq;ynm? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;eJY enf;ynme,fy,frsm;udk ajymif;vJoGm;apawmhw,f/ tcsuftvufeJY udef;*Pef; pkaqmif;rI MuD;xGm;vmwJhtcg tajccHusaom ar;cGef;rsm; tajz&SmzdkY&m tcGifhtvrf;vnf; MuD;rm;vmygw,f/ bmvdkYqdk {&mra'wmacwfumvrSm omvGef rsm;jym;jcif;u omvGefrsm;jym;½Hk oufouf rubl;/ rwl jcm;em;rIudkyg jzpfapwJhtwGufaMumifhygyJ/ Ek0d ifbm? 2008

95

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG ]]rd'k ,fypkH iH ,ftm;vH;k u rSm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh tcsKdUu toHk;usygw,f/}} pm&if;tif; ynm&Sif Statistician Georage Box vGec f ahJ om ESpaf ygif; 30 u ajymcJhw,f/ olajymwmrSefw,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkYrSm bmrsm;aum a&G;cs,fp&m &Sdao;vdkYvJ/ pMu0Vmqdkif &m nDrQjcif;awGuae vlYtjyKtrlqikd &f m oDt&kd aD wGtxd urÇm avmutaMumif; &Sif;jyzdkY&m rdk',fyHkpHi,frsm;onfom (rjynfhpHkbl;qdk&ifawmif) a&SUaemuf nD nD nGwfnGwf wpfvHk;wpnf;wnf; yHkazmfay;EdkifpGrf; &Sdw,fvdkY xif&w,f/ tJ'g tcktxdvdkYyJ ajym&vdrhfr,f/ a'wmawG tpktjyHKvdkuf ayg
udk ud, k q hf D vrf;aygufzYkd vkyaf y;w,f/ vGecf w hJ hJ 10 ESp/f yxrqH;k aom search engine crawlers awGu ¤if;udk wpfck wnf;aom database jzpfatmif vkyf ay;w,f/ ,ck Google eJY ¤if;ESifh pdwf wlu, kd w f l ukrP Ü aD wG[m ordik ;f ü wdik ;f wm rSwfom;rI tcH&qHk; acwfumv twGif; owif;tcsufawG ppfcs n§pf xkw, f al eMuw,f/ 'D{&mr tpktyHMk uD; udk vlrt I odik ;f t0dik ;f tajctae oH;k oyf cGJjcm;zdkY "mwfcJGcef;vdk udkifwG,fvmMu w,f/ olwdkY[m Petabyte acwf&JU &ifaoG;i,frsm;yJ jzpfygw,f/ Petabyte Age u rwluGJjym;w,f/ bmjzpf vdYkvq J akd wmh ydrk rkd sm;jym; omvGew f t hJ cg rwl jcm;em;vmvd k Y yJ / Kilobytes t&G,ftpm;udk floppy disks awGrSm odkavSmifodrf;qnf;Muw,f/ Megabytes t&G,ftpm;udk hard disks awG rSm odrf;Muw,f/ Terabytes t&G,f tpm;udk disk array tpkta0;rSm oH;k Mu w,f/ Petabytes udkawmh cloud ay: rS m od r f ; Muygw,f / uRef a wmf w d k Y wpfawG xdkjzpfxGef; wdk;wufrI wpf avQmuf jzwfoef; a&GUvsm;wJhtcg

oDcsi;f tyk'f 260ç000 qHw h Jh a':vm 200 wef

Facebook odYk vpOf upload wifonfh

hard drive.

"mwfyHk yrmP

trsK;d om;&moDOwkqikd &f m

You Tube ay:&dS AD'D,dktm;vHk;

data center uGeyf sLwm

½HkrS pkaqmif;xm;onfh 'pf*spfw,f rdk;av0o a'wmtm;vHk;

96

uGefysLwm*sme,f

folder udk zdi k Af ½D ekd YJ EIid ;f &muae pmMunfh wdkufeJY EIdif;vm&w,f/ Petabytes

tqifah &mufwt hJ cgrSmawmh tzGUJ tpnf; vdkuf ,SOf&wmxufawmif ausmfoGm; ygao;w,f/ Petabytes pau;rS m vH k ; 0ud k uGjJ ym;wJh csO;f uyfenf; awmif;qdw k ,f/ a'wmudk ocFsmenf;t& t&ifq;kH ½Ijrif oH;k oyfw,f/ Context tquftpyfukd aemufrS vdkufí xlaxmifw,f/ Oyrm tm;jzifh Google rS aMumfjimurÇmudk atmifEdkifcJh&m enf;vrf;rSm toHk;cs ocFsm applied mathematics xuf enf;enf;rS rydkbl;/ aMumfjim avmu ,Ofaus;rIeJY vkyfxHk; enf;vrf;awG taMumif; odw,fvdkY [efraqmifbl;/ ydkaumif;onfh a'wmudk ydkaumif;onfh cGJjcrf;pdwfjzma&; ud&d,meJY wGJvdkuf&if wpfaeY atmifEdkifr,fvdkYyJ ,lqw,f/ jyD;awmh Google rSefcJhygw,f/ Google &JU tajccHtw k jf rpf tawG; tac:u 'D page u [dk page xuf bmaMumifh ydkaumif;ovJ uRefawmfwdkY rodb;l / 0ifvmwJh Links awG&UJ pm&if; tif; statistics u ]]tJ'g aumif;w,f}}

[yfbJtmumo w,fvDpukyfrS pkaqmif; &&Sdonfh a'wmESifh ½kyfyHktm;vHk;

Large Hadran Collider

ancestry.com rS rsK;d ½d;k pOfqufjy database, 1790 rS 2000 txd US oef;acgif pm&if; rSwfwrf;yg0ifonf/

Google \ qmAmrsm;wGif

trIeft&Sdefay;pufrS tywf pOf xkwfvkyfrnfh a'wm yrmP

72 rdepfwdkif; udkifwG,f vkyfaqmifonfh a'wm yrmP

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

98

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

*Pef;a'wmoufouf qufE, T cf suf correlation tqiftuGuyf pHk rH sm; vdYk ñTe;f &if vHak vmufjyD/ t"dymÜ ,f semantic txdvdkufí cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmzdkY rvdkbl;/ 'gaMumifh Google u bmom pum;awG wu,frodbJ bmomjyefEikd f wmyJ/ jyD; 'gaMumifhyJ aMumfjim ads eJY taMumif;t&m content awG wGJay;Edkif wmyJ/ tJ'D ads odkYr[kwf content eJY ywfoufvYkd bm todow k ,lqcsufrS r&Sw d mawmifryS aJ ygh/ Google &JU okaw oeqdkif&m 'g½dkufwmu George Box &JU aqmifyk'fudk atmufygtwdkif; update vkyaf y;cJw h ,f/ ]]rd'k ,ftm;vH;k rSm; w,f/ jyD;awmh oifu ¤if;wdkYrygbJeJY atmifjrifrI&wmawG ydkrsm;vmaew,f/ tck[mu {&mra'wm tpktyHk yrmPeJY toHk;csocFsmwdkYrS tjcm; ud&d ,m tool tm;vH;k udk tpm;xd;k 0ifa&muf vmwJh urÇmavmujzpfygw,f/ vlom; tjyKtrlqdkif&mawG bmomaA'eJY vlrI todik ;f t0dik ;f avhvmpl;prf;wJh sociology awGtxd oDt& kd t D m;vH;k udk tpm;xd;k zdkY&m jzpfw,f/ trsKd;tpm;cJGrI? &SdrIaA'?

pdwfynm taxonomy, ontology eJY psychology awG arhypfvdkuf/ vlawG olwYkd vkyaf ewJt h &m bmaMumifh vkyMf u ovJ b,folodrvJ/ t"duuswJh tcsufu olwdkY tJ'gawG vkyfMuw,f/ jyD; uRefawmfwdkYu xdkvkyf&yfrsm;udk t&ifr&SdcJhzl;wJh tEkpdwf? tao;pdwfus rIjzifh ajc&maumuf wdkif;wm rSwfom; Edik w f ,fqw kd myJ/ vHak vmufwhJ a'wm& vm&if udef;*Pef;awGu olwdkYbmom pum;ajymvmvdrhfr,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dae&mrSm csde&f , G w f hJ ypf rSwfMuD;u aMumfjimtwGuf r[kwfbl;/ odyu HÜ kd jzpfw,f/ odyeHÜ nf;usenf;vrf; qdkwm prf;oyfEdkifwJh tEkrme rSef;q csuf hypotheses awGtay: tajcjyK wnfaqmufw,f/ 'D models awGu tydkif;trsm;pkrSm odyÜHynm&SifawG&JU pdwt f wGi;f xifvif;pGmyHak zmfay;wJh pepf awG jzpfw,f/ aemuf models awGudk prf;oyfrIawGjyKvkyfjyD; vufawGU prf; oyfcsuu f urÇmavmu b,fvt kd vkyf

vkyfovJqdkwJh oD0&Dqdkif&m rdk',fudk twnfjyKay;w,f/ 'grSr[kwf rSm;,Gi;f aMumif; azmfxkwfay;w,f/ 'g[m odyÜH rS ESpfaygif;&mcsD aqmif&GufcJhwJhenf;yJ/ qufET,fcsuf correlation [m tusKd;w&m; jzpfapwJh taMumif;w&m; r[kwfaMumif; oabmydkuf cH,lzdkY&m odyÜHynm&SifawG avhusihf oifMum;cH xm;&w,f/ 'gaMumifh x eJY y quf ET,cf suftay: tajccHí b,fvkd tqH;k owf aumufcsufrS rqGJ,loihfbl;/ (tJ'g wdu k q f ikd rf I oufoufom jzpfEikd f w,fav/) tJ'Dtpm; oif[m xdkt&m ESpfckudk qufoG,fzdkY atmufcH ,EÅ&m; udk em;vnf&r,f/ oifhrSm model yHkpHi,f&wmeJY xdka'wmtpkawGudk ,Hk Munf pdwfcspGmjzifh qufoG,fay;Edkif r,f/ yHkpHi,fr&SdwJh a'wm[m noise taESmifht,Suf qlnHoH oufoufyJ/ 'gayr,fh {&mr a'wm tpktyHkeJY &ifqikd &f wJt h cg 'D (tEkrme rSe;f qcsuf xk w f hypothesize, yH k p H i ,f x k w f model, prf;oyf test ) qdkwJh odyÜHodkY csOf;uyfenf;u acwfuek f aqG;jrnfv h m w,f/ ½lyaA'udk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ e,l wef rdk',f[m trSefw&m;odkY tMurf; pm; cefYrSef;rI jzpfw,f/ (tPkjrLtqihf a&mufwJhtcg rSm;,Gif;ukefw,f/ 'gay r,fh toHk;awmh usw,f/) vGefcJhwJh ESpaf ygif;wpf&muawmh pm&if;tif;ynm statistics tay: tajccHwJh uGrfwrf rufueJ pfu ydak umif;aom ½kyyf u kH m;csyf ay;urf;w,f/ 'gayr,fv h nf; uGrw f rf rufuJepfonfvnf; xdkxdkaom tjcm; rd'k ,fwpfck jzpfaeao;um ydí k ½Iyaf xG; wJh atmufct H &St d rSew f &m;udk ½kyaf jymif yHkwl ul;qGJovdk twefi,f tcsKd;zsuf cHxm;&um jypfcsuf ruif;ao;bl;/ (Caricature ud k Munf h & if b,f o l b,f0g cJGjcm;Edkifayr,fh "mwfyHkvdk wl wmawmh r[kwfbl;av/)

Ek0d ifbm? 2008

99

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG jyD;cJw h hJ q,fpEk pS af wGrmS ½lyaA'u n-dimension twdkif;rsm;wJh grand unified models taMumif; oD0&D qdkif &m rSef;qcsufrsm;qDodkY arsmyg a&TU ajymif;oGm;&jcif;[m uReaf wmfwYkdtaeeJY hypotheses awG rS e f a Mumif ; ? rS m ; aMumif; oufaojyzdYk vufawGUprf;oyf csuf b,fvv kd yk &f r,frodvYkd jzpfw,f/ pGr;f tifawGu odyjf rihzf Ykd vdw k ,f/ trIef t&Sdefay;puf accelerators awGu aps; odyfMuD;w,f ponfjzifh/ ,ckZD0aA'onfvnf; xdk wlnD aom wl½lcsufqDyJ OD;wnfaew,f/ ausmif;rSm oif&wJh ]vTr;f rd;k ADZ}eJY ]ikyAf ZD } genes awGu Mendelian process udk rnfodkY wif;usyfpGm vrf;ñTefw,fqdk aom models [m t&SdtrSefw&m;udk e,lwef&UJ Oya'oawGxufawmif ydjk yD; vGefvGefuJuJ tvG,favQmhajymaewm

jzpfaMumif; ay:xGufvmw,f/ Gene eJY protein wHkYjyef quf oG,rf I azmfxw k af wGU&Sv d mwJt h cg DNA onfom tcsKyftudkif tqHk;owfqdkwJh ½Ijrifcsuftay: pdefac:cHvm&w,f/ Genetic t& rjzpfEdkifbl;vdkY wpfcsdefu awG;xifcJhaom ywf0ef;usifu tarGcH vu©Pm&yfrsm;tay: oufa&mufrI &Sd EdkifyHk oufao taxmuftxm; xGuf vmw,f/ twd k c sH K ;ajym&&if ZD 0 aA' taMumif; uRefawmfwdkY ydkí avhvm oif,lvmavav? uRefawmfwdkY[m model wpfcu k &Si;f jyEdik o f nfxuf ydí k a0;a0;rSm&Sad Mumif; awGUvm&avavyJ/ tck ydak umif;wJeh nf; &Sv d mjyD/ Petabytes u uRefawmfwdkYtaeeJY ]]udef; *Pef; qufoG,frI correlation eJYwif vHkavmufjyD}}[k ajymvdkY &vmapw,f/

Software bot wpfcw k nf;rS jyKvyk o f nfh Wikipedia edit axmifaygi;f rsm;pGmudk

rsujf rif azmfxm;yH/k ta&mifwpfcpk u D rwlujJG ym;aom pmrsuEf mS jzifh oufqikd o f nf/

100

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uRefawmfwdkY[m models awG &SmazGrI &yfqdkif;EdkifjyD/ bmudk jyr,fvdkY hypotheses r&Sb d J a'wmudk cGjJ crf;pdwjf zmEdik f jyD/ uRefawmfwdkY[m urÇmay:rS tMuD; qHk; computing clusters twGif; udef; *Pef;awG ypfoiG ;f Edik jf yD; odyrHÜ S rvkyEf ikd f wJh tqiftuGuf patterns awG? statistical algorithms eJY &SmazGrI jyKvkyE f ikd f apw,f/ taumif;qHk; vufawGU Oyrmu awmh J.Craig Venter &JU shotgun gene sequencing jzpfygw,f/ Highspeed sequencers awGu xkwfwJh a'wmawGudk supercomputers awGu statistic enf;eJY cJGjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;tm; jzifh Venter [m ouf&Sd wpfrsKd;wnf; sequence tpDtpOf&Smr,fhtpm; a*[ pepf ecosystem wpfckvHk;&JU sequence tpDtpOf &Sm,lvmw,f/ 2003 ckEp S f twGif; olu ork'´&mxJrS t&mrsm;pGm sequencing pwifcJhw,f/ uyÜwdef cook &JU c&D;vrf;udk jyefvnfajc&m xyfíaygh/ 2005 ckESpfrSm olu a0[if xJrmS pwif sequencing vkyv f mw,f/ 'Dvkyfief;pOftwGif; ol[m ,cifrawGU cJh&ao;aom AufwD;&D;,m;eJY tjcm; ouf&o dS iG jf yif axmifaygif; rsm;pGm &SmazG awGU&Sdvmygw,f/ ]]rsK;d pdwo f pf &SmazGawGU&Sjd cif;}} qdw k hJ pum;vHk;awGu 'g0ifeJY olY&JU zihfpm uav; a&;qGJrI ½kyfyHkrsm; pdwf0,f jyef ay:vmapw,fqdk&if oif[m odyÜHudk enf;vrf;a[mif;twdkif; jyKvkyfenf; tay: tHhMordr,f/ Venter [m ol &Sm awGUwJh rsKd;pdwfawGtaMumif; bmrQ rajymEdkifoavmufbJ/ olwdkY b,fvdk yHpk &H rdS ,f/ b,fv&kd iS o f efw,f/ olwYkd&UJ jyifyoGifjyif ½kyfvu©Pm bmqdkbmrQ rodbl;/ olu genome wpfckvHk; awmif r&Sdbl;/ olYrSm&SdorQu pm&if; tif; yHkpH statistical yJ/ Database

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG aiGaMu; axmufyHhrI tpDtpOfjzpfw,f/ xdk cluster tpktwJGrSm processors aygif ; 1600, memory terabytes rsm;pGm? terabytes &mcsDwhJ odak vSmifa&; storage awG ygw,f/ Google file system, IBM &JU Tivoli eJY Google &JU Map Reduce open source version

,ckjyxm;aom sumulation t& Large Hardron Collider onf Higgs Boson uJo h Ykd trIerf sm; &SmawGEU ikd f avmufonf/ twGif; tjcm; sequence eJY rwlwJh wpfrlxl; uJGxGufaeaom sequence [m rsKd;pdwfopfudk udk,fpm;jyKaewm jzpf&r,f/ 'D sequence udk ¤if;eJY qifwljyD; taMumif;tcsuf ydrk kd od&x dS m;wJh tjcm; sequence eJY qufET,fMunfhEdkifw,f/ 'D t cg Venter u xd k w d & pä m ef a wG taMumif; rSef;qcsuf vkyfvmEdkifr,f/ olwdkYu aea&mifjcnfudk pGrf;tifodkY xdkxdkaomenf;jzifh ajymif;onfqdkonfh taMumif;? 'grSr[kwf olwdkY[m xdkxdk aom bHw k n l o D nfh bd;k ab;rsK;d ½d;k rS qif; oufvmonfqdkonfh taMumif; 'gh tjyifvnf; 'DrsKd;pdwfeJY ywfoufí oloo d nfh model yHpk rH mS Google rS oihf

102

uGefysLwm*sme,f

MySpace Page taMumif; odonfh yHp k H

rsKd;xuf ydkí romyg/ ¤if;wdkYudk google t&nftaoG;&Sd computing &if;jrpfeYJ cGjJ crf;pdwjf zmjcif; jzifh Venter [m olYrsKd;quftwGif; tjcm;olawG vkyEf ikd w f mxuf ydrk pkd mG ZD0 aA'udk wdk;wufzGHUjzdK;apcJhjyD/ 'Dvdk pOf;pm;yHkrsKd;[m yifr a&pD;xJ a&mufvmzdYk csed &f , G af ejyD/ azazmf0g&Dv rSm National Science Foundation u Cluster Exploratory udk aMunmcJh w,f / Google, IBM eJ Y tjcm; wuúov kd af jcmufcw k Ykd yl;aygif;azmfxw k f cJw h hJ tMuD;pm;pau; distributed computing platform jzpfw,f/ xdk platform tay: run r,fh okawoeawG

vdk aqmhzf0JawG ygw,f/ tapmydkif; CluE Projects awGrmS OD;aESmufeYJ tm½Hk aMumpepf oGifwljyKrIawG? tjcm; ZD0 aA'qdik &f m okawoeawG ygr,f/ 'Dvkd pau; t&G,t f pm;&Sd ]]uGeyf sLwm}} oH;k zdYk avhvmoif,l&jcif;[m pdefac:rIMuD; jzpfEikd w f ,f/ 'gayr,fh tcGit hf vrf;[m MuD;rm;w,f/ rwefwq MuD;rm;wJh a'wmtpktyHk &&Sv d mEkid rf ?I 'Dued ;f *Pef; awG Mudwfajc udkuf0g;zdkY pm&if;tif; qdkif&m statistical tools awGeJYtwl urÇmudk odem;vnfzYkd enf;opfwpfcv k ;kH ay;urf;vmw,f/ udef;*Pef; quf ET , f c suf correlation u tusKd ; taMumif;w&m; causation udk omvGef vmw,f/ odyHÜ[m wvHk;wpnf;wnf; yHkay:aom models rygbJeJYudk zGHUjzdK; wdk;wufvmEdkifaumif;w,f/ aygif;pyf pkpnf;rI oD0&DawG &Sif;jyzdkY&m atmufcH ,EÅ&m;awG rygbJeJYudk jzpfvmEdkif avmufw,f/ acwf a qG ; enf ; a[mif ; ud k zuf wG,x f m;zdYk &m taMumif;r&S/d tck[mu ]]odyo HÜ nf google xHrS bmawG oif,l EdkifrvJ}} [k ar;&r,fh tcsdefyJ jzpfyg w,f/ Google rS ude;f *Pef;rsm; Muw d cf yGJ kH 1. Collect Map Reduce u

orm;½dk;us zGJU pnf ; wnf a qmuf y H k u s database tay: rrSDcdkbl;/ xdk tpOftvmyHkpHrSm pkaqmif; aumuf,luwnf;u owif; tcsuu f kd categorized vkyf trsK;d tpm;

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG cGJ,lw,f/ ,ck yHkpHrSm Google rS scan vkyfxm;aom pmtkyfwdkif;&JU pmom; tjynfhtpHkudk pkpnf;,lw,f/ 2. Map

a'wmudk ,SOfwGJ map vkyfay;wJh function a&;&w,f/ Google Books twGi;f pum;vH;k wdik ;f &JU toH;k jyKrIwikd ;f a&wGuyf g/ ]]xdk request udk wyfaxmif wm Adkvfxk&Sd uGefysLwm tpkta0; tm;vH;k ay:odYk cGaJ y;vdu k w f ,f/ wpfv;kH csif;pD vkyfaqmifzdkY a'wm twHk;tcJ vdkuf owfrSwfay;w,f/ Oyrm- uGefysLwm A u ]]ppfESihf jidrf; csrf;a&;}} pmtkyf&r,f/ xdkpufu xdk pmtkyfrSm bmpum;vHk;awG ygr,f od w,f/ 'gayr,fh ]]tifemu&DeDem}} xJ bm&Sdw,frodbl;/ 3. Save Map vkyfwJh PC &maygif; rsm;pGm u wpfvHk;pD[m &v'fudk Local hard drive rSmyJ odr;f w,f/ a'wmul;ajymif; zdkY vdkwJhtcsdef jzwfcsay;w,f/ 'Reduce' function vkyfzdkY owfrSwfay; xm;wJh uGefysLwmawGu map vkyfay; aom mapper uGefysLwmxHrS pm&if;

udk qGJudkifw,f/ 4. Reduce Reduce

uGefysLwmu pum;vHk; rsm; pm&if;udk qufET,frI tqifuGuf &Smay;w,f/ tck pum;vHk; wpfvHk;vHk;

udk tMudrf b,favmufoHk;xm;w,f/ b,fpmtkyfrSm oHk;xm;w,f qkdwm odvmw,f/ 5. Solve

&v'fua&m/ oifah 'wmtaMumif; data set wpfck/ uRefawmfwdkY OyrmrSm pum;vHk;awG&JU tqHk;owf pm&if;udk oD;jcm;pD odrf;xm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh vsifjrefpGmjzifh &nfñTef;wm? pHkprf;wm vk y f E d k i f w ,f / ]]awmf v f p wG d K if ; u armfpudk? yg&D b,fEScg azmfjycJhovJ}} oif[m tajz&zdYk tquftpyf r&Sad om a'wmrsm;tMum; ydkufpdyfwdkuf xGef ,uf &SmazGp&m rvdkawmhyg/ urÇmudk trsK;d tpm; pDpOf cJjG cm;jcif;? Google rS a'wm awG pDrcH efcY zJG Ykd enf;opfwx D iG f cJyh kH ½IyfyGaewJh {&mra'wm tpktyHku aejyD; toHk;csEdkifwJh owif;tcsuf tvufawG yifyef;wMuD; ppfxkwf&,l vdkw,fvm;/ oifvkyfzdkY vdkwm ESpfck &Sdw,f/ yxrtrnf trSwftom;xdk; trsKd;tpm;cGJ pDpOfxm;wJh tao;pdwf

tEkpdwfus pDrH xdef;odrf;xm;aom database/ aemuf 'kwd, xdka'wmudk oHk;jyD; tao;pdwf ar;jref;ppfxkwfrI query vkyfay;zdkY&m {&mruGefysLwm MuD;wpfck/ 'gayr,fh petabyte pau; txd a&muf v mwJ h t cg enf ; vrf ; a[mif;MuD;u tvkyfrjzpfawmhbl;/ Tag, sort, categorize, repeat pDrx H ed ;f odr;f rIvyk &f wmeJYwif tcsdeaf wGtm;vH;k ukefqHk;oGm;r,f/ aemuf b,favmuf MuD;onfyJjzpfjzpf wpfvHk;wnf;aom uGefysLwmu xdk ajrmufjrm;vSpGmaom *Pef;awG MudwfcJG0g;rsKdEdkifpGrf; r&Sdbl;/ xdk rd;k xd;k aeatmifMuD;aom a'wm tpkta0;rsm;twGuf google &JU ajz &Sif;csufu Map Reduce [k ac:aom ausmh&iS ;f wJh csOf;uyfrI jzpfw,f/ orm; ½dk;us database vdktyfcsuf y,fazsmuf ay;jyD; tvkyf0efudk server farm tpk ta0;ay:u PC rsm;qD tvdt k avsmuf cJGa0 ydkYaqmifay;w,f/ Googleplex 0if;jcHxJu r[kwfolawGtwGuf ¤if;&JU open source version jzpfaom Hadoop qdkwJh aqmhzf0J Library &Sdw,f/ MapReduce [m "mwfyHkrSonf zkef;eHygwfawGxd olYxH ypfaygufay;ydkY vdkufaom b,fvdk owif; tcsuf tvuf r sKd ; rqd k ud k i f w G , f E d k i f w ,f / txufrmS jyxm;aom erlemrSm Google Books twGif; awGU&wJh pum;vHk; wpfckck&JU Mudrfa&udk a&wGufw,f/ Modula-2

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 103

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Overclock Your Desktop

oihf

PC &JU tvkyv f yk Ef eI ;f ydjk refvmatmif vkyw f mudk

overclocking vkyw f ,fvYkd ac:w,f/ freeup grade

vkyv f &Ykd wJh tvkyw f pfcyk g/ t"du uawmh desktop system &JU core components awG jzpfwhJ processor 1 memory eJY motherboard wd&Yk UJ speed udk jyefcsed u f u kd fay;vdu k fwmygy/J vkyyf v kH yk fenf; rrSe&f ifawmh xdik af e taumif;om;? xoGm;rS usK;d rSe;f od qdw k hJ ude;f rsK;d ayguo f mG ; vdrrfh ,f/ tpdwt f ydik ;f awG ysupf ;D oGm; Edik w f ,f/ 'gawGukd &ifqikd zf Ykd owåd &Sw d ,f/ pdwx f rJ mS MuKd wifyikd ;f jzwfjy;D jyD qd&k ifawmh tckazmfjyr,fh tqihaf wGtwdik ;f vdu k ef m vkyfaqmifygav/ 104

uGefysLwm*sme,f

1

rSefuefwJh

hardware

a&G;

Overclocking vkyfw,fqdkwm

rdrd desktop &JU vuf&Sd tjrefEIef;udk 'Dhxufydkjrefatmif settings ajymif;ay;jcif;ygyJ/ trSefuawmh ydkjref ydkaumif;wJh model awG 0,f&rSm r[kwv f m;/ 0,fEikd &f ifawmh &Sjd yD;om; ta[mif; udyk J jrefvmatmif tMuHtzefvyk &f awmhraygh/ Over-clocking vkyfvdkY &w,f/ PC component awG 0,fawmhr,fvdkY pdwful;&if t&ifqHk;vkyf&rSmu online forums ukd t&if0if avhvmMunfh&w,f/ bmaMumihfvJqdkawmh wcsKdU processor, motherboard eJY memory tpdwftydkif;awG[m olrsm; wumxuf 'Dvdk pGrf;&nfjrihfwmudk ydkvkyfEdkifatmif pDrHxm; vdkYygyJ/ Overclocking vkyfzdkY t"du Key component 3 ck &Sd w,f/ Motherboard, processor eJY memory wdkYygyJ/ yxrqHk; vdktyfwmuawmh BIOS xnfhoGif;jyD;om; motherboard wpfckygyJ/ tJ'D BIOS uae processors speed udk adjust vkyc f sdeu f u kd af y;&w,f/ ud, k yf ikd f pdwMf udKuf qif,lwJh PC twGuf motherboard awG tm;vHk;avmufrSm 'DvdkvkyfvdkY&ygw,f/ Smaller PC maker wcsKdU[mvnf;yJ 'Denf;udyk J oH;k aewmygyJ/ Dell wdYk ? Hewlett-Packard wdYk vkd major PC maker awGu wavmuxkwfwJh motherboard awGrSmawmh overclocking setting udk access vkyfcGihf ay; vmwmudk awGU&w,f/ aemufxyf component wpfcu k awmh processor yJ/ tjrefqHk; processor udk oGm;0,fvdkY uawmh 'Dx h uf ydjk refatmif speed wifzYkd odyu f sefawmhrmS r[kwb f ;l / 'Dvdk processor awGtaeeJY tjrihfqHk; peak speed eJY running vkyfaeMuwmrsm;w,f/ 'gaMumihf tv,ftvwf jref EIe;f &Sjd yD; aps;oufomwJh midrange processor [m oihaf wmf w,f/ aps;EIef;taeeJYvnf; top-end CPU &JU wpf0uf avmufyJ &Sdw,f/ olYudk everclocking vkyfvdkuf&if highend CPU eD;yg; jrefEIef;wifvdkY&w,f/ aemufusefwJhwpfckuawmh memory ygyJ/ DDR2, 1 DDR3 modules awGeJY qdk&ifawmh vdktyfwJh performance boost &Edi k zf Ykd cJ,Of;r,f/ oihf PC rSm graphic card wyfqif xm;r,fqdk&ifawmh overclocking vkyfjyD; jrefEIef; av;q avmuf wifvdkY&w,f/ rdrdwyfqifxm;wJh graphic card &JU model udk vdkufjyD; vkyfaqmifcsOf;uyf&r,fh procedure awG uGmjcm;ygw,f/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

2

tylcsdef vHk;0 twufrcHeJY

wjcm; component tpdwftydkif;awGudk vuf&Sdxuf jrefEIef;jr§ihfwifjyD; tvkyf vkyfEdkifjcif;[m tylxkwfvkyfrI ydkrsm;vmapygw,f/ 'gaMumifh PC &JU tat;ay;pepfudk tav;*½kjyK&w,f/ tylpkyfjym; heat-sink eJY fan yefumawG xyfrH wyfqifay; &r,f/ Intel quad-core, core 2 chips tp&SdwJh processor awG[m full capacity eJY run wJhtcsdefrSm standard coolers tat;ay;ud&, d mawG oH;k aewJMh um;u tyl&edS f vGeu f v J m wmrsKd;awG jzpfwwfw,f/ Operating temperature awGu processor trsKd;tpm;udk vdkufjyD; uGmjcm;wwfMuygw,f/ trsm;tm;jzifh operating temperature range [m 30-65 degrees Celsius Mum; &Sdwwfygw,f/ rdrd PC udk overclocking vkyfvdkY xGufvmr,fh tyl yrmPudk avQmhcszdkYa&G;cs,foihfwJh cooler uawmh Thermalright ukrP Ü u D xkww f hJ Ultra-120 extreme (www.ther malright .com) ygyJ/ tylpkyfjym; heat sink &,f/ wpfrdepf tywfa& 1600 rpm vnfywfwhJ 120mm fan yg&Sw d ,f/ Core 2 Extreme QX 6700 processor eJY prf;oyfMunfh&mrSm 'D cooler rwyfrD 85 dregree celsius wufaewJh tylcsdefudk 63 degrees Celsius rSm yHkrSefxdef;xm;Edkifwm awGU&w,f/ a&vnfqkH wyfqifxm;wJh extreme vd[ k mrsK;d uawmh tvGeYf tvGef overclocking vkyfwJh tcgrSomvdkvdrhfr,f/ wcsKdU CPU-cooler awG wyfqif&mrSm motherboard ud k tumcG m xkwzf Ykd vw kd ,f/ backing plate vdkw,f/ Heat sink udk tJ'DrSm wyf/ jyD;awmhrS olYtay:rSm motherboard ud k jyef w yf & w,f/

3

Processor tygt0if

Processor

udk overclock vkyf

Overclocking rvkyfcif oabmaygufxm;&r,fh tcsufu processor speed qdkwm bmvJqdkwmyJ/ aemufqHk;ay: processor awG&JU twGif;ydkif; internal speed [m 1.6 GHz uae 3GHz txd &Sw d wfw,f/ internal speed qdkwm instruction ñTefMum;csufawGudk execute vkyf udkif wG,fay;wJh rate udk ac:wm/ CPU [m olYeJY qufpyfaewJh motherboard memory wdYkeYJ communication vky& f mrSmawmh

'Dhxuf trsm;MuD; ydkaES;wJhEIef;eJY tvkyfvkyfw,f/ 'Dvdk processor qD 0ifxGufwJh communication channel udk Intel processor awGrSm Front-side-bus (FSB) vdkY oHk;EIef;jyD; AMD processor awGrSmawmh HyperTransport (HT) vdkY oHk;EIef;w,f/ CPU's FSB &JU speed udk motherboard's system clock 'grSr[kwf computer's operation speed tm;vHk;udk control vkyfxm;wJh circuit eJY qufpyf wGJzufxm;w,f/ tJ'D value awGudk BIOS rSm list eJY azmfjyavh &Sdw,f/ FSB speed udk vdkcsif&if system-clock speed udk udef;wpfckeJY ajr§mufay;&r,f/ Intel processor awGtwGufuawmh yHkrSef tm;jzifh av;eJY ajr§mufay;&w,f/ CPU model uGmjcm;rIudk vdkufjyD; ajr§mufay;&wJh udef;uGmjcm;rI&Sdw,f/ Oyrm Core 2 Duo chip eJY run wJh motherboard wpfck&JU FSB speed [m 1066 MHz &SdcsdefrSm system-clock speed 266 MHz (266 x 4 = 1066) jzpfaew,f/ xdkenf;vnf;aumif;yJ Core

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 105

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG Overclocking Your Graphics Card

2 Extreme chip &JU FSB speed 1333 MHz &SdcsdefrSm system-clock speed [m 333 MHz (333 x 4=1333) &Sdr,f/ 'Dtcsufudk Munfhjcif;jzifh FSB speed udk wifzdkY system clock speed value udk wdk;ay;&r,fqdkwm xif&Sm;w,f/ 'Dvdk wefzdk;wdk;ay;zdkY motherboard's BIOS setting screen xJ 0if&r,f/ yHkrSeftm;jzifh Delete 'grSr[kwf F2 udk ESdyfjyD; motherboard manual udk booting vky, f &l w,f/ wcsKdUxkwv f yk o f al wGuawmh overclocking settings udk disable odkYr[kwf hide vkyfxm;avh&Sdw,f/ Advanced settings vkyfcsifw,fqdk&if shift + F1 ESdyfvdkuf&if enable jzpf

nVidia graphics drive eJY ATI graphics driver awG [m oihf video card u graphics processing unit (GPU) eJY memory udk overclocking vkyfay;Edkifw,f/ vkyfyHk vkyf enf;uawmh rMumao;rDuxGuw f hJ nVidia driver wpfc&k ,f? nvidia's free Ntune (www.nvidia.com/object/sysutility. html) udk download cs&r,f/ nVidia control panel xJudk overclocking capability xnfhay;zdkYygyJ/ Ntune udk install vkyjf yD;wmeJY overclocking option vkyz f Ykd Adjust GPU settings ygwJh Performance section topfwpfckudk awGU&

oGm;w,f/

r,f/

Advanced Chipset Features 'grSr[kwf Chipset Configuration u FSB setting udk &SmjyD; wefzdk;wdk;um vkyaf y;&r,f/ BIOS setup utilities tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm FSB Frequency udk azmfjyavh &Sw d ,f/ trSew f u,ftm;jzifh FSB setting udk adjust vkyfaewmr[kwfbJ system-clock udk adjust vkyfay;vdkufwmyg/ 'gaMumifh oifawGUjrif&r,fh setting number awG[m 266 MHz uae 333 MHz Mum; wefz;kd awGyJ jzpfaevdrhfr,f/ trSefwu,f FSB wefzdk;om qdk&if 800 MHz uae 1333 MHz tMum; &Sdae&r,fr[kwfvm;/ FSB setting udk wefzdk;wdk;&rSm vkyfoihfwmu yxrqHk; 5 &mcdkifEIef;wdk;Munfh system udk Reboot vkyfjyD; run wJh ae&m rSm tqifajyovm;? rajybl;vm;qdw k mMunf?h OK r,fq&kd if aemufxyf 5 &mcdkifEIef;xyfwif/ system reboot vkyfjyD; jyefppfMunfh? tJ'DvdkeJY 5 &mcdkifEIef;wifvdkuf? jyef check

ATI driver rSmawmh Catalyst Control Center rSm &SdwJh Overdrive section udk click vkyfvdkuf½HkygyJ/ Catalyst Control Center qdkwm ATI graphics card twGuf ATIspecific control panel yg/ Card &JU overclocking capabilities udk unlock vkyfzdkY lock images udk click vky& f r,f/ Overdrive rSm ay;xm;wJh overclock range wefzdk;awGudk vdo k nfxuf ydrk wifEikd af tmif uefYowfay;xm;w,f/ Optimize button udk click vkyfjcif;tm;jzifh GPU eJY memory twGuf safe tjzpfqHk; overclocking speeds udk tvdk tavsmuf test vkyfjyD; csdefq owfrSwfay;Edkifw,f/ Ntune rSmusawmh speed udk freedom to select vkyfEdkifatmif pDpOf ay;xm;w,f/ Speed udk 5 &mcdkifEIef; wifMunhfvdkuf/ Custom Clock Frequencies section u Test button udk click vkyfvdkufeJY udk,f wifvdkufwJh speed rSm aumif; aumif; tvkyf vkyf rvkyf prf;oyfMunfh

vdkuf vkyfoGm;&if aemufqHk;wifwJh 5 &mcdkifEIef;tjyD;rSm tyl csdefwufvmr,f/ Stability ysufjyD; vkyfaqmifrI oufouf om jzpfvmr,fqdk&if 5 &mcdkifEIef; jyefavQmhay;&r,f/ Stability problem jzpfwmudk ajyaysmufapzdkY BIOS setting xJu processor odkYr[kwf chipset &JU voltage wefzdk;udk wdk;ay;enf;eJY xdef;vdkY&w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvdk vkyf jcif;tm;jzifh tylcsdefydkwufvmatmif vkyfvdkufrvdk jzpfoGm; wmaMumifh owfrSwf default wefzdk;xuf wpfcgwnf;eJY trsm;MuD; wifvdkufvdkY&Sd&if component tpdwftydkif;awGrSm tylcsdef ½kwfw&uf aqmihfwufjyD; avmif
106

uGefysLwm*sme,f

oGm;&w,f/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG Auto voltage setting

awG yg&Sdvmw,f/ &Edkifr,fqdk&if

4

Memory

udk overclock vkyfjcif;

tJ'gudk a&G;0,fyg/ 'DuaeY ay:xGufvmwJh highend processor awGu awmh overclock vkyf&wm ydkvG,fatmif zefwD;xm;w,f/ Core 2 Extreme 1, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition eJY Athlon 64 FX families awGrSm FSB odkYr[kwf HT bus awG&JU setting awGukd ajymif;p&mrvdb k J speed wifay;Edik w f hJ unlocked multiplier awG ygvmw,f/ Oyrm speed jrefEIef; 2.66 GHz &Sw d hJ Core 2 Extreme QX 6700 &JU yHrk eS f owfrw S x f m;wJh default multiplier wefzdk;[m 10 jzpfjyD;? olYudk 11 wefzdk; ajymif;vdkufcsdefrSm speed [m 3.2 GHz jzpfoGm;r,f/

PC RAM udk overclocking vkyfjcif;tm;jzihf per formance boost enf;enf;ydw k ufvmatmifvyk v f Ykd& w,f/ aemufvmwJh Motherboard tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm memory speed tay: direct control vkyE f ikd af tmif pDpOfay;xm; w,f/Memory udk overclocking vkyf&mrSm procedure vkyfxHk;[m processor wkef;utwdkif;ygyJ/ enf;enf;wif vdkuf? jyef check vdkufvkyfoGm;&rSmygyJ/ b,ftwdkif;twm txd vkyfEdkifygovJ/ prf;oyfrIt& Corsair XMS3 DHX DDR3 1333 MHz memory udk 1450 MHz txd wd;k ay;Edi kf cJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh olYxufa&SUuswJh Corsair XMS2 DDR2 675 MHz udk boost vkyMf unf& h mrSmawmh tvGeq f ;kH 700MHz txdyw J ifvYkd&cJw h ,f/ tJ'x D ufy&kd if stability ysuv f mw,f/

How to Test your Tweaks

Futuremark 3D mark O6 Basic Edition

Overclock vkyfwm tqifajyvm;? rajybl;vm;qdkwm prf;oyfEdkifr,fh apps 5 rsKd;udk azmfjyvdkufw,f/ aumif; uGufuawmh olwdkY tm;vHk;udk free &Edkifjcif;ygyJ/ Overclocking vkyjf yD; PC rSm stable jzpfrjzpfqw kd m odEikd zf Ykd apps wpfckcsif;eJY tpOfvdkuf prf;oyfoGm;&w,f/ apps 4 rsKd; udkawmh shopper's download site: computershopper. com/ downloads uae download qJGcsEdkifygw,f/

CPU-Z Overclocking

tjzpf wjcm; task tawmfrsm; rsm; twG u f vufpw J G pfcv k nf; jzpfygw,f/ CPU-Z u vuf&Sd PC &JU CPU, memory eJY FSB speed

awGudk wpfcsuf Munfh½HkeJY odEdkif atmif pD p Of azmfjyay;w,f/ Voltage setting tyg t0if wjcm; ta&;wMuD; odoihfwJh readings awGuv kd nf; azmfjyay;xm;w,f/ 'gawGukd Munfzh Ykd BIOS xJ jyef0ifaezdkY rvdkawmhbl;/

CPU eJY graphics card awGudk

usOf;xJusyfxJ a&muf atmif 0efydwJh tvkyfawG cdkif;jyD; t&nftcsif;ppfay;wJh benchmark test jzpfw,f/ Stability test twGuf wpfnvH;k run cdkif;zdkY repeat rSm set vkyfay;xm;&w,f/ Merntest 86

wpfnvH;k run cdik ;f wJh memory tester jzpfw,f/ RAM udk overclocking vkyf&mrSm &SmazG awGU&SdzdkY cufcJwJh hardto-detect memory error awGudk &SmazG azmfxkwfay;Edkif w,f/ Speedfan Components aygif;pHk tylcsdefawGudk azmfjyay;EdkifwJh utility jzpfw,f/ overclocked vkyfxm;wJh components

awGrSm tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifavmufwJh tylcsdef wufvm rvm checking vkyfEdkifw,f/ Prime 95 Prime numbers awGeJY wGufcsuf ppfaq;cdkif;wJh tester wpfck jzpfw,f/ overclocked vkyfxm;wJh PC wpfckrSm stable jzpf? rjzpf cufcufcc J J ocFsm jyóemawGeYJ prf;oyfay;wJh torture test jzpfwmaMumifh overclockers awG Mum;rSm xif &Sm; a&yef;pm;wJh tester wpfck jzpfw,f/ vdck sio f yqd&k ifawmh www.mersenne.org/freesoft.htm eJY csdwfyg/

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 107

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG ample awG trsm;MuD;yJ/ wcsKUd motherboard awGrmS memory speed udk FSB odkYr[kwf HT speed eJY qufpyfxm; w,f/ 'gaMumifh olwdkYudk boosting vkyfwmeJY memory udk vnf; overclock vkyjf yD;om; jzpfomG ;w,f/ 'Dae&mrSm rated speed wufvmwmudk umrdapzdkY BIOS xJu memory settings udk wefzdk;avQmh ay;&w,f/ Oyrm DDR memory &JU speed u 533 MHz jzpfcsdefrSm FSB speed udk 20 &mcdkifEIef;

wifjyD;csdefrSm tJ'D tjrefEIef;aMumifh uarmufur rjzpfoGm;& atmif memory settings udk 400 MHz 'grSr[kwf tajc taeudv k u kd jf yD; 333 MHz txd safe range csay;zdYk vdw k ,f/ odkYr[kwfvdkYuawmh 640 MHz txd wufvmrSm jzpfwm aMumihf stability ysufoGm;vdrhfr,f/ Speed jrihfwufvmcsdefrSm memory safe jzpfzdkYtwGuf Latency wefzdk;udk wdk;ay;zdkY vdkaumif;vdkw,f/ Latency qdkwm memory access &csdefxd uGefysLwm&JU system wcsKdU udk apmihfqdkif;zdkY csdefn§dxm;wJh MumcsdefygyJ/ Latency wefzdk; udk jr§ijfh cif;[m apmihq f ikd ;f Mumcsed u f kd ydw k ;kd apwmaMumifh clock rate jyefvmwJhtusKd;udk acszsuf&mawmh a&mufw,f/ Latency wefzdk; b,fíb,frQ ajymif;ay;&r,fqdkwm RAM speed wpfcw k nf;tay: rlrwnfb;l / DDR/ DDR2, DDR3 tp&SdwJh type tay:rSmvnf; rlwnfaew,f/ 'Dhxuf ydkwJh guidance vdkcsifoyqdk&ifawmh RAM xkwfvkyfolawG&JU website awGrSm check vkyfMunfhyg/ Corsair wdkY? OCZ wdkY vdk enthusiast brands awGrSm overclock speed vkyf&mrSm csdefn§doihfwJh recommended latency values references awG ay;xm;wwfw,f/ Forums awGrSmvnf; useful ex-

5

ypfcsuf&SmazGprf;oyfenf;

Overclocking vGefvGefuRHuRH vkyfrd&if system crash jzpfwwfw,f/ 'grsK;d jzpfjyDq& kd if uGeyf sLwmudk reset jyefvkyf/ BIOS xJ 0if? speed udk avQmhcs? voltage enf;enf;wifMunfhjyD; boot wifvdkY&atmif jyefvkyf/ BIOS xJudk vHk;vHk; 0ifvdkYr&bl;qdk&if power udk ydwf/ jyefzGifh restart jyefvkyf/ Asus model motherboard wcsKdUrSmawmh over-clocking attempt fail jzpfoGm;wmeJY yHkrSefcsdefudkufxm;wJh default speed qDudk tvdktavsmuf reset ,ljyD; jyefoGm;wJhpepf wyfqifxm;w,f/ Motherboard taeeJY tJ'grsKd; pepf ygrvm&if CMOS memory rSm clear vkyfay;zdkY vdkr,f/ tJ'DxJrSm clock settings awG &Sdaew,f/ Motherboard ay:u Jumper wpfckudk wjcm; set of pin qD toma&TUjyD; rlvae&mudk

jyefxm;/ vkyfaqmif&r,fh vkyfxHk; tqihfqihf procedure eJY jumper locations awG od&atmif motherboard manual rSm aocsmMunfh/ Overclocking vkyfum atmifjrif? ratmifjrif odEikd w f ehJ nf;uawmh rdr&d UJ system Windows load wifvdkY & r& prf;Munfh/ &jyDqdk&if aemuf wpf qift h aeeJY stability &Sd r&Sd prf;Munfh zdkY software tools rsKd;pHkwifjyD; run Munf&h r,f/ OK jyDq&kd ifawmh ydu k q f H ruk e f b J free upgrade vk y f u m atmifjrifjyDvdkYrSwf/

108

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

oif Free Download rsm; tvd&k adS ejyv D m;

,ckwifjyrnfh tusK;d &Sad om vky&f yfrsm;tm; MuKd ;yrf; vkyaf qmifjcif;jzifh oihu f eG yf sLwm\ jrefEeI ;f tm; jrifw h ufap Edik jf cif;? oif\ Hard Drive tm; oef&Y iS ;f apEdik jf cif;rsm; tjyif aiGuek af Mu;usvnf; oufomaprnfrmS trSeyf if jzpfygonf/ [d;k t&ifEpS rf sm;uwnf;u free download trsK;d tpm; 50 tm; oH;k pGv J o kd rl sm;u uREykf x f H urf;vSr;f cJah omfvnf; oifh twGuf 50 &mcdik Ef eI ;f toH;k 0ifjy;D tusK;d &SEd ikd rf nfh download rsm;tm; tpydik ;f wGif pOf;pm;ír&Edik b f J &Scd o hJ nf/ ,ck Download trsK;d tpm; 50 uawmh Photoshop ESihf Freeware game rsm;uJo h aYkd om t&mrsm;tm; uREykf w f Ykd toH;k jyK&mwGif tHMh o&avmufatmif tultnDay; ayvdrrfh nf/ 'gayr,fh ¤if; download rsm;onf World of Warcraft uJo h aYkd om ukrP Ü rD sm;ESihf tjcm;emrnfMu;D ukrP Ü rD sm;\ download ae&mrsm;wGiaf wmh trSew f u,f tpm;rxd;k Edik af y/ vuf&dS tae txm;ü oif download jyKvyk rf nfh website tm; trSww f rJh taejzifh arhaecJv h Qif computershopper.com/downloads 0ufbq f u kd w f iG f arwåmvufaqmif free download rsm; axmifeYJ csjD y;D &&SEd ikd faMumif;udv k nf; xyfavmif; wifjyvdu k yf gonf/ 2008 ckEpS w f iG f xkwjf yefco hJ nfh free software rsm;tay:wiG f pif;vH;k acsm aumif;rGeo f nfh trsK;d tpm;tm; a&G;cs,q f ;kH jzwfjy;D oiht f wGuf tzd;k rjzwfEikd o f nfh software tm; oif &SmazG&ayvdrrfh nf/ oif&mS azGvu kd o f nfh ¤if; software onf oihu f eG yf sLwmtwGuf Registry rsm; aoaooyfoyf&yfaerI? vkyaf qmifcsuf t&nf taoG;rsm;tm; pepfwus csw d q f ufay;rI? pmMunhw f u kd rf sm;twGuf zdik rf sm;tm; enf; pepfreS pf mG wnfaqmufay;Edik rf rI sm; ESihf tjcm; a,bk,svyk if ef;rsm;udv k nf; pepfwus jyKvyk af y;rnfh maintenance pepfwpfcv k ;kH tm; taxmuftul jyKEikd &f rnf jzpfonf/ xdo k Ykd

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 109

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG software a&G;cs,f toH;k jyKvu kd o f nfh twGuf oifonf Hardware topfrsm;

tm; tpm;xd;k &ef rvdo k nft h jyif oihfuGefysLwmtwGufvnf; txl; aumif;rGeaf pum tusK;d &Sad p rnfh vky&f yfrsm;yif jzpfayonf/ Download ESifh ywfoufjy;D oifox d m;onfrsm;ESihf avhvmxm;rIrsm;onf a&maxG;jy;D awGa0aevQiaf wmh ,ckcsucf si;f yJ online ay:wiG f &So d nfh computer shopper.com/144 tm; zGiMfh unfh vdu k yf g/ 'gt h jyif computershopper. com/115 rS sing up jyKvyk x f m;aom e-mail newsletter rsm;udk vpOf a&G;cs,u f m? taumif;qH;k free download ig;rsK;d tm; e-mail ydo Yk l xHoYkd vufaqmiftjzpf jyefvnf ay;ydv Yk suv f nf; &Syd gonf/ Quick Startup 2.3 rsm;jym;vSaom Windows applications rsm; tm; download jyKvyk x f m;jcif;jzifh ¤if;wdrYk S tcGit fh a&;rsm;ay;jcif;udk oif\ PC pwif zGiv fh u kd cf sed w f iG f jrifawG&U rnf jzpfygonf/ Quick Startup rS oiftoH;k jyKaeonfh av;vHxikd ;f rIid ;f aeaom programs rsm;tm; oGuv f ufap&ef jri§ w fh ifay;ygvrd rfh nf/ Startup wGif launch jyKvyk x f m;jy;D oif trSef wu,frvdktyfawmhonfh t&mrsm;udv k nf; ¤if;rS aqmif&u G af y;ygvrd rfh nf/

tpDtpOfp&atmif uGefysLwm boot time rsm;\ EIef;tm; jr§ihfwifay;Edkifonfh program rsm;udk uREfkyfwdkYtm;vHk; ESpfoufrnfrSm trSefyif jzpfygonf/ ,ck vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf oihf uGefysLwm system &Sd RAM twGif;odkY data rsm;tm; oGufvufpGm ul;,lEdkif&ef zefwD;ay;ygvdrhfrnf/

TweakNow RegCleaner Standard 3.0.1 Windows Registry File onf boot rsm;ESifh uGefysLwm vkyfaqmifcsuf aES;auG;rI taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; jyKjyifEdkifjyD; oihf\ Registry rS uGefysLwmtwGif;ü tMuD; tus,f ysufpD;qHk;½IH;rIrsm;tm; vufwHkYjyefEdkifayrnf/ TweakNow RegCleaner Standard onf oif\ Registry udk &SmazGEdkif&efESifh oihfuGefysLwm xJwGif&SdaejyD; install rvkyf&ao;onfh acwf rrDawmhaom program rsm;tm; zsufay;

jcif;rsm;udk vsifjrefpGm jyK vk y f a y;Ed k i f o nf / xd k Y tjyif zdkif vHkjcHKrIrsm; twG u f ¤if ; rS oif \ Registry file \ backup wpfcktaejzifhvnf; odr;f qnf;ay;ygvdrrhf nf/

Free Registry Defrag 2.35 tjcm;enf;vrf;wpfckuawmh oihf system \ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;tm; jr§ihfwifrIay;&efyif jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf oif\ Registry file xJü jyefYusJaeaom data rsm;tm; jyefvnf pkpnf;ay;rnfjzpfonf/ xdkt&muawmh Free Registry Defrag yif jzpfygonf/ oifh Registry tm; taumif;qHk;jzpfatmif pDrHay;EdkifjyD; Windows Vista ESihfom run Edkifygrnf/ Revo Uninstaller 1.5 Quick Startup 2.3 toHk;jyKjyD; oifh system ü toHk;rjyKvdkawmhonfh applications rsm;tm; oifhtwGuf ulnDum &SmazGay;vdrhfrnf/ b,f Windows rqdk Revo Uninstaller \ Add/ Remove Program function rsm;rS toHk;r0ifawmhonfh applications rsm;tm; z,f&Sm;ay;Edkifygonf/ 'ghtjyif ¤if;rS ysufpD;aejyD;? wuGJwjym;jzpfaeaom application rsm;udkvnf; pkpnf;ay;EdkifjyD; oifh system tm; oefY&Sif;oGm;atmifvnf;

ulnDEdkifayvdrhfrnf/

110

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

csdwfquf&rnfh ud&d,mrsm; oifh PC tm; jrefEIef;jr§ihfwifEdkif&eftwGuf wpfckck oifMudK;yrf;aevQifawmh oihfuGefysLwmxJwGifom &Sd&awmhrnfqdkonfudk oifod&Sd&ef vdktyfayvdrhfrnf/ toHk;0ifrIrsm;uawmh oihftm; system snapshot wpfckay;EdkifjyD;? vkyfaqmif csufaumif;rsm; wpfaeYxufwpfaeY ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmapEdkifygonf/

CPU-Z 1.43 CPU-Z onf oihf PC \ processor name ESifh RAM yrmPuJhodkYaom tajccHtcsufrsm;rSpjyD;? clock multiplier ESifh voltage setting rsm;

uJhodkYaomjrefEIef;jr§ihfEdkif&ef ta&;MuD; aom core component rsm;ESifh ywf oufonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;txd ajymjyEdkifvdrhfrnf jzpfonf/ uGefysLwmxJwGif &Sdonfh taMumif; t&mrsm;tm; oif&SmMunfhvdkvQifawmh CPU-Z onf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfaom ypönf; wpfckyif jzpfonf/

SpeedFan 4.28 SpeedFan onf processor rsm;uJhodkYaom jrefEIef;jrihf&ef aqmif&Gufay;onfh tpdwftydkif;rsm;\ tylcsdeftm; apmihfMunfhay;Edkif&eftwGuf taumif;qHk;aom enf;vrf;wpfckyif jzpfonf/ oihfuGefysLwmtwGif;&Sd Fan speed rsm;udkvnf; ¤if;rS xdef;csKyfay;Edkifygonf/ oifh hard drive wGif Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting (SMART) enf;ynmrsm; yg0ifaevQifawmh SpeedFan rS ¤if; drive tylcsdefESifh hardware tm; a&G;cs,fum zwfay;Edkifvdrhfrnf/ ¤if;onf front-side-bus (FSB) \ EIef;udkyg ajymif;Edkifonftxd toHk;0ifayonf/

Belarc Advisor 7.2t Belarc Advisor onf PC oHk;pGJ

olrsm;tm; tqifajyaumif;rGefaMumif; udk Handy \ hardware ESifh software diagnostic tpD&ifcp H mwGif azmfjy xm;ygonf/ ¤if;onf oihf PC \ tpdwftydkif;rsm;jzpfaom CPU, motherboard, RAM, hard drive rsm;tm; wpfxyfwnf;usapjyD;? uGefysLwm\ tm;enf;csufrsm;udk axmufvSrf;ay; Edkifonf/ xdkYtjyif Advisor onf oihf Windows \ ysuf p D ; apEd k i f r nf h taMumif;t&mrsm;? antivirus \ up to date jyKvky& f rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; &SdvmvQif ajymMum;ay;vdrhfrnf/ ¤if; tm; HTML zdkifwpfcktaejzifh zefwD; EdkifjyD; oif\ tifwmeuf web browser ü tvG,fwul awGUjrifEdkifygonf/ Process Explorer 11.04

¤if;onf tjcm; zefwD;xm;aom software trnfrsm;xuf tenf;i,f ydkjyD; qGJaqmifrI&Sdayonf/ oihf hard core system onf Windows \ Task Manager uefYowfrr I sm;ESihf twl ysufpD;cJhvQif ¤if;rS jyKjyifay;ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh Process Explorer onf icon rsm; tygt0if Task Manager tm; rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKEdik yf gonf/ ¤if;onf rnfonfh Windows ESihfrqdk toH;k jyKEdik jf yD; Windows 95 rSpjyD; Vista tqH;k txd tusHK;0ifum 64 bit version txd toHk;jyKEdkifrnf jzpfonf/

RAM Idle LE 1.5 RAM IdIe tm; jyKvkyfjcif;jzihf vuf&Sd system \ memory tm; ydkrdk tusKd; ouf a&mufaponfhtjyif oifh PC tm; jrefEIef;wpfcktm;ay;ygvdrhfrnf/ oiftoHk;jyK aeonfh program rsm;ESihf RAM nDwlnDrQjzpfap&ef RAM Idle 1.5 rS tvdk tavsmuf jyKvkyfay;Edkifygonf/ oD;jcm; application wpfcktwGuf memory yrmPvsmxm;csufudkvnf; pGrf;aqmifay;ygvdrhfrnf/ tu,fí oifh system odkY RAM xyfrxnfhEdkifvQifawmh ukefusp&dwfr&Sdaom RAM Idle u oihftwGuf taumif;qHk;jzpfatmif zefwD;ay;Edkifygonf/

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 111

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom t&m oihf uGefysLwm&Sd ½IyfaxG;ysufpD;aeaom ra&wGufEdkifonfh zdkifrsm;tm; vHk;0 aysmufoGm;atmif xdef;csKyfrIwpfck &,lEdkifygonf/ xdk application onf tvGefao;i,fjyD; oHk;pGJ&vnf; vG,fulygonf/ TrueCrypt 5.0 TrueCrypt tm; oif&,ljcif;jzihf zdkifwpfcktwGif; encrypted disk taejzifh oabmoufa&mufonfhtjyif disk tppf wpfckuJhodkYaom yrmPudkvnf; &&Sdrnfjzpfygonf/ Hard drive \ vdktyfonfh tpdwftydkif;wpfck odkYr[kwf USB flash drive wpfckuJhodkYaom t&mrsm;tm;udkyif oif encrypt jyKvkyfEdkifygonf/ ,ckaemufqHk;ay: version wGif pre-boot authentication pepftm; xyfrHxnfhoGif;xm; ojzifh toHk;jyKrnfh User rsm;taejzifh ¤if; system tm; download rjyKvkyfrD password ½dkufxnfh&rnf jzpfygonf/ Vunet Find

oihf uGefysLwmxJwGif Vista jzifh toHk;jyKaeaomfvnf; t&if toHk;jyKjyD;om; Windows Version rsm;tm; upgrade jyKvkyfí Desktop search jyKvkyf&ef function rsm;udk Vunet Find wGif awGU&SdrnfjzpfjyD;? ¤if;onf XP ESifh tapmydkif; toHk;jyKcJhaom version rsm;üwGifrl toHk;rjyKEdkifay/ xdkYtjyif Vunet Find onf Windows Explorer \ tjyKtrltwdkif;yif oihf hard drive xJwGif xnfhoGif;xm;aom zdkifrsm;tm; t&ifOD;qHk; &SmazG ay;jyD; qufvufí Vista version jzifh toHk;jyKEdkif&efudkvnf; upgrade jyKvkyfay;Edkifrnf jzpfonf/ C Cleaner 2.05.555 CCleaner onf trSefwu,f toHk;0ifojzifh oif rjzpfrae &SmazG&ayvdrrfh nf/ ¤if;onf Windows ESihf Internet browser rsm;xJrS temporary zdkifrsm;onf raumif;aom taMumif;jy csuf trsKd;rsKd;jzifh oif\ hard drive jynfhaernfh tEÅ&m,frS z,f&Sm;ay;ayvdrhfrnf/ oifhuGefysLwmwGif ESpftwefMum uwnf;u &Sdaeonfh rvdktyfonfh zdkifrsm;udkvnf; &Sif;vif; ay;Ed k i f o nf h t jyif third-party program rsm;jzpf o nf h Microsoft Office, Adobe Acrobat, WinZip rsm;ESihf ywf oufonfh temporary zdkifrsm;vnf; z,fxkwfay;Edkifayvdrhf rnf/

112

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Recover Files 2 zsufxm;rdonfh zdkifrsm;tm; ta&;ay: tajctaersm;aMumifh jyefvnf&,l&eftwGuf oiftcuftcJjzifh MuHKawGUae&ygovm;/ Free utility jzpfonfh Recover Files 2 udk toHk;jyKí trSef wu,f vHk;0aysmufqHk;oGm;onfh zdkiftm;&SmazGEdkifygonf/ Recycle Bin xJrS wpfcc k t k m; oifzsufrcd &hJ ifjzpfap ¤if;rS ulnaD y; vdrrfh nf/ Windows Explorer 'grSr[kwf Flash-memory card wpfckwGifjzpfap ¤if; software tm; recover jyKvkyfEdkifayonf/

DoubleKiller 1.6.2

umvtwefMumatmif uGefysLwmtoHk;jyKvmjyD; rdrd\ uGefysL wm hard drive xJwGif udk,fyGm;zdkifrsm; a&muf&Sdaejcif;udkawmh oif rausreyfjzpfayvdrhfrnf/ ¤if;udk,fyGm;zdkifrsm;udk oifh rsufpd jzifh rjrifEdkifaomfvnf; hard drive xJwGif &Sdaeonfqdkwmudk awmh oifodayvdrhfrnf/ ¤if;udpt ö m; DoubleKiller 1.6.2 rS ajz&Sif;ay;ygvdrhfrnf/ ¤if;rS 0Sufaeonfh zdkifrsm;tm; jrefjrefqef qef &SmazGay;um? oifh file library wGif&Sdonfh zdkiftyGm;rsm;tm; b,fzikd o f nf aumfyzD ikd ?f b,fzikd o f nf aumfyzD ikd rf [kwb f ;l qdo k nf udk a&G;cs,fay;ygvdrhfrnf/ DoubleKiller onf oif\ MP3 odrf;qnf;rIrsm;udkvnf; &Sif;vif;ay;onfhtjyif rdrd&Smvdkaom zdkifrsm;tm; trsKd;tpm; (file type) tvdkuf &SmazGay;Edkifygonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

tm;vH;k toH;k jyKaeMujyD 'D[muawmh multiple pieces of free software jzpfjyD; oihfuGefysLwm system tm; umuG,fay;jcif;? oefY&Sif;ay;jcif; rsm;tjyif ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmap&ef aqmif&Gufay;Edkifygonf/

Advanced WindowsCare Personal 2.6 uREfkyfwdkYESifh t&if;ESD;qHk;aom utilities uawmh System Mechanic Professional yifjzpfjyD; oihfuGefysLwmwGif MuHKawGUae&onfh tcuftcJrsm;ESifh pdk;&drf ylyefrIrsm;tm; vHkjcHKoGm;atmif ulnDay;ygrnf/ WindowsCare Personal tm; free &,ljcif;jzihf wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif ¤if;\ tool rsm;rS oihftm; taxmuftulay;vdrhfrnf jzpfygonf/ oif\ mouse tm; b,f? nmuvpf ESdyf½Hkjzifh zdkifrsm; tm; tvG,fwul&SmEdkif? z,fEdkifjcif; ESifh Registry error rsm;udkvnf; oefY&Sif;oGm;atmif jyKvkyfEdkifyg onf/ Professional version tm; upgrade jyKvkyfrnfqdkvQifawmh tar&duef a':vm 29 'or 95 ay;&rnfjzpfjyD; ¤if;rS oihf PC tm; tjrJwrf; tvdktavsmuf upgrade jyKvkyfay;oGm;ygvdrhfrnf/

UBCD4Win 3.12 Data rsm;tm; odrf;qnf;&ef twGuf CD burn Edkif&ef tifwmeuf security applications jzpfonfh Spy-bot Search ESifh Registry Program rsm;wGif UBCD4Win tm;

&,lEdkifyg onf/ odkYaomf ¤if;tm; download jyKvkyfvQif zdkifqdkufonf 200MB txufwi G &f o dS jzifh t&rf;MuD;aMumif; oifodxm;&ef vdktyfayonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;tm; oHk;pGJjcif;jzifh omrefudprö sm;tm; tvG,fwul ajz&Sif;EdkifjyD; aiGukefaMu;usvnf; r&SdEdkifyg/

Drive Time Processor ESifh RAM yrmPonf oihfuGefysLwm\ tjrefEIef;udk b,fvdk xdcdkufaeovJqdkonfudk oif tjrJwrf; odcsifaeayvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomf hard drive tm; fragmented jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh &v'faumif;rsm;&&SdEdkifayonf/ ao;i,f aom TLC udk oifh disk twGuf ay;vdkufjcif;jzihf jzpfay:vmrnfh qufpyfrIrsm;u taumif;qHk; zefwD;ay;ygvdrhfrnf/

WinDirStat 1.1.2

oifüh &Sad om zdik rf sm;xJrS b,fvzkd ikd t f rsK;d tpm;rsm;onf oif\ hard drive wGif ae&mtrsm;qH;k ,lxm;onfukd oifo&d EdS ikd &f efyif jzpfonf/ WinDirStat jzifh scan jyKvkyfvdkufvQif zdkiftrsKd;tpm;rsm;tm; ta&mifrsm;jzifh cGJjcm;um oif\ disk onf b,fvkd cGaJ 0 toH;k jyKaeonfukd jyoygvdrrfh nf/ wpfcsed w f nf;rSmyif oihu f eG yf sLwmü MP3 ta&twGuf rsm;jym;aerItm;vnf; jyornfjzpfygonf/ WinDirStat rS oifz,fxkwfoihfonfxifonfh zdkifrsm;tm; z,fxkwfEdkif&ef ulnDygvdrhfrnf/ xdkodkY zsufvdkufonfh zdkifrsm;tcsif;csif; uGefysLwmrS aysmufroGm;apbJ t&Htwm;tqD;tjzpf yxrqHk; Recycle Bin xJwGif a&muf&Sdaernfyif jzpfygonf/

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 113

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG Advanced Disk Cleaner 5.0 oif\ hard drive xJwGif ESpftawmf MumMumu jyKvkyfjyD; vuf&SdwGif toHk; rjyKvdak wmhonfh zdik t f rsKd;tpm;rsm;tm; wGufcsufum tcsdefwdkwdktwGif; b,f olzsufay;Edkifrnfenf;/ Advanced Disk Cleaner onf ¤if;wdYk ukd opfui kd ;f csKd;ouJhodkY tvG,fwulyif jyKvkyfay; Ed k i f y gonf / Search button wG i f uvpfwpfcsufEdSyfvdkuf½HkESifh rvdktyf onfh zdkifpm&if; Munfhum? clean button tm; ESdyfvdkufvQif ¤if;zdkiftm;vHk; aysmufoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ 'ghtjyif ¤if; program onf oif\ Windows Registry xJ&Sd rvdktyfaom application rsm;udkvnf; z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef pdppfay;yg onf/ MbrFix 1

ESifh interface wGif toHk;jyK jcif;twGuf xl;jcm;rI &Sdapygonf/ Dual-boot setup wpfckrS Linux partition rsm;tm; zsufay;jcif;uJhodkYaom taMumif;t&mrsm;wGif MbrFix onf toHk;wnfhojzifh ¤if;tm; oif&SmazG& ayvdrhfrnf/ MbrFix

Auslogics Disk Defrag 1.4.11.275 oihf Hard drive tm; defragging jyKvkyfay;jcif;onf wpfppDuJGaeonfh Data rsm;tm; jyefvnf aygif;pyfay;jcif;jzifh disk \ pGrf;aqmifcsufvnf; jrifhwufapaMumif;rsm;tm; rod&Sdao;aom olrsm;twGufyif jzpfygonf/ od&Sdolrsm; twGufawmh Defragment jyKvkyfjcif;onf tcsdefay;&jcif;ESifh drive rsm;\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk jrihfwufaMumif;udk odMuayvdrhfrnf/ Auslogics Disk onf defragment jyKvkyfvQif tcsdefMumjrihfrItm; ¤if;rS jrefjrefqefqef defragment jyKvkyfEdkif&ef ulnDay;ygvdrhfrnf/ Summary tm; HTML format jzifh wnfaqmufxm;jyD; zdkifESifh zdkvf'grsm;tm; b,fvdk uGJuGJjym;jym; defragment jyKvkyfay;onfudk oif od&SdEdkifatmif azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/

GParted LiveCD 0.3.4-7 Drive uRr;f usio f rl sm;ESifh Linux cspo f rl sm;twGuf taumif;qH;k aom t&myif jzpfygonf/ GParted tm; creating, deleting ESifh copying rsm; yg0ifaom partition rsm;ESifh oiftrsm;qHk;jyKvkyfEdkifygonf/ oif drive \ zdkifpepfrsm;ay: rlwnfí partition t&G,ftpm;tm; twkd;tavQmh jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ Download tm; ISO zdkifwpfcktae jzifh zefwD;xm;ojzifh disc xJodkY ISO zdkifrsm; burn Edkif&eftwGuf oif program wpfckawmh vdktyfayvdrhfrnf/ avmavmq,f oif tqifoihf rjzpfao;vQifawmh qufjyD; download jyKvkyf&ef &SmazG &ayvdrhfrnf/

114

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Gizmo Drive 2.5.11

¤if;y½dk*&rfrsm;wGif aemufqHk;ay: version rsm; aygif;pyfxm;jyD; disc xJodkY ISO zdkifrsm; burn Ed k i f & ef t wG u f taxmuf t ul a y; ygonf/ Virtual device rsm;tjzpf vlod rsm;jyD; ISO, VSD ESihf BIN format rsm;uJo h Ykd t&mrsm;twGuf pGr;f aqmifEikd af yonf/ Gizmo onf handy \ pGrf;aqmifcsufaumif; wpf&yf jzpfjyD; optical drive wpfckrS application rsm;tm; run Edkif&efvnf; jzpfonf/ Gizmo Drive jzifh encrypt drive image rsm;tm; oifzefwD;Edkifayrnf jzpfygonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG Productivity Boosters oihf PC tm; pGrf;tm; jyefvnf jznfhqnf;jcif;wpf&yftaejzihf ,ckvdk vufwpfqkyfpm application rsm;tm; download jyKvkyfjcif;onf oif\ aeYpOfuGefysLwm oHk;pGJrI b0tm; ydkrdkjynfhpHkapygonf/

PDF SpeedUp 1.32

tifwmeufü wpfa,mufESihf wpfa,muf vkyfief;qdkif&m udp&ö yfrsm; ay;ydkYjcif;rsm;wGif PDF zdkifrsm; toHk;jyKjcif;onf enf;vrf;aumif;wpfckyif jzpfyg onf/ odkYaomf Adobe \ browser ü Acrobat Reader software tm; xnfhoGif; zefwD;xm;rIonf aMumufcref;vdvdyif jzpfonf/ PDF Speed UP ay:aygufvm&jcif; rSmvnf; tcsKdUaom pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfp&m tifwmeufvrf;aMumif; MuefYMumrIrsm;aMumifhyif jzpfayonf/ ¤if;onf vuf&Sd toHk;jyKaeonfh Acrobat function rsm;tm; update jyKvkyfay;Edkifonf/

Desktop Sidebar 1.1.3 Windows Vista \ feature rsm;xJwGif wpfcktygt0if jzpfaom t&muawmh Sidebar yif jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif mini-application jzpfaom em&D? RSS-feed reader odkY stock ticker rsm; yl;wGJyg0ifonf/ tu,fí vuf&SdwGif oifonf Windows XP 'grSr[kwf Windows 2000 tm; toHk;jyKaeqJyif qdkygu Vista version rS jyKvkyfxm;aom Desktop Sidebar tm;

Screen Hunter 5 Free ¤if; applications onf uGefysLwm zefom;jyifay:&Sd yHk&dyfrsm;udk tvG,fwul zrf;,lay;Edkifygonf/ Screen Hunter onf oHk;pGJ&vG,fuljyD; oifzrf;,lvdkonfh zefom;jyif \ {&d,mtm; wGufcsufEdkifjyD; yHkrsm;tm; BMP 'grSr[kwf JPG format rsm;jzifh odrf;qnf;xm;Edkifygonf/ xdkYtjyif ¤if;rS oihftm; a&G;cs,frIwpfckvnf; ay;ygvdrhfrnf/ xdkt&m rSm screen grab rsm;rS button wpfckck aysmufoGm;&if rwlnD aom uD;ESpfcktm; jydKifwl ESdyfjcif;jzifh menu option odkY command udk a&G;cs,faom enf;vrf;yif jzpfygonf/

tifwmeufwGif download jyKvkyfí &,lEdkifygonf/ xdk Sidebar tm; oif\ desktop ay:wGif tjrJwrf; awGUjrifae&rnfjzpfjyD; ¤if; utility wGif task list rsm;? &moDOwk tajctaersm;? jyu©'defrsm;tjyif Skype \ tifwmeufzkef; service rsm;vnf; yg0ifaMumif; wifjyvdkufygonf/ wd;k armif Ref: Jamie Bsales also contributed to this article

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 115

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

6: Use case diagram

"Necessity is the mother of invention"_ vdt k yfcsuo f nf wDxiG rf \ I rdcif jzpfonf/ rS m ,l v d k u f w J h tpm;tpmawG pm;aomufqdkifawGrS tdrfwdkif&ma&muf ydkYaqmifay;wJh 0efaqmifrIvkyfief; jzpf aom waiters on wheels udk Sue eJY Tom Bickford wdYk pwif xlaxmifjzpfchJ Muw,f/ olwdkYESpfa,muf aumvdyfrSm &Spd Of pm;aomufqikd af wGrmS vkyzf ;l MujyD; udk,fydkif pm;aomufqdkifzGihfzdkY tjrJ tdyfrufrufcJhMuw,f/ uHraumif;pGm jzifh pOD;t&if;tESD;u olwdkY vufvSrf; rrDwhJ ae&m a&mufaew,f/ pm;aomuf qdkif rsm;pGmrSm tpm;tpmawG rSm,l o,faqmifoGm;EdkifjyD; tcsKdUuawmh yDZmvdk tqmajyrkefYrsKd;awG tdrfwdkif &ma&muf jzefYa0wJh 0efaqmifrIay;wm owdjyKrdw,f/ 'gayr,fh olwdkY awGUcJh wJh vlrsm;pGmu home delivery service rSm ydkjyD;pHkaphwJh [if;yGJ tpHkvdkuf vdkcsifyHk&aMumif; jyaew,f/ Sue eJY Tom wdkY[m xdkurÇmESpfck pvHk;rS taumif;qHk;awG aygif;pyfrI

116

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tjzpf waiters on wheels udk pdwu f ;l & cJhygw,f/ MuD;rm;wJh pOD;&if;ESD;rI rvdk aom pm;aomufqdkif0efaqmifrItaeeJY jzpfw,f/ Bickfords wdkYESpfOD;[m jrdKU xJu emrnfMuD; pm;aomufqdkifawGeJY oabmwlnDcsuf contract &cJhw,f/ Customer awGxr H S trSmawG vufcjH yD; [if;vsmyGJ tpHv k u kd f ydYk aqmifjzefYa0ay; zdkY&m jzpfw,f/ pm;aomufqdkifawGu trSmtwdkif; jyifqifay;&wJh [if;vsm awGtwGuf Waiters on wheels udk vufum;aps;eJYyJ aumufcHw,f/ Customers bufuawmh vufvaD ps;tjyif 0efaqmifru I soihcf eJY tip ay;r,f/ csdwf xm;wJh pm;aomufqdkifESpfck? npm pm;csed t f qdik ;f delivery driver wpfO;D rQ jzifh waiter on wheels udk cyfao;ao; eJYyJ pcJhygw,f/ vkyfief;u tjref MuD; xGm;vmjyD; vnfywfvkyfaqmifzdkY&m customer computer system vd k aMumif; Bickfords wdkY ESpfOD; owdjyK

rdvmw,f/ olwdkYu b,fvdk system rsKd; vdkw,fqdkwm owfrSwf azmfxkwf ay;EdkifzdkY Sam Wells [k ac:aom twdik yf ifcH consultant wpfO;D iSm;&rf;cJh ygw,f/ ]]vkyfief;vnfywfcsdef uGefysLwm qD a&mufapvdkwJh jzpf&yftrsKd;tpm; events awGu b,fvdkt&mawGvJ}} Sam u ar;w,f/ ]]yHkrSef tjrJtm;jzifh jzpfavh&w dS mawG uRefawmfu h kd ajymjyyg}} ]]Customer u zkef;ac:pHkprf;jyD; trSmwpfck jyKvkyfwJhtcg uRefru tcsut f vufawG csa&; rSww f rf;wifzYkd &m vdkw,f/ 'DtcsufawG oihfavsmfwJh pm;aomuf q d k i f q D a&muf o G m ;zd k Y & m vdw k ,f/}} Sue u jyefajzw,f/ ]]uRefr u rSmxm;wmawG oGm;o,fzdkY&m b,f driver vTwf&rvJ odzdkYvdkw,f/ 'g aMumifh drivers qD zkef;qufjyD; olwdkY tm;wJhtcsdef odzdkY&mvdkw,f/ wpfcg wavawmhvnf; customers awGu

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG zkef;jyefqufjyD; rSmxm;wJh pm&if;awG ajymif;wwfw,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefrqDrS rl&if;trSm &Sad e&rSmjzpfjyD; tajymif;tvJ awGudk pm;aomufqdkifqD taMumif; Mum;Edkif&r,f}} ]]tdak u? aiGupd u ö kd cifAsm; b,fvkd udkifwG,fovJ}} Sam u pl;prf;w,f/ ]]Driver u pm;aomufqdkifu tpm;tpmawG ,ljyD;wmeJY bill aumfyD wpfapmif wdkuf½dkuf&w,f/}} Tom u 0ifa&mufajymqdkvdkufw,f/ ]]tJ'gu uRefawmfwdkYwGufxm;wmeJY nD&r,f/ Drivers u tJ'D amount yrmPeJY service charge yg xyf a qmif ; jyD ; awmif;cH&r,f/ tvkyfodrf;vdkY drivers u report wifwJhtcg uRefawmfwdkYu olwdkY&wmawGaygif;jyD; uRefawmfwdkY qDrSm&SdwJh record eJY wdkufMunfhw,f/ Drivers tm;vHk; report 0ifjyD;wJhtcg uRefawmfwdkYu aeYwpfaeY&JU total receipts tjzpf bPfudkoGif;zdkY&m? deposit slip vkyfzdkY&mvdkw,f/ &ufowå ywftqHk;wdkif;rSm oabmwlxm;wJh vufum;aps;twdkif; pm;aomufqdkif wpfcpk rD mS uRefawmfwYkd ay;&ef &Sw d mawG wGufcsufw,f/ jyD;awmh olwdkYqD statement eJYcsufvufrSwfydkYay;ygw,f/}} "System uaejyD; cifAsm; tjcm; b,fvdk tcsuftvufawG&zdkY vdkao; ovJ}} Sam u qufajymw,f/ ]]&ufowåywfwpfck ukeo f mG ;wdik ;f

pm;aomufqikd t f vdu k f orders awG? jrdKU {&d , mtyd k i f ; tvd k u f orders awG taMumif; &&ifaumif;rSmyJ? tJ'Dvdk [mrsKd;awGaygh/}} Sue u jznfhpGuf ajym qdkw,f/ ]]aMumfjimudpöeJY pm;aomuf qdkifawGeJY contracts udpö qHk;jzwfzdkY&m 'D[mawGu ulnDay;vdrhfr,f/ jyD;awmh uRefrwdkY pm&if;udkiftwGuf vcsKyf vnf; vdkygvdrhfr,f/}} Sue wdYk ? Tom wdYk eYJ pum;ajym&if; Sam u rSwp f t k csKUd eJY ½kyyf u kH m;csyf diagram tcsKdU csa&;w,f/ twefi,f tcsde, f pl Of;pm;jyD;wJah emuf olu Waiters on Wheels &JU tajctaeudk tESpf csKyfvdkufw,f/ ]]uRefawmfhtwGufawmh atmufu events awG jzpfwt hJ cg system u processing vkyfzdkYvdkwJh yHkygyJ}} Ä Customer u order wpfck vkyfzdkY zkef;ac:w,f/ Ä Driver u ydkYaqmifrIwpfck jyD;pD; w,f/ Ä Customer u order udk jyifzdkY zkef;jyefqufw,f/ Ä Driver u tvkyftwGuf report wifw,f/ Ä Driver u wpfaeYpm receipts tyf w,f/ ]]aemuf atmufu tcsdef yGdKifh trSwfawG a&mufwJhtcg system u owif;tcsufawG xkwfay;zdkYvdkr,f/}} Ä wpfaeYwm jyD;pD;csdef deposit slip

xkwfay;zdkY Ä wpfywfpm jyD;pD;csdef restaurant payments xkwfay;zdkY Ä wpfywfpm weekly sales report xkwfay;zdkY Ä wpfvpm monthly financial reports xkwfay;zdkY ]]cifAsm;wdkY azmfjycJhwJh vkyfief; vnf y wf y H k enf ; tay: tajccH j yD ; atmuftaMumif;t&m trsKd;tpm;awG taMumif; database xJ odrf;zdkY&m vdkw,fvdkY uRefawmf,lqw,f}} Ä Restaurants Ä Menu items Ä Customers Ä Orders Ä Order payments Ä Drivers jyD;awmh database twGif; restaurants eJY drivers awGtaMumif; information awG maintain vkyfzdkY&m vd k w ,f v d k Y uRef a wmf ,l q w,f / atmufu jzpf&yfawGjzpfwt hJ cg cifAsm; u processing tcsKdU jzpfapvdkvdrhf r,f/ Ä Restaurant topfaygif;xnfhwm/ Ä Restaurant wpfcku menu udk ajymif;wm/ Ä Restaurant wpfcu k kd pm&if;u jzKwf wm/ Ä Driver topfwpfOD; iSm;&rf;wm/ Ä Driver xGufcGmoGm;wm/ ]]uRef a wmf a jymwmawG vrf ; aMumif;rSeftay:rSm &Sdaeygovm;}} Sam u system taMumif;udk olwdkY em;vnfEdkifr,fhyHkpHeJY ajymaewm jzpfaMumif; Sue eJY Tom u cyfjrefjref yJ oabmwlvdkufw,f/ tvkyftwGuf rSefuefoihfavsmfwJh consultant wpfOD; &SmawGUcJhjyDqdkwm olwdkY ,HkMunf pdwfcs oGm;ygw,f/

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 117

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG yk-H 1

Use Case diagram qdkwm actors eJY use case awGtaMumif; owif;

tcsufawG tusOf;½Hk; azmfjyay;wJh yHkjy model jzpfw,f/ Use case analysis jyKvkyfzdkY&m system udk wpfckvHk;tae jzifh Munfh&jyD; pepfudk t"du toHk;jyK rItm;vH;k owfrw S af zmfxw k zf Ykd MudK;pm;& w,f/ xdktjyKtrlawG[m yHkrSeftm;jzifh event table twGif; owfrSwfcJhaom business events awGrS qif;oufvm w,f/ Use case yHkjyum;csyfudk tjcm; wpfenf; vSnahf wG;Edik w f mu pepfwpfck vHk;&JU vkyfaqmifrI functional azmfjy csuf jzpfygw,f/ System topfu axmufyHhay;&r,fh vkyfief;aqmifwm function awG owfrSwf azmfxkwfay;& w,f/

&Sd&m 0ef;usif environment eJY automated system \ internal functions tMum; jcm;xm;ay;w,f/ rwlujJG ym;wJh ½Iaxmihaf wGt& use cases awGudk pk½Hk; zGJUpnf;zdkY&m enf; trsKd;rsKd; &Sdw,f/ csOf;uyfenf;wpfcku use cases awGudk subsystem tjzpf pk½Hk; zJGUpnf;zdkYygyJ/ yHk (2) u xdkodkYaom subsystem jzpf j yD ; "Order-entry subsystem" vdkY trnf&w,f/ yHk (3) rSmawmh RMO &JU customer support system twG u f subsystems rsm; tm;vHk; jyozdkY&m? qufET,f&m cases rsm;eJYtwl csJUxGifxm;wm jzpfw,f/ 'D aqmif;yg;tprSm pdwful;wifqufcJh aom Zmwfvrf;pOfudk MunfhjyD; use cases awGukd external actors rS cvkwf jzKwfay;wJh events rsm;eJY qufET,f

Automation Boundary and Organization

yHk (2)[m yHk (1)rSm jyxm;aom um;csyfudk aemufxyf actor eJY use case awG xnfhoGif; csJUxGifxm;wJh use case jzpfygw,f/ rsOf;vdkif;awGu ñTef jyxm;onfhtwdkif; actor wpfOD;csif; [m use case wdik ;f udk oH;k Edik w f m awGU& r,f/ Use cases tpHkvdkuf wpfckvHk; ywfvnf bJOyHk abmiftem;owfeJY iHk xm;wmvnf; awGU&r,f/ 'Dabmif tem;owf u automated system boundary 'grSr[kwf automation boundary jzpfygw,f/ ¤if;u Actors

118

uGefysLwm*sme,f

yk-H 2

azmfxkwf,lEdkifygw,f/ twGif;ydkif;rSm jzpfwJh triggered events awGudkawmh use case diagram rSm azmfjyavh r&Sd bl;/ tjcm; csOf;uyfenf;wpfcktaeeJY oD;oD;oefYoefY actor wpfO;D omygaom use case rsm; tm;vH;k xnfo h iG ;f azmfjy Edkifw,f/ yHk (4) rSm customer actor ygwJh use cases rsm; tm;vHk;jyxm; w,f/ 'D diagram u tifwmeufrS wpfqifh qufo, G &f ,lEikd af om activities rsm; tm;vHk;jyozdkY&m toHk;0if w,f/ <> Relationships Use case diagram azmfxw k &f mrSm rMumcPqkdovdk MuHKawGU&wmu use case wpfcktaeeJY tjcm; use case

u vkyfaqmifay;rIudkoHk;zdkY vdktyfvm jcif; ygyJ/ Oyrmtm;jzifh "Order-entry subsystem" xJ u use cases ESpfck[m "Create new order" eJY Update order' wdkY jzpfw,f/ 'D Use case wpfckcsif;pD[m customer account rSefrrSef ppfaq;zdkY&m vdkEdkifw,f/ 'gudk vk y f a y;zd k Y &m bH k use case wpf c k azmfxkwfay;Edkifw,f/ yHk (5)rSm tjcm;

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG use cases ESpfckpvHk;u oHk;wJh "Validate customer account" [k ac:aom xyfaqmif; use case wpfck jyxm; w,f/ 'D use case awGtMum; quf

ET,fcsufudk jrm;acgif;ygaom rsOf;vdkif; eJY rSwfom;azmfjyw,f/ 'DqufET,fcsuf udk Create new order <>

Validate customer account [k zwf yg/ (jrm;acgif;&Sd&m bufonf <> \ aemufwGif &Sdonf/)

'DqufET,fcsufudk wpfcgwpf&HrSm <> [k &nfñTef;avh&SdjyD; wpfcgwpf&rH mS awmh <<uses>> [k &nf ñTe;f avh&w dS ,f/ Programming qdik &f m

ynm&yfpum; Jargon t& 'Dquf ET,fcsufudk common subroutine [k ac:Muw,f/ Use cases ESpfckpvHk; twGuf bHk common jzpfw,fvYkd qdv k kd w,f/ yHk (5)rSm "Look up item availability" u <> relationship &JU wpfpdwfwpfydkif; jzpfEdkifaMumif; vnf; jyxm;ao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh oif[m vHk;0udk twGif;ydkif; use case jzpfwJh "Validate customer account" vdkrsKd; common use case wpfck owf rS w f E d k i f w ,f / 'grS r [k w f & if v nf ; "Look up item availability" vdkrsKd; external actor a&m tjcm; use case uyg &nfñTef;EdkifwmrsKd;vnf; owf rSwfEdkifw,f/ Use Case Diagram ESihf Structured Techniques EIid ;f ,SOcf suf Use case diagram &JU &nf&G,f csufu system &JU jcHKiHk oHk;oyfcsuf overview axmufyHhzdkY&m jzpfw,f/ System udk toHk;jyKwJh actors eJY olwdkY system eJY vkyaf qmif&m vkyi f ef; functions tygt0if jzpfw,f/ 'DvdkrsKd; system &JU scope e,fy,f tus,f

yk-H 3

t0ef;udk ulnDazmfxkwfay;zdkY&mqdkwJh tjrifeJYMunfh&if use case diagram u structured technique rS context diagram eJY wlygw,f/ 'gayr,fh use case wpfckcsif;taeeJYuawmh system u taxmuftyHhay;&r,fh function wpfckqD owfrSwf&m DFD fragment wpfckeJY ydkwlygw,f/ Structured eJY object-oriented modeling tMum; yifr uGmjcm;csuf awGxJu wpfcku use case diagram azmfxkwfzdkY tawG;pOf thought process [m automation boundary owf rSwfjcif;jzifh pygw,f/ DFD rSm qdk&if

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 119

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG razmfjybl;/ System twGi;f information t0iftxGufudk modeling &JU aemuf tqihfwpfqihfjzpfaom interaction diagrams ra&mufrcsif; owf rSwf azmfxkwfjcif; rjyKygbl;/

yk-H 4

Use case Diagram azmfxw k jf cif; Use case diagram wpfck azmf

wpfckvHk; tao;pdwf xkwf rjyD;rcsif; automation boundary udk rowfrSwfbl;/ 'gaMumifh DFD rSm information &JU rlv&if;jrpf source eJY a&muf&Sd&m destination awGu jyify external agent yJ tjrJjzpfaew,f/ System eJY wHYk jyef qufo, G &f mjzpfcsirf S jzpfr,f/ Use case diagram rSmawmh actor [m system eJY trSefwu,f wHkYjyefqufoG,fol jzpfw,f/ Actor u information &JU rlv&if;jrpf jzpf csifjzpf rjzpfcsifae/ Oyrmtm;jzifh RMO case rSm customer u RMO clerk udk zkef;ac: jyD; order wpfckvkyfEdkifw,f/ DFD u customer udk jyify external entity vdkY owfrSwfr,f/ Clerk &JU vkyaf qmif rIawGudk "Enter customer order" vdkY azmfjyxm;wJh process twGif; jr§Kyfxm; r,f/ Use case diagram rSmawmh customer order oGif;zdkY&m 'grSr[kwf process

120

uGefysLwm*sme,f

zefwD;zdkY&m system toHk;jyKol actor tjzpf clerk udkyJ owfrSwfygw,f/ tjcm; t"du uGmjcm;csufu use case diagram rSm data flows udk

xkwzf Ykd&mtwGuf jzpfEikd af om tpjyKrSwf ESpfck&Sdw,f/ toHk;trsm;qHk;enf;u event table oHk;zdkY&myJ/ Event wpfcu k kd axmufyHhzdkY&mrSm system udk b,fenf; eJY oHk;ovJ qHk;jzwfzdkY event wpfckpD tao;pdwf cJGjcrf;pdwfjzm&r,f/ Event udk b,f actor tpjyK vIHYaqmf ovJ? Event aMumifh Ed;k x ouf0if&wJh tjcm; use cases awG ponfjzifh pOf;pm;& r,f/ trsm;tm;jzifh event wpfckpDu use case wpfck jzpfvmw,f/ erlem jzpf&yftcsKdUrSm event wpfckrS wpfck xufyw kd hJ use case rsm;pGm aygufzmG ;ap w,f/ Use case diagram azmfxw k &f mrSm tpjyKzdkY tjcm;enf;vrf;u system udk

yk-H 5

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG oH;k wJh actor tm;vH;k owfrw S af zmfxw k f zdkY jzpfw,f/ oif[m Event table twGi;f Trigger and Source columns udk Munfhjcif;jzifh actors rsm;pm&if;udk jyKpkEikd w f ,f/ xdk columns rsm;udk cGjJ crf; pdwfjzmjcif;u b,fol 'grSr[kwf b,ft&mu system udk oHk;aejyD; b,f toHk;jyKrIyHkpHoHk;wmvJ ulnD azmfxkwfay;w,f/ wpfcgwpf&HrSm actors awGu &if;jrpf source jzpfw,f/ wpf c gwpf & H r S m awmh actor awG u source r[kwfbJ tjcm;wpfckck jzpf w,f/ Actors awGudk Bob, Mary, Mr.Herdricks vdYk ajymr,ft h pm; olwYkd yg0if vkyfaqmifwJhae&m role taejzifh pm&if;jyK&w,f/ wlnDaom vlyk*d¾Kvf wpfOD;wnf;u system udk oHk;&mrSm roles ae&mtrsKd;rsKd;u yg0ifEdkifwm trSwf&aeyg/ 'D roles awGu order clerk, department manager, auditor

ponfrsKd; jzpfw,f/ jynfhpHkvTrf;jcHKrdjyD;

system udk oH;k wJh jzpfEi kd o f rQaom role

awG azmfxkwfzdkY&m ta&;MuD;ygw,f/ Actors eJ Y use cases awG owfrSwfazmfxkwfjyD;wJhtcg aemuf tqihfu trsKd;rsKd;aom Zmwfvrf;pOf scenarios awG owf r S w f z d k Y t wG u f activities flow azmfxw k zf Ykd&mygyJ/ rwl uJ G j ym;wJ h activities flows awG &vmwmeJYtrQ bHt k wGi;f ydik ;f common internal use cases awG owfrSwfEdkif jyD; use cases trsKd;rsKd;odkY cGJxkwfEdkifyg w,f/ Use case view qdkwm system, subsystem 'grSr[kwf class awGeJY tjyKtrl behaviour udk jyify user taeeJY xifjrif&yHt k m; zrf;qkyx f m;jcif; jzpfw,f/ System &JU vkyfaqmifwm functionality ud k actors twG u f t"dyÜm,f&Sdaom ul;ajymif;vkyfaqmifrI transactions rsm;tjzpf ydkif;jcm;ay; w,f/ wHkYjyef vkyfaqmif&m vkyfief;

aqmifwm wpfydkif;wpfppDudk use case awGvYkd ac:ygw,f/ Use case wpfcrk mS system eJ Y actors rsm; wH k Y jyef qufo, G rf I udk messages tpOfwef;eJY azmfjyw,f/ Actor qdkwm vlyk*¾dKvf? tjcm; computer system 'grSr[kwf executable process tcsKdU yg0ifEdkifw,f/ Run time ü taumiftxnf&Sd user wpfOD;[m system twGif; actors rsm;pGmeJY csdwfqufaeEdkifw,f/ Actor wpfck[mvnf; wpfckxufydkaom use cases awG r S m yg0if E d k i f w ,f / rwl uGJjym;wJh users awG taeeJYvnf; wlnaD om actor wpfcek YJ qufE, T af eEdik f jyefw,f/ tJ'Dtcg wlnDaom actor definition udk erlem instances rsm;pGm yl;,l udk,fpm;jyKxm;wmvdkY jrifEdkif w,f/ Use case eJY actor tMum; messages zvS,fí wHkYjyef qufoG,fjcif;

Actor ESihf yg0if&m use case tMum; jyonfh qufo, G rf I vrf;aMumif;

tajcjyK base use case odYk tydx k yfaqmif; behaviour xnfo h iG ;f rI

a,bk,s general use case eJY ¤if;rS tarGqufcH&&SdjyD; features awG aygi;f xnfw h hJ txl;jyK specific use case tMum; qufE, T cf suf k yfaqmif; behaviour xnfo h iG ;f rI/ xdk tajcjyK base use case odYk tydx insertion udk wdu k ½f u kd o f o d matmif azmfjyonfh extend rSmu xdk insertion [m base use case udyk J rScD &kd jy;D oD;jcm;r&S/d þae&mrSmu oD;jcm;&Sd

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 121

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Use case relationships om ydí k ay:vGijf yD; actor &JU twGi;f ydik ;f implementation jzifhawmh oufqdkif jcif; r&SdvSbl;/ Actor wpfcktwGuf state tajctaeawG owfrSwfay;aom attributes rsm; tpkjzihy f if vHak vmufpmG o½kyfazmfapygw,f/ Actors awGudk xufatmuf udkif; cGJ generalization hierarchies rSm csxm;owfrw S Ef ikd w f ,f/ ydí k a,bk,s qefaom abstract actor azmfjycsufudk ydktEkpdwfwJh specific actor yHkazmfrIü rQa0qGJ,l oHk;pGJMujcif;jzpfw,f/ Use case qdkwm jyifyrS jrifom aom vkyif ef;aqmifwmtjzpf &&Szd Ykd&mrSm system unit &JU axmufyr hH u I kd wpfpnf; wpfvHk;wnf;&Sdaom unit wpfcktjzpf ydkif;jcm; owfrSwfay;xm;wJht&m jzpf w,f/ Use case &JU &nf&G,f&mu system &JU twGi;f ydi k ;f zGUJ pnf; wnfaqmuf yHkudk ray:apbJ wpfpnf;wpfvHk;wnf; &Sd coherent behaviour tydkif;tp

122

uGefysLwm*sme,f

wpfckudk owfrSwf,lzdkY&m jzpfw,f/ Use case wpfc& k UJ definition rSm ¤if;&JU tusKd;qufaMumifh oDwef;jzpfay:vm wJh behaviour tm;vHk; yg0ifw,f/ yifr tpDtpOf main line Sequences, yHkrSef behaviour twGif; rwlaom vrf;aMumif; cGJrsm;tjyif >cif;csuf exceptional conditions rsm; tm;vHk; yg0ifw,f/ vdkcsifwJh wHkYjyefrI response rsm;vnf; twlwuG yg0ifygw,f/ User &JU ½IaxmifhuMunfh&if olwdkYu rlreS rf [kwaf om abnormal situations jzpfEikd w f ,f/ System ½Iaxmihu f Munfh &ifawmh olwdkYu owfrSwfazmfjy udkif wG,f&r,fh tydkxyfaqmif; Variations rQom jzpfygw,f/ Model tqihfrSm use case wpf ckpD vnfywfvyk af qmifyu kH tjcm;t&m awGeYJ trSt D cdu k if;w,f/ 'gayr,fh use case udk implementation vkyf&mrSm a0rQoHk;pGJwJh objects awGaMumifh oG,f

0dkufaomenf;tm;jzifh dependencies awG jzpfvmw,f/ Use case wpfck pD[m vkyfief;aqmifwm wpfydkif;&JU rsufESmpmwpfckudk udk,fpm;jyKjyD; ¤if;&JU execution u tjcm; use cases awG&JU execution eJY a&m,SufaeEdkifw,f/ Use case wpfck&JU vIyf&Sm; ajymif; vJyHk dynamics udk UML interactions jzpfaom statechart diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams awGrSm jyw,f/ tvGwf

oabm pmjzifhvnf; azmfjyEdkifao; w,f/ Use cases awGudk implement vkyf azmfaqmif&mrSm system twGif; classes rsm;tMum; collaborations tjzpf ajymif;,lygw,f/ Class wpfck [m collaborations rsm;pGmrSm yg0if EdkifwJhtwGuf use cases rsm;pGmrSm vnf; ygEdkifw,f/ Use case wpfck[m jyify user u EId;qGjzpfay:apwJh tydkif;rSm sys-

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG tem operation wpfckeJY wlw,f/ 'gay r,fh operation eJY rwlwhJ tydik ;f u use case wpf c k [ m execution umv twGif; actors xJrS input awG qufí &&SdaeEdkifw,f/ Use case udk twGif; ydik ;f rSm ydak o;aom system units tjzpf vnf; toHk;csEdkifao;w,f/ Subsystems eJY classes wpfckcsif;pDrSm uJhodkY jzpfw,f/ Internal use case u system &JU tydkif;wpfydkif;u system &JU usefwJhtydkif;odkY csjywJh behaviour udk udk,fpm;jyKw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh class wpfck&JU use case [m system twGif; roles tcef;u@ wpfcc k ak e&mu yg0if

oltjzpf wpfpnf;wpfvHk;wnf;aom vkyfief;aqmifwm wpfydkif;tm; tjcm; class rsm;udk axmufyHhay;w,f/ Class wpfckrSm use case wpfckxuf ydk&SdEdkif w,f/ Use case qdkwm system functionality jzwfydkif;pwpfckudk oabm t,l azmfjyxm;csufjzpfw,f/ System implementation azmf a y;wJ h t &m r[kwfbl;/ tJ'Dtpm; use case wpfck pDudk system implement vkyfay;wJh class rsm;jzifh ,SOfwGJ owfrSwfay;& r,f/ Use case &JU behaviour udk class awG&JU tul;tajymif; transitions ESifh vkyfaqmifrI operations rsm;jzifh ,SOfwGJ csdwfqufay;&ygw,f/ Class wpfck[m system implementation twGi;f tcef;u@ roles rsm;pGm rS yg0ifEikd o f avmuf use case rsm;pGm&JU tcsK;d tpm;rsm;pGmudk azmfaqmifay;Edik yf g w,f/ 'DZdkif;jyK&mrSm vkyf&r,fh task wpf pdwfwpfydkif;u use cases rsm; tm;vHk; azmfaqmifay;&ef oihfavsmfaom roles rsm;udk &Sif;oefYpGm aygif;pnf;ay;r,fh implementation classes awG &SmazGzdkY &m jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dtcg rvdktyfbJeJY ½Iyf

axG;rIawG rjzpfapatmif vkyf&ygr,f/ Use case wpfc& k UJ azmfaqmifru I kd wpfck odkYr[kwf wpfckxuf ydkaom collaborations tpkeJY model xkwfEdkifw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh collaboration qdw k m use case wpfck&JU realization ygyJ/ Use case wpfck[m actors jzifh association tjyif tjcm; qufET,frI relationship awG &SdEdkifygao;w,f/ Use case instance wpfckpD[m oD;jcm; trSDtcdkuif;ayr,fh use case wpfck&JU yHkazmfcsuf description udk tjcm;ydk&Sif;aom use cases rsm;tjzpf cGJcsEdkifw,f/ Class wpfck&JU description udk super class rS aeí wa&GUa&GU wdk; tEkpdwfapwmeJY qifw,f/ Use case wpfck[m tjcm; use cases awG &JU behaviour udk ¤if;&JU udk,fydkif behaviour tydkif;tprsm;tjzpf yl;aygif; xnfhoGif; ,lEdkifygw,f/ 'gudk include qufoG,fcsufvdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'Dudprö Sm use case topfu rlv use case &JU txl;jyKr[kwfvdkY tpm;rxdk; Edkifbl;/

wpfckudk base use case &JU wa&GUa&GU incremental extension tjzpf v nf ; owf r S w f E d k i f w,f/ 'gudk extend qufoG,fcsufvdkY ac:w,f/ wlnDwJh base use case wpfckrSm extensions rsm;pGm &SdEdkifjyD; tm;vHk;udk twlwuG toHk;jyKEdkifw,f/ Base use case odkY csJUxGifrI[m semantics t"dyÜm,fudk aygif;xnfhay; w,f/ wu,f taumiftxnf erlem xkwf instantiate vkyfwJhtcg base use case udkyJ vkyf&jyD; extension u oD;jcm;r&yfwnfEdkifbl;/ Use case udk wpfck odkYr[kwf wpfckxufydkaom child use cases rsm; tjzpfvnf; txl;jyKEdkifw,f/ 'gudk use case generalization vd k Y ac:w,f / Parent use case ud k arQmfvihfxm;wJh ae&mawGrSm child use case udk oHk;aumif; oHk;Edkifw,f/ Use case

Modula-2

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 123

0ufbq f u dk t f nTe;f

WEBSITE INDEX

http://www.fstutorials.com Photoshop wpfckwnf;udk jynfh

template awG? layout 'DZkdif;? icon awGeJY login form awG? psd eJY ai file

jynf h p H k p H k wwf u Rrf ; xm;r,f q d k & if design twGuf tvkyfr&Sm;vdkYawmif qdkEkdifygw,f/ tck 'fstutorials' [m wjcm;aom oif c ef ; pmawG rjzpf p avmuf&Sdayr,fh "text, special effect,

awGeJY tvGefacwfrDoyf&yfpGm wnf aqmufxm;ygw,f/ wcsKdUudkawmh tc aMu;aiGeJY a&mif;csygw,f/

button drawings, colors ,web graphics" pwJh categories awGudk cGx J w k jf yD; &S&d o dS rQ webpage awGeYJ link csdwfay;&if; photoshop eJYywfoufjyD;

uRrf;usifwhJ q&mwpfqjl zpfvmEkid af pzdYk vrf;nTefay;xm;ygw,f/ 'Sign Up' vkyfay;xm;r,fqdk&if topfay:xGuf vmwJh oifcef;pmawG a&muf&SdpOfwkdif; rSm Email uae taMumif;Mum;ygvdrfh r,f/

http://www.photoshop.pack. com

omrefoifcef;pmawGudk vdkcsif&if yJjzpfap? AD'D,dkoifcef;pmawGudk vdkcsif &ifyJjzpfap photoshop - pack rSm &Sdae ygw,f/ oluawmh olY&JU server rSm rod r f ; qnf ; xm;bJ web xJ u ae taumif;qHk;qdkwJh oifcef;pmav;awG udk aumufEw k w f ifjyay;xm;wm jzpfyg w,f/

jzwfn§yfuyfvkyfjyD; aysmfp&myHkuav; awG zefwD;Muwmudk jrifzl;ygvdrfhr,f/ http://www.hv-designs.co.uk oifu h kd register vkycf iG ahf y;xm;jyD; tcrJh member ay;xm;wJhtjyif oif d yf idk zf efw;D uk, d w f idk f tutorial awGukd uk, Ekdifw,fqdk&if tutorial wpfckudk wpfpHk

wpfcak om twkid ;f twmtxd aiGay;acs 0,f,lygvdrfhr,f/ Categories awGudk rsKd;pHkcGJxm;jyD; website awGtwGuf

124

uGefysLwm*sme,f

http://www.photoshopforfun. com Photoshop xJrSm "mwfyHkawGudk

0ufbq f u dk t f nTe;f tck website [m tJ'Dvdk aysmf&Tifp&m "mwfyu kH av;awGukd b,fvzkd efw;D rvJ qdkwJh oifcef;pmawGa&m? pdwful;pdwf oef;awGyg ay;tyfxm;wJh pmrsufESm wpfck jzpfygw,f/ oifcef;pmawGudk wpfrsufESmcsif; ul;,ljyD; avhvmMunfh r,fqdk&if taumif;qHk;tMuHÓPfawG &&SdEkdifygvdrfhr,f/

http://www.eyesontutorials. com Mu,fyGifhawGeJY Rating owfrSwf ay;xm;jyD; Photo retouch, effects, creative painting pojzifh oifcef;pm wpfcck si;f udk avhvmEkid yf gr,f/ 'Anime pictures' u@rSmawmh *syef comic

av;awG&UJ pwkid f umwGe;f pmrsuEf mS awG udk colorful jzpfjyD; Munfhaumif;atmif b,fvkd color filling vkyrf vJqw kd mudk azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

usifynm&SifawGeJY zGJYpnf;xm;ygw,f/ tJ ' D web &J U 'freestuff' u@rS m animator/ designer awGu olwdkY&JU zefwD;rIawGudk oifcef;pmzdkifawGeJY wifjyxm;ygw,f/ wjcm;pmrsufESm awGrSm tajccHtqifh oifcef;pmawGudk avhvmjyD; ykdifEkdifjyDqdk&ifawmh tck pmrsufESmudk oGm;a&muf&if; avhvm Munfhr,fqdk&if photoshop t&nf taoG; ydkrdkjrifhwufvmygvdrfhr,f/

http://www.tutorgig.com html.programming pwJh oifcef; pmawGeYJ tutorial page wpfcjk zpfayr,fh t"du &nf&G,f&if;uawmh design bufjcrf;udk aZmif;ay;xm;jyD; photoshop wd k Y wif r ubJ corel draw, painterx pwJh &Sm;yg; design awGudkyg

tcef;u@rsm;eJY wnfaqmufxm;wJh tjyif photoshop, illustrator wdkYeJY ywfoufjyD; ay:OD;ay:zsm; zkdiftopf uav;awGudkyg download link awG &SmazGay;xm;jyD; blog qefqef wifjy xm;ygw,f/ oifcef;pm tcef;u@rSm orm;½dk;us logo uav;wpfckuae taumif;qHk;'DZkdif;jzpfatmif b,fvdk zefwD;rvJqdkwJh pdwful;tawG;udkyg ay;ygw,f/

oifcef;pmzdik af wGeYJ twl zefw;D ay;xm; ygw,f/ Homepage udk 0ifvkdufjyDqdk wmeJY Subject aygif; trsKd;oHk;q,f avmuf&w dS t hJ xJurS uk, d 0f goemyg&m jyef v nf a &G ; cs,f v d k Y &Ek d i f y gw,f / Photoshop eJ Y y wf o uf j yD ; "mwf y H k ? yH&k yd ?f wnf;jzwfjyifqifjcif; oifcef;pm awGuawmh tvGefjynfhpHkuHkvHkygw,f/ http://www.vecteezy.com Vecteezy eJY flasheezy qdkjyD; webpage ESpfck &Sdygw,f/ Vecteezy [m 'illustrator' eJY zefw;D xm;wJh zkid af wG (ai,eps) pwmawGudk tcrJh download ay;tyfxm;jyD; EULA vdkifpifudkawmh oabmwl&ygvdrfhr,f/ EULA rSm wpfu, dk af &oH;k zdYktwGuf cGijhf yKjyD; commercial udkawmh jzefYcsdoHk;pGJcGifh rjyKyg bl;/ tJ'DzkdifxJu wcsKdUudk download

http://www.cgarena.com/ freestuff//tutorials/pshoptuto rials.html 'Cgarena' [m r*¾ Z if ; vnf ;

xkwfa0jyD; wpfzufuaevnf; tck aemufqHk;ay: AD'D,dkum;awGrSm txl; jyKvkycf sufawGukd zefw;D ay;aewJh uRrf;

http://www.dezignus.com dezignus [m tutorial,brustes, shapes, icons pwJh pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m

&,ljyD; uk, d t hf wGuf vdt k yfwhJ jznfph u G f rIawG aygif;xnfhvdkY&Ekdifovdk b,fvdk a&;qGJxm;wmvJqdkwJh enf;vrf;awGudk yg &&SdEkdifygvdrfhr,f/

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 125

0ufbq f u dk t f nTe;f http://www.bittbox.com tcrJh&EkdifwJh font awGudk &,lcsif ovm;/ Illustrator, photoshop oif

http://www.qvectors.com

tvGefvSyjyD; acwfrDqef;jym;wJh vector zki d af v;awGukd &,lyidk q f idk cf sio f l awGtwGuf vector image awGukd tcrJh download ay;tyfxm;wJh ae&mwpfck jzpfygw,f/ tJ't D xJrmS awmawmifa& ajr½Icif;obm0? oauFwawG? o½kyf azmfyHkawGeJY icon vSvSav;awGudkyg &,lEdkifwmrdkY graphic designer awG twGufjzpfap? website vSvSuav; awG wnfaqmufcsifolawGtwGufjzpf ap toHk;0ifygw,f/

cef;pmawGudk odcsifovm;/ aqmhzf0J awG? owif;awGeJY Adobe pack 3 suite awG&JU vQKdU0SufcsufawGudk avh vmcsifovm;/ tEkynmajrmuf a&;qGJ csufawGukd erlemtjrnf; cHpm;Munfch sif ovm;/ t&m&mtm;vHk;twGuf tqif ajyapEkdifr,fh bittbox [m web 2.0 acwfO;D rSm ay:xGe;f vmcJw h hJ blog wpfck jzpfjyD; design oD;oefYvYkd qEkd idk yf gw,f/

http://www.vectorswallpa pers.net

http://www.anidandesign.com Webpage design awGeYJ ywfouf jyD; wordpress ay:rSm blog wnf

aqmufwt hJ cgrSm taumif;qH;k vrf;nTef csufawGukd &&SEd idk rf ,fh ae&mwpfcjk zpfyg w,f/ CSS, Typography pojzifh categories rsm;pGm cGJxm;jyD; tvG,f wuleJY Munfh½Iem;vnfEkdifr,fhtjyif download &,lcsifoal wGtwGuv f nf; tvGefjrefqefapwmudk awGY&ygvdrfh r,f/

126

uGefysLwm*sme,f

vSywJh ½IarQmfcif;yHkuav;awG ae0if&Doa&m naecsrf;yHkuav;awGeJY aqmif;reufcif;? aEGOD;ayguf tvS w&m; pwmawGudk a&;jc,fxm;wJh vector wallpaper awG u d k tcrJ h download &EkdifwJh ae&mwpfckjzpfyg w,f/ HD resolution taeeJY 1024 x 768 uaepvdkY 1920 x 1080 txd download &,l E k d i f w J h t wG u f oif h desktop &JU wallpaper ud k jiD ; aiG Y pdwfysufaecJhr,fqdk&ifawmh tajymif; tvJwpfck jzpfvmrSmyg/

http://www.vectorvault.com Vector tEkynmeJY ywfoufvm

&if tMuD;qHk; tzGJYtpnf;wpfckjzpfyg w,f/ tqifoifh wifxm;wJh topics awGrmS magazines u@[m tcrJ&h Ekid f wJh vector magazine awGjzpfjyD; free downloads u@rSmawmh EPS, ai format awGeJY vector awGudk &Ekdifyg w,f/ 'ghtjyifrSm online ay:rSm&SdwJh ae&mrsKd;pHk&JU vector toif;awGeJYtwl oifcef;pmzkdifawG? vector zkdif zefwD;yHk awG? jydKifyGJawGudk nTefjyay;jyD; trsKd;pHk aom vector tvSw&m;wdYk ude;f atmif; cdkrSD&m t&yfXmaewpfckvdkYawmif qdkEkdif rSmyg/

http://www.psdfreebee.com Photoshop &JU (.psd) extension &Sw d hJ file awG (yHak wG)[m designer awGeYJ web developer awGtwGuf tvGef tzd;k wefygw,f/ Layer awGukd raysmuf

rysufbJ &&SdwJhtwGuf erlemMunfh½IvdkY &EkdifwJh tutorial image awGvdkYawmif qdkEkdifygw,f/ topfay:xGufvmwJh psdfreebee [m wjcm;aom psd zdkif awGudk tcrJh download ay;wJh web pmrsufESmawGvdkyJ tvGefaumif;rGefwJh psd file awGudk pkaqmif;xm;ygw,f/ "rapidshare" 'grSr[kwf admin awG

0ufbq f u dk t f nTe;f upload wifxm;wJh "hosting" awG uae download &,l&ygvdrfhr,f/

vHk;udk twm;tqD;r&Sd Munfh½Icsif&if awmh tcay;0,f,l&rSmjzpfayr,fh tc rJh account eJYwif vHkavmufjyD; trsKd; rsKd;aom 'DZkdif;qef;opfrIawGudk search box uae &SmazGvdkY &&SdEkdifygw,f/ bl;/ taumif;qHk;oifcef;pm? logoicon awGeJY wjcm;toHk;0ifEkdifwmawG udkyg "freebies" subject rSm &,lEkdifyg w,f/

http://www. creativemyk.com Vector image awGukd (.eps) (.ai) awGeJY upload wifay;xm;jyD; ½IrjiD;

zG,&f m taumif;qH;k &oawGukd ay;tyf &if xl;cRex f ufjrufwhJ design ynm&Sif awGjzpfvmatmifwpfzufwpfvrf;uae ulnDay;aewJh website wpfck jzpfyg w,f/ Server direct jzpfwJhtwGuf wjcm;b,fudkrS xyfoGm;zdkYrvdkawmh wdkuf½dkuf download csjyD; (.ai) file awGukd rSjD irf;jyD; uk, d yf idk f logo eJY image awG wnfaqmufEkdifygr,f/ http://www.deviantart.com

tEkynm? 'DZkdif;? *&yfzpf zefwD;rI awGeYJ ywfoufvm&if rodrjzpf odxm; &r,fh tzGJYtpnf;wpfckjzpfygw,f/ "username.deviantart.com" qdkjyD; account wpfckudk register vkyfjyD; &,l vkdufwmeJY ukd,fzefwD;xm;wJh 'DZkdif;yHk awGukd upload wifjyD; uRrf;usifoal wG qDuae tMuHÓPfawG awmif;cHEkdif ovdk wjcm;aom designer awGeJY wDxiG zf efw;D rIawGuv kd nf; Munf½h cI pH m; &if; erlem&,lEidk yf gr,f/ Image tukef

http://www.youthedesigner. com Designer b0eJY product awGudk

b,fvdkt&nftaoG;jrifhatmif zefwD; rvJ/ Mobile phone 'DZkdif;oifcef;pm awG? jyifyrSm vuf&Sd designer awGeJY qufo, G jf yD; ar;jref;tMuHÓPf&,lEidk f r,fh enf;vrf;awG? vector pack awG? vector art tcrJ h download awG ? graphic design forum awG & J U taMumif;? rdk;oJMuD;rJMuD; &GmoGef;aewJh tcsdef wdrfawG&JU oP²meftaMumif; oifcef;pm pwmawGeYJ rjiD;aiGY rukeEf idk f zG,f zefw;D xm;wJh pmrsuEf mS yg/ ]cifAsm; [m 'DZkdif;em} vdkY wifpm;ac:qdkxm;yg w,f/

http://www.gomediazine.com Deviantart vdy k J design communit wpfckjzpfygw,f/ Register vkyf oifw h t hJ aMumif;uawmh deviantart rSm r&Ekid w f hJ owif;topfawGeYJ designer

awG&JU enf;ynmqkdif&m vQKdU0Sufcsuf awGudk blog pwkdif &&SdcHpm;EkdifvdkY jzpf ygw,f/ &Sif;oefYjyD; prwfuswJh tjyif tqifaMumifh oifukd,fwkdif oifh&JU homepage udk gomedia yHkpHtwkdif; vdkcsifqE´awG ay:aygufvmrSm rvGJyg

http://www.iheartvector.com Photo &JUpattern awG? illustrator &JU eps awGeJY wjcm;aom download &,lEkdifwJh vector aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm wnf&Sdaeygw,f/ Category wpfck csif;tvdkuf vdktyfwJh (.eps) (.ai) file awG download &,l E k d i f y gw,f / Pattern shapes awG tawmfudk pHkvif

ygw,f/

http://www.psdfan.com Photoshop &JU psd file awGudk tcsif;csif;rQa0Mu&if; designer awG

tcsif;csif; qufoG,fEkdifapzdkY zefwD; ay;xm;wJh pmrsufESmjzpfygw,f/ ay: aygufvmwm rMumao;ayr,fh &Sm;yg; jyD; cufcJwJh oifcef;pmawGaMumifha&m? tcrJ h & Ek d i f w J h psd awG a Mumif h a &m webpage &JU apwemw&m;aMumifhyg aygif;pyfjyD; pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m avhvm Munfh½IEkdifygw,f/

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 127

Preview

? wu,fh tppfvdk ,kwådwef obm0usjcif;/ Far Cry 2 twGuf aomhcsufpum;vHk;tjzpf xdkodkYyJ ajym&vdrhfr,f/ tcgrsm;pGmrSm *drf;urÇmqdkwmu ZmwfcHkaemufcH qufwifvdk ½kyfjidrfyef;csDum;csyfozG,f jzpfwwfonfyJ r[kwfvm;/ &Sifoef ajymif;vJwwfwJh 0ef;usifwpfck zefwD;zdkY qdkwm[m *drf; developer awGtwGuf 0efMuD;vGef;vSw,f/ Far Cry 2 rSmawmh xdk 0efxkyf MuD;MuD;rm;rm;udk ausauseyfeyfMuD; xrf;ydk;xm;ygw,f/ Dunia engine topf aus;Zl;eJY 0ef;usifurÇmu tjyifrSmvdk EGJUvdrf ajyjypf nGwfaysmif;w,f/ 24 em&D ywfvnf aeYESifhn tcsdefajymif;w,f/ cdkudk;&m a&xGufaygufodkY oihf&JU usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmrIudk wd&pämefawGu wHkYjyefw,f/ typftcwf aygufuGJrIrsm;tv,f tm;ukefEGrf;us rvIyf&Sm;Edkif rjzpf&atmif oif a&m? oihf rdwfaqG r[mrdwfeJY AI &efbufrsm;yg tem;,l tdyfpufzdkY vdkygao; w,f/ 'Pf&m&wJhtcg aq;jyif;vdyfudk rD;n§d? vSHpGyfeJY usnfqefudk cJGxkwfwmrsKd; awG vkyf&OD;r,f/ ¤if;&JU yxrqHk; sequel rSmudk 'D xkwfukefvdkif;rSm vGefvGefrif;rif; topf wpfzef jyefp reboot vkyfxm;wm &Sif;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh yxr*drf;rS qufvuf Authenticity

128

uGuGefyesfyLwm*s sLwm*sme,f me,f

Preview usef&SdqJuawmh oGm;vdk&m vGwfvGwf vyfvyfoGm;EdkifwJh free roaming 0ef; usifeYJ tzGio fh abm open-ended mission zGJUpnf;ydkyg/ S.T.A.L.K.E.R eJY xl;xl;jcm;jcm;udk qifygw,f/ 'Dt&meJYtwl ,cif rMuHKpcJhzl; aom tqihfeJY *drf;0ef;usif space udk udkifwG,f jyKjyif pD&ifEdkifpGrf; ay;xm; wmaMumifh mission wpfckxJrSmudk enf;aygif; 'gZifjzifhcsDí ajz&Sif;EdkifpGrf; &Sdvmw,f/ oihfudk,fydkif *drf;ozG,f zefwD;MuHqEdkifrIrsm;pGm &vmapw,f/ qdkygawmh/ xdk qAm;em;jrufcif;udk flame thrower eJY rD;wif½UdI jcif;eJY &efol awG vGwfroGm;atmif wm;qD;zdkY&mrsKd; twGufyJ jzpfjzpf? oihftm; n§yfyl;n§yf ydwf rwdkufEdkifatmif umuG,fzdkY&m twGufyJjzpfjzpf jyKvkyfEdkifw,f/ n txd apmifhjyD;rS arSmif&dyfcdkwdkufrvm;/ wd&pämefawGudk ajcmufvSefYjyD; &efoludk tm½H k v S n f h p m;rvm;/ avwd k u f & m OD;wnfbufeYJ rd;k &Gmwm? aeomwmawG vnf; xnfw h u G x f m;OD;/ jyD;awmhvnf; b,f*drf;awGrSmrsm; udk,fh&JU aoewf Mum&SnfoHk;&if; ,dk,Gif; ysufpD;vmwm

awG awGUzl;vJ/ FC 2 rSm vufeufawGu a&ukefa&cef; oHk;av wdusrIeJY ,Hk Munf tm;xm;&rI avsmhusvmavyJ/ 'Dvdk ,kwådwef obm0usvGef;jcif;awG u rvdktyfbJ pdwftaESmifht,Suf jzpf apovm;qdkwmawmh aemufudpö wpfck aygh/ aemuf q H k ; tjcm;enf ; tm;vH k ; tvkyfrjzpf&if ajrmufjrm;vSpGmaom ,mOftrsKd;tpm;awGrS wpfckcktay:

ck e f w uf j yD ; aemuf w pf & uf t wG u f wdkufcdkufEdkifao;/ *drf;urÇm&JU tus,f t0ef;uvnf; virtual square kilometer aygif; 50 &Sdoudk;/ *drf;urÇm&JU xl;xl;uJuJ tao;pdwfusyHkuawmh azmfxkwfol Ubisoft tzGJU[m uifnm txd oGm;jyD; tmz&du&JU look and feel udk zrf;qkyf,lcJhvdkYyJ jzpfr,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dukd bmaMumihf a&muf& wmygvdrfh/ tzGJUESpfzGJUtMum; aygufuGJ xGuv f mwJh ppfraS eí aumufuspfaom vufeufukefonfu tusKd;tjrwf n§pfxkwf,lvsuf &Sdw,f/ oif[m aMu;pm; mercenary tjzpf xdk r&yf rem;aom y#dyu©ppfyGJawGrS udk,fusKd; &Sm tjrwfxkwfoludk &Sif;vif; z,f&Sm; ypf&r,f/ usufpm;&r,fh 0ef;usifawG u uEÅm&? qAm;em; jrufcif;? awm tkyfeJY e,fpyfjrdKU&Tmrsm;/ rlv*drf;rSmvdk tkef;xef;yif? urf;ajcESifh odyÜH "mwfcGJ cef; qufwifr[kwrf yl J odyí f zGUH jzdK;vSykH ray:/ oihf&JU Zmwfaumif[m puúL ajryHkeJY compass udkyJ tm;udk;&yg w,f/ t rsm; pk tm; jzifh orm;½dk;us

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 129

Preview vufeufawGyJ udik &f ayr,fh *dr;f &JU awGU MuHK cHpm;&rIukd xdcu kd af prnf r[kwyf g/ Vehicle awG armif;ESi& f wmu ,kww då ef yDjyifjyD; udkifwG,f xdef;ausmif;rIvnf; vG,fulygw,f/ vufeufawG&JU us,f avmif jrnf[def;rIeJYvnf; tm;ygvSyg w,f/ vSyaom ½IarQmfcif;? ajymif;vJrI tjynfheJY urÇm? ÓPf&Sdaom &efolrsm;? obm0uspGm ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;wwfwJh vufeufeJY ,mOfawG? jrefqefaom gameplay wdkYjzifh oihf missions udk b,fvkd csOf;uyfcsifovJqo kd nfh trsKd; rsKd;aom AsL[mrsm; cif;usif;Edkifr,fh

130

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tcG i h f t vrf ; rsm;pG m ay;xm;w,f / Brute force twif;uma&m 0ifa&muf acsrIef;rvm;/ &efolawGudk ta0;rS aeí sniping jzifh trSnfha>crvm;/ jref q ef w J h vehicle vuf w pf u rf ; tuGmxm;jyD; hit-and-run tactics oHk;rvm;/ jyD;aomf FPS action *drf; xHk;pH twdik ;f multiplayer mode. tmz&durSm pdefxGufw,f/ xGufwJhpdefu blood diamond. Single-player campaign

rSmu wefzdk;&SdvSaom ausmufrsufudk ppfy0JG ifaewJh factions awGu rdik ;f wl;jyD; civil war udk axmufyHhw,f/ Multiplayer mode rSmawmh rank wufjyD; weapons topf zGihfay;wmeJY blood diamonds awGeJY csD;jr§ihfay;w,f/ udpö ES p f c k p vH k ; rS m pd e f a wG u ayguf u G J vQHxGufwJh action awGudk avmifpm jznfhay;ygw,f/ &efolYtajcpdkufpcef;u tvHudk ,ljyD; udk,fhpcef;ta&muf jyefo,f&if tEdik &f wJh copture the flag upm;enf; rSm tvHtpm; Capture the Diamond eJ Y tpm;xd k ; xm;ygw,f / ygaeus Deathmatch, Team Deathmatch awG

tjyif VIP (counter orm;awG odw,f) eJY Buttle-field-style point capture pyfxm;aom Uprising mode ygw,f/ Single-player rSm o,f,l ydkY aqmif&mom jzpfaom vehicles awGu multiplayer rSm AsL[majrmuf tcef; u@u ygw,f/ *spfum;ay:u puf aoewfukd wpfa,muf ypf? wpfa,muf u armif;? toif;tzGJUpdwfeJY upm;Edkif ygw,f/ xHk;pHtwdkif; class awG &Sd&m ajcmufrsKd;xJrSm commando, rebel, guerilla, sharpshooter awG yg&S d w,f/ rjywfwrf; yg&SdwJh upgrades eJY map editor awGaMumifh FC2 &JU multiplayer [m tawmfav; euf½Idif; w,fvdkY ajymEdkifygw,f/ Crysis tjyD ; rS m taumif ; qH k ; arQmfvihx f m;Edik w f hJ tvm;tvmaumif; &Sad om FPS *dr;f jzpfjyD; PC tjyif Xbox 360 eJY PS3 awG tay:rSmyg &&Sdygvdrhf r,f/ pufaumif;aumif;&Smxm;zdkYyJ ta&;MuD;ygw,f/

Review

ATV (all-terrian vehicle): armfawmf

qdkifu,fuJhodkY vufudkifbm;wef;jzifh xdef;ausmif; armif;ESif&aom wpf a,mufp;D pufwyf,mOf/ trsm;tm;jzifh MuD;rm;aom bD;av;bD;ygjyD; Murf; wrf;aom ajrrsuEf mS oGijf yif trsK;d rsK;d rSm oGm;vmEdkifonf/ trSwf A uae B odYk oihjf ydKifbuf xuf ydjk yD; jrefjrefa&mufatmif oGm;&wJh *drf;trsKd;tpm;taeeJY racing *drf;awG u tHhMop&maumif;avmufatmif axG jym;vGef;ygw,f/ 'D genre rSm Gran Turismo eJY forza motorsport vdk simulations awG &Sdw,f/ Need for Speed eJY Midnight Club vdk jrdKUwGif; vrf;ay:u csde;f yGJ street racers rsKd;awG &Sdw,f/ Wipeout eJY Twistel Metal vdk tem*wfqefwhJ racers awG &Sw d ,f/ 'gayr,fh ydkjyD; ta&;ygwm jzpfaumif; jzpfr,fh t&muawmh *drf;wpfckpDrS oihfudk ay;xm;wJh a&G;cs,f,lp&m vehicle ,mOftrsKd;tpm;awG jzpfw,f/ oif udik w f , G af rmif;ESi&f wJh vehicle u oifupm;&wJh*drf;trsKd;tpm;udk ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfay;w,f/ uav;pD; kart, a&qdi ku f ,f Jet-Ski, Truck, Motorbike eJY ESif;avQmpD; snowboard awGawmifygao;w,f/ tck Pure rSm oif pD;eif;&r,fh ,mOfuawmh ATV yJ

jzpfw,f/ azmfxw k o f l jAdwed f tajcpdu k f Black Rock Studio [m t&if moto GP pD;&D;awGeJY emrnf&cJhzl;w,f/ PS *drf;pufawGay:u tJ'D Moto GP [m tjyifavmueJY oP²mef o½kyf wlatmifazmfaqmifwhJ sim-style jzpfay r,fh Pure uawmhacgif;xdyu f ae tjrD; zsm;txd MuD;rm;wJh ckefysHrIrsm; tjynfh? xdwfxdwfMuJ pwefYuGufqef; tricks rsm;? vGefuJwJh tjrefEIef;awGeJY (½dk;pif; vG,u f al om control jzifh obm0,kwdå usp&mvnf; rvdak om) arcade *dr;f ppf ppf jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk ajymvdkufawmh *drf;u tppf trSew f &m;uae vH;k 0MuD;z,fcmG aewm awmh r[kwfyg/ Pure twGif; oif armif;ESif&r,fh ATV bikes awGu

tajcusr?I jyefveS w f YkHjyefraI wGrmS simulation *dr;f uae oif arQmr f eS ;f xm;Edik w f hJ yHpk t H wdik ;f taotcsmcHpm;&ygapr,f/ 'gayr,fh AD'D,dk*drf;awGrSmom awGUEdkif r,fh vGeu f v J eG ;f vSaom avxJ0yJ sH vIyf &Sm;rI trsKd;tpm;awG ay;pGrf;Edkifw,f/ wu,fu ATV bikes awGudk *drf; twGif; aqmifMuOf;,lvm&jcif;u bD; av;bD;eJYqdk&if um;eJYqifwJh control &qJrSm armfawmfqdkifu,fuJhodkY avxJ jrihfrm;pGm 0JysHí&atmif ayghyg;wJh twGuf jzpfw,f/ off-road racing jzpfawmh crf;em; vSwJh outdoor 0ef;usifudk epic scale eJY azmfEdkifw,f/ {&d,m 12 rsKd; ygjyD; umvDzdk;eD;,m;u av,mOfocsØKif;? ,dk;',m;u tylydkif;uRef;? e,l;ZDvef

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 131

Review

u a&cJawmifawG? oJuEÅm&awG yg&Sd w,f/ Aircraft graveyard rSm qdk&if ukefwifav,mOf? c&D;onfwif av ,mOftcGHawG? 0if;jcHa[mif;? py,f,m wm,mawG? oHjym;wGefYeJY owåKtpte awGeJY ppfrSef obm0uspGm azmfaqmif xm;w,f/ awmifxyfzsm;awGrSm qdk&if vnf; ½IarQmcf if;udk [d;k wpfarQmw f pfac: jrif&apw,f/ Track vrf;aMumif; wpfavQmuf pD ; eif ; pOf uif r &mud k tjrJ r jywf a&TUajymif;ay;aejyD; racing experience udk '&mrm jzpfavmufatmif wGef;wif ay;w,f/ yHkao aemufausm view u jrefEIef;cHpm;&rIudk ay:vGifapjyD; boost wifjyD; t&Sed w f ifwt hJ cg 0g;oGm;wJh rsO;f vdkif;awGeJY tenf;i,f wkefcgrI effect awGeJY aemufwpfqihf wufay;xm; w,f/ avxJodkY 0JysHa&muf&SdoGm;csdef uifr&mu touf0ifvmjyD; pwefY uGufqef; tricks awGomru 0ef;usif udkyg wide-angle ½Iaxmifhus,feJY jrif&atmif vSnfhywfjyoay;w,f/ Pure qd k w m extreme sports aoG;om;0dnmOftjynfheJY racer jzpf w,f / t&mtm;vH k ; &J U txuf r S m yef;wdkifudk OD;qHk;a&mufzdkY&myJ vHk;yef;

132

uGefysLwm*sme,f

&wJh tcgawG &Sdr,f/ axmihfcsKd;awG jynfph kH wduspmG auGUzdYk &myJ tm½Hjk yK&r,fh tcgawG &Srd ,f/ 'gayr,fh oih&f UJ tcsdef trsm;pkrSm tjyifü wu,frjzpfEdkifwm awG jyKvkyfzdkY oHk;pGJ&r,f/ jyD;awmh 'g[m Pure &JU taumif;qHk;tydkif; jzpf w,f/ Pure &JU tESpt f om;u avxJ 0JysH ajrmufwufcsdef pwefYuu G q f ef; tricks rsm;? Xbox controller ay:rSm A, B, Y, PC rSmqdk&if num pad eJY oHk;&w,f/ tqihfawG wpfxpfjyD;wpfxpf wuf oGm;apzdkY&m jzpfw,f/ tqihfwufvm wJhtcg wdk;í ½Iyf axG;vmjyD; trick awGu pdefac:rI MuD;

vmum power bonus awG yd&k vmr,f/ A-button tricks u tajccH/ Bbutton tricks rS m aemuf w pf q ih f wufvmjyD; Y-level tricks awGu xdyfqHk;tqihf jzpfw,f/ Trick button trsKd;tpm; wpfckpDudk screen atmuf nmbufaxmihrf mS rDwm oH;k ckeYJ jyw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm vSnfhuGufwpfcku oif[m B-button tricks udk jyKvkyfzdkY qdk&if yxrqHk; A rDwmudk jynfhatmif jznfh&r,f/ xdkYtwlyJ Y-button tricks twGuf A a&m? B button rDwmyg jznf&h r,f/ rDwm oH;k ckpvH;k jynfo h mG ;&if awmh &Snfvsm;vSyvGef;wJh signature trick &ygr,f/ Trick eJY jznfh,lvmwJh rDwmu ATV &JU boost wGef;tm;oHk;wJhtcg jyKef;wD;avsmhusw,f/ 'gaMumifh game play &JU wpfydkif;tjzpf avxJ jrihfjrihf a&mufatmif boost oHk;&jcif;eJY rSefuef oihaf wmfwt hJ csed rf mS taumif;qH;k trick udk oH;k zdYk oif\ trick meter udk acRwm pkaqmif;jcif;tMum; csdeq f &r,f/ tcsKdU tricks awGu avxJ tjrihMf uD; a&mufrS vkyfvdkY&w,fav/ 'Dvdk csdefq&jcif; pdwfauseyfzG,f risk-reward ,EÅ&m; ay;xm;w,f/ Signature trick txd

Review a&muf&ifawmh rDwmrusapbJ boost udk MudKufoavmuf oH;k í &vmygw,f/ Pure &JU aemufxyf aumif;rGefwJh tydik ;f u career mode rSm wd;k wufvm av oihf ATV udk upgrade vkyEf ikd pf rG ;f jzpfw,f/ yJGtopfawG zGihf[r,f/ tpdwt f ydik ;f opfawG &vmr,f/ oif[m ATV bikes wpfckudk tpdwftydkif; rsm;pGmrS a&G;cs,fpyf[yfjyD; pdwfMudKuf qif,lEdkifygao;w,f/ Pure &JU single-player career mode u world tour jzpfw,f/ Racer wpfcu k kd a&G;? oif bike udk wnfaqmuf? wdk;í cufcJvmaewJh tqihf 10 qihf jyD;atmif wuf&r,f/ Tutorials jzifh vG,fvihfwul jzpfapjyD; ydkpif;aom pdefac:rI tenf;i,fjzihf cufcJrIeJY &Snfvsm;rIudk wjznf;jznf; wufap w,f/ jydKif&r,fh events type trsKd; tpm;awGu sprint, race eJY free style oHk;rsKd; &Sdw,f/ Sprint qdkwm tjref EIef;eJY xdef;ausmif; armif;ESifrI ouf ouftwGufyJ/ Tracks ajy;vrf;awG u ydkwdk ydkusOf;ajrmif;jyD; trick awG jyK vkyfí boost &p&m ckefysHrI jumps rsm; tvGefenf;w,f/ Race mode rSm enf;pepfusus armif;ESifjcif;eJY avxJ

0JysrH I crazy air tMum; rQxm;ay;w,f/ Jumps ckefí tricks rsm; jyKvkyfum boost rDwm jznfh,lzdkY tcGihfta&; rsm;pGm &Sdw,f/ jyD;awmhrS yef;wdkifudk xdyfqHk;u a&mufzdkY ¤if; boost rDwmudk tm;udk;&ygr,f/ Sprint eJY Race u finish line udk yxrqH;k a&mufzYkd&mom jzpfcsed rf mS Freestyle uawmh Pure &JU tawmufyqHk; tydkif;jzpfw,f/ Finish line &,fvdkY awmif r&Sdawmhbl;/ oif[m tMuD;qHk; eJY taumif;qHk; trick score awG &zdkYyJ tcsed ef YJ wdu k yf 0JG if&r,f/ qDrukeaf tmif pkaqmif;oGm;&r,f/ olrsm;a&SUa&mufzdkY tpm; tricks combos awG qufwdkuf oDw, JG o l mG ;um trSwt f rsm;qH;k &zdYk&myJ Tracks awGrSm ckefysHp&m tjynfhay; xm;w,f/ tydkqD? 2x trSwf ESpfq wdk;ay;&meJY top-level moves csufcsif; &wJh power-ups awGvnf; ckwHk;rS avxJ ysHwufpOf zrf;,lEdkifjcif;[m atmifyt JG wGuf ta&;ygvSw,f/ oih&f UJ tricks awG tvH;k pHk odjyD; expert jzpfwhJ tcg Pure &JU Freestyle mode u tvGefudk pdwfauseyfzG,f&m aumif;yg w,f/ aemuf online multiplay mode rSm xdk single-player modes oH;k ckpvH;k

tjyif tvG e f a umif ; rG e f w J h tyd k xyfaqmif; free ride online-only race type yg&Sdao;w,f/ jydKifqdkifol awGu ay;xm;wJh tcsdeftwGif; ae&m trsKd;rsKd;rSm trSwfawG&atmif vkyf& w,f / Jumps awG x uf jref j ref oGm;wm ydkpdwf0ifpm;&if tjrefqHk; Lap times &atmif tm½H k p d k u f E d k i f w ,f / ½l ; avmuf p &m trick combos awG cspfjrwfEdk;&if xdkvrf;aMumif;vdkufjyD; atmifyGJxGuf,lEdkifw,f/ Crazy air u oifhtwGuf jzpf&if tjrihfqHk; Jump odkY oGm;Edik yf gw,f/ Black Rock [m Pure &JU single player modes tcsKdUudk online odkY a&TU,ljyD; jyD;jyD;a&m vkyfí &EdkifcJhom;yJ/ tJ'Dvdk rvkyfbJ olwdkYu tm;vH;k udyk gatmif,jl yD; tydx k yfaqmif; jznfhxnfhum *drf;&JU oufwrf;udk &Snaf pzdYk vkyx f m;w,f/ Online rSm 16 a,muf yg0ifEdkifw,f/ vlrjynfh&if AI eJYvnf; jznfhay;Edkifw,f/ jcHKajym&&if presentation ydkif;rSm level eJY tracks awG vSypGm yHk&dyfjc,f xm;w,f/ Graphics u rdkifaygif; wpfarQmfwpfac: ½IarQmfcif;ygw,f/ Bikes awGu jywfom;jyD; Zmwfaumif animation awG acsmarGUw,f/ Sound tif*sif wkefcg atmfjrnfoHawG wdus w,f/

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 133

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Word Annoyance

pdwt f aESmift h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyóem tcef; (4) tykid ;f (3) Automatic Style Update

vkyrf u I kd ydw, f jl cif;

í paragraph rsm;onf soft returns r[kwfcJhygu wpfckckrSm;aejyD[k ,lq&rnfjzpfonf/ Word 2003 odkYr[kwf Word XP jzpfygu Format rSwpfqifh Style odkYoGm;um Styles and formatting task pane twGif;rS paragraph \ style udk click vkyf,l&onf/ Dropdown arrow udk toHk;cs&if Modify Style dialog box twGi;f wGif Modify udk a&G;cs,fxm;ay;&onf/ "Automatically update" box wGif uncheck trSwftom; jyKum OK udk ESdyf,lvkduf&rnf/ Word 2000 wGifrl format rSwpfqifh Style odkYoGm;í Style dialog box udk ac:xkwf,l&onf/ Style list rS Style trnfwpfckudk click vkyfjyD; Modify cvkwfudk ESdyf,l&rnf/ Modify Style dialog box twGif;&Sd "Automatically Updates box" wGif uncheck trSwftom;jyKay;jyD; OK udk ESdyf ay;um Style dialog box \ Apply cvkwfudk Click vkyfay;½Hkomjzpfonf/

Annoyance

rdrda&G;cs,fxm;onfh paragraphs ESpfckudk bullets rsm; wyfapcJhonf/ odkYaomf Word onf document twGif;&Sd paragraph wkdif;tm; toHk;jyKaponf/ Fix

yxrOD;pGm Ctrl + Z udkESdyfíjzpfap? Undo cvkwfudk ESdyfíjzpfap? bullets rsm;udk z,fxkwfypf&ygrnf/ jyD;vQif jzpfEkdifp&m enf;vrf;ESpfckjzifh ppfaq;jyKjyif,l&onf/ • rdrd paragraphs rsm;onf tppftrSef paragraph rsm; tjzpf wnf&Sdaejcif; r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;wdkYtMum; "Soft returns" (Shift + Enter) ESifhtwl tykd'fcGJxm;&Sd aeMuaponf/ ppfaq;&eftvdkYiSm standard toolbar ay:&Sd Show/ Hide button udk formatting marks jyay; &eftwGuf click vkyf&rnfjzpfum mark tpm; paragraph rsm;tqH;k wGif mark rsm;awGYaecJo h nf &Srd &Sd Munfh ay;&rnf/ wu,fudk awGYae&ygu Edit rSwpfqifh Replace odkYoGm;um "Find What" box twGif; ^1 udk ½dkufoGif;jyD; "Replace with" box wGif ^P udk ½dkufoGif; ,l&ygonf/ jyD;vQif Replace All button udk click vkyf,lvkduf½Hkomjzpfonf/ • Word taejzifh tvdktavsmuf style udk update vky& f ef qHk;jzwfcJhonf&Sdaomf tqdkyg style onf document twGi;f rS paragraphs tm;vHk;udk jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufxm;í jzpfap? default document wpfcktwGif; heading styles rsm;ESihf Normal style ay:tajccHxm;onfh tjcm; pwkdifrsm; &Sdaeaponf/ Based udk toHk;jyKxm;onf/ Style tm;vH;k jyKvkyx f m;íjzpfap &Sad eEkid yf gonf/ tu,f

134

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Language

ajymif;jcif;rS &yfem;jcif;

Annoyance Word onf language udk ajymif;xm;wwfonf/ Special character rsm;udk csefvSyfxm;&ef ajymqdkonfhwkdif ajymif;ypfwwfonf/ rdrdtaejzifh English Australia [k csdew f , G x f m;&rS English US eJY English UK udk ajymif;oGm; onf/ tqdk;qHk;rSm French ajymif;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ Fix

tvdktavsmuf language detection udk ydwfxm;&rnf jzpfonf/ Tools rSwpfqifh Language odkYoGm;um Set Language udk a&G;,l&ygrnf/ Language dialog box

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm twGif;rS " Detect language automatically" udk uncheck jyKvkyfay;&onf/

vuf

wkYd

t

nTe;f

Automatic Language detection onf Word tvdk&Sd onfh processing power yrmPudk wd;k jr§i, hf al vh&o dS nf/ odkYtwGuf rvdktyfvQif tqdkyg detection udk ydwfxm; jcif;onf taumif;qHk;jzpfapygvdrfhrnf/

rdrdtvkyfvkyfaepOftwGif; Word rS tvdktavsmuf detect vkyf&ef MudK;pm;vmaom languages rsm;udk csdefnd§&ef Microsoft Office Language Setting application udk zGifh,l&onf/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh Office 2003 twGuf Start rS All Programs odkYoGm;í Microsoft Office udk ac:,lum Microsoft Office Tools odYk omG ;&rnf/ xdr kw S pfqifh Microsoft Office 2003 Language Settings udk ac:,l&onf/) ¤if;rS Enabled Language tab ay:&Sd options rsm;udk toH;k cs &rnfjzpfonf/ rdrd ajymif;vJcsuu f kd toH;k rcsrD Office application tm;vHk;udk restart jyefvkyfzdkY vdktyfygonf/ Numbering number lists twGi;f rS automatic numbering udk

jyKjyif j cif ; Annoyance

tvdt k avsmuf ta&twGuf jyKvkyaf y;csuo f nf tvGef tHhMozG,faumif;vSonf/ rdrdtaejzifh pmrsufESm 300 cefY &Sdonfh document wpfckudk vkyfudkifcJhonf/ List wpfckudk pwifjyKvkyo f nft h csed w f idk ;f pmrsuEf mS aph trSwpf Ofwyf,cl &hJ m wGif udk;½dk;um;&m;jzpfaeavh&Sdonf/ tMudrfMudrf jyefvkyf vnf; trSm;rSm; t,Gif;,Gif; &SdaecJhonf/ Fix

rarQmfvifah om jyóemwpfcjk zpfonf/ yxrqH;k tMudrf awGYMuHKjcif;jzpfouJo h Ykd aemif þuJo h Ykd rjzpfap&ef twdck sK;H &Si;f jy&rnfqdkygu Word \ List templates jyóemomvQif jzpfEkdifygonf/ rdrdtaejzifh document wpfcktwGif; list tcsKUd xuf rsm;jym;pGmzefw;D vku d o f nfEiS hf ',D;',dik jf zpfomG ;& onfo h abmjzpfonf/ Numbering udk jyifqifaomenf;vrf; tcsKdU&Sdygonf/ odkY&mwGif taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;rSm þodkY

aom tm;enf;csufray:aom word oabmudk odxm;&efyif jzpfonf/ Word onf Formatting toolbar ay:rS Numbering button udk click vkyfjcif;jzifhjzpfap? Bullete and Numbering dialog box udk toH;k csjcif;jzifjh zpfap List templates udk rzefwD;ap&rnfhtaetxm; jzpfonf/ acsmarGYpGm? tqifajypGm&,lEidk rf nfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk avhvmMunf&h rnf/ List

wpfcpk u D kd

manual

jzifh

restart

vkyjf cif;

pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf vkyfukdifvdkonfqdkygu shortcut menu rS Restart Numbering udak &G;í List wpfcp k u D kd rightclick vkyf&if manual jzifh vkyfukdif,lEkdifygonf/ Word 2000 taejzifh þodkYaom command udk cGifhrjyKxm;ay/ odkYtwGuf Bullets and Numbering dialog box udk cif;cs ,l&onf/ xdkae&mwGif rSefuefaom list template udk a&G;rd &ef ta&;MuD;onf/ "Restart Numbering" option a&G;,ljyD; OK udk ESdyfay;&onf/ Numbering udk rpwifrD document jyD;qHk;onftxd apmifh,l&rnf/ odkYr[kwfu aemufykdif; lists qDudkom oGm;aernfjzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

owd j yK&ef Restarting vkyfaeonfh list wpfckonf list \ yxrqHk; pmydk'ftwGif;&Sd restart marker wpfckudk cs,lonf/ tu,fí tqdkygpmykd'f copy udk a&G;rnf qdkygu restart marker u wGJvsufygvmrnf/ odkYtwGuf list wpfckudk restart vkyfvQif yxrqHk; pmykd'fudk copy vkyfjyD; list topfwpfckeJY zefwD;rnfh documents twGif;wGif aemufydkif;ü paste vkyf,l &onf/ tqdkygpmykd'frS jyefpjyD; numbering udk

qufvkyfoGm;wwfonf/ odkYtwGuf rSefuefonfh numbering udk vkyf&mwGif list \ rlv tajctae tprSom restart topfudk xnfhoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ Manual eJY lists rsm;udk restart vkyaf pjcif;onf wu,f

wrf ; tm;jzif h auseyf a vmuf p &m tajz&cJ v S y gonf / odkY&mwGif document udk print vkyfonfhtcg trSwfpOf rSefuefrI&SdvQifyif vHkavmufapygvdrfhrnf/ List template udk reset vkyjf cif; rdrd&JU list numbering vkyfief;pOfu udk;½dk;um;&m;jzpf aecJhvQif list templates udkjyefí csdefwG,f,l&ayawmhrnf/

Edk0ifbm? 2008 135

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm Format rSwpfqifh Bullets and Numbering odkYoGm;í dialog box ukdzGifhay;&ef aqmif&Guf&onf/ Tab wpfckcsif; ay:wGif list template wpfckpDudk click vkyf&onf/ tqkdyg template twGuf Reset button &Sdrnfqdkygu button udk ESdyfjyD; confirmation dialog box twGif;rS Yes cvkwfudk ESdyf,l&rnf/ jyD;pD;oGm;ygu Close cvkwfudk Click vkyfyg/

avmavmq,fjzpfvmonfh jyóemrsm;udk þenf;jzifh jyKjyif,lEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ List

wpfckpDudk p&ef pwkdifwpfck owfrSwf,ljcif;

wu,fvdkYrsm; template wpfckudk 'DZkdif;jyefcs,lEkdif avmufwJhtcsdef&Sdr,fqdkygu style wpfckudk designate vkyf Ekdifygao;onf/ tqdkyg style twGif;&Sd pmykd'ftaejzifh List \ tpdwt f ykid ;f jzpfraeapay/ odYk aomf list start eJY nTejf yrIukd awmh ay;ygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh list wpfckpDtwGif; OD;aqmif xm;onfh pmykd'f\pmukd,ftwGuf Body list Intro trnf&Sd style wpfckudk zefwD;vkyfukdifaponf/ 1/ Word 2003 odYkr[kwf Word XP wGif Format rSwpfqifh Styles and formatting odYk omG ;um New Style button udk click vkyf,lyg/ Word 2000 wGifqdkygu Format u wpfqifh Style udkoGm;jyD; New Style button udk ESdyf,l&onf/ 2/ Style topfpufpufjzpfonfh Body List Intro udk trnfay;yg/ "Style for following paragraph" qdk onfh drop- down list twGif;rS rdrd\ numbered list twGuf toHk;jyKrnfh Style udk a&G;cs,f toHk;csjcif; jzpfonf/ 3/ "Add to template" box wGif check trSwt f om;jyKyg/ 4/ Format cvkwu f kd click vkyjf yD; pop-up menu rS Paragraph udk a&G;cs,fESdyf,lyg/ Indent and Spacing tabs ay:rSm "Outline level" qdkonfh drop-down list twGif; Level 1 udk a&G;cs,fay;yg/ Paragraph dialog box udk ydwf&ef OK udk ESdyfay;vkduf&onf/ 5/ Format button udk xyfESdyfjyD; pop-up menu rS New button udk a&G;,lyg/ Outline Numbered tab ay: click vkyjf yD; rdrt d ajccHtoH;k csvkad om list ay:wGif list template udk click vkyf,lum customize cvkwfudk ESdyfay;vkduf&onf/ 6/ Level List twGif; 1 a&G;cs,fxm;rI? aocsmrI &Sd r&Sd ppfaq;yg/ "Number format" box \ contents rsm;

136

uGefysLwm*sme,f

udk z,fxkwfypfyg/ More button udk click vkyf? Link level to Style " drop-down list twGif;rS Body List Intro udka&G;,lyg/ xdkYaemuf 'Follow number with' drop down list twGif;rS Nothing udk a&G;ay;vkduf &onf/ 7/ Level List twGi;f '2' udk click vkyjf yD; 'Number format' box twGif;rS format udk wnf;jzwfrI jyK&onf/ Oyrm tm;jzifh 1 udk "1" tpm;ajymif;vJjyK&onf/ "Link level to style" drop down list twGif;rS oifhavsmfonfh numbered list style udka&G;yg/ "Restart numbering f om;jyK&onf/ Drop-down after" wGif check trSwt list twGi;f level 1 udk a&G;,lyg/ xdYk aemuf Customize Outline Numbered List dialog box udk ydw& f eftwGuf OK cvkwfudk ESpfMudrf qufwkdufESdyfay;&onf/ New Style dialog box udkvnf; OK ESdyfay;&onf/ List wpfckudk zefwD;&ef vdktyfvmaomtcg pmykd'fopf wpfckudk zefwD;jyD; list-intro list udk toHk;csEkdifonf/ Real paragraph wpfcktwGuf list-intro style jzpfvQif paragraph twGuf text udk ½dkufoGif;&onf/ jyD;vQif Enter udk ESdyfjyD; List style ESifhtwl numbering udk pwifEkdifonf/

vuf

wkYd

t

nTe;f

List wpfck OD;aqmifay;&eftaejzifh &nfnTef;xm;onfh style wpfcu k kd toH;k jyK&mwGif uku d n f rD rI &Scd ahJ omf vkyu f idk f Ekid rf nft h cGit hf vrf;wpfcrk mS page \b,fbuf (odYkr[kwf nmbuf) margin twGi;f nonprinting frame wpfct k jzpf yg0ifaeaprnfh style wpfckudk zefwD;&efyifjzpfonf/ rdrd lists rsm;udk start vkyfay;rnfjzpfouJhodkY extra paragraph wpfckjzpfap? list tay:rSm space xm;íjzpfap xnfo h iG ;f jcif;rjyKbJ rSeu f efaom numbering udk vkyaf y; Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/ vkyfjyD;onfhtcgwGif frame udk visible

jzpf rjzpf aocsmpGm zGifhMunfh&rnf/

List numbering

jzifh vkyu f idk &f ef

SEQ fields

udk

toH k ; csjcif ; List numbering twGuf toHk;0ifpGm vkyfukdifrIonf Word \ Bullets and Numbering feature udk toH;k jyKjcif; xuf sequence wpfckudk jy|mef;&mwGif SEQ fields udk

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm toHk;jyKMu&efjzpfonf/ rnfonfh lists rsm;wGif wpfckpD starts vkyfay;&eftwGuf wdwdusus word udk nTefMum;ay; ouJo h Ykd jzpfomG ;aponf/ SEQ fields udk manual jzifh xnfh oGif;,ljcif;onf ysif;&dzG,fawmh aumif;ayvdrfhrnf/ odkY&m wGif Auto Correct entries jzifhvnf; zefwD;,lEkdifygao; onf/

vuf

wkYd

t

nTe;f

SEQ fields udk toH;k jyKjcif;jzifh tm;omcsu& fo dS vdk tm; enf;csufvnf; &SdEkdifygonf/ Word \ standard sense twGif;rS list wpfckudk zefwD;jcif;r[kwfaom aMumifh Word rS list wpfcktaejzifh jyKrlaqmif&Gufvdrfh rnf r[kwfay/ qdkvdkonfrSm numbering vkyfcGifh&&ef twGuf sequence twGif;rS paragraphs rsm;ay:wGif renumbering wGe;f tm;ay; vkyc f idk ;f &ouJo h Ykd jzpfaeap ygonf/ Numbering udk restart vkyf&eftwGufjzpfap? qufvkyf&eftwGufjzpfap twif;wGef;ckdif;ouJhodkY yHkpH rsKd; aygufaeapygvdrfhrnf/

Auto Correct entries zefwD;&ef 1/ Paragraph topfwpfckudk pwifvkdufjyD; field code wpfck\ tpESifhtqHk;udk designate vkyfxm;onfh wGefY aumufxm;aomuGif;rsm; { } xnfhoGif;&ef Ctrl + F9 ukEd ydS yf g/ «tqdyk g wGeYfuiG ;f rsm; r½du k o f iG ;f Ekid v f Qif tvkyf rvkyfyg/» 2/ tqdkyg wGefYuGif;rsm;twGif; click vkyfjyD; 1 ESifhtwl sequence udk pEkdif&ef SEQ numlist/r1 udk ½dkufoGif;& onf/ uGi;f ydwjf yD;onfEiS hf Click vkyu f m period wpfck ESifh tab wpfckudk ½dkufoGif;,lyg/ 3/ Shift + Home ESyd yf g/ { SEQ numlist/r1} udk a&G;cs,&f onf/ Tools rSwpfqifh Auto Correct Option word 2000 jzpfygu Tools rS Auto correct udkoGif;jyD; Auto Correct dialog box udk zGi, hf &l onf/ þae&mwGif Formatted udk Replaced box twGif; a&G;xm;jcif;&Sd r&Sd ppfaq;,l&onf/ «defaut jzifh a&G;cs,frIjzpf&rnf/» jyD;vQif Auto Correct entry udk xnf&h ef OK cvkwu f kd click vkyfay;&onf/

4/ rdrd SEQ field udk wnf;jzwfrIjyKonfhtaejzifh { SEQ numlist\n} udk zwfay;onf/ Sequence twGi;f aemuf vmrnfh number udk ¤if;u xnfhoGif;rI jyKvkyfygvdrfh rnf/ wGeYf uiG ;f jyD;aemuf period wpfcEk iS hf tab wpfc½k u kd f oGif;um Shift + Home udkwGJESdyfjyD; vkdif;&JUtpodkY jyef xnfhay;ygrnf/ Tools rSwpfqifh AutoCorrect Option oGm;cJhaomf With box twGif; rdrda&G;cs,frIudk xnfhrnfh AutoCorrect dialog box cif;jyvmrnf/ Formatted text option a&G;cs,fxm;jcif; &Sd r&Sd ppfaq; ,l&rnf/ jyD;vQif X ] udk Replace box twGi;f ½du k o f iG ;f ,lum OK udk ESdyfvkduf&onf/ 5/ AutoCorrect dialog box udk ydwf,ljyD; Shift udk ESdyf xm;jyD; menu udk click vkyf,lyg/ xdkYaemuf Normal dot twGif; Auto Correct entries udk format topf vkyfxm;csufrsm; save vkyf&ef Save All udk a&G;ESdyfay; &onf/ vkyf&onfhvkyfief;pOfrsm;onf ua,mufu,ufEkdif vGef;vSonfh taetxm; &Sdaumif;&SdEkdifygonf/ odkY&mwGif 1 ] ESihf ½du k Ef ydS x f m;onfh numbered list wpfcu k akd wmh zefw;D EkdifoGm;rSmjzpfonf/ yxr paragraph \tpwGif tab wpfck &SdjyD;aemuf X] &Sdaernf/ Subsequent paragraph wpfcpk \ D tprsm;wGifvnf; tab wpfck &Sdaevdrfhrnf/ Field twGuf awmh Word u tvdt k avsmufqo kd vdk rSeu f efonfh number rsm; cif;jyD;jzpfoGm;aponf/ owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrSm paragraph topfwpfckudk xnfhoGif;jyD;aemufaMumif;jyefcJhvQifrl numbers rsm; wpfMudrf xyfrH rSm;,Gif;oGm;wwfygonf/ xdktcg update vkyf&ef F9 udkESdyfí list udk a&G;umjyKjyif,l Ekdifonf/

vuf

wkYd

t

nTe;f

jyD;cJhaom list rS qufvmaprnfh numbering rsm;ESifh twl list wpfckudk pwif&ef 1] vkyf&rnfhtpm; x] ESifh twl continuation list \ yxrqHk; item ESifhtwl pwif&rnfjzpfonf/

qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/

Edk0ifbm? 2008 137

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Snow Tutorial ,ckv oifcef;pmwGif Adobe premiere Pro udk toHk;jyKí ESif;uswJhyHkpHudk jyKvkyfoGm;ygrnf/ ESif;yHkpHjyKvkyf&ef Adobe Photoshop udktoHk;jyKí jyKvkyfEkdifjyD; ESif;pufrsm; twGuf tao;pdwfqGJay;&ef vdktyfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh snow photoshop plug in wpfckudk toHk;jyKí ESif;pufrsm;udk vdkovdk zefwD;vkyfaqmifMunfhygrnf/ Plug in emrnfrSm Mezzoforce-snow2 jzpfí www.mezzoforce.com wGif Registrator vkyfí free download vkyf,lEkdifygonf/ 1/ Download vkyx f m;aom Mezzoforce-snow2.zip ukd Right Click > Extract jzifh file ESpc f &k &Sad tmif jyKvyk yf g/ Snow-2.8bf ESihf snow.dll file ESpc f k &&Sv d mygvdrrhf nf/

4/ Filter > 2manekenai > Mezzoforce snow v. 2:0 udk a&G;yg/ usvmaom dialogbox rS Chaotic = 50 , Snow Density = 20, Color Cut = 120 ½dkufxnfhí OK wGif click ESdyfyg/ pmrsufESmwGif tjzLtpufrsm; &&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ File > Save udka&G;í snow.psd emrnfjzifh odrf;ay;yg/

k kd copy ul;í C:\Program Files\ Adobe 2/ xdk file ESpcf u Photoshop (CS\CS2\ CS3) plug ins\filters folder xJodkY paste vkyfyg/ Photoshop &JU filter menu

atmufwGif &&Sdvmygvdrfhrnf/ 3/ Adobe Photoshop xJoYkd0ifyg/ File > New udak &G;yg/ Size wGif NTSC DV udak &G;yg/ Width ESihf Height rSm 720 x 480 pixels jzpf&ygrnf/ Background Contents wGif Transparent udak &G;í OK wGif click ESy d yf g/

138

uGefysLwm*sme,f

k l 5/ Adobe premiere pro xJoYkd0ifí New project wpfc, yg/ File > Import jzifh Snow.psd file udk ac:xnfyh g/ usvmaom dialogbox rS layer options wGif Merged layers udka&G;í OK wGif click ESdyfyg/

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm 6/ Project panel xJrS snow.psd file udk video3 track xJodkY qGJxnfhyg/ Window > Effect Controls ud k a &G ; yg/ Motion a&S U &S d jrm;wG i f E S d y f í Effect rsm;jrifatmif Munfhxm;ay;yg/ 7/ Home key ESdyfí Edit line udk a&SUodkYa&TUay;yg/ Position pmom;a&SU&Sd Toggle Animation button wGiE f ydS í f key frame xnfhay;yg/ Editline ukd snow.psd file &JU aemufqHk; em;odkY a&TUay;yg/ Position effect &JU nmbufpGef;&Sd Add/ Remove keyframe wGif click ESdyfí keyframe wpfck xyfxnfh ay;yg/ Scale wefzdk;udk 200 ½dkufxnfhay;yg/

10/ Effect Controls rS Position nmbufpGef;&Sd Go to Next keyframe Right arrow wGifESdyfí aemufqHk; keyframe odkY a&TUay;yg/ Program View rS puf0kdif; trSwfudk atmufwnfhwnfhodkY a&TUay;yg/ tay:rS atmufodkY usvmwJhyHkpH jyKvkyfjcif; jzpfygw,f/ Play ESdyfí preview Munfhay;yg/

8/ Effect controls panel rS Motion pmom;wGif click ESyd yf g/ Home key ESyd í f a&SUqH;k keyframe a&mufatmif a&TUxm;yg/ Program view rS fit ae&mwGif 25 % udk a&G;yg/

11/ Sequence > Add Tracks udka&G;yg/ Video tracks 3 ESihf Audio Track 0 xm;í Video Tracks 3 ck ,lay;yg/

9/ Program View wGif puf0kdif;MuufajccwfyHkpH jrifawGY &ygrnf/ puf0kdif;ay:odkY mouse pointer udka&TUyg/ tjzLa&mifjrm;taejzifh jrif&vQif tay:wnfhwnfhodkY a&TUay; yg/

Ed0k ifbm? 2008 139

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm 12/ Video 3 track wGif&Sdaom snow.psd file wGif click ESyd yf g/ Edit > copy udak &G;yg/ Video 4 track pmom;wGif click ESy d yf g/ Edit line udk a&SUqH;k ESihf tenf;i,f cGmxm; yg/ avSum;xpfyHkpH file rsm;udk pD&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Edit > Paste ukd a&G;yg/ Video 4 track wGif snow.psd file aemufwpfck &&Sdvmygrnf/

13/ ESif;rsm; wzGJzGJusvmwJhyHkpHudk qufvufjyKvkyfygrnf/ tqufrjywfusí aysmufoGm;wJhyHkpHudk jyKvkyfyg/ Video 4 pmom;a&SU&Sd Arrow wGif Click ESy d yf g/ Togle lock button atmufrS t0kdif;wGif click ESdyfí snow opacity handles ukda&G;yg/ Ctrl key ukdzdí opacity line wGif click ESy d jf yD; yHyk gtwkid ;f trSwaf v;ck,al y;yg/ a&SUqHk;ESifhaemufqHk; keyframe udk atmufqHk;odkY csay;yg/

14/ tqifh 12 rS vkyfaqmifcsuftwkdif; video 4 track rS psd file udk video 5,6 track xJodkY avSum;xpfyHkpH twkdif; copy & paste vkyfay;yg/

15/ ESif;pufrsm; yHkpHwlusaewJhtwGuf yHkpHajymif;atmif Motion Effect rS Position rsm;ud k vk d o vd k ajymif;ay;&ygrnf/ Video 5 track &Sd snow.psd file udk select vkyfyg/ Effect Controls rS Motion pmom;wGif click ESdyfyg/ Position ae&m&Sd Goto Next keyframe wGiE f ydS í f aemufq;kH keyframe odYk a&TUay;yg/ Program view rS puf0kdif;trSwfay:wGif tjzLa&mif Arrow xm;í nmbuftpGef;odkY a&TUay;yg/

16/ tqif1h 5 rStwkid ;f video 6 track &Sd psd file udk a&SUqH;k trSwfESifh aemufqHk;trSwfESpfckpvHk;udk nmbufodkY tenf;i,f a&TUay;yg/ yxr keyframe ESifh 'kwd, keyframe ESpfckwGifom a&TUay;&ygrnf/ Play ESdyfí preview Munfhay;yg/

140

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm 20/ESif;rsm; t&rf;xlxyfaeygu ta&mifavQmhcsEkdifygw,f/ Video 5 Track rS opacity line udk 50% xm;í ta&mif avQmhay;yg/ Video 6 track ukv d nf; txufygtwkid ;f jyKvkyfay;yg/

17/ Video track 3,4,5,6 &Sd file rsm;udk aemufqHk;em;wGif copy wpfcp k D avSum;xpfypkH t H wkid ;f yGm;ay;yg/ Video track wpfckcsif;pD&JU file wpfckcsif;pDudk copy/ paste vkyfay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/

18/ yHkay:wGif ESif;uswJh yHkpHjzpfatmif yHk file udk ac:xnfh ay;&rSmyg/ File > Import ukad &G;yg/ My Documents folder atmuf&dS My pictures udka&G;yg/ Sample picture xJrS winter.jpg file udk ac:xnfhay;yg/

21/aemufcH winter file udkvnf; ta&mifazsmhMunfhygrnf/ File > New > Color Matte udka&G;yg/ aemufcH winter file ESifh ta&mifnDaom tjymazsmhudk a&G;ay;í OK wGiEf ydS yf g/ Choose Name usvmygu Blue ½du k x f nfh í emrnfay;yg/ Blue file udk video 2 track xJodkY qGJa&TUí opacity wefzdk;udk 20 % xm;ay;yg/ File > Save udk a&G;í odrf;ay;yg/ ESif;usaom yHkpHwpfck &&Sd vmygvdrfhrnf/

19/Project panel rS winter file udk video 1 track xJodkY qGJxnfhyg/ Video 6 rS file ESifhnDatmif qGJxm;ay;yg/ Play ESdyfí preview Munfhyg/

rsK;d rif;xGe;f

Ed0k ifbm? 2008 141

Photoshop Tutorial Stroke

Adobe Photoshop

rSm stroke aygi;f xnfh jcif;u xda&mufaom

ESpx f yfo;kH xyfuyG x f m;aom pmom;rsm; zefw;D jcif;

tqifh (1) File > New eJY atmufyg size twkdif; zdkif

topf ac:yg/

enf;pepf jzpfEidk f w,f/ 'gayr,fh stroke trsm;pku

wpfcw k nf; rSm

tqifh (3) Strokes eJY Munfhaumif;r,fh font rsKd;udk ajymif;yg/ Times New Roman tpm; arial 'grSr[kwf verdana vdk tuGefYtnGefY rygwJh sans serif font rsK;d / Ctrl + T ESy d jf yD; axmifph eG ;f rSm uvpfESdyf drag qGJjyD; vdkcsifwJht&G,fMuD;atmif csJU,lyg/ tcsKd;nDatmif Shift uD;udk ESdyf&if;qGJ yg/ Enter acgufyg/

&yfomG ;w,f/ tcsKUd 'DZidk femawG aemufxyf stroke

tqifh (2)

xyfuyG w f t hJ cg rlv stroke tay: edit

jzpfomG ;wmrsK;d MuKH & Ekid w f ,f/ Stroke wpfcrk mS aemufxyf stroke xyfuy G zf Ykd

Text tool (T) udk,ljyD; b,fae&mrSmrqdk uvpfESdyfí pmtcsKdU ½dkufxnfhyg/ Text box xGufvmatmif uvpfESdyf drag rqGJeJY/ uvpf wpfcsufyJESdyf/ 'DerlemrSm pmom;ta&mifudk #4891dc a&G;xm;w,f/ Text udk highlight vkyfjyD; Options palette rSm ta&mifa&G;,lEidk yf g w,f/

vG,u f al om enf;pepf&ydS gw,f/ Text wpfcw k nf;udk

wpfcEk pS cf k rubJ oH;k ckav;ckxad wmif uGyEf idk af o; w,f/

142

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tqifh (4) Layer > Layer Style > Stroke udk oGm;yg/ 'grSr[kwf Layer palette atmufajcu Add a layer style button udk ESdyfyg/ Layer style dialog box rSm Stroke udk a&G;yg/

tqifh (5) ,ckyHktwGuf position u outside jzpfoifhjyD; size udk 3 rSmxm;/ ta&mifudk rlvpmom;eJY Munfhaumif;r,fh ta&mif ,lyg/

tqifh (7) tck uReaf wmfwYkdu atmufu rlv text layer &JU stroke udk edit vkyfjyD; ykdMuD;atmifvkyfzdkY vdkw,f/ atmufajc text layer u stroke effect tay: double-click ESdyfvkdufyg/

tqifh (6) tck Layer > Layer Style > Stroke odYk jyefomG ;wJt h cg rlv stroke udk edit vkyfzdkY options yJjyef&aevdrfhr,f/ 'gaMumifh tJ'DvdkrvkyfbJ text layer udk uvpfESdyf drag qGJ jyD; layers palette u New Layer button tay: drop cs yg/ Text layer udk yGm;ay;ygvdrfhr,f/

tqifh (8) Size rS ydkMuD;atmif 6 pixels ponfjzifh xm;Munfh/ ta&mifuv kd nf; t&ifEpS cf ek YJ Munfah umif;atmifajymif;/ OK udk ESdyf/

tqifh (9) Layer yGm;,ljcif;tqifhudk xyfcgxyfcgvkyfjyD; stroke &JU size eJY color ajymif;wmudk wwd,? pwkw¬? yOör MudKuf oavmuf vkyf,lEkdifygw,f/ rSwfxm;&rSmu tay: layer udk vQHxGuf tkyfrdatmif atmuf Layer rSm stroke udk ydk MuD;atmifvkyf? ta&mifawG edit vkyfzdkYyg/ Layer awG drag

qGJjyD; tpDtpOf jyifEkdifygao;w,f/

Edk0ifbm? 2008 143

Photoshop Tutorial tqifh (10) ckyHkrSm yxr stroke tjzL? 'kwd, stroke twGuf rl&if; text color udk eye dropper eJY sample aumufjyD; vkyfxm; wmyg/

Bonus Text

udk stroke uGyfwmeJYywfoufjyD; ½dk;½dk;&Sif;&Sif;eJY cHn h m;Munfah umif;aom effect &Sw d ,f/ pmom;udk tjzLa&mif tom;xlxleJY½dkuf/ Stroke uGyfwJhtcg position udk center, color udk teufa&mif xm;yg/ Inner shadow eJY drop shadow xyfay;yg/

Stroke

144

uGefysLwm*sme,f

ajymif;&ef

Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;

ta0;Munfh teD;Munfh Optical Illusion Effect "mwfyHkwpfckrSm "mwfyHkao;ao;av;aygif; rsm;pGmeJY jznhfxm;wJh optical illusion effect udk oHk;xm;wmawG tawmfav; tawGU&rsm;ygw,f/ jyKvkyf&wm vG,fulwJh twGufvnf; jzwfvrf;enf;orm;awGeJY udkufnDygw,f/ "mwfyHkudk ta0;uMunhf&if ydkMuD;wJh yifr photo udkyJ awGY& r,f/ teD;uyfMunhfrS twGif;u ydkao;aom photo awG awGU&r,f/ rdom;pk"mwfyHk? r*Fvmaqmif"mwfyHk? oli,fcsif; rsm;tm;vHk; "mwfyHkawG jyKvkyfí aumif;ygw,f/ 'Djzwfvrf; enf;rSmawmh rdcifwpfa,muf&JU rsufESmudk olYom;orD; ESpf a,muf rsufESmeJY jznhf,lygr,f/

tqifh «1» yifr photo tjzpf rsuEf mS teD;uyf crop jzwf 'D effect twGuf jznhf,lr,fh "mwfyHki,f t&G,ftpm; qHk;jzwfzdkY&mu oifh0efwmyg/ aumif;wmuawmh yHkao;jyD; ydpk w d w f yhJ rkH sm;rsm; oH;k zdYk ygyJ/ ,cktrsKd;orD;&JU rsufEmS teD;uyf udk crop tool eJY jzwfwd,lygr,f/ uD;bkwfjzwfvrf;u C / Drag qJGcsdef Shift ESdyfxm;&if pwk&ef;yHktwd &r,f/ Mouse rvTwfao;cif spacebar ESdyfxm;jyD; ae&ma&TU ,lvdkY &ygao;w,f/ tqifh «2» Photo tao;awGukd crop jzwf yH k t ao;ud k yif r photo vdkyJ pwk&ef;yHk jzwf&r,f/ aumifav;&JU yHkudk zGihfyg/ Crop tool rSm t&G,ftpm; twd tus owfrSwfay;r,f/ oif yifr ½kyfyHkt&G,f tpm;tvdkuf yHkao;t&G,ftpm;udk nd§EIdif; qHk;jzwfzdkY&m vdkyg w,f/ Option bar rSm ,ckyHktwGuf Width 50 px, Height 50 px xm;xm;w,f/ Drag qGJvdk&m a&TU,ljyD; Enter acguf wmeJY owfrSwfxm;wJht&G,ftwkdif; Crop jzwfay;ygw,f/ uav;rav;&JUyHu k v kd nf; xyfziG jhf yD; tvm;wljzwfwyd gw,f/ Photoshop u multiple document interface (MDI) jzpf

Edk0ifbm? 2008 145

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm vdkY application window wpfckxJrSm document trsm;MuD; zGifhvdkY&w,f/

tqifh «3» 100 px x 100 px document topfziG hf ½kyfyHktao;awG vkdovdk crop vkyf t&G,fjyifjyD;wmeJY ¤if;wdkYeJY pattern vkyf,l&r,f/ File > New 'grSr[kwf Ctrl + N ESy d yf g/ ck 50 px x 50 px yHk ESpyf ekH YJ pwk&ef;uGuf vkyrf mS rdYk width eJY height 100 px pD&SdwJh document topf zGifhyg/ Resolution uawmh yifr"mwfyHkeJY wlygap/ Web eJY on screen twGuf 72 &SdwwfjyD; printing twGufu 300 udk

tqifh «5» Image udk flatten vky?f Desaturate vkyyf g/ Layers palette rSm Munhf&if Layers ig;ck awGUr,f/ Layers menu rS Flatter Image udk a&G;yg/ Layer wpfckxJ aygif;oGm;r,f/ aemuf Image>Adjustments > Desaturate udk a&G;yg/ okdYr[kwf Shift + Ctrl + U udk ESdyfyg/

oHk;w,f/

tqifh «4» yHt k ao;awG Document topfxJ drag qGx J nhyf g/ V udk ESdyfjyD; move tool udk ac:yg/ Document windows awG jrif&atmif pDxyfxm;yg/ aumifav;yHkudk move tool eJY document topfxJ drag qGJxnhfyg/ axmifh J yf wpfaxmifrh mS uyfjyD; ae&mcsyg/ tvkt d avsmuf snap qGu ay;ygw,f/ aemuf Alt uD; ESyd x f m;jyD; drag qG&J if aumfyyD mG ; í atmufaxmifhokdY ydkYEkdifr,f/ uav;rav;&JUyHkudkvnf; tvm;wl vkyfyg/

146

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tqifh «6» ½kyyf jkH zifh pattern owfrw S f ckvyk cf o hJ rQu pattern udk define vkyzf Ykd&m jyifqifcw hJ m yg/ ,ck Edit > Define Pattern okdYoGm;yg/ Pattern Name dialog box ay:vmawmh kids vdkY trnfay;vdkufygw,f/ OK ESdyfwmeJY pattern jyKvkyfjyD; jzpfoGm;w,f/

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

tqifh «7» ½kyyf akH wG a&mpyf yifr"mwfyHkudk jyefoGm;yg/ Shift + Ctrl + N eJY Layer topf jyKvkyfyg/ Edit + Fill odkY oGm;yg/ Use tuGufrSm Pattern udk a&G;/ Custon Pattern rSm ckeu vkyfxm;wJh kids pattern udk a&G;yg/ Fill dialog box &JU Blending u Normal, Opacity u 100 % rSm &Sad ezkYd aocsmygap/ 'gawG udk Layers palette uyJ nd§r,f/ tqifh «8» Blend mode ajymif; Layers palette &JU tay:b,fbufu blend mode rSm Overlay odkY ajymif;yg/ ½kyfyHktao;u odyfxif;ae&if opacity tenf;i,f avQmhMunfhyg/ Overlay rxm;bJ soft light ajymif;Munhfyg/

Hello Kitty

ESpo f ufz, G f

Notebook rsm; toHk;rsm;vmcsdefjzpfí xkwfvkyfolwdkYuvnf; qef;qef; jym;jym;'DZdkif;rsm;ESifh wDxGifaeMu&onf/ ,ck NEC u NEC LaVie G Hello Kitty jzifh rdwfquf xkwfvkyfvdkufonf/ MD X2 Dual Core processor 1.90Ghz, ATI Radeon 3100 graphics, 2GB of memory, 160GB SATA hard drive, DVD SuperMulti burner, WiFi connectivity, 1.98MP webcam module, multi-card reader wdkY yg0ifonf/ xl;jcm;rIrSm notebook udk Hello Kitty t½kyfuav;rsm;jzifh jc,foxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

wefzdk; 1ç349 a':vm jzpfonf/

Edk0ifbm? 2008 147

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Document wGif Themes xnfo h iG ;f jcif; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ,ckv Word 2007 oifcef;pmwGif themes taMumif;udk txl;jyK 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 a&;om;xm;onf/ Themes onf Word wGif document wpfck a&;om; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wnfaqmuf&mwGif pmvH;k trsK;d tpm;rsK;d pH?k ta&mifrsK;d pHk xnfo h iG ;f um *&yfzpf'ZD ikd ;f ? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 txl; jyKvyk cf suf rsm; jzpfonf/ pmrsuEf mS udk omrefxuf ydrk kd ay:viG af pum 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zwf½o I rl sm;tm; pGaJ qmifaponfh vkyaf qmifcsuv f nf; jzpfonf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Word 2007 wGif themes rsm;udk MuKd wif xnfah y;xm;ygonf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

MICROSOFT WORD 2007 oifcef;pm

148

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Style rsKd;pHkjzifh format zefwD; wnfaqmufxm;Edkif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyKvyk jf cif; onf/ tcsdefra&G; jyefoHk;Edkif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf/ Format Painter uJ h o d k Y 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yif Word wGif pwdkif (styrdkuf u½dk aqmhzf onf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 les) rsKd;pHkjzifh pmrsufESmrsm; Quick Styles ac: MudKwif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ud k jyifqif zGJUpnf; wnf 'DZikd ;f xkwf wnfaqmufxm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aqmufEikd o f nf/ ¤if;twGuf onfh styles rsm;pGmudk xnfh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tcsd e f u k e f oufomapjyD; ay;xm;onf/ yHkrSef ½dk;pif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Word rS MudKwif vkyfaqmif aom Normal style rSonf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 csufrsm;u oifhtm; rsm;pGm ½IyfaxG;aom styles rsm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ulnDay;ygvdrfhrnf/ Styles txd jzpfonf/ Styles wGif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wGif Format Painter ESifh Heading styles, body 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rwlonfh tcsufrSm pmrsuf text, lists, quotes, refer21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Style wdik ;f onf formatting commands tpkta0; wpfck [k 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ESmwGif tjrJwrf; &dSaejcif; ences, paragraphs, tex 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 qdEk ikd o f nf/ ¤if;udk armufpu f vpfwpfcsuf EdyS jf y;D ,lo;kH 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ponf tcsufrsm;pGm yg0if 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Ed i k o f nf / tqd y k g styles trs K;d rsK;d udk &Sm&ef Home \ Styles 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifh pmrsufEmS pwdik u f kd tjyD; onf/ MudKwifay;xm;onfh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tkypf rk S Mw*d yH jkH rm;udk uvpfvyk zf iG yhf g/ MuKd wif jyif qifxm;aom 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 style uGurf sm; ay:vmygrnf/ ¤if;tuGuf rsm;ay:oYkd 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 armufpjf rm;OD;udk jznf;jznf; wifMunhyf g/ pmrsuf ESmrS pmyd'k o f nf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 style trsK;d rsK;d ajymif;aeonfukd awG&U yg rnf/ Word onf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Quick Styles wpf'gZifrQ ay;xm;jy;D oifh ud, k yf ikd f 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wnfaqmifxm;aom styles rsm;udv k nf; xnfx h m;Edik o f nf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 styles wpfckckudk armufpf ment, bullets, line spac21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uvpfvkyfjyD; oifh docu- ing, numbering, indents, 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ment wGif xnfhMunhfyg/ tab settings ponf w d k Y 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 erlemyHkwGif Munhfyg/ yg0ifonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tcsKd U aom styles rsm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wGif pmvH;k rsm;udk tao;pdwf Quick Styles udk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyifqifxm;jcif; yg0ifonf/ toH;k jyKjcif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Oyrm font, font size, font pmom;rsm;twGif;odkY 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmrsuEf mS wpfcu k kd pmpD zGpJU nf;&mwGif aooyfrI &do S vdk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 style, special effects (un- style wpf c k xnf h & ef r S m zwfot l wGuf pGJrufzG,jf zpfatmifvnf; zefw;D &onf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 derlining, strikethrough) vG,u f al om vkyif ef;pOf jzpf ¤if;twGuf Word wGif Quick Styles av;rsK;d udk oH;k ygonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ponfwdkY jzpfonf/ jyD; ¤if; style udkvnf; jrif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 erlemjyxm;onfh yHw k iG f Book Title style udk tv,fwiG f 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tjcm;aom styles ae&ygrnf/ ¤if;twGuf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xm;jy;D pmvH;k trsK;d tpm; Constantia udk 30 ydGKijhf zifh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 trsKd ;tpm;rsm;wGif cha- - Ribbon wGif Home tab a&;qGJxm;onf/ tem;ywfvnfukd ta&mif xnfx h m; jy;D 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 racter formatting ESihf para- odkY ajymif;yg/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 chapter heading wpfcu k kd Heading 1 oH;k í aemufwpfcu k kd 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 graph formatting ud k - oif style format xnfh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Heading 2 oH;k xm;onf/ ¤if;wGif ta&mif xnfx h m;jy;D 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aygif;pyfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ vd k o nf h pmom;rsm; od k Y 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tuGmta0;udk Munhaf umif;atmif csed n f x §d m;onf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Paragraph formatting r[kwf pmydk'fudk highlight pmud, k o f nf Normal style jzpfí yxrqH;k pmaMumif;udk tab 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wG i f paragraph align- vkyf a&G;cs,fxm;yg/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vufr0uf csed x f m;onf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 149

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - Styles tkyfpkrS wpfckudk - a&G;cs,fxm;onfh pmydk'f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 a&G;cs,fjyD; uvpfvkyfvdkuf odYkr[kwf pmom;onf style 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yg/ tvdkuf ajymif;aeonfudk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - aemuf w pf e nf ; rS m jrif&ygrnf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 txufygtwdkif; a&G;cs,f - ESpfouf&m style wpfckudk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xm;jyD; Styles tm;vHk;udk uvpf vkyfvdkufyg/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zG i f h v d k u f y g/ ¤if ; twG u f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 styles tuGufrsm;\ b,f Style rsm;udk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 buf atmufbufodkY jyae jyefvnfjyifqifjcif; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmom;rsm;\ pmydk'f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onfh Mwd*HyHk jrm;uav;udk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wpf c kodkY pwdkif styles wpfck uvpf vkyfyg/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - xdt k cg MudKwif jyKvkyaf y; xnfh&ef vdktyfaomtcg 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xm;onfh Styles tuGuf oif o nf Word tawG U 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm; ay:vmygrnf / ¤if ; tMuHKenf;ol jzpfygu udk,f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tuGufwpfckcsif;tay:odkY wdkif zefwD;wnfaqmuf&ef 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 armufpfjrm;OD;wifMunhfyg/ rvd k a o;yg/ ¤if ; twG u f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Modify Style box onf oifh style rsm;udk tao;pdwf rGr;f rH 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyifqif&ef A[dk (box) ae&m jzpfonf/ oif jyifqifaeonfukd 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tv,f &Sd preview wGif jrifae &ygrnf/ pmvH;k rsm;udk jyifrvm;? 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmyd'k f trsK;d tpm;udk jyifrvm;? tpHk awG&U yg rnf/ jrifuiG ;f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 atmufb,fbufaxmifh &dS Format cvkwu f kd xyfziG Mhf unhyf g/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifh styles twGuf jyifp&mrsm;pGmudk awG&U ygO;D rnf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vG,fulpGm a&G;cs,f xnfhEdkif tqifajyatmif aqmif&Guf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ovdk jyefvnf jyifqifjcif; ay;ygrnf/ ,ck Heading 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;udv k nf; jyKvkyEf ikd o f nf/ 1 style udk erlemtjzpf jyif 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oif o nf document wGif Munhfygrnf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 style wpfckudk pdwfMudKuf - Home (tab) odYk ajymif;jyD; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zefwD;wnfaqmufxm;jcif; Styles tkyfpkrS Styles dia1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Style dialog box udk zGiv hf u kd yf g/ ¤if; twGuf Styles tkypf k jzifh 0wåKpmtkyf wpftkyfvHk; log box launcher udk zGifh 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 nmbuftpGe&f Sd jrm;uav;udk uvpfvyk yf g/ Word wGif udk tjyD;owf pmpDpm½kdufEdkif yg/ Launcher onf tkyfpk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oif &,l E i k d o f nf h styles pm&if ; tj y nf t h pH k j r if & yg r nf / onf / Oyrmacgif ; pD ; ud k wpfcck si;f \ b,fbuftpGef 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ¤if;wGif nmbuf&Sd paragraph mark rsm;u style style wpfck owfrSwfjcif; rS jrm;uav;udk qdkvdkyg 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wpf c c k s i ; f pD t wG u f j y ay;onf / Lower-case (a) ]at} jzifh usefpmrsufESmrsm;wGif onf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tao;av;onf character formatting yg0ifonfh style udk tjrJwlaeygvdrfhrnf/ - Styles box twGif; oif 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyay;onf/ atmufq;kH &dS Options cvkwu f kd EdyS Mf unhyf g/ odkY&mwGif vdktyfí jyif a&G;cs,fxm;onfh pmom; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Style Pane Options (box) ay:vmygrnf/ rnfqdkyguvnf; Word u odkYr[kwf pmydk'fwGif rnf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

150

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Heading 1 udk armufpf nm tcg odkYr[kwf V yHkoP²mef 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uvpf EdSyfyg/ Modify udk jrm;OD;udk uvpfvkyfonfh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 a&G;cs,fyg/ tcg context menu ay: 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - Modify Style dialog vmygrnf/ ¤if;wGif oif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 box udk Munfhyg/ ¤if;wGif a&G ; cs,f x m;onf h style 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 formatting options rsm;pGm twG u f ajymif ; vJ p &m? 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yg0ifonfudk awGU&ygrnf/ tvkyfvkyfp&m rsm;pGm &dSyg 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yHkwGif jyxm;onf/ onf/ xdyfqHk;wGif 'Update 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Heading 1 to Match Sel21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rSwpf k ection.' [k jyaernf/ ¤if; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Styles dialog box xJ option onf oif a&G;cs,f 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 &dS Style name wpfcck ak y:odYk xm;onfh format tm;vHk; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 armufpf nmuvpf EdSyfonfh ajymif;ay;ygvdrhfrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Styles tkypf t k pGe&f Sd Change Styles cvkwu f kd uvpf vkyjf y;D 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Style Set udk zGijhf cif;jzifh style trsK;d rsK;d udk a&G;cs,Ef ikd o f nf/ ¤if; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 style trnfrsm;ay:oYkd armufpu f kd ajz;ajz;csi;f a&TU Munhyf g/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Style aj y mif ; onf t h avs m uf oif ph myd'k o f nf ajymif;aeygrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xdt Yk wl Colors ESifh Fonts (options) udk oH;k jy;D oif\ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 document udk vQijf refpmG yHpk aH jymif;Edik o f nf/ ajymif;jy;D orQukd 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rESpo f ufygu 'Reset to Quick Style from Template' udk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 a&G;cs,f uvpf vkyEf ikd o f nf/ rlv yHpk H twdik ;f jyefjzpfygvrd rfh nf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 'Save as Quick Style Set' cvkwu f kd a&G;cs,yf gu ¤if;onf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 style set topfwpfct k jzpf pm&if;0if oGm; ygvrd rfh nf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onfh style udk a&G;cs,fyg/ box onf yGifhaeygrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Oyrm oifonf Heading - oifonf style wpfckay: 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1 udk jyifrnfqdkygu rlv odkY umqmwifvdkufwdkif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uwnf;u oifhpmrsufESm&dS pops up wpfck xyfay:vm 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 acgif;pD;udk a&G;cs,fxm;& jyD; ¤if; style \ tao; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pdwfudk jyay;ygrnf/ ygrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - oifonf pmrsufESmrsm; - Show Preview check 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 a&T U ajymif ; í jyif a epOf box udk zGifhxm;ay;yg/ yHkrSef 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 kH kd 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 twGi;f Styles box onf yGihf xuf ydkjyD; style rsm;udk xif Word wGif oifonf rdrd pdwMf uKd uf style wpfpu 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zef w ; D wnf a qmuf x m;Ed i k o f nf / ¤if ; wG i f omjrif o matmif jyay;yg aeygrnf/ pmrsufESmtwGif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tao;pdwjf yKvyk Ef ikd jf y;D save vkyf odr;f xm;Edik o f nf/ tqdyk g pmom;rsm;udk jyifaeonf rnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfap? pmydk'fwpfckvHk;udk - oifonf Heading 1 udk style onf Change Styles menu wGif pm&if;0ifum 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyifaeonfjzpfap Styles jyifaeonf jzpfaomaMumifh jyay;xm;ygvrd rhf nf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 151

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Modify Style box \ jcif; jzpfonf/ xdYk aemuf rdrd rnf/ odkYtwGuf style onf taMumif ; ES i f h ywf o uf í 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 atmuf b,fbufaxmifh&dS pdwMf udKuf jyifqifum Style ½Iyaf xG;aumif; ½Iyaf xG;aeyg a&SUwGif a&;om;cJhjyD; jzpf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 hf nf/tMudraf ygif;rsm;pGm onf/ odkY&mwGif oifonf Format cvkwfudk uvpf set topfwpfcktjzpf odrf; vdrr 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vkyfyg/ xdkYaemuf Para- xm;yg/ ¤if;twGuf vuf a wG U jyKvk y f M unh f r S pmrsuf E S m rsm;ud k omref 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 graph udk a&G;cs,y f g/ Para- - a&SUwGif a&;om;azmfjycJh oabmaygufvmygvdrrhf nf/ zwf½Hkom pmpDrnfqdkygu 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 graph dialog box yGifhvm onfh enf;twdkif; &dSxm;jyD; pDEdkifonf/ csJUvQif csJUovdk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes and Templates 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ygrnf/ 'DZikd ;f rsm;toGiv f nf; zefw;D onfh style wpfpHkudk a&G; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rs m ; tqd k y g cs,f y g/ Ed k i f o nf / oif h tawGUtMuHK Paragraph '...... to Match Se1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oif acgif ; pD ; ? pmom; dialog box udk ribbon ay:rS lection.' jzifh ydwfvdkufyg/ ESihf avhvmrItay: rlwnfí 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;? pmyd k ' f E S i f h pmrsuf E S m rsm; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Paragraph tkyfpk&dS launc- - Home (tab) &dS Styles vkyfvdkY&onfrsm; &dSonf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k H csonfh her (nmbuf t pG e f jrm; tk y f p k b,f b uf p G e f r S udk (formatting) yHp ,ck oif c ef ; pmwG i f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 av;) udk uvpfvyk Ef ikd o f nf Change Styles/Style Set 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 od k Y r [k w f Alt+H, PG uD; (Alt+H, GY) cvkwu f kd zGihf Word 2007 \ themes rsm;wGif pmvH;k ? ta&mif? txl; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;ud k Ed S y f E d k i f y gonf / yg/ ¤if;wGifjyaeaom style jyKvyk cf suf ponf yg0ifjy;D ¤if;wdu Yk kd pkpnf; xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wu,f w rf ; wG i f Format sets pm&if;rsm;rS oif vdk Theme onf oif wnfaqmuf aeonfh pmrsuEf mS udk qGaJ qmif 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 cvkwfudk oifrsm;pGm &if; csifonfh style ESifh eD;pyf Edik &f ef jzpfonf/ oif \ document udk zGix 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 hf m;jy;D tqdyk g 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ED S ; jyD ; jzpf y gvd r f h r nf / onf h wpf c k c k u d k uvpf v k y f Word 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 theme yHpk rH sm; ay:oYkd armufpu f kd wpfcck si;f wifMunhyf g/ Do1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wG i f Paragraph dialog vd k u f y g/ cument xJ w i G v f nf ; vd u k í f ajymif;aeonfukd awG&U ygrnf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 box onf toHk;trsm;qHk; - Style set udk modify vkyf vdt 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k yfygu tqdyk g theme wpfcu k kd uvpfvyk v f u kd yf g/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 [k qdkEdkifonf/ yg/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ,ck Paragraph box - vd k t yf v Qif Change 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 \ tay:qH;k General tkypf k Styles menu rS options udk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk Munhfyg/ Alignment toH k ; jyKjyD ; pmvH k ; trsKd ; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tuGuu f kd zGijhf yD; Left udk a&G; tpm;? ta&mif ponfwdkYudk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 cs,fyg/ jyifyg/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Paragraph box udk ydwf - xdkYtwl heading style 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vdkufyg/ xdkYtwl Modify toD ; oD ; twG u f para1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Style box, Styles box rsm; graph spacing ud k v nf ; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udkvnf; ydwfvdkufyg/ oifh csd e f y g/ wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rlv pmrsuEf mS odYk jyefomG ;jyD; oift h awGUtMuHK &do S avmuf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tjcm; jyif p &m &d S o nf r sm;ud k jyif q if E d k i f y gonf / 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 qufvuf jyKvkyfEdkifygjyD/ - oifh style udk trnfay; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yg/ Save vkyfvdkufyg/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ud, k yf ikd f Style Set - oifhudk,fydkif style wpfck 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wnfaqmufjcif; onf style tuG u f w G i f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oif h ud k , f y d k i f Style ay:aeygvd rfhrnf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wpfpHkudk wnfaqmuf&ef 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 toifhawmfqHk; enf;vrf;rSm rSwpf k 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rdkufu½dkaqmhzfrS MudKwif jyK Styles ESifhywfoufí 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vkyfay;xm;onfh Style set pmpDorl sm; tvGef toH;k enf; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wpfpHkudk yxrqHk; a&G; cs,f onfudk owdjyKrdMuygvdrfh 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

152

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 'DZikd ;f rsm;vnf; toift h wifh udk zGifhqdk&mwGif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zefwD;ay;xm;onf/ oifh - t"duqdkvdk&if;? tmabmf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 taeESifh ae&mvGwfrsm;wGif - (aw;) y"meaw;oGm;? 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vdktyfonfh tcsuftvuf? Zmwf0ifoDcsif;? 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmom;rsm; jznfhay;&efom - aysmfyGJ&TifyGJ tpDtpOfrsm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfonf/ Word \ the- cif;usif;jcif; ponf jzpf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 mes ESifh templates rsm;u onf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oif \ document wG i f - Word wGif document 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tvSty zGJUpnf;rIudk rsm;pGm wpf c k t wG u f pmvH k ; rsm;? 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tultnDay;ygvdrfhrnf/ a&mifpEkH iS hf *&yfz'f ZD ikd ;f txl; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyKvkyfcsufrsm;udk omref 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xuf ydkrdkay:vGifap&ef jyK rSwpf k 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ,ck oif c ef ; pmwG i f vkyfay;onfh function [k 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k ikd o f nf/ Theme wpfc\ Word \ themes ESihf tem- qdE k 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 plates rsm;udk rnfuJhodkY zGifh &nf & G , f c suf o nf docu21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rnf? rnfuJhodkY a&G;cs,frnf ment xJ&dS pmvHk;rsm; ajymif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ,ck document wGif Foundry theme trsK;d tpm;udk jyxm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk a&;om;xm;onf/ oif &ef? ta&mifajymif;&efESifh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf/ Theme wGif pmvH;k trsK;d tpm;? ta&miftaoG; pHv k ifpmG 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk,fwdkifvnf; pdwf0ifpm; 'DZikd ;f xkw&f ef jzpfonf/ wpf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xnf E h i k d o f nf / acg i ; f pD ; ud k vS y pG m 'D Z i d k ; f xk w x f m;onf / pm&if ; vQif udk,fydkif themes ESifh enf;tm;jzifh pmrsufESmudk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Z,m;? yHk rsm;? abmif ponfwYkd yg0ifonfukd awGU &ygrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 templates rsm;ud k wnf qGJaqmifEdkif&ef jzpfonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wpfcgwpf&H xdo k Ykd 'DZikd ;f xkwf &mwGif rvdt k yfbJ jc,freI ;f rIrsm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aqmufEdkifygonf/ Word wGif Theme tkyfpk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aM u mif h pmrs u E f m S onf &S i ; f vif ; rI r&d a S wmh b J t½k y q f ; k d oG m ; yg0if o nf / oif o nf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wwf y g o nf / 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Theme wpfckckudk vG,ful Themes qdo k nfrmS 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes \ t"dyÜm,f pGm a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmvHk;? pmom;rsm;udk tcGifh rnfodkYyifjzpfap ,ck oif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ta&;ay;xm;oavmuf jyif cef;pmwGif themes [lí 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 qifMunhfMuygrnf/ Word a&;om;ygrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wGif pmpDonfqdkonfESifh rd k u f u ½d k a qmh z f o nf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 t*F v d y f p mwG i f pmud k , f u d k themes rsm;udk wnfaqmuf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Times New Roman ESifh &ef zef w D ; ay;xm;ovd k 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 acgif;pD; rsm;twGuf Arial tqifoifhoHk;Edkif&ef tem21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk oH;k Muygonf/ odYk &mwGif plates rsm;pGmudkvnf; MudK 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifu ydkrdk xl;jcm;pGm pmpD wif jyKvkyfay;xm;onf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vdkygu rdkufu½dkaqmhzfonf ¤if;wGif erlempmom;rsm;ESifh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 themes rsm;udk wnfaqmuf oifjznfhvdkonfrsm;udk jznfh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ay;xm;ygonf/ Themes Edkif&ef ae&mvGwfrsm; ay; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk ]t"duqdv k &kd if;? tmabmf xm;onf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes rsm;onf Word, Excel ESihf PowerPoint wkw Yd iG f 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 od k Y r [k w f document \ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Templates rsm;wG i f twlwyl ifjzpfí share vkyo f ;kH Edik o f nf/ ,ck Word 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 qdkvdk&if;? pmudk,f\ t"du margins, indents, para21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 document jrifuGi;f (a&SyU )kH ESihf Power Point presentation 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 usaom tcsuf t vuf } graph format wdYk jyKvkyaf y; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 (aemuf yH)k wdu Yk kd awGEU ikd yf gonf/ ¤if;wdo Yk nf Metro theme 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xm;onf/ xdkYtjyif *&yfzpf ponf jyef q d k M uonf / 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 trsK;d tpm;rsm; jzpfMu ygonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 153

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yg0ifjyD; jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif 2/ pmvH;k (Fonts) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Theme rsm;wG i f pmvH k ; pmvHk;trsKd;rsKd;ESifh t&G,f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f m zwf& (fonts) rsm;udk trsKd;rsKd; tpm;udk a&mxnhu 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oHk;onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pm tqifajyatmif jyKvkyfay; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 om;ESihf acgif;pD;pmvH;k trsKd; xm;ygonf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tpm; rwlMuyg/ Type1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 faces [k a c:aom fonts 3/ txl;jyKvyk cf suf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;onf pmrsufESmjrifuGif; (Effects) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wGif xif&mS ;pGm jrifomatmif Word wGif txl; jyKvkyf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jyay;onf / pmrsuf E S m \ csufrsm;pGmudk jyKvkyfay;Edkif 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tvSonf pmvHk;rsm; tay: onf/ ¤if;wGif shadows, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wG i f v nf ; rl w nf w wf line styles, 3-D ponf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ,ck qifwl document oH;k ckukd jyxm;ygonf/ ¤if;wdo Yk nf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf/ xdkuJhodkY pmvHk;trsKd; yg0if o nf / wu,f w rf ; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmpD r I twl w y l if j z pf a omf v nf ; themes rs m ; rwl M u yg / tay: 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tpm; a&G;cs,f&ef oifonf wGif pmrsufESm txl;jyKvkyf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 qH ; k onf Foundry theme jzpfí vufEySd pf ufEiS hf ½du k x f m;onf h 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yifyef;cHp&m rvdkyg/ The- csufrsm;onf PowerPoint 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 'DZikd ;f yHk jzpfonf/ tv,frS theme yHpk o H nf Aspect theme 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 mes wpfckckudk a&G;cs,fjcif; wGif ydkí toHk;rsm;onf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfonf/ pmvH;k trsK;d tpm; Verdanaa sansserif type udk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzifh pmvHk;trsKd;tpm; rsKd;pHk ,cktcg PowerPoint wGif 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oH;k xm;onf/ atmufq;kH onf Office theme jzpfí 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rdu k u f ½dak qmhz\ f ta&mif taoG;udk azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes menu onf Built-In theme ESihf Custom 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 trsK;d tpm; ESpcf u k kd jyay;ygonf/ Built-In themes rsm;onf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Word 2007 wG i f wGif ydí k tqif a jypG m aqmif Word rS M u K d w if wnfaqmufay;xm;onfh themes rsm; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Office Theme file format &GufEdkifonf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfonf/ Themes rsm;udk vdt k yfygu On-line rSwpfqifh 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 topf o nf (.THMX) jzpf Themes rsm;wG i f &,l E i k d o f nf / 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf / ¤if ; onf Word, tydkif; oHk;ydkif; cGJí wnf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Excel, PowerPoint, Out- aqmufxm;onf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 look (email messages) wdYk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ES ifhvnf; wGJzuf tvkyfvkyf 1/ ta&mif (Colors) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Edkifygonf/ tqdkyg The- Theme rsm;wGif ta&mif 12 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 mes rsm;udk document xJ rsKd ; yg0if j yD ; pmom;rsm; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 odkY tvdktavsmuf xnfh twG u f teuf a &mif u d k 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oGif;ay;Edkifonf/ tajccHtjzpf oHk;xm;onf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 pmydk'frsm;\ acgif;pD;rsm;udk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes rsm;udk a&G;cs,jf cif; eufjyma&mif ponf cGJjcm; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifonf document oH k ; onf / Heading 1, 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wG i f pmpDxm;onfh tae Heading 2, Heading 3 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 txm;udk ydkrdk pGJrufzG,f jzpf ponfwdkYonf ta&mif wpf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 atmif vkyfaqmif&awmhrnf rsKd;pD rodrom uGJjym;oGm; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 qdkygu tcsdefukefcH pOf;pm; onf/ tifwmeufodkY link 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 &ef rvdkyg/ wpfenf;tm; vk y f & ef hyperlinks ud k 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzifh Z,m;rsm; a&;qGJjcif;ESifh ta&mif xl;jcm;pGm jyay; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 *&yfz'f ZD ikd ;f wnfaqmufjcif; xm;onf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

154

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vk y f a qmif c suf r sm;uJ h o d k Y PowerPoint rS themes 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Word wGifvnf; jyKvkyfvm rsm;udk Word odYk ajymif;jcif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Edkifonf/ rdkuf u½dk aqmhzf onf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oif o nf theme wpfck themes vkyfaqmifcsufudk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk a&G;cs,fonfhtcg oif PowerPoint wGif yxrqHk; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ES p f o uf o nf h pmvH k ; ? rdwfquf xnhfxm;jcif; jzpf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ta&mif? 'DZdkif;rsm;udk vG,f onf/PowerPoint themes 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ulpGm a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;onf jyo&mwGif qGJ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Theme wpf c k w G i f yg&d S aqmifrI &daS p&ef txl;jyKvkyf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aom vkyfaqmifxm;csuf xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ aemufcH 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rsm;ud k cG J j cm;Munh f y gu ta&mif? pmvHk;rsm;udk ydkrdk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Headings, Body text, xif&Sm;atmif jyKvkyfxm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Word wGif themes rsm;udk zdv k 'f gwpfcw k iG f xnfx h m;ygonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Tables, Charts, Picture, csuf? pmydk'f wnfaqmufyHk? 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ¤if;onf oif\ Templates zdv k 'f gtwGi;f ü jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Border, Smart-Art, Word abmifcwfjcif;? Z,m;a&;qGJ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rd u k u f ½d a k qmh z o f nf tqd y k g zd v k 'f gukd azsmufxm;wwfonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Art, Clip art, Drop caps jcif;? "mwfyHkrsm;xnfhjcif;? 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ¤if;udk Local Disk (C:) twGi;f Documents and Settings 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ponfwYkd yg0ifonfukd awGU ½Icif;rsm; aemufcHxm;jcif;? zdv 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 k 'f gxw J iG f &SmMunhf Edik yf gonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 &ygrnf/ xdkYtjyif pmvHk; pmrsufESm tul;tajymif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 (font) trsKd;tpm;? t&G,f ponf tjriftm½Hw k iG f pGrJ uf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tpm;? pwdkifvfrsKd;pHk yg0if zG,jf zpfatmif jyKvky&f onf/ ru Word ESifh Excel wdkY Themes (Alt+P, TH) udk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 f nf; aumif;pGm oH;k vm zGifhyg/ ¤if;onf yef;csDq&m onf / vd k i f ; tpd w f t usJ ? PowerPoint themes wGiv 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 atmufrsOf;om;jcif;? *&yf rsm;onf presentation ac: Edkifonf/ oifonf docu- \ aq;cG u f r sm;uJ h o d k Y 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zpfta&mif? atmufvdkif;? o½kyfjyorIrsm;twGuf jzpf ments, spreadsheets odkY ta&miftaoG; pHkvifpGmjzifh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 abmf'g'DZikd ;f ? ta&mifponf onf/ Office 2007 wGif r[kwf presentations rsm; yHkpH'DZdkif;uGufrsm; ay:vmyg 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wdYk vnf; trsKd;rsKd; xnfo h iG ;f themes vkyaf qmifcsuo f nf udk ESpfoufovdk 'DZdkif;xkwf rnf/ Themes rsm;udk tkyfpk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wnfaqmufEdkifonf/ ESpfck cGJxm;onf/ Custom Power Point twGufom a&;om;Edkifonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes rsm;udk aumfyD themes ES i f h Built-In 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ul ; &ef E S i f h paste vk y f & ef themes jzpfonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifonf Browse for Themes... udk uvpfvyk f zGijhf y;D 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vG,fulygonf/ aqmhzf0J 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tjcm;aom themes rsm;udk &SmMunhyf g/ Themes rsm;onf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wpfcrk S wpfco k Ykd vnf; tul; rSwpf k 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 extension (.thmx) jzifh wnfaqmuf xm;ygonf/ tu,fí 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tajymif ; (copy-paste) Custom Themes onf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGif themes rsm;udk rawGyU gu Online rSvnf; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vk y f E d k i f o nf / oif o nf oifudk,fwdkif a&;om; wnf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 &SmazG &,lEikd yf gonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Word wG i f document aqmuf x m;aom docu21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wnfaqmufjyD; Excel wGif ment themes od k Y r [k w f 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 spreadsheet jyKvk y f x m; built-in themes rS oifh pdwf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aomfvnf; ¤if;wdkY tcsif; MudKuf jyefvnf jyKvkyfxm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 csif; aygif;pyfoHk;Edkifonf/ aom themes rsm; jzpfonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk,fwdkif wnfaqmufxm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Document twG u f jcif; r&dSao;ygu Word 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 theme wpfcu k kd a&G;cs,jf cif; wGif ay:rnf r[kwfyg/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1/ Word ribbon wGif Page 2/ tu,fí themes rsm;udk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Layout od k Y ajymif ; yg/ tuker f jrif&ygu scroll bar 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 155

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk a&TUjyD; MunfhEdkifonf/ ments and Settings\ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tqdyk g Built-In themes \ [Your Name]\Templates\ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 atmuf q H k ; nmbuf t pG e f Document Themes wGif 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 axmifhwGif tpufi,f oHk;ck xnfhxm;ygonf/ ¤if;udk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk Munhfyg/ ¤if;onf meazsmuf x m;aomaMumif h 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 nu ud k csJ U &ef j zpf í tqd k y g Tools/Folder Options.../ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tpufay: odYk armufpjf rm;OD; View/Show hidden files 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wif j yD ; atmuf o d k Y qG J c sJ U Ed k i f and folders jzifh t&if zGifh& 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf/ ab;odkYvnf; csJUum; ygrnf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ay;Edkifygonf/ oifonf tqdkyg zdkvf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 3/ Live Preview wpfckudk 'gud k wpfae&modkY a&TUEdkif 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Munh&f ef oif\ armufpjf zifh rdu onf/ odkY&mwGif xdkodkY a&TU k u f ½dak qmhz\ f Office Web site rS wefz;kd &daS om vkyif ef; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 theme wpf c a k y:od Y k armuf p f vdkufygu Themes menu aqmif w m owif ; tcs u t f vuf r s m ;ES i h f add-ons vk y a f qmif 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk wif½Hkom wifvdkufyg/ csurf sm;udk &Edik o ray:Edik af wmhyg/ ¤if;twGuf f nf/ oifonf em;rvnfonfh tcsurf sm; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uvpfvkyf&ef rvdkyg/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 twGuf help files udk oH;k Edik o f nf odrYk [kwf help files rsm;udk Word wGif jyefajymif;Edkif 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Page Layout rS onf/ &S m azG z wf E i k d o f nf / M u K d w if 'D Z ikd ;f xkwf wnfaqmufxm;onfh 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes menu tuG u f templates rsm;? themes rsm;ESihf tjcm; Office qdik f &m - Themes menu \ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onf rd u k u f ½d a k qmh z \ f Live atmufajcrS Browse for tcs u t f vuf r s m ;ud k &,l E i k d o f nf / 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Preview vk y f a qmif c suf Themes (button) ud k 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 topfvnf; jzpfonf/ oif themes tjzpf wnfaqmuf oifonf Word wGif &dSxm; uvpf vkyfyg/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 \ documents rsm;ud k xnfhay;xm;onf/ odkY&m jyD;onfh themes rsm;rS erlem - Choose Theme or 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 theme tjzpf ajymif;Munhf wGif oif pdwfwdkif;rusygu &,l u m jyif q if r G r f ; rH E d k i f Themed Document (box) 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yg/ omref document xyfrH&SmazGEdkifonf/ txl; onf/ tawGUtMuHK rsm;vm ay:vmygrnf / ¤if ; wG i f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wpfcEk iS v hf nf; EdiI ;f ,SOMf unhf ojzifh ukrÜPDwGif tvkyf onfESifhtrQ themes rsm;udk Office themes yg0ifonfh 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yg/ vk y f u d k i f a eol r sm;twG u f tao;pdwf wnfaqmufEdkif *.thmx, *.docx, *xlsx ESifh 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 tjcm; zdkiftrsKd;tpm;rsm;udk uG e f y sLwm*d r f ; rsm;ud k themes wnfaqmufrIonf ygvdrfhrnf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 owd x m;Munh f y g/ wnf vdt jyay;ygrnf / 'Files of k yfygrnf/ tcsKdUu ud, k f 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uG e y f s L wmrS themes rsm;udk type:' (menu)' wGif Office aqmuf x m;yH k o nf *d r f ; yd k i f themes rsm; wnf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 upm;&ef o m r[k w f b J aqmufxm;um pmrsuEf mS udk browse vkyf &SmazGjcif; Themes and Themed Do1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 aemuf c H ponf w d k Y onf 'DZdkif;xkwf a&;om; wnf Ribbon/Page Lay- cuments [lí default jy 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 *&yf z ' f Z D i k d ; f rs m ;jzif h pG r J uf z , G f aqmuf Mu yg vd r f h rnf / out ud k ajymif;jyD; Themes ay;xm;onf/ odYk jzpfí tqdk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfatmif wnfaqmufxm; tu,fí oifonf uGefysL menu (Alt+P, TH) udk zGifh yg box rSwpfqifh themes 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jcif; jzpfonf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wmrS themes rsm;udk tajc yg/ tu,f í oif o nf yg0ifaom zdkvf'gESifh zdkifrsm; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 4/ oifonf theme wpfcu k kd cHjyD; oHk;vdkygu built-in udk,fwdkif themes rsm;udk udk &Smay;ygvdrfhrnf/ odkY&m 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ESpfoufí a&G;cs,frnfqdkyg themes rsm;udk oHk;EdkifjyD; wnfaqmufxm;cJhvQif odkY wG i f tqd k y g box onf 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 u armufpfjzifh axmufjyD; tifwmeuf0ufbq f u kd rf sm;rS r[kwf tjcm;olwpfOD;OD;u Word wGif pm&if;r0ifao; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 uvpfvkyf&efom jzpfonf/ vnf; &SmazG&,lEdkifonf/ w n f a q m u f x m ; v Q i f onfh document wpfckudk 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes menu \ tay: &Sm&ef jzpfonf/ tu,fí 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rSwpf k wGif Custom themes rsm; theme wpfckudk vG,fulpGm Themes rsm;udk &SmazGjcif; 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Word wG i f themes Theme wpfckudk udk,fwdkif udk awGUEdkifygrnf/ Custom &,lvdkygu Search Office 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 trsKd ; tpm; 20 udk built-in wnfaqmuf&ef rcufcJyg/ themes rsm;udk C:\Docu- Online udk oHk;&ygrnf/ 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

156

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wnfaqmufxm;onfh and Settings\ Christo- tes/CT101043291033.as uvpfvkyfyg/ Search task 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 themes rsm;udk zdv k 'f gwiG f pher\Templates\ Docu- px [k ½du k x f nfyh g/ ¤if;wGif pane ay:vmygrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ment Themes [k jyay;yg/ themes rsm;ud kjrif&ygrnf/ - ¤if;wGif 'All files and odrf;qnf;jcif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 oifonf pdwfMudKuf - ¤if; Document Themes odkYr[kwf Google search folders' udk uvpfvkyf a&G; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 wnfaqmufxm;onfh the- twGif; ae&mvGwfwpfae&m (box) wGif Office2007 the- cs,fyg/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - All or part of the file mes rsm;udk odrf;xm;Edkif wGif armufpf nmuvpf EdSyf mes [k &SmEdkifygonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 name: wGif *.thmx [k ½du k f onf / wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h jyD; paste vkyfvdkufyg/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 xd k t cg rS w c f s u f xnf h y g/ Document Asterisk (*) 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Document Themes rsm;udk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 d 'f gxJwiG f The- Microsoft Office Online character onf wild card wnfaqmufjyD; oufqdkif&m Themes zkv 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zd k v f ' gwG i f o d r f ; Ed k i f o nf / mes document a&mufae rS themes, template ponf jzpfí rnfonfh zdkiftrnfudk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ¤if;udk Themes menu \ ygrnf/ Themes menu udk wdkYudk download cs&,l&m rqdk &SmazGEdkif&ef jzpfonf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Custom group wGif jyay; jyefzGifhMunhfygu oif a&G; wGif oif\ Office soft- wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h oif \ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 rnfjzpfí &Sm&vG,fygrnf/ cs,fwnfaqmufxm;onfh ware, Office 2007 odYrk [kwf uGefysLwmwGif;rS .thmx zdkif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 0if;'dk;pfpepf aqmhzf0Jonf tm;vHk;udk &Smay;&ef jzpf 1/ Ribbon wG i f Page theme udk jrifae&ygrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Layout od k Y ajymif ; jyD ; - Word 2007 wG i f trSeftukef jzpfzdkYvdkygrnf/ onf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes (Alt+P, TH) udk Themes zdkifrsm;\ exten- xdkodkY rSefuefaMumif; (Mi- - Search Results (box) 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 sion onf .thmx jzpfonf/ crosoft Office Genuine \ Look in: wGif '(All Files zGifhyg/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Advantage) ud k ar;vm and Folders) udk zGifhxm; - oif wnf a qmuf x m; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onfhtcg oifhtwGuf jyef yg/ xdkYtwl Type of file: 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 onfh document rS themes Online rS themes rsm;udk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 vnf ajzMum;&ef tcuftcJ atmufrS 'Search hidden jyKvkyfvdkonfh tydk'frsm;udk &SmazGjcif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 awGUEdkifygonf/ files and folders', 'Search a&G ; cs,f x m;yg/ Themes rsm;ud k tif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 subfolders' ponf w d k Y u d k 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - Themes wpfckpDay:odkY wmeufrSwpfqifh &,lEdkif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 a&G;cs,fyg/ armufpf jrm;OD;wifjyD; Munfh onf/ Microsoft Office oif\ uGeyf sLwmwGif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - Search cvkwfudk uvpf Edkifonf/ xdktcg oif\ Online (www.microsoft. themes rsm;ud&k mS azGjcif; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 document rS pmyd k ' f od k Y com/office) udk zGiMhf unhy f g/ Themes rsm;onf oifh vkyfyg/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 r[k w f ¤if ; wG i f document onf Clip Art, templauGefysLwmxJwGif &dSaumif; - &SmazGaepOf tcsdef tenf; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 themes yHp kt H wdik ;f ajymif;ae tes ponf tpHak wGUEdik o f nf/ &d S a eEd k i f o nf / ¤if ; wk d Y ud k i,f apmifhay;yg/ .thmx zdkif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 S Qif nmbuf jrifuiG ;f ygrnf/ vdkcsifonfh theme Themes zdkifrsm;udk tem- azsmufxm;aomaMumifh rjrif rsm;&dv 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk awGUvQif aumfyv D yk v f u kd f plates rSwpfqif&h mS Edik o f nf/ &wmvnf; jzpfrnf/ odkYjzpf wGif ay:vmygrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 - tu,f í \Program 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 yg/ tqdkyg tGefvdkif; 0ufbf í &SmMunhfMuygrnf/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Files\Microsoft Office\ Themes menu atmuf r S qd k u f u d k yd k í wd u spG m zG i f h v d k - My Documents udk zGifh 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Document Themes 12 ESihf 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Browse for Themes... udk ygu 'http://office.micro yg/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 \Templates\Document 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zGifhyg/ soft.com/en-us/ templa- - Search (Ctrl +F) udk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themes uJo h Ykd ae&mrsm;wGif 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Choose Theme or 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 themes rs m ;ud k awGUonf qdk 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Themed Document (box) 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ygu ¤if;onf Word \ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ay:vmygrnf/ xdktcg uGef 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 Theme menu wGif jyxm;jyD; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 ysLwmwGif oif (sign on) 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpf onf/ tqdkyg ae&mrsm; 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 zGifh0ifxm;onfh ae&modkY 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 udk xnfhpOf;pm;&ef rvdkyg/ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 nT e f ; yg/ Oyrm oif \ 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 trnfonf Christopher 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 jzpfygu C:\Documents 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121 21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 157

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Downloading

#Dum

AD', D zdk idk rf sm;ukd download vky, f jl cif;

tifwmeufay:rSm downloadable video awG xde;f rEkid f odr;f r&avmufatmif wd;k yGm;vsu&f adS ew,f/ Munfph &m? ½Ip&m wpfyw kH pfyif&adS eygw,f/ aemufq;kH ½Hw k if jzefYcsdwJh ½kyf&SifawG&JU erlemykdif;awGudkvnf; download csjyD; ,lMunfhEkdifMuw,f/ tMudKufEpS o f ufq;kH ½kyjf rifoMH um; Zmwfvrf;ydik ;f awGuv kd nf; 0,f,El idk af o;w,f/ 'Dvdk downloadable Munfhp&m? ½Ip&mawGudk click vkyfcsufenf;enf;eJY b,fvdk 0ifa&mufEkdifrvJqdkwm wifjyzdkY &Sdvm&ygw,f/

vG,yf gw,f Music awGukd vG,v f , G u f u l l download vky, f El idk cf o hJ vdk video awGuv kd nf; tvG,fwul download vkyf,lEkdifygw,f/ Video Clip awGjzpfjzpf? episode awGjzpfjzpf vufcH&,ljyD;wmeJYwpfjydKifeuf rdrduGefysLwmay:rSm file wpfckvdk rdrd

pdwMf udKuf udik w f , G x f m;odk ajymif;a&TUvkyEf idk w f ,f/ rdwLå aumfyaD wGvnf; yGm;,lEidk f ao;w,f/ wjcm;uGeyf sLwmawGeYJ wjcm;olawGMunfEh idk af pzdYk pD'cD syfjym;eJY yGm;xkwf vdkYvnf; &ygw,f/ 'grSr[kwf iPod vdk tdwfaqmifrD'D,m ud&d,mav;awGxJudk ajymif;xnfhay;vkdufEkdifygao;w,f/ cufcufcJcJ tm;xkwfvkyfukdifp&m rvdkygay/

od

rSwf

p

&m

taumif;qHk;taetxm;awG &&SdEkdifapzdkY AVI video awGu compression yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;eJYvnf; toHk;csEkdifygw,f/ b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf wpfcgwpf&H compression wpfckckeJY toHk;jyKxm;wJh file wpfckudk download vkyfrdjyD; tJ'gtwGufjznfzdkY rdrduGefysLwmay:rSm r&SdwmrsKd; MuHK&wwfaumif;ygw,f/ avmavmq,f 'Dvdk compress awGeJY ywfoufvdkY www. download.com/ AVI.Codec- Pack/ 3000-2169-410391962. html eJY www. microsoft.com/ windows/ windowsmedia/player/ faq/codec.mspx

158

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm What's available? Downloadables video online eJYywfoufvdkY

ykdufqH aiGaMu; ay;oGif;Munfh&wmeJY tcrJh&wm ESpfrsKd;uGJjym;jyD; &Sdaeygvdrfhr,f/ tcrJh&EkdifwJh free clip trsKd;tpm;awGxJrSm ½ky&f iS ef rlemawG? owif;xkwv f iT chf sufawG? aw;*Dw½d;I yGaJ wGeYJ Google Video vdk site awGuwpfqifh tifwmeufay: wifxm;wJh pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m tjzmjzm home-made clip oef;csDjyD;&SdaewmawG yg0ifaeygvdrfhr,f/ yku d q f aH iGaMu;ay;oGi;f jyD; download vky, f &l wJh video awGudownloadable music aps;uGufyHkpHtwkdif; vkyfukdif aqmif&Gufay;wmawG&Sdaeygw,f/ 'gayr,fh avmavmq,f awmh ta&twGufyrmP xifoavmuf wufrvmao;ay/ t"du tcuftcJuawmh video file awG t&G,ftpm;yJjzpf w,f/ Music file awGxuf 10 quae tq 100 avmuf txd ydkMuD;aewmaMumifhvdkY ajym&rSmjzpfw,f/ aemuftcuftcJwpfckuawmh wDAGDeJY ½kyf&SifukrÜPDawG taeeJY olwdkY&JU ypönf;awGudk rlykdifcGifhtaetxm;eJY b,f avmuftxd a&&mpGm a&mif;csEkdifrvJqdkwJh t,ltqeJY wifxm;oifo h avmuf wifrxm;bJ vufweG Yf aeMuao;vdYk yJ jzpfw,f/ 'DEpS cf sufaMumifh tvGeMf uD;rm;wJh ½ky&f iS u f rk P Ü MD uD; awG ½kyfjrifoHMum;XmeawGu tifwmeufaps;uGuftay: r&J w&JeJY prf;oyfMunfhwJh oabmavmufyJ wifxm;Muwmudk awGYae&w,f/ b,fvdkyifjzpfjzpf tar&duefjynfaxmifpktaeeJYawmh usoifhwJhtcaMu;aiG ay;oGif;jyD; iTunes Music Store vdk Site awGuwpfqifh xdyfwef;pm&if;0if tcef;quf½kyfjrifoH Mum;Zmwfvrf;wGaJ wGuykd if download vky, f u l m Munfah eMu jyDjzpfw,f/ aemufykdif;rSm iPod-ready version awGudkyif download vkyfjyD; MunfhaeMuwm awGYEkdifw,f/ jAdwdefEkdifiH rSmqd&k if BBC u tifwmeufay:uae download vkyMf unfh Edkifr,fh tpDtpOfawGudk pepfwus pDrHxm;ay;cJhw,f/ 'gay r,fh tckq&kd if wDAt GD pDtpOftrsm;pku wHYkwYHkqidk ;f qkid ;f jzpfvm ovdk movie blockbuster awGuvnf; web u download vkyf,lzdkY awmif;qdkwJhtcg xkwfay;wJh tpDtrHrsKd;awGawmif &SdvmaecJhw,f/

eJY Munfh&ovdk tao;pdwf t&nftaoG;r&Sdavmufayr,fh download vkyjf yD;Munfz h Ykd csay;xm;wJh commercial video wkdif;u t&nftaoG;jrifhjrifh&SdaejyD; ,lMunfhpzG,f tae txm;vnf; tjynft h 0&SMd uygw,f/ Digital video vkyif ef; rSm ac:a0:oHk;pGJavh&SdwJh jyóemawGjzpfwJh "artefacts" wdkY? "drop outs" wdkY avmufom &Sdaumif; &Sdaewwfygw,f/ b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf EdiI ;f ,SOMf unfw h t hJ cg home-made clip awGjzpfjzpf? streaming video awGjzpfjzpf owif; websites wpfckuqdk&ifawmh t&nftaoG; obm0 tenf;i,f b0if rusjzpfp&m taMumif;&Sdygvdrfhr,f/ Skipping frame awG tjrif0g;wm;wm; jzpfwmawGeJY? qwfawmufqwfawmuf jzpfwmawG ygvmwwfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh b,fae&muae download vkyf,lwmvJqdkwm ta&;MuD;vmwm jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fv h nf; Streaming video awGtaMumif; aemufyidk ;f azmfjywJhtcg a&Smif&Sm;Ekdifr,fh enf;vrf;tao;pdwfudk azmfjyay;ygr,f/

t&nftaoG; 'DaeYtxd jrifawGYae&wJh online video awG trsm;pku t&nftaoG;aumif;Muygw,f/ wcsKdUwav pdwfwkdif;rus jzpfMu&w,fqdkwmuvnf; b,fuae download vkyf,l wmvJqw kd t hJ ay:rSm rlwnfaeMuwmjzpfw,f/ DVD video

AD', D ykd &kH yd w f pfco k nf csKv UH u dk o f nfEiS t hf rQ t&nftaoG; avsmhyg;oGm;onfukdjyonf/

Ed0k ifbm ?2008 159

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm AD', D u dk dk qJcG szYdk bmvkt d yfovJ

AD'D,kdzkdiftrsKd;tpm;rsm;

twGufeJY 'pf*spfw,fAD'D,dkawGudk t&omjynfhjynfh00 cHpm;EkdifzdkY rdrduGefysLwmrSm jznfhqnf; xm;&r,fh tajctaeawGu downloading music xuf ydkvdktyfaerSmjzpfw,f/  yDpDuGefysLwmjzpfjzpf? Mac uGefysLwmrSmyJjzpfjzpf acsmacsm arG Y a rG Y playback vk y f E k d i f z d k Y tmrcH c suf a y;xm;wJ h processor tjrefEIef; &Sdae&ygr,f/  AD'D,dkawG download vkyfcsifwJhtcg odrf;qnf;xm;EkdifzdkY twGuf MuD;rm;wJh yrmP&SdwJh hard disk &Sdae&ygr,f/ wpfrdepf AD'D,dk½dkufcsufwpfcktwGuf odkrSD;yrmP 10 MB xufrenf; vdkygvdrfhr,f/  amp awG? speaker awGeJY qufoG,fjyD; vkyfukdifay;Ekdif avmufwJh sound card rsKd; &Sdae&yghr,f/  Windows Media Player vdk iTunes vdk download vkyfxm;wJh video awGudk MunfhEkdifr,f/ Player program &Sdae&ygvdrfhr,f/  broadband vdk jrefqefwJh internet connection wpfck &Sdae&ygr,f/ wu,fvdkY zkef;vkdif;uwpfqifh toHk;jyK&wJh dial-up yHp k q H &kd ifawmh download vky, f w l t hJ cg aES;auG; vGef;wmaMumifh download vkyfcsdef trsm;MuD; Mumygvdrfh r,f/ (wpfenf;ajym&&if downloadable video qdkwm broadband orm;twGuf oufoufvdkyif ajym&ygvdrfh r,f)

Music awG download vkyf,lwJhtcg awGYMuHKMu& ovdk online ay:u AD'D,dkawGudk download vkyf,lwJhtcg file formats trsKd;rsKd;eJY MuHKawGY&ygvdrfhr,f/ Format wkdif;

Downloading

vkdvkdrSm tm;omcsufawG &Sdaewwfovdk tm;enf;csufawG vnf; &Sdaewwfygw,f/ raw format yHkpHeJY digital video awGtaeeJY tifwmeufay:rSm rQa0cHpm;Ekdifr,fh tcGifhtvrf; enf;yg; ygw,f/ xkxnfyrmP MuD;vGef;aevdkYyJjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh download vkyfzkdY oifhawmfr,fht&G,ftpm; jzpf vmapzdkY compression format trsKd;rsKd; toHk;jyKMu&wm jzpfw,f/ qdw k muawmh Audio Video Interleaved qdw k hJ pum; vHk;&JU twdkaumuf tac:ta0: jzpfygw,f/ Microsoft AVI

od

rSwf

p

&m

Mac ay:rSm AVI movie awG Munfhr,fqdk&if www. videolan.org/vlc/download-macosx.html uwpfqifh VLC (Video LAN Client) udk tcrJh download

vkyf,ljyD; Munfh&rSmjzpfw,f/

Google Video emrnfausmf search engine MuD;&JU video outlet u tvGefw&m csrf;ajrh MunfEl;p&m aumif;vSygw,f/ &,f p&maumif ; wJ h home clip awG ? a&S;a[mif; rSww f rf;awG? music video awGeYJ xl;jcm;qef;jym;wJh AD', D ½kd u kd cf suf awG wpf yHk wpf yif ½Ipm;Ekdifw,f/ taumif;qHk;vdkYqdk&rSmuawmh tcrJh download vkyf,lcGifh&SdwmyJjzpfw,f/ http:// video. google. com ud k 0ifMunfjh yD; atmufygvkyif ef;pOf tqifh qifhudk aqmif&Guf,l&ygvdrfhr,f/

160

uGefysLwm*sme,f

1/ Google Video u olY&JU search engine MuD;vdkyJ ½dk;&Sif;wJh interface udk toHk;jyKxm;w,f/ Picture awGay:jzpfjzpf? menu awGay: jzpfjzpf click vkyfvkduf½HkeJY clip awGudk MunfhvdkY&w,f/

2/ taumif;qHk; Google video gallery udk MunfhEkdifzdkY navigation bar xdyfay:u Google Pick ay: click vkyf,l&w,f/ Scroll vkyf,lMunfh&if; rdrdMudKufESpfouf&m clip wpfckckudk a&G;xkwfMunfhEkdif w,f/

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm format wpfckvdkY ajym&ygvdrfhr,f/ a&S;tusqHk; format jzpf ovdk a,bk,stusqHk; format vdkYvnf; ajymEkdifw,f/ t&nftaoG;aumif;w,f/ flexible jzpfw,f/ yDpDuGefysLwm awG? Mac uGefysLwmawG trsm;pktay:rSm toHk;cs,lEkdif

w,f/ WMV qdkwmu Windows Media Video &JU twdkaumuf a0g[m&jzpfw,f/ Microsoft &JU aemufqHk;xkwf video format jzpfw,f/ Visual taeeJYjzpfjzpf? sound taeeJYjzpf

jzpf t&nftaoG; jrifjh rifrh m;rm;&Sw d ,f/ 'DaeY AD', D akd &mif;csol awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u download vkyf,lapr,fh ½kyf&SifawG twGufWMV versions eJY aqmif&u G af y;xm;avh&MdS uw,f/ Quick Time qdw k m Apple &JU video format jzpfjyD; ay:jyL vmtjzpfq;kH awGxu J format wpfckvdkY qdkEkdifw,f/ Images eJY sound awGudk t&nftaoG; jrifhjrifhrm;rm;eJY yHhydk;aqmif &Gufay;w,f/ wu,fvdkYom rdrduGefysLwm yg0gtm;aumif; r,fqdk&if ½kyf&Sif½HkrSmMunfh&oavmuf cHpm;rIrsKd;udk ay;Ekdif w,f/ Quick Time taeeJY Apple &JU Mac uGefysLwmawG ay:rSm zGifh,lwJhtcg jyóemwpfpHkwpf&m r&Sdayr,fh yDpDuGef ysLwmjzpfae&if Quick Time udk oD;jcm;wif,l&ygvdrfhr,f/ www.apple.com/quicktime/download/ win.html uae tcrJh yDpD version udk &,lxm;Ekdifw,f/

3/ Screen ay:rS rdrd&JUuGefysLwm b,fvdk setup vkyfxm; ovJay: rlwnfjyD; black screen udkjzpfjzpf? video udkjzpfjzpf csufcsif;jrifawGY &vdrfhr,f/

vkyf Munfh

yg

u ukd,fykdif video player program jyKvkyf xm;w,f/ http://video. google.com uae download vkyf,lMunfhyg/ Google

DivX qdkwm commercial ukrÜPDawGu wDxGifxkwfwm r[kwb f J oD;jcm;xGuaf y:vmwJh format jzpfw,f/ avmavm q,f online rSm ay:jyLvmtjzpfqHk; format wpfckjzpfae w,f/ t&nftaoG; tvGefjrifhrm;w,f/ tcrJh &,lEkdifw,f/ www.divx.com u tcsdefra&G; &,lEkdifw,f/ MPEG qdw k muawmh Motion Picture Experts Group udk ukd,fpm;jyKxm;wJh tac:ta0:jzpfw,f/ MPEG videos wkdif;&JU file trnfaemufqufwGJrSm MPG jzpfjzpf? MPEG vdYkyjJ zpfjzpf jyqdx k m;avh&MdS uw,f/ MPEG video rSm version trsKd;rsKd;&SEd idk w f ,f/ t&nftaoG;uawmh version ay:rlwnf jyD; &Sdaewwfw,f/ MPEG - 1

a&S;tusqHk; version jzpfjyD; t&nftaoG;edrfhw,f qdak yr,fh vQyw f pfjyuf½u kd cf suaf v;awGtwGuf vHak vmufwhJ t&nftaoG; &Ekdifygw,f/

4/ wu,fvdkY ppcsif;jyae&if; playback udk&yfzdkY play button ay: click vkyfay;&w,f/ nmbuf column twGif;rSm download button &Sdygw,f/

5/ Download vkyfief;pOfu tvdk tavsmuf pygvdrfhr,f/ Download vkyfxm;csufudk desktop ay: tvkdvkd wifay;xm;vku d v f rd rhf ,f/ Munfch siw f hJ tcg tJ'D folder udk double click vkyf,l&w,f/

Ed0k ifbm ?2008 161

Download film trailers for you iPod

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm Download film trailers for you iPod

1/ Apple &JU trailer &JUsite rSm browse vkyfMunfh&if vuf&SdeJY aemufvmr,fh ½kyf&SifawGpm&if; &SdaerSmjzpfw,f/ HD vdkY label wyfxm;&if ultra-high quality vdkY nTef;qdkxm;wmjzpfw,f/

2/ ½kyf&Siftrnftay: click vkyfvkduf&w,f/ 'Dae&mrSm download vkyfr,fh t&G,ftpm;twGuf qHk;jzwfjyD;om;jzpf ae&ygr,f/ t&G,ftpm;udka&G;jyD; "Download for iPod" udk a&G;ay;vkduf½HkygyJ/

3/ Downloading vkyfief; pvkyfygjyD/ iPod trailer awGu omreftm;jzifh ZIP file taeeJY compressed vkyfxm;ay; avh&Sdw,f/

4/ Download vkyfjyD;wmeJY file u ukd,fwkdif unpack (decompress) vkyaf y;vku d v f rd rhf ,f/ tJ'v D v kd yk rf ay;xm;cJh vnf; desktop ay:u icon udk double click vkyfjyD; decompress vkyf,lEkdifygw,f/

5/ icon udk double-click vkyfjyD; iTunes twGif;rSm Munhf Ekdifw,f/ tJ'Duae rdrd iPod qDudk wkduf½dkuf transfer vkyf ,lvdkYvnf; &ygw,f/

162

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm disk space vnf;

t&nftaoG;jrifhwJh version jzpfjyD; DVDs awGay:rSm ½kyf&SifawG wif,lwJhtcg toifhavsmfqHk;jzpfw,f/

vHkvHkavmufavmuf&Sdr,f/ tcsdefvnf; &r,fqkd&if aiGaMu;ukefusp&mrvdkbJ ½Iarmp&mawG wpfyHk wpfyif &Sdaeygw,f/

MPEG- 4

AD', D rdk sm;ukd Munfjh cif;

tvGef t&nftaoG; jrifhygw,f/ File t&G,ftpm; ao;ao;eJY jyKvkyfEkdifwmrdkY tifwmeufeJY iPod awGrSm toHk; jyKzdkY tvGefoifhavsmfygw,f/

rdrd video awGtwGuf format 3 rsKd; a&G;cs,fciG &hf w dS ,f/ uGefysLwmay:rSmMunfhr,fqdk&if "Windows/Macs" udk a&G;&r,f/ iPod vkd Portable Playstation vdk ud&d,m ay:rSmMunfhzdkYqdk&if rdrdud&d,mrSm 0ifqHhr,fh t&G,ftpm;eJY format udk a&G;cs,f&rSmjzpfw,f/ Download trdefYray;rD pull-down menus u oifhavsmfwJh option udk a&G;cs,fay; vkduf½HkyJjzpfygw,f/ Download vkyf,lMunfhMuwJhae&mrSm ay:jyLvmtjzpf qHk;wpfckuawmh ½kyf&SiferlemawGyJjzpfw,f/ erlemykdif;udk MunfhjyD;rS ½kyf&Sifudk pdwf0ifpm;wwfwmrdkY Zmwfum;wkdif; avmufe;D eD; erlemykid ;f awGukd tifwmeufay: wifay;avh&MdS u w,f/ t&nftaoG;vnf;aumif;Muw,f/ www. apple. com/trailers udk 0ifa&mufMunfh½IEkdifygw,f/ erlemydkif;awmfawmfrsm;rsm;eJY AD'D,dkZmwfum; awmfawmf rsm;rsm;u iPod download yHpk jH yKxm;wJt h wGuf Quick Time format udk toH;k csjyD; tifwmeufay:a&muf&v dS mavh&w dS ,f/ Apple uGefysLwmawGtwGuf taxGtxl;r&Sdayr,fh Windows pepfoHk; yDpDuGefysLwmawGtwGufawmh www.apple. com/ quicktime uae tcrJh Quick Time aqmhzf0Judk download vkyf,lxm;&ygvdrhfr,f/ qufvufazmfjyay;ygO;D r,f/ 0if;pH

MPEG - 2

qdkwm tifwmeufay:rSm b,fae&mrSmrqdk jrifawGYaeEkdifwJh common format wpfckjzpfw,f/ Real format vdkYyJqdkqdk? Real video vdkYyJac:ac: RealPlayercompatible jzpfjzpf twlwljzpfw,f/ Streaming video awGtwGuf tajccH 'DZkdif;jyKxm;wmvdkY qdkEkdifw,f/ TV transmission wpfcv k kd video awGukd uGeyf sLwmay:rSm vufcH aqmif&Gufw,f/ 'gayr,fh download vkyf,ljyD; odrf;xm; cGirhf ay;ay/ 'Dupd t ö wGuf streaming music u@rSm tao; pdwf azmfjyay;ygr,f/ 'gawGtjyif Xvid format eJY&SdaewJh video awGvnf; jrifawGYMu&Ekdifw,f/ tcrJh&EkdifwJh open-source version wpfcjk zpfw,f/ DivX t&nftaoG;eJYxyfwx l yfrQ &Sad ew,f/ Real Video

tcrJh AD', D dk tifwmeufay:u AD'D,dkawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u avmavm q,f tcrJh&,lEkdifzdkY &SdaeMuygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aemiftcg tcrJq h w kd hJ abmifuusOf;oGm;Ekid pf &mtaMumif;&Sw d ,f/ rdrrd mS

AC Ally II

eJY at;at;av; tvkyf vky&f atmif

uGefysLwmoHk;olrsm;wGif cHpm;&rI trsm;qHk;rSm tyl'Pf jzpfygw,f/ tcef;rSm avat;puf wyfqifxm;w,fqdkonfhwdkif oifhuGefysLwmu tyl'Pfudkawmh a&SmifvdkY&r,f rxifyg/ tck USB port oHk; AC Ally II USB Power Desktop air conditioner avat;puf uav;u oifcHpm;aewJh tyl'Pfudk txdkuftavsmuf oufomapygvdrfhr,f/ pufxJrSm a&xnfh vnfywfapvdkY vwfqwfwJhavudk &&dSapygr,f/ wu,fvdkYa& rxnfhcsifbl; qdk&ifvnf; yefumavudk cHpm;Edkifygw,f/ vQyfppfpGrf;tm;oHk;pGJrI tvGef enf;yg;jyD; oifhuGefysLwm&JU USB port udk oHk;EdkifwmrdkY tjcm;vQyfppfcvkwfrsm; rvdkawmhyg/ wefzdk; 44.95 a':vm jzpfygw,f/

Ed0k ifbm ?2008 163

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

wpfMurd w f nf;eJaY wmh ajzvdYk jy;D r,f rxifyg Q (1) uRefawmf uGefysLwm 0,fwm wpfESpf rjynfhao;yg/ Photoshop CS2 3-4 cgavmuf run jyD;wJhtcsdefrSm puf[m restart jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ tJ'g rjzpfcif monitor resolution udk tjrifhqHk;xm;wJhtcsdefrSm pmvHk; w tm; ao; ae vdkY

768 jzpfygw,f/ (3) Windows wifuwnf; u MRT ac: Microsoft malicious removal tool udk update vkyfvdkY &ygovm;/ uRefawmhf[mu Microsoft malicious removal tool 2001 jzpfaeygw,f/ wu,f aum malicious awGudk z,f

Desktop/Properties/Appearance u Font size: udk

ay;Edkifygovm;/ uRefawmf small game acGxJu[mudk install vkyfzdkY pdwfrcsvdkY tJ'D tool eJY ppfw,f/ No malicious vdkYjyw,f/ tJ'geJY install vkyfjyD; upm;zdkY double click EdSyfawmh Kaspersky rS

a&G;vdkufygw,f/ rxifrSwf bJ Ctrl+Alt+Del udk EdSyf vd k u f r d a wmh restart jzpf oGm;ygw,f/ bmaMumifh jzpf wmvJ/ (2) Monitor resolution udk b,favmufxm;oifyh govJ/ rsm;rsm;xm;&if monitor tysufjrefw,fvdkY Mum;zl;yg w,f/ [kwfygovm;/ Resolution enf;enf;yJ xm; jyefawmh Photoshop run wJhtcg pmom;tjynfh ray:bJ aysmufaewwfyg w,f/ uRefawmfh monitor trsm;qHk;xm;Edkifwm1024 x

164

There is a malicious program. Invader ... vdkY jyyg

w,f/ bmaMumifhygvJ/ tif wmeufrS download vkyf xm;wJh program awG install vkyfzdkY zGifh&ifvnf; tJ'Dvdk ay:vmygw,f/ (4) Kaspersky antivirus rS atmuf azmfjyyg 5 csuf\ vkyfaqmifyHkudk &Sif;jyay;yg/ bmhaMumifh tJ'v D kd vkyaf qmif

uGefysLwm*sme,f

wmvJqdkwm &Sif;jyay;apvdk enf;vrf;udk ajymjyapcsifyg w,f/ ygw,f/ 1. Terminate process (6) All Programs rSm jrm; 2. Skip oGm;axmuf&if install vkyf 3. Deny xm;wJh program awG ay: 4. Roll back vmygw,f/ tJ'rD mS wjcm;ol 5. Add to tread zone awG 0ifjyD;roH;k Edik af tmif lock (5) Windows xJ u ae vkyfvdkY &ygovm;/ Log off Adkif;&yfpfowfvdkY&w,fvdkY udk ajymwmr[kwfyg/ qdkvdk Mum;zl ; ygw,f / [k w f y g wmu y½dk*&rf wpfckudk run ovm;/ owfjyD;&if safe xm;&if; wjcm;udk cP xGuf mode eJY jyefxGufw,fvdkY oGm;wJt h cg tJ'gawGukd lock ajymMuygw,f/ vkyfvdkY &&if vkyfxm;csifvdkYyg/ enf;vrf;

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz &dS&if tultnD ay;apvdkyg w,f/ (7) Install vkyfxm;wJh y½dk *&rfawG rvdkvdkY jyef uninstall vkyfwJhtcg pufxJrSm usef a ewJ h tcsuf a wG u d k b,fae&muae b,fvkd zsuf &rvJqdkwm odcsifygw,f/ t
(9) Auto CAD 2006 wif wm yxrpwifawmh tqif ajyygw,f/ Key eJYvnf; activate vk y f a y;vd k u f y g w,f / aemuf y d k i f ; usawmh Auto CAD udk roHk;bJ puf av;rSmpd;k vdYk jyefjyD; uninstall vkyfvdkufygw,f/ &ufaygif; tawmfMumoGm;rS install jyef vkyfw,f/ tJ'Dtcgusawmh &uf (30) ausmfaevdkY run vdkY r&awmhbJ activate vkyf cdkif;ygw,f/ vkyfay;vdkuf awmh jyef&oGm;ygw,f/ tJ'D aemufydkif; malicious 'ku© ay;vdYk Windows udk format csjyD; jyefwifw,f/ tJ'g Auto CAD jyef w if a wmh crack file xJu keygen udk zGifhr&awmhbJ Microsoft udk error ydkYcdkif;wJh message ay: vmygw,f/ tJ'geJY Auto CAD 2005 wif v d k u f j yD ; 2006 jyefwifawmh &oGm;jyef

ygw,f/ tJ'aD emuf virus xd jyefa&m/ Anti virus rwif xm;rdwmvnf; ygygw,f/ tJ'Daemufydkif; crack file xJu keygen udk EdSyfawmh bmrS u d k response rvk y f awmhyg/ b,fvdk vkyf&rvJ/ (10) uRefawmfhpuf error &dS? r&dS odcsifvdkY system cleaner eJY run wJhtcg atmuf azmfjyygzdkifrsm; ay:vmyg w,f/ wcsKdUu ajymw,f/ Error rsm;&if pufav;vm w,f/ Hang wJhtxd jzpf w,f v d k Y ajymw,f / tJ ' g aMumifh system cleaner eJY run Munhfwmyg/ error fiel rsm;uawmh

taetxm;yg/ uGefysLwm restart jzpfjcif;onf PS CS2 rSm jyóem&dSaevdkY xifyg w,f/ - PS CS2 udk pepfwus jyef jzKwfyg/ - Program Files xJu Photoshop wif&mrSm jzpfay: vmwJh Adobe Photoshop

1. 00000002 bak 2. edb.chk software 3. h323log.txt 4. professio

aemufwpfcsuf Ctrl+ Alt+Del udk EdSyfrd&if Win-

CS2, Adobe Bridge, Adobe Stock Photos, Adobe Help Center uJhodkY zdkvf'grsm;udk delete vkyfyg/ - uGefysLwmudk restart vkyf jyD; Photoshop CS2 udk jyef wifyg/ vdktyf&if Photoshop CS2 pD'D ajymif;Munhf

yg/

dows Task Manager (box) ay:ygw,f/ tck restart us

ausmf (tao;pdwf odvdkol) oGm;w,fqdkwmudk r&Sif;yg/ (2) Screen resolution onf A (1) armif&ifh uGef pixels rsm;&JU wefzdk; jzpfyg D mrSm tvsm; _ ysLwmonf topfvnf;jzpf? w,f/ armfew ypönf;rsm;vnf; tawmfjrifh teH pixels wefzdk; (Screen wmaMumifh PS CS2 onf Resolution = screen width aumif;pGm tvkyfvkyfEdkifwJh x screen height) trsKd;rsKd;

atmufwb dk m? 2008 165

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz &dSygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYonf armfeD wm trsK;d tpm;eJY VGA uwf wdkYtay: rlwnfjyD; armfeDwm rSm resolution b,favmuf xm;&r,f qdw k mudk owfrw S f Edkifygw,f/ aqmhzf0J wpfck ckudk zGifhvdkuf&if pmrsufESm Page tjynfh jrif&&if ¤if; onf oif h a wmf w J h tae txm;vdkY qdk&ygr,f/

&,lEdkifygw,f/ uGefysLwmtwGif; ysHUESHYaewhJ 'kua© y;Edik af om Malware vdYk vnf; ac:EdkifwJh Blaster, Sasser, My doom uJhodkY aqmhzf0Jrsm;? worms rsm;? tcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k z,f xkwaf y;Edik yf gw,f/ rdu k u f ½dk aqmhzfu rdrd&JU uGefysLwmrSm bmjyóemrS r&dSbl;qdk&if Screen resolution awmif Malicious software 800 x 600 removal tool udk run oifh 1024 x 768 w,fvdkY a&;xm;ygw,f/ 1280 x 8 00 (4) Kaspersky antivirus 1280 x 1024 aqmhz0f &J UJ vkyaf qmifcsurf sm; 1440 x 1080 wGif vuf&t Sd m;jzifh 1024 x 768 eJY 1. Terminate process onf download

high color depth (24 bit) or (32 bit) onf toH k ;

'To remove the virus completely' vdkY qdkygw,f/ Adkif;

trsm;qH;k jzpfjyD; tqifajyqH;k taetxm;vdkY qdkygw,f/ csdefnd§wJh enf;&,fvdkY xl; xl;jcm;jcm; rawGUyg/ Desktop ae&mvGwfwpfae&mudk armuf p f n m uvpf E d S y f j yD ; Properties/Settings uae screen resolution udk oifh awmfr,fh taetxm;odkY a&G; cs,fMunhfyg/ (3) Microsoft malicious removal tool udk update vkyfEdkifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh armif&ifh Windows CD csyf onf rl&if; jzpfzdkYvdkygr,f/ rl&if; r[kwfcJh&if b,fvdk wHkYjyefrIrsKd; jzpfay:Edkifw,f qdw k mawmh twdtus ajymí r&yg/ bmyJjzpfjzpf 6.9MB t&G,ftpm;&dSwJh Microsoft

&yfpfudk tjyD;z,fxkwfvdkuf jcif; jzpfygw,f/ 2. Skip onf 'Do not perform any actions' jzpfyg w,f/ bmrSrvkyfyJ ausmfvdk

Malicious software removal tool 2.2 udk tcrJh

166

Firewall eJY Virus Protection wdu Yk dk ON vkyx f m;&ef

jyxm;onf/ u ausmfvdkufygvdkY qdkyg w,f/ wcsKdUu vkyfaqmif csufjyD;vdkY (The action will be completed) ausmfvdkuf ygvdkY a&;xm;ygw,f/ 3. Deny onf Adkif;&yfpfudk azmfxkwf&efESihf fix vkyf&ef jiif;qdkjcif; odkYr[kwf vkyf aqmifcsufudk block vkyf ydwfxm;w,fvdkY qdkygw,f/

4. Roll back onf Rolling back the last update vdkY

qdkygw,f/ 5. Add to tread zone onf

Adik ;f &yfpv f Ykd xif&ayr,fh uGef ysLwmud k 'k u © r ay;bl ; [k ,lqjyD; pdwfcs&atmif odrf; xm;ay;jcif ; jzpf y gw,f / rouFmwJh zdkifrsm;udk rzsuf bJ zone wpfckrSm odrf;xm; wmyg/ Kaspersky rSm Allow, Quarantine, Add to exclusion ponf vkyfaqmif

Internet Explorer udk update vkyzf EYkd iS hf Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool udk run &ef axmufcaH Mumif; (recommended) jyxm;onf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

csufrsm;vnf; &dSygw,f/ (5) Windows xJuae Adkif; &yfpf owfw,fqdkwJh ar;cGef; udk r&Sif;yg/ 'gayr,fh Windows rSm Security Center qdkwm &dSygw,f/ Control Panel uae 0ifjyD; Security Center udk uvpfvy k f zGiyhf g/ ¤if;wGif Firewall eJY Virus Protection wdkYukd ON vkyf xm;jcif ; jzif h Ad k i f ; &yf p f tEÅ&m,frS umuG,fEdkifw,f vdkY qdkygw,f/ 'gayr,fh

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz oD;jcm; aqmhzf0J wpfckckudk wifxm;oifhyg w,f/ (6) All Programs udk lock vkyfvdkY &^r&udk ravhvm& ao;yg/ 'gayr,fh All Programs udk cPazsmufxm;wJh enf ; vrf ; ud k a&;vd k u f y g w,f/ - Start/Run (box) udk zGijhf yD; regedit vdkY ½dkufxnfhfyg/ - HKEY_CURRENT_ antivirus

USER\Software\ Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVer sion\ Policies\Explorer odYk

a&mufatmif zdkvf'grsm;udk tqifhqifh zGifhyg/ - ¤if; Explorer udk armufpf nmuvpf axmufvdkufyg/ - ay:vmwJh pop-up menu rS New udk uvpfvkyfjyD; DWORD Value udk zGifhyg/ -tJ'Dtcg nmbufjrifuGif; xJrSm New Value #1 qdkjyD; Name topfwpfck ay:vm ygr,f/

- ¤if;trnfay;&r,fhtuGuf ae&mrSm No Start Menu MoreProgram vdYk wpfquf wnf; ½dkufxnfhyg/ - tqd k y g pmom;ay:od k Y armufpfuvpf axmufjyD; Modify udk a&G;cs,fyg/ - Edit DWORD Value (box) ay:vmygr,f/ Base &JU Hexadecimal udk a&G; cs,fjyD; Value data: tuGuf rSm (0) okntpm; 1 vdkY ajymif;½dkufxnfhyg/ - OK udk EdyS jf yD; uGeyf sLwmudk restart jyefvkyfvdkufyg/ - Start &JU All Programs ae&maysmufaewmudk awGU& ygvdrfhr,f/ - All Programs udk jrif&ef regedit eJY jyef0ifjyD; Value data: udk okn (0) ajymif; ay;yg/ uGefysLwmudk restart vkyfyg/ - 'Denf;eJY armif&ifh oli,f csif;awGudk rsufvSnfhjyxm; Edkifygw,f/

(7) y½dk*&rf (aqmhzf0J) wpfck udk pepfwus uninstall vkyf vdkufw,fqdkayr,fh ¤if;&JU zdkvf'gtcsKdU usefaewwfyg w,f/ txl;ojzifh Program Files xJrmS &SmMunhy f g/ Search rSm trnfwl ½du k x f nfjh yD; &SmEdkifygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYudk delete vkyfvdkufyg/ Start/Run... udk zGifhjyD; regedit vdkY ½dkuf xnfh yg/ Registry Editor (box) ay:vm&if F3 uD;udk EdSyfyg/ Find (box) xyfay:vmyg r,f/ Find what: tuGufrSm

zsucf siw f t hJ rnfukd ½du k x f nfh jyD; &SmEdkifygw,f/ (8) Hard disk udk format csvdkuf&if &Sif;oGm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh Recovery software eJY jyefqGJxkwf&if zdkif? tcsuftvufrsm;udk &Edkifyg ao;w,f/ odkYjzpfí hard disk onf vHk;0 oefYoGm; w,fvdkY ajymr&yg/ (9) Auto CAD 2006 wif wmeJY ywfoufvdkY rMuHKzl; ao;yg/ Auto CAD oHk;ol wpfOD;OD;udk ar;ay;ygr,f/ (10) tawGUtMuHKt& System cleaner od k Y r[k w f cleaner aqmhz0 f w J pfcck ek YJ ppf wJt h cg wu,fta&;MuD;wm aum? rMuD ; wmaum zd k i f rsm;pG m ud k jywmawG U &yg w,f/ tcsKUd cleaner aqmhz0f J rsm;onf oifhuGefysLwmrSm 'ku©ay;EdkifwJh zdkifawG trsm; MuD; awGUxm;ygw,fqdkjyD; jy wwfygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYudk &Sif; vif;&ef register vkyfyg odkY

r[kwf aiGydkYvdkufyg qdkwm rsKd;yg/ odkYjzpfí aqmhzf0Jrsm; u tEÅ&m,f &dSw,fvdkY jy wdkif; rpdk;&drfygeJY/ 00000000.bak, 00000001.bak, 00000002. bak ponf zdi k rf sm;onf Kaspersky &JU backup zdkifrsm;

jzpfygw,f/ - edb.chk zk d i f o nf database check-point file jzpfygw,f/ edb.log eJYvnf;

jywwfygw,f/ vkyif ef; udpö &yfrsm;udk rSwo f m;xm;wJh zdik f jzpfvdkY aemufwpfcg uGefysL wm tvkyfvkyfwdkif; jyefay: rSmyg/ ¤if;wdkYudk z,fxkwf&ef odYk r[kwf vrf;aMumif;ajymif; odr;f &efenf;vrf;rsm; awGUay r,fh tvGef½IyfaxG;vdkY ra&; awmhyg/ 'Dtwdkif; xm;vdkuf ygvdkY qdkygw,f/ - h323log.txt onf Microsoft H323 Media Service Provider &JU tpdwf tydik ;f jzpfwhJ text file vdYk qdyk g w,f/ dial up modem odkY r[k w f ADSL connections rsm;eJY qufpyfjzpfay:

wJh zdkifrsm; jzpfygw,f/ 'D twdik ;f xm;vdu k yf gvdYk yJ tMuH ay;vdkufygw,f/ - professio onf professional udk qdkvdk[ef jzpfyg w,f/ 123456789012 123456789012 123456789012 123456789012 123456789012 123456789012 123456789012

atmufwb dk m? 2008 167

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz Excel &JU pdw0f ifpm;zG,f azmfjrLvm

Q

uRefr Microsoft Excel eJY ywfoufjyD; tvGef pd w f 0 if p m;ygw,f / tJ ' D twGuf*sme,frSmygwJh tar; tajzrsm; u@u Excel &JU tajzrsm;udv k nf; pkaqmif;yg w,f/ Excel rSm formula xkww f mudk 'Dxufyjkd yD; uRrf; usifvdkygw,f/ tMuHay;yg/

vmwJh 0ufbfqdkufrsm;rS a&G; cs,f avhvmEdik yf gw,f/ ,ck IF function eJY Conditional Formatting wdYkukd erlemtae eJY azmfjyay;vdkufygw,f/ IF function onf ]tu,fí} eJY awG;ac:&vdkY tajzonf ]rSe}f ESihf ]rSm;} [lí ESpfrsKd; xGufygw,f/ ]]rSef&if rSef? rrSef&if rSm;}} qdkygawmh/ pdw0f ifpm;&if wu,fawG;vdYk aumif;ygw,f/ tck Excel rSm tckvdk jznfhyg/ aumfvH A aumfvH B

A Excel &JU formula wnfaqmufyr kH sm;onf pdwf0ifpm;zdkY aumif;ygw,f/ ¤if;wdkYudk avhvmzdkY&m tvGef us,fjyefYygw,f/ IF func- 13 20 tion eJY Conditional For12 2 matting wdkYudk oHk;wwf&if 44 325 formula rsm;pG m ud k wnf 100 10 aqmufEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ tif 3 50 wmeuf Search rSm 'Excel 40 100 exercise' vdYk ½du k x f nfjh yD; ay: A9 wGif 500 xnfhyg/

Run

Q

168

=IF(A2>B2,1,2) =IF(A2>B2,"yes","") =IF(A2>B2,"contact","sorry") =IF(A2>B2,"contact",$A$9)

http://www.techonthenet. com/excel/formulas/index _alpha.php rSm formulas (function) wpf c k c sif ; ud k

azmfjrLvmwpfcck sif; xnfyh g/ pdwMf udKuf *Pef;rsm;? pmom; rsm; ajymif; Munhf yg/¤if; erlemudk aumif;pGm oabm

&Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/ vdktyf&if pD ' D e J Y pk a qmif ; ay;xm;yg r,f/ *sme,fwdkufrSm vmul; ,lEdkifygw,f/

ygr,f/ - ¤if;wGif Start menu eJY Classic Start menu [lí ESpfrsKd; awGU&ygr,f/ ESpfrsKd; pvHk;udk oHk;ygr,f/

- yxr Start menu rS m Properties udk uvpfvkyfjyD; Customize udk zGifhyg/ - Advanced udk xyfzGifhyg/ - ¤if;&JU Start menu items:

b,fudk ajy;aewmvJ

uRefr uGefysLwm rSm Run ... (box) aysmuf aeygw,f / aysmuf a ewm awmh MumygjyD/ 'gayr,fh 0if; 'dk;pfuD;eJY R uD; aygif;EdSyf&if jyefay:wmrdkY tJ'D jyóemudk rajz&Sif;bJxm;wmyg/ tck tqdkyg uD;cvkwfrsm;udk EdSyf &ifvnf; Run... (box) ray: awmhyg/ ajz&Sif;ay;ygOD;/ A

aemuf aumfvH C, D, E, F, G aygufvQif IF function udk oHk;Edkifygvdrfhr,f/ wdkYrSm Excel eJY ywfoufjyD; =IF(A2>B2,"yes",'no")

wm? Search aysmuf w m ponfeYJ ywfoufvYkd *sme,f rSm rMumcP azmfjyzl;yg w,f/ jyef&SmMunhfyg/ tck tvG,fqHk; enf;vrf;rsm;udk jyef a&;ay;vdkufygw,f/ yxrenf; - Start (icon) ay:od k Y armufpfjrm;OD; wifjyD; nm uvpf EdSyfvdkufyg/ - Taskbar and Start Menu Run...(box) aysmuf Properties (box) ay:vm

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz rS m Run command ud k scroll bar eJY a&TU&Smyg/ - awGU&if trSwjf cpf a&G;cs,f vdkufyg/ - xd k Y t wl Taskbar and Start Menu Properties (box) rS m Classic Start menu odkY ajymif;yg/ - Customize udk zGifhyg/ - Customize Classic Start Menu (box) rSm Display Run udk scroll bar eJY a&TU

&Smyg/ - awGU&if trSwjf cpf a&G;cs,f vdkufyg/ - nTefjyxm;wJhtwdkif; Ap-

ply/OK cvkwfrsm;udk EdSyfjyD;

jyefxGufyg/ uGefysLwmudk restart jyefvkyfyg/ 'kw, d enf; - All Programs/Accessories u wpfqifh Command Prompt udk zGifhyg/ - regedit vdkY ½dkufyg/ - Registry Editor (box) - Explorer ud k armuf p f ay:ygr,f/ uvpf vkyfyg/ - HKEY_CURRENT_ - nmbuf jrifuGif;xJrSm USER\Software\MicroNoRun qdkwJh trnfudkawGU soft\ Windows\Current &if armufpfnmuvpf EdSyfjyD; Version\Policies\Explorer Delete eJY zsufvdkufyg/ odkY a&mufonftxd zdkvf'g - xd k Y twl HKEY_ tqifhqifh 0ifyg/ LOCAL_MACHINE\ Software\Microsoft\ Windows\CurrentVersion\ Policies \Explorer odYk tqifh

qifh 0ifyg/ - nmbuf jrifuGif;xJrSm NoRun qdw k hJ trnfukd awGU &if armufpfnmuvpf EdSyfjyD; Delete eJY zsufvdkufyg/ - uGefysLwmudk restart jyef

tukef zsufvdkuf[ef wlyg udkawmh ol odr,f rxifyg/ w,f/ vufusef wpfenf; ¤if;onf Windows XP &JU

odEikd yf gw,f Q td r f u uG e f y sL wmudk uRefawmf tvkyfoGm; aewke;f nDi,fo;kH wmudk uRef awmf odygw,f/ 'gayr,fh b,ftcsdefrSm bmawG oHk; oGm;w,fqdkwm tp&SmvdkY r&yg/ ar;&ifvnf; ol rzGifh bl;vdYk jiif;ygw,f/ nDi,fu uGefysLwmoHk;wm uRefawmfh

vkyfyg/ wwd,enf; - 0if;'dk;pfpD'Dudk CD drive xJrSm xnfhxm;yg/ - All Programs/Accessories uae Command Prompt udk zGifhyg/ - C:\>sfc /scannow vdkY ½dkufyg/ - vd k t yf a om zd k i f r sm;ud k 0if;'dk;pfpD'DrS jyifay;ygvdrfh r,f/ txufyg enf;vrf;rsm; eJY Run (box) udk jyefrazmfEikd f &ifawmh malware odkYr[kwf virus aMumifhvdkY ajzvdkufyg& ap/

xuf ydjk yD; uRrf;usifygw,f/ olYukd ynmay;csifvYkd ol uGef ysLwmudk zGifhoHk;w,f? roHk; bl;qdkwm b,fvdk jyEdkifyg ovJ/ A

armif & ih f n D u recent, temp, log, index, zdi kf awG u d k tp &S m r&atmif

atmufwb dk m? 2008 169

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz system u uGefysLwm tzGifh? tydwfudk record vkyfxm;

jcif; jzpfygw,f/ ¤if;twGuf - My Computer (icon) udk armuf p f nmuvpf E d S y f j yD ; Manage udk zGifhyg/ - Computer Management (box) ay:vmygr,f/ - ¤if;rS system tool udk

uvpf v k y f y g/

Event

Viewer/System udk uvpf xyfvkyfyg/ Information (Type) trsKd ; tpm;rsm;

ay:vmygvdrfhr,f/ - ¤if ; wG i f Type, Date, Time, Source ponf aumfvHrsm;pGm &dS&mrSm Event aumfvHudk jrifatmif jrif

Kaspersky aemufqufwrJG sm;

Q

vdkY ½dkufxnfhyg/ virus aqmhzf0J toHk;jyKrIeJY - xdktcg KLsw' Serial ywfoufvYkd *sme,frsm;eJY tif Number. 0594-0004CD....... wmeuf Blog rsm;rSm rMum 0ufbfqdkufwpfck ay:vmyg cP zwfae&ygw,f/ qdkvdk rnf/ ¤if;udk uvpf vkyf wmu Kaspersky udk tcrJh vdkufyg/ wpfvxuf ydkjyD; oHk;&zdkY? oHk; - ½dkufxnfh&mü tqifrajy aewkef; taESmihft,Suf rjyK vQif zdkY ponf enf;vrf;rsm;udk Kaspersky 03551C1B.key a&;xm;MuwmawGUvdkY &SmazG [k ½dkufxnhfMunhfyg/ a&;om;Muolrsm;udk aus;Zl; - ¤if;rS uD;eHygwfudk ay;yg wif y gw,f / 'gayr,f h vdrfhrnf/ download (Save taMumif;aMumif;aMumifh a&; xm;wJhtwdkif; vkyfr&wmrsKd; MuHK&ygw,f/ enf;vrf;rsm; xyfr&H mS awGUvQif a&;ay;ygOD; cifAsm;/ Kaspersky anti-

com.cn'

A rSefygw,f/ wef&m wefaMu;ay;jyD; r0,fEikd o f rQ 'Dvdk tcuftcJawmh &dSyg r,f/ enf;vrf; rrSefuefay r,f h tqif a jyr,f x if w J h enf;udk a&;ay;vdkufygw,f/ - tifwmeuf Search rSm 'baibui212. googlecode.

170

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGif;udk csJUxm;yg/ Event aumfvHxJrS 6006 *Pef;udk &SmMunhfyg/ - ¤if;onf uGefysLwmudk ydwfvdkufwJh tcsdef&JU event log jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvdkY 6006 *Pef; udk rawGUbl;? &Sm&wmvnf; tqifrajybl;qdk&ifawmif

tJ'Du Type trsKd;tpm;? Date, Time wd k Y ud k zwf MunhfjyD; tajz&SmEdkifygw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf armif&ifn h D ynm jyxm;wmudk jyefazmfEdkifyg vdrfhr,f/

vkyf,lyg/ rSwfrdvG,f aom wpfae&mwGif zdkvf'g wpfck wnfaqmufjyD; odrf; xm;yg/ - tqdyk g zdik u f kd registry uD; tjzpf ay;ygrnf/ ¤if;udk zGifh Munhfvdkygu armufpfnm uvpf EdSyfjyD; Edit jzifh zGifh Edkifygw,f/ - tifwmeufrS Kaspersky anti virus zdkifudk download cs&,lyg/ Oyrm Kaspersky 8.0.0.454en jzpf y gw,f / 0ufbfqdkuf tcsKdUrSm Ka-

spersky Anti-Virus 2009 8.0.0.454 Final vdYk a&;xm; wwfjyD; t&G,ftpm; 30MB

File)

ausmfygw,f/ - ¤if; Kaspersky zdkifudk run yg/ - Activate (box) rSm Activate using the key file udk a&G;cs,fyg/ - Key file awmif;wJhtcg apmapmu od r f ; xm;wJ h 03551C1B.key zd k i f u d k browse vkyf &SmjyD; zGifhyg/ - vkyaf qmifcsuf rSm;aeygu odkYr[kwf uD;eHygwf vGJaeyg u License is not compatible with this application

[k jyygr,f/ rSefuefygu Key is successfully installed [k jyygr,f/

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz - Install vkyfief;udk quf vuf aqmif&Gufyg/ - owdxm;&r,fh tcsufu tckvdk uD;eHygwfudk tvG,f wulay;xm;jcif;&JU aemuf uG,frSm b,fvdk qdk;usKd;awG jzpfvmEdkifw,f qdkwmyg/ KAV/KIS 6.0/7.0 ud k Mum&Snf oHk;EdkifwJh enf;vrf; rsm;udv k nf; &SmazGa&;vdu k yf g w,f/ enf;vrf; (1) - KAV (Kaspersky AntiVirus) 6.0 odYkr[kwf 7.0 (30day trial) udk download &,l y g/ vd k t yf & if KIS (Kaspersky Internet Security) 6.0/7.0 (30-day trial) udkvnf; download &,lyg/ - Kaspersky udk install

toD;oD;odkY 0ifjyD; aemufqHk; rS LicStorage, RNG ESifh Certificates zd k v f ' gwd k Y u d k armufpf nmuvpf EdSyfjyD; Delete vkyfvdkufyg/ - HKEY_LOCAL_MA CHINE\SOFTWARE\ KasperskyLab\LicStorage - HKEY_LOCAL_MA CHINE\SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\Cryptography \RNG - HKEY_LOCAL_MA CHINE\SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\SystemCertificates\ SPC\Certificates - Kaspersky udk run jyD; (30-day trial) uD;udk a&G; cs,fyg/ activate vkyfyg/ - Kaspersky udk oHk;Edkifyg jyD/ &uf 30 jynfhí expire

rvdkwJhenf;vdkY qdkygw,f/ - Start/Run... odkY 0ifí regedit [k ½dkufxnfhyg/ - HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ KasperskyLab\AVP6\Data

txd a &muf a tmif zd k v f ' g tqifhqifh zGifhyg/ - tcsKdUwGif AVP6 jzpfjyD; vkyfvdkufyg/ ¤if;udk roHk; jzpfonfhtcg azmfjyyg enf; tcsKdUwGif KasperskyLab/ ao;bJ jyefydwfxm;yg/ vrf;twdkif; jyefvkyfay;yg/ protected/AVP8/Data [k - Start/Run... odkY 0ifí jyygw,f/ regedit [k ½dkufxnfhyg/ enf;vrf; (2) - ¤if; Data udk armufpf - atmufazmfjyyg zdkvf'g rnf o nf h serial keys rQ nmuvpf EdSyfjyD; ay:vmwJh menu rS Permissions udk a&G; cs,fzGifhyg/

- Advanced cvkwfudk zGifh yg/ - tJ'DrSm 'Inherit from parent ...' udk awGU&if uncheck vkyv f u kd yf g/ jyD;&if Remove udk a&G;cs,fjyD; Apply, OK cvk w f r sm;ud k E d S y f y g/ Box rsm;rS xGufyg/ - Desktop jrifuGif; atmuf buf system tray ay:u Kaspersky icon udk armufpf nmuvpf E d S y f j yD ; Exit to close Kaspersky odYk r[kwf Exit udk a&G;cs,fvdkufyg/ - Kaspersky udk run yg/ Kaspersky icon onf teD a&mif icon r[kwfawmhbJ rD;cdk;a&mifrIefjyjy jzpfaeyg r,f/ - ¤if;onf Kaspersky activate rjzpfwJh oabmyg/ 'gayr,fh ¤if;onf &mcdkifEIef; jynfh tvkyfvkyfygvdrhfr,f/ ,cktcg tifwmeuf 0ufbf qd k u f r sm;ü Kaspersky aqmhzf0Judk b,fvdkMumMum oH;k Edik w f ,fqw kd hJ taMumif;udk &SmazG zwf½IEdkifygw,f/

atmufwb dk m? 2008 171

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz Hacker

taMumif; waphwapmif;

Q ]]Hacker awGu tifwmeuf ydkaumif;vmzdkY qdjk yD; aqmhz0f aJ wGukd free ay; vdkY tJ'D aqmhzf0JawGudk oHk;rd wmeJY hack cH&Edkifw,f}} vdkY zwfvdkufygw,f/ Hacker awG vkyx f m;wJh website oD; oefY &dyS govm;/ Oyrm ud, k f u Google search box rSm 'How to speed up ADSL'

vdYk ½du k rf ,f/ 'Dtcg usvmwJh site awGxJu tcsKdU site rsm; [m hacker website awG jzpf Edkifygovm;/ Google u hacker site awGudk ppfxkwf ay;ygovm;/ Google u aum ,Hk&ygovm;/ aemufjyD; ADSL connection udk ydkjyD; jrefvm atmif speed up vkyfay;wJh aqmhzf0J&dSygovm;/ ajzMum; ay;apvkdygw,f/ OD;wifarmifO;D (jyifO;D vGi)f

ygvdkY aMunmr,frxifyg/ aemufwpfcsufu ][ufum} vdkY qdkwdkif; ]qdk;wJh t"dyÜm,f r[kwfyg/} uGefysLwm enf; ynmudk b,fvkd Edu I Ef u Id cf Rwf cRwaf vhvmEdik w f ,f? b,fvkd hack vkyfEdkifw,fqdkwmudk azmfjyMuwmyg/ Black hacker eJY white hacker qdkjyD; cGJjcm;Munhf&ygvdrfhr,f/ Black hacker rsm;onf website twkta,miftae eJY tjcm;olrsm;&JU tcsuf tvufrsm;udk &,lwwfw,f vdkY Mum;zl;ygw,f/ Oyrm bPfvkyfief;wpfck&JU website yHkpHwlatmifvkyfjyD; oifh xH tD;ar;vfydkYygr,f/ oifh bPfvufusef odef; 50 jzpf aeygjyD/ ppfaq;Munhfyg qdk wmrsKd;yg/ wu,fwrf; oifh aiGu odef; 20 om jzpfyg

A ][ufum} qdkwJh pum;vH k ; eJ Y ywf o uf v d k Y t"dyÜm,f zGifhqdk&mrSm tvGef us,f j yef Y wmud k awG U &yg w,f/ ¤if;twGuf ]]Hacker taMumif; waphwapmif;}} qdk jyD; oD;jcm; aqmif;yg;a&; xm;ygw,f/ Hacker awG vkyx f m;wJh website &,f v d k Y oD ; oef Y rawGUrdyg/ uRefawmf em; rvnfwmvnf; jzpfygvdrfh r,f/ Hacker awG udk,fwdkif uawmh olwdkY&JU website

172

uGefysLwm*sme,f

w,f/ 'gudk oifu tD;ar;vf rSef? rrSef rppfawmhbJ odvdk aZmeJY bPfaiGpm&if;udk ½dkuf xnfhjyD; ppfaq;rdygr,f/ 'Denf;eJY oifh bPf account number udk &,l oGm;ygvdrfh r,f/ tifwmeuf (tGefvdkif;) oHk;olrsm;onf [ufumawG udk wHcg;zGifhay;xm;wmeJY twlwlyg/ olwdkYtwGuf 0if p&mvrf;awG trsm;MuD; &dSyg w,f/ Free ay;wJh aqmhzf0J rsm;uvnf; wG,u f yf 0ifEikd f ygw,f/ Oyrm oifh&JU tD; ar;vf vdyfpmudk ½dkufxnfh

ay;yg/ IP eH y gwf u d k azmfjyay;ygqdkjyD; awmif; wwfygw,f/ oifhxHrS 0if aygufwpfckckudk &,lvdkuf jcif;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ Google onf search engine jzpfvdkY tifwmeuf oHk;olrsm;u &Smcsifwm rSef orQudk &Smay;rSmyg/ Web browser rsm;uom 0ufbf qdu k rf sm;udk ppfaq;jcif;? ydwf jcif ; rsm; jyKvk y f a y;Ed k i f y g w,f/ Google onf G-mail udk filter vkyaf y;Edi kw f ,fvYkd qdyk g w,f/ [uf u m tEÅ & m,f u d k umuG,fzdkY enf;vrf;rsm;udk tifwmeufrmS &SmEdik yf gw,f/ ¤if ; twG u f &S n f r S m pd k ; vd k Y ra&;awmhyg/ 0ufbfqdkuf tcsKd U ud k nT e f ; ay;vd k u f y g w,f/ (How to Protect Your Website from Hacker Attacks) http://www. ehow.com/how_4434719_ protect-website-hackerattacks.html. (Protect Your Computer from hackers) http://gnwda.

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz org/protection.htm. (How to protect your computer from hackers) http://www. helium.com/knowledge/ 25551-how-to-protectyour-computer-fromhackers. ADSL connection udk ydkjyD; jrefvmatmif speed up

vk y f a y;wJ h enf ; vrf ; od k Y r[kwf aqmhzf0JawG rsm;pGm &dS ygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh DSL speed v4.5 (www.dslspeed.org),Tweak MAS TER 2.50 (www.tweak

System restore

master.com), Speed Con nect Internet Accelerator v.7.5 ponf jzpf y gw,f /

wu,f jref? rjrefawmh rprf; zl;yg/ Internet Download Manager udkvnf; toHk; rsm;Muygw,f/ tifwmeuf 0ufbfqdkuf wpf c k r S m awG U &wJ h e nf ; u window size udk wdk;ay;&ef jzpfygw,f/ ¤if;twGuf - Start/Run... rSm regedit vdkY ½dkufyg/ - HKEY_LOCAL_ MACHINE\SYSTEM

zdv k 'f gukd zGirhf &yg

Q uRefr uGefysLwm &JU C: eJY D: tydkif;awGrSm azsmufxm;wJh zdkvf'grsm;udk azmf x k w f w J h t cg System Volume Information qdkwJh zdkvf'gudk awGU&ygw,f/ ¤if; udk zGiMhf unh&f mr&bJ 'C:\Sys tem Volume Information is not accessible. Access is denied.' vdkY jyygw,f/ ¤if;

zdkvf'grsm;onf ta&;MuD;yg ovm;/ wu,fvdkY zGifhMunhf csi&f if b,fvkd vky&f ygovJ/ A

System Volume Information (SVI) zdkvf'g onf System Restore jyK

odkYr[kwf zdkvf'gwpfck jzpfyg w,f/ wu,fvdkY uGefysLwm rSm System Restore udk enable vkyx f m;&if ¤if;zdv k 'f gxJ odkY backup tcsuftvuf rsm; 0ifaeygvdrfhr,f/ uRef awmf awGU&oavmuf 2GB

\CurrentControlSet\ Services\Tcpip\Parameters

zkdvf'grsm;odkY tqifhqifh zGifh yg/ - Parameters udk armufpf nmuvpf EdSyfjyD; New/DWORD Value udk a&G;cs,f yg/ - jrifuGif;nmbufrSm wpfck ay:vmjyD ; ¤if ; wG i f Tcp WindowSize vdYk trnf ½du k f xnfah y;yg/ Enter udk EdyS yf g/ - aemufwpfcg tJ'D trnf ae&mudk armufpfuvpf ESpf csufEdSyfjyD; ay:vmwJh Edit

uae 3GB tMum; ae&m,l wwfygw,f/ 0if;'dk;pfpepf&JU zdkvf'gjzpfvdkY rzsufoifhyg/ ¤if; SVI zdv k 'f gudk zGirhf &wm Administrator r[kwv f Ykdyg/ Administrator tjzpf 0ifjyD; zGifhMunfhEdkifygw,f/ 'grS r [k w f rjzpf r ae zGiMhf unhcf sifw,fq&kd if yxr Tools/Folder Options.. u

String (box) &JU Value data:

rSm 32767 vdkY xnfhay;yg/ OK udk EdSyfyg/ - Box rsm;udk ydwfjyD; uGef ysLwmudk restart jyefvkyfyg/ ¤if; window size &JU wefzdk;udk wdk;vdkufjcif;jzifh connection ydk jref? rjref udk rodyg/ tifwmeuf 0ufbf qdu k f http://windowsitpro. com/article/articleid/ 16192/how-can-i-speedup-my-adsl-line-connection.html uae ul;,lazmfjy

vdkufjcif;om jzpfygw,f/

ae View odYk ajymif;jyD; Show hidden files and folders udk zGifhyg/ System Volumn Information zdkvf'gudk jrif& ygr,f/ ¤if;zdv k 'f gudk armufpf nmuvpf EdSyfjyD; Sharing and Security udk uvpfvkyf zGifhyg/ Box yGifhvm&if Network sharing and security xJu Share this folder on the network udk trSwfjcpf

a&G;cs,fvdkufyg/ 'gqdk&if zGifhMunhfEdkifygjyD/ wu,fvdkY uGeyf sLwmrSm ae&mtcuftcJ jzpfw,f? rjzpfrae ae&m jyefyckd sifw,fq&kd ifawmh zsuf Edkifygw,f/ change (Text Document) qdw k hJ zdik w f pfzikd f udk csefxm;&ygvdrfhr,f/

vkyfay;zdkY&m tcsuftvuf rsm;udk odkavSmifay;xm;wJh 0if;'dk;pfpepf&JU tpdwftydkif;

atmufwb dk m? 2008 173

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Hacker

taMumif; waphwapmif;

tifwmeuf odkYr[kwf uGefysLwm e,fy,frSm [ufumrsm; 'ku©ay;aewm MumygjyD/ tckaemufydkif; vlodrsm;vmjyD; vkyfaqmifcsufawGvnf; qdk;0g;vmw,fvdkY ajym&ygr,f/ cufwmu ][ufum} qdk&if raumif;wmbJvdkY jrifaeMuwmyg/ wu,fwrf;wGif [ufum qdo k nfrmS . . .

[ufum \ t"dymÜ ,f zGiq hf ckd suf t*Fvdyf-jrefrm tbd"mefrsm;wGif ][ufum} \ t"dymÜ ,fukd 'Dvzkd iG q hf Mkd u ygw,f/ Hack (vrf;aMumif;) ckwf xGio f nf/ ckwx f pfonf/ odr;f usKH;uef onf/ Hacker (comp:) uGefysLwm enf;ynmudk oHk;um rdrdESifh roufqdkif aom tjcm;uGefysLwmrS tcsuftvuf rsm;udk 0ifa&muf Munhfol? aESmifh,Suf zsufqD;ol? &,lol? cdk;,lol [lí jzpf ygw,f/ tbd"meftrsm;pkwGif Hacker udk t"dyÜm,f ESpfrsKd; zGifhqdkMuygw,f/ (1) uGefysLwm odkYr[kwf enf;ynm (aqmhzf0J odkYr[kwf [mh'f0J) rSm tvGef pdw0f ifpm;ol? jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Si;f csif ol? 0goemMuD;ol? y½dk*&rf a&;qGJol ponf? (2) olwpfyg;\ uGefysLwm pepfxo J Ykd w&m;0if tcGirhf &aomfvnf; MudK;pm;0ifo?l 0ifa&muf arTaESmufMunhf ½IolvdkY qdkygw,f/

174

uGefysLwm*sme,f

[ufum qdkonfrSm [ufum (hacker) [laom pum; vH;k onf ]]uRr;f usiv f rd rf maom y½d*k &rf a&;om;ol}} jzpfí 'hacking' odkYr[kwf 'good hack' onf ]]uGefysLwm y½dk*&rf qdkif&m jyóemrsm;udk uRrf;usifpGm ajz &Sif;jcif;}} [k t"dyÜm,f zGifhMuygw,f/ tcsKdUu uGeyf sLwmenf;ynmudk omref xuf xl;uJpGm pdwf0ifpm;ol? EdIufEdIuf cRwfcRwf pl;prf;avhvmolvdkY qdkMuyg w,f/ emrnfaumif;&xm;wJh pum;vH;k yg/ [ufumrsm;onf uGefysLwm oHk; ae&&if olwdkY b0twGuf aysmfaew,f qdkwJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;yg/ rdkufu½dkaqmhzf ukrÜPDudk wnfaxmifcJhwJh Bill Gates onf [ufumwpfOD; jzpfw,fvdkYqdkyg w,f/ 1975 ckESpf aemufydkif;rSm wpfOD; csif;oHk;EdkifwJh uGefysLwm ay:aygufcJhyg w,f/ tar&duefEikd if H qDvu D eG f awmif Mum;t&yfu Homebrew Computer Club rSm uGefysLwm 0goem&SifawG tawmf pka0;rdMuygw,f/ olwdkYonf [ufumrsm; jzpfMuygw,f/ tJ'x D u J rS Steve Jobs eJY Steve Wozniak wdYkonf txl;jcm;qHk; [ufumrsm; jzpfygw,f/ olwdkY ESpfOD;aMumifh Apple uGefysLwm ukrÜPD ay:aygufcJhwmyg/

[ufum ed'ge;f wu,fawmh [ufum qdw k hJ pum; vHk;udk MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) &JU artificial intelligence lab u pjyD; oHk;cJhygw,f/ xdktcsdefrsm;u uGefysLwmpufrsm;odkY y½dk*&rfrsm;udk 'DZdkif;xkwf xnfhay;wJh txl; uRrf;usifol ynm&Sifrsm;udk qdkvdkygw,f/ 1970 jynfhESpfrSm tar&duefEdkifiH om; John T. Draper (1944 ckEpS f arG;) u ta0;ajymw,fvDzkef;rsm;udk aiGukef usjcif; r&dSbJ 'Captain Crunch' vdkY trnf&wJh pufuav;wpfv;kH udk wDxiG f um vQKd U0Suq f ufo, G af jymqdck yhJ gw,f/ tJ'gudk zrf;rdcJhvdkY phone hackers (phreaks) qdkwJh pum;vHk; acwfpm;cJh ygw,f/ uGefysLwmacwf a&mufawmh hacker ayghAsm/

Captain Zap odrYk [kwf yxrqH;k

ta&;,l cH&ol [ufum wpfO;D

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG Pat Riddle (Captain Zap) qdkol

onf w,fvDzkef;pepfrsm;udk taESmifh t,SufjyKjcif;? tpdk;& uGefysLwmrsm;rS tcsuftvufrsm;udk [ufuif (hacking) vkyf cdk;,ljcif;eJY uGefysLwmukrÜPD rsm;udk ESpt f wefMum 'kua© y;cJyh gw,f/ tJ't D wGuf 1981 ckEpS rf mS olYukd zrf;qD; ta&;,lcv hJ Ykd Pat onf yxrqH;k ta&; ,lcH&wJh [ufumwpfOD; jzpfcJhygw,f/ 1990 jynfEh pS f aemufyikd ;f umvrsm; rSm ][ufum} [laom pum;vHk;onf trnfq;kd wpfct k jzpf xif&mS ;vmcJyh gjyD/ Hacker uae cracker jzpfvmw,f qdkygawmh/ ]]uGefysLwmpepfwpfckodkY rqdik o f l 0ifvYkd r&bl;qdw k mudk &atmif 0ifcsifwJhpdwfeJY MudK;pm; 0ifa&mufMunhf &mu ol 'Dvkd 0ifvYkd&wmudk um,uH&iS f odatmif wpfckckvkyfcJhMuygw,f/ tp uawmh vufwnfhprf;½Hk? aESmifh,Suf½Hk uae aemufydkif;rSm wu,fhudk zsufvdk zsufqD;jyKvkyfjcif;? tcsuftvufrsm; udk &SmazGMunhfjcif;? pD;yGm;ysufatmif vkyjf cif;? aiGaMu;cd;k ,ljcif;rsm;txd vkyf aqmifvmcJhMuygw,f/ Cyber crime udk usL;vGefvmMuygw,f/

[ufum Jonathan James

qdk;0g;wJh [ufumorm; qdk;0g;wJh trnf &cJhol [ufum orm;wpfO;D tjzpf Jonathan James udk azmfjyygr,f/ olYudk 1983 ckESpfrSm arG; zGm;cJhygw,f/ olonf touf 16 ESpf t&G,frSm [ufumtrIeJY tusOf;uscH &ol vli,fav;wpfOD; jzpfcJhygw,f/ ol[m emqmeJY umuG,fa&;at*sifpD wdkY&JU server rsm;rS nTefMum;csufrsm;udk tGefvdkif;uae xkwf,lcJhw,fvdkY qdkyg w,f/ Kevin David Mitnick (1963 ckEpS af rG;)onfvnf; [ufum odYkr[kwf Black hacker orm;tjzpf trnf xif &Sm;cJholyg/ ol[m uGefysLwmuGef&uf awGudk csKd;azmuf 0ifa&mufrI? aqmhzf0J rsm; w&m;r0iful;,la&mif;csrIeJY ta&; ,lcH&ygw,f/ axmif'Pf 5 ESpf tjypf uscH&jyD; tcktcg 'Mitnick Security Consulting' ukrP Ü u D kd wnfaxmifum uGefysLwmvHkjcHKrIqdkif&m tMuHay;tjzpf vkyfudkifaeygw,f/ ][ufum } rSm qd;k wmcsn;f r[kwyf g 'gayr,fh tqd;k csn;f r[kwb f J tjyK oabm vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;vnf; &dSae vdkY black hacker eJY white hacker qdk jyD; cGJjcm;Muygw,f/ Black Hacker onf wpfyg;olrsm;&JU network awGu wpfqifh PC, workstation, server xJudk enf;vrf;toG,foG,f? 0ifayguf trsKd;rsKd;uae 0ifa&mufx;kd azmufMujyD; vdkcsifwJh owif; tcsuftvufrsm;udk cdk;,ljcif;? bPf aiGpm&if;udk Munhfjcif; ponf udk,fusKd;twGuf jyKvkyfMuwm yg/ White Hacker onf ¤if; black hacker rsm; wdkufcdkufvmrIudk b,fvdk ckcH umuG,f&r,fqdkwmudk pl;prf; avh vmjcif;? apmifhMunhfjcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyf Muygw,f/ White Hacker rsm;onf trsm; tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf rdrd ynmeJY

umuG,af y;jcif; odYkr[kwf umuG,af y; &wmudk 0goemygolrsm;vdkY qdkEdkifyg w,f/ Black hacker eJY white hacker udk black hat eJY white hat vdkYvnf; a&; ygw,f/ ¤if;onf 'Western movie' ½ky&f iS Zf mwfvrf;wGrJ sm;rS Zmwfaqmifrsm; udk ay;xm;wJh trnfvdkY qdkygw,f/ Black hat u ADvdef (vlqdk;) yg/ tjrJ wrf; teufa&mif OD;xkyu f kd aqmif;xm; ygw,f/ White hat u ol&Jaumif;yg/ tjzLa&mif OD;xkyfudk aqmif;ygw,f/ olwdkY&JU tjyKtrlrsm;twdkif; uGefysLwm e,fy,frmS black hat hacker eJY white hat hacker qdkjyD; wifpm; cGJjcm;Muwm yg/ uJ uGefysLwm 0goem&Sif vli,f rsm;odkY black hacker vkyfcsifwmvm;? white hacker vkyc f sifwmvm;vdYk ar;& ygr,f/ uGefysLwme,fy,fu ynm&Sif rsm;uvnf; olwdkYawGudk white hats odkYr[kwf ethical hackers odkYr[kwf vlYusifh0wfESifhudkufnDaom [ufum av;awG jzpfatmif vrf;aMumif;ay;zdkY awmh vdkygr,f/ tifwmeufrS owif;rsm;udk qDavsmaf tmif jyefqakd &;om;ygonf/

Ek0d ifbm? 2008 175

Java Developer Guide

Chapter (7) 7.2 WORKING WITH METHODS AND EVENTS tck ydkYcsay;r,fh oifcef;pmrSmuawmh event-handling method &JU structure awG&,f? tJ'D methods awGudk toHk; jyKjyD;awmh program awGrmS xnho f iG ;f toH;k jyKMuwmayghaemf/ tckvuf&Sd oifcef;pm rwkdifrDrSmawmh getSource ( ) method udk toHk;jyKcJhwmudk awGU&rSmyg/ 'D method [mqkd &if b,ftrsKd;tpm; event object awGrSmrqkd determine vkyf&mrSm xnhfoGif; toHk;csvkdY &ygw,f/ Action Events Action Events awGqw dk muawmh user bufu awmif;

qkdcsufudk jznhfoGif;ay;r,fh vkyfaqmifcsufawGukd jzpfyGm;ap wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ Action events taeeJY toHk;csvdkY&r,fh components awGuawmh atmufyg components awGyJjzpf ygw,f/ JButton, JChockBox, JComboBox, JTextField, or JRadioButton Class wpfcu k kd zefw;D &mrSm ActionListener interface udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh implement vkyfxm;&rSmyg/ 'g[m events awGudk handle vkyfEdkifzdkYtwGufygyJ/ addActionListener( ) method udk jyD;cJhwJh ta&SUoifcef;pmrSm toHk;cs

zl;jyD;om;yg/ tajccHtaMumif;t&mawGudkvnf; &Sif;jycJhjyD; om;yg/ 'D method [m ac:,ltoHk;csxm;wJh components awG&JU oufqkdif&m action event tvkduf pDpOfay;wmygyJ/ ta&SUoifcef;pmrSm &Sif;jyay;cJhovdkygyJ/ ActionPerformed ( ActionEvent) method [m qkd&if ActionListener interface xJrSm yg0ifwJh method jzpfygw,f/ olY&JU form udk a&;jy&&ifawmh atmufygtwkdif;ygyJ/

176

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Sample: public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent evt){ // . . . . }

jyD;cJw h hJ oifcef;pmrSm &Si;f jycJjh yD;om;tcsuaf wGukd jyef&iS ;f jyay;aewmyg/ 'Dawmh jyD;cJhwJhoifcef;pmawGrSm em;rvnfcJh wmawG&cdS &hJ if pmzwfot l aeeJY tvG,w f ul tESpcf sKyfjyD; avh vmvdkY &jyDayghaemf/ uJ 'Dawmh qufvufjyD;awmh Adjustment Events udk qufvuf avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ Adjustment Events • AdjustmentListener - Adjustment events, which are generated when a component is adjusted, such as when the knob of a scrollbar is moved ta&SUrSmwke;f u txufygtwkid ;f AdjustmentListener eJY ywfoufjyD;awmh a&;om;ay;cJhygw,f/ trSefuawmh Adjustment events [m JScrollBar Components tay: rSmyJ tusKd;oufa&mufrI &SdapEdkifwmygyJ/ tjcm; components awGeJY roufqkdifygbl;/ 'gaMumifhaddAdjustmentListener(

)-JScrollBar

Components

vdkY wkduf½kduf owfrSwfay;cJhygw,f/ Adjustment events [m JScrollBar components udk toH;k jyK&mrSm moved vkyEf ikd zf YkdtwGuf bar ay:rSm yg0ifwhJ arrows av;awGudk toHk;jyK&w,f/ tJ'Dae&mrSm 'D events [m 0ifa&mufjyD;awmh xdef;csKyfwmygyJ/ 'D events udk toHk;

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm jyKcsif&if a&;om;wJh Class rSm AdjustmentListener interface udk implement vkyf&rSmygyJ/ uJ 'gqk&d ifawmh olY&UJ interface xJrmS yg0ifwJh method udk avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ Adjustment Value Change (AdjustmentEvent) method [mqkd&if Adjustment Listener interface xJrSm yg0ifwJh wpfckwnf;aom method yJ jzpfygw,f/ olY&JU Sample form uawmh atmufygtwkdif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ Sample: public void adjustmentValueChanged (AdjustmentEvent evt) { // ..... }

tcka&;jycJhwJh sample form [mqkd&if AdjustmentListener Interface xJrmS yg0ifwhJ method udk ac:,ltoH;k cs &r,fh method_form yHkpHygyJ/ 'D method eJY ywfoufjyD; awmhrS program a&;om;jyD;awmh &Sif;jyay;yghr,f/ 'Dawmh Listing 7.2 taeeJY a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;wJh Demonstrate the Adjustment Event qkdwJh program udk avhvmMunhfMu&atmifvm;/ Code_Line awGudk a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ Listing 7.2 Demonstrate the Adjustment Events 1 . import java.awt.event.*; 2 . import java.swing.*; 3 . import java.awt.*; 4. 5 . public class WellAdjusted extends JFrame implements AdjustmentListener{ 6 . JTextField value = new JTextField (''50", 30); 7 . JScrollBar bar = new JScrollBar (SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL, 8 . 50, 10, 0, 100); 9. 10. public WellAdjusted ( ) { 11. super("Well Adjusted"); 12. setSize(350,100); 13. setDefault CloseOperation (JFrame.EXIT_ ON_CLOSE) 14. bar addAdjustmentListener (this); 15. Value.SetHorizontal Alignment (SwingConstants.CENTER); 16. Value.SetEditable (false); 17. JPanel pane = new JPanel ( ) ; 18. pane.setlayout (new BorderLayout( )); 19. pane.add(Value, ''Center"); 20. pane.add(bar, "South"); 21. setContentPane (pane); 22. }

23. 24. public static void main (String[] arguments) { 25. JFrame frame = new WellAdjusted ( ); 26. frame.show ( ); 27. } 28. 29. public void adjustment value changed (AdjustmentEvent evt) { 30. Object Source = evt.getSource ( ); 31. if (source = = bar) { 32. int newValue = bar.getValue ( ); 33. value.setText( " " x newValue); 34. } 35. repaint ( ); 36. } 37. }

uJ tck a&;jycJhwJh program rSmqkd&if AdjustmentListener Interface udk xnho f iG ;f toH;k jyKxm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSm yg/ 'gaMumifh t&ifqHk; Code_Line awGudk Analysis vkyf MunfhMu&atmifvm;/ Analysis 1/ 'D program rSm package file ( 3) ckudk xHk;pHtwkdif; import & Declare vkyfxm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ tJ'g

awGuawmhjava.awt.event.*; javax.swing.*; java.awt.*;

qkdwJh package files awGygyJ/ jyD;awmh WellAdjusted qkw d hJ primary class udk zefw;D a&;om;ygw,f/ zefw;D &m rSm JFrame class udk extends vkyfxm;jyD;awmh AdjustmentListener Interface udk implements vkyfxm; ygw,f/ 'DtcsufawGudk txl;*½kpkdufjyD;awmhrS avhvm yg/ tJ'D primary class xJrSmrS JTextField wpfckeJY JScrollBar wpfckwdkYudkzefwD;ygw,f/ vdkif;eHygwf (6) (7) (8) rSmyg/ tJ'gukd a&;om;xm;wmudk atmufyg twkdif; jrif&rSmyg/ JTextField value = new JTextField (''50", 30); JScrollBar bar = new JScrollBar (SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL, (50, 10, 0, 100);

tJ'Daemuf vkdif;eHygwf (10)rSmuawmh WellAdjusted Class &JU constructor function udk a&;om;xm;wmudk awGU&rSmyg/ vkdif;eHygwf (11) rSmawmh Title Bar rSm yg0if&r,fh pmom;twGufsuper("Well Adjusted");

Edk0ifbm? 2008 177

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm qkdjyD;awmhrS super ( ) method udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh a&; om;ygw,f/ ay:&r,fh JFrame_Windows twGufu awmh setSize( ) method udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh a&;om;yg w,f/ vkdif;eHygwf (11)rSmyg/ setSize (350, 100);

'Dawmh JFrame &JUt&G,ftpm;uawmh width = 350, height = 100 t&G,ftpm;eJYzefwD;vkdufwmygyJ/ uJ jyD; awmh JFrame udk ydwfypfvdkY&atmif setDefaultCloseOperation ( )method udk xnho f iG ;f toH;k csxm;ygw,f/ tJ'D method udk a&;om;xm;wmuawmh vkdif;eHygwf (13)rSmyg/ uJ 'Dtxd &Sif;jyDaemf/ 2/ jyD;awmh vkdif;eHygwf(14)rSmawmh addAdjustment-Listener ( ) method udk a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ 'Dae&mrSmbar.addAdjustmentListener(this);

vkYd a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ Bar qkw d muawmh vkdif;eHygwf (7)rSm zefwD;cJhwJh JScrollBar Component &JU variable_Name (or) Object_Name ygyJ/ 'gaMumifh Object_ Name cHjyD;rS ac:,lxm;wmygyJ/ tck a&;om;cJh wJh addAdjustmentListener ( ) method aMumifh JScroll Bar [m moved vkyaf y;Eki d af tmif zefw;D ay;wm ygyJ/ vdkif;eHygwf (15)rSmawmhvalue.setHorizontalAligment

(Swing-

Constants.(CENTER);

vkdY a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmygyJ/ 'g[m JTextudk,fpm;vS,f Object_Name udk toHk;jyKjyD; awmh ac:,lxm;wmygyJ/ 'D method ( ) [m JTextField udk JFrame_Windows &JUtv,frmS Horizontal Alignment taeeJY JScrollBar eJYtnD wyfqifxm;wmyJ jzpfyg w,f/ jyD;awmh 'D JTextField xJrSm yg0ifwJh wefzkd; odkYr[kwf pmom;awGudk user bufuae xyfrH½kdufoGif; jyD;awmh jyKjyifvkdYr&atmif Field &JU

value.SetEditable(false);

qdjk yD;awmhrS a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'gudk owdxm;jyD;awmh avhvmMunhfyg/ jyD;awmh JPanel Class udk pane qkdjyD;rS Object_Name ay;jyD;awmh zefwD;vkdufygw,f/ tJ'D aemuf JPanel Class xJrSm yg0ifvmwhJ setLayout ( ) method, add( )method tp&SdwmawGudk ac:,l toHk;cs ygw,f/ 'gawGukd vdik ;f eHygwf (18) (19) (20)rSm a&;om; xm;wmawGudk awGYjrif&rSmyg/ jyD;awmhrS setContentPane ( ) method xJ udk xnho f iG ;f jyD;awmhrS toH;k csxm;

178

uGefysLwm*sme,f

wmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ 'g[m WellAdjusted Class &JU constructor function ygyJ/ 3/ vdkif;eHygwf (24) rSmawmh main ( )function udk a&;om; xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D main ( ) function udk ravhvmcif rSmawmh AdjustmentListener Interface xJrSm yg0ifwJh adjustmentValue Changed ( ) method udk t&if avh vmMunhMf u&atmif/ tJ'D method udk vkid ;f eHygwf (29)rSm a&;om;xm;wmyg/ tJ'x D rJ mS a&;om;xm;wJh code_line awGudk avhvmMunhfMu&atmifObject Source = evt.getSource ( );

'Dawmh Object [m source vdkY trnfay;jyD;awmh Adjustment Event &JU getSource ( ) method eJY nd§,lyg w,f/ tJ'Daemufif wu,fvdkYrsm; JScrollbar [m source eJY nDcJh&if test_expression vkyfygw,f/ 'gaMumifhif (source = = bar) trSefuawmh JScrollbar udk bar vdkY vdkif;eHygwf (7)rSm ay;cJw h maemf/ 'Dawmh tJ'v D kd expression udk ppfaq;vdu k f vdkY nDcJh&ifayghaemf brace { xJudk 0ifoGm;rSmyg/ Brace xJudk a&mufoGm;&if int data type udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS newvalue udk Declare vkyfygw,f/ tJ'D newvalue eJY JScrollbar &JU getSource ( ) method eJY nd§,lygw,f/ jyD;awmh value. setText (" "+ new value); qkjd yD;rS tvkyf

vkyfckdif;xm;ygw,f/ trSew f u,fuawmh 'Dtvky[ f m if statement &JU block { xJrSm &SdaewmawGaemf/ wu,fvdkYrsm; if statement eJY test vkyv f u dk v f YkdrnDc&hJ if 'Dtvkyaf wGu0kd ifjyD;awmh tvkyf vkyfrSm r[kwfygbl;/ tJ'D if block &JU close barce} udk vdkif;eHygwf (34)rSm a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ jyD;awmh repaint ( ) method udk toHk;csxm;ygw,f/ Note : repaint ( )method - That method ( ) is needed so the frame is redrawn after any title, any changes that might have occured in the method. Repaint ( ) method eJYywfoufjyD;awmh jyD;cJw h hJ oifcef;

pmrSm r&Si;f vif;cJ&h wJt h wGuf tckrS xnho f iG ;f &Si;f jy&wmygyJ/ zefw;D xm;wJh JFrame ay:rSmjzpfap wpfcck k tajymif;tvJjzpf oGm;jyDqkd&if jyefjyD;rS redrawn vkyfzdkYtwGuf 'D repaint ( ) method udk toHk;csxm;wmygyJ/ 'gqkd&ifawmh &Sif;oGm;jyD aemf/ 4/ 'Dawmh main ( ) function udk avhvmMu&atmif/ vkdif; eHygwf (24) rSm a&;xm;wmaemf/ tJ'D main ( ) function

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm xJrSm tay:rSm zefwD;cJhwJh WellAdjusted Class udk JFrame Class eJY nd§,ljyD;rS Frame qkdwJh object tjzpf zefw;D vku d w f mygyJ/ jyD;awmh tJ'D object_Name eJY toH;k csjyD;awmh JFrame Class xJu show ( )method udk ac:,l toH;k csygw,f/ Main ( ) function xJrmS a&;om; xm;wmuawmh 'gygyJ/ uJ tck a&;jycJhwJh Demonstrate the Adjustment Events qkdwJh oifcef;pmudk Analysis vkyfjyD;awmh &Sif;jyay; jyD;oGm;ygjyD/ 'Dawmh tck &Sif;jycJhwJh code_line awGudk CD xJuyJ Copy ul;,lwmyJ jzpfjzpf? pmzwfoludk,fwkdifyJ ½dkuf oGif;jyD;rSyJ jzpfjzpf program wnfaqmufyg/ Start → Program → Accessories → Notepad xJrSm oGm;jyD;awmh code_line awGudk a&;om;&rSmyg/ tJ'Dvdk code_line awGudk a&;om;jyD;oGm;&if File_Name udak wmh WellAdjusted. java qdjk yD;rS save vkyv f u kd yf g/ tJ'v D rdk sKd; code_line awG a&;om; xm;jyD;awmh save vkyfxm;yHkudk Figure 7.6 taeeJY a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ Save vkyf&rSmuawmh C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\ bin &JU atmufxJrSmaemf/

Accessories-Command Prompt udk awmif;yg/ 'DtcgrSm yGifhvmwJh command_line interface xJrSmrS atmufyg twkdif; command_line eJY DIR udk change vkyfyg/ CD C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin ↵ uJ 'DtcgrSmawmh DIR [m change jzpfomG ;ygjyD/ 'Dawmh atmufyg command eJY compile vkyfyg/ javaC WellAdjusted.java ↵ tJ'D command_line eJY Compile vkyfvdkufvdkY error r&Sdbl;qkd&ifawmh atmufyg command eJY Run vkyfvkdufyg

OD;/ [kwfjyDaemf/ java WellAdjusted

↵

tJ'v D rkd sKd; Compile & Run vkyx f m;yHu k kd Figure 7.7 taeeJY a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

Figure 7.7 Compile & Run of the WellAdjusted.java

uJ txufrmS azmfjyay;xm;wJh Figure 7.8 xJutwdik ;f Compile & Run vkyfvkduf&ifawmh atmufrSm azmfjyxm;wJh twkdif; program &JU Output [m atmufygtwkdif; vmjyD; awmh azmfjyay;vmrSmygyJ/ 'g[m JScrollBar ukd response jzpfatmif a&;om;xm;wJh program type ygyJ/ avhvmMunhf yg/ JTextField wpfcek YJ JScrollBar wpfcu k kd toH;k jyKjyD;awmh a&;om;xm;wJh program yJ jzpfygw,f/

Figure 7.8 Run the program, WellAdjusted.java Figure 7.6 Write the program code_line in the Notepad, WellAdjusted.java

uJ tck azmfjyxm;wmuawmh wellAdjusted.java qkjd yD; awmhrS File_Name ay;jyD;awmh save vkyfxm;wJhyHkygyJ/ uJ jyD;&ifawmh tJ'D file udk Compile & Run vkyjf yD;awmh avhvm Mu&atmifvm;/ 'Dawmh pmzwfoltaeeJY Start-Programs

tcka&;om;azmfjycJw h hJ Figure 7.8 uawmh tay:rSm a&; om;cJhwJh program udk vufawGU Run jyD;awmh avhvmMunhf wmygyJ/ tck qufvufjyD;awmhrS User udk Respones jyef ay;Ekdifatmif a&;om;&wJh program type awGudk qufvuf avhvmMuwmayghaemf/ KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

Edk0ifbm? 2008 179