10 Chem Rate Lab 1

Exploring the Effects of Surface Area of Aluminum foil on Amount of Gas Created Question What is the effect of surface area on rate of reaction? Hypothesis If we increase the surface area of the aluminum foil then the amount of gas created will increase. I think this because a larger surface area allows more aluminum foil to be corroded by the acid resulting in a longer chemical reaction that gives off a greater amount of gas. Experimental Design Control

Experimental

Experimental

Experimental

Experimental

Group

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

6x2 Aluminum Foil

5x2 Aluminum Foil

4x2 Aluminum Foil

6 M HCl

6 M HCl

6 M HCl

1 Beaker

1 Beaker

1 Beaker

3x2 Aluminum Foil 2x2 Aluminum Foil 6 M HCl

6 M HCl

1 Beaker

1 Beaker

1 Graduated Cylinder 1 Graduated Cylinder

1 Graduated Cylinder

1 Graduated Cylinder 1 Graduated Cylinder

Rubber Tubing

Rubber Tubing

Rubber Tubing

Rubber Tubing

Test Tube

Test Tube

Test Tube

Test Tube

Stopwatch (30 sec) Stopwatch (30 sec)

Stopwatch (30 sec)

Stopwatch (30 sec)

Water

Water

Water

Water

Rubber Tubing Test Tube Stopwatch (30 sec) Water

Manipulated Variable: Surface area of the aluminum foil Responding Variable: Gas produced in ml/sec Controlled Variable: Mass of aluminum foil, type of aluminum foil, 30 seconds amount of time, type of materials

ECC: The 6x2 aluminum foil Trials: 5 Procedure: 1. Gather all materials. 2. Prepare surface area of aluminum foil to be 6x2, 5x2, 4x2, 3x2, and 2x2. 3. Connect the plastic stopper to the dropper end. 4. Connect the rubber tubing onto the stopper. 5. Measure our 6M of HCL and pour into the test tube. 6. Place 6x2 of aluminum foil into the test tube. 7. Close the test tube with the stopper. 8. Fill a beaker full with water 9. Fill a granulated cylinder with water. 8. Slowly submerse the granulated cylinder with water into the beaker with water without letting any water run out of the cylinder (place finger onto the opening ot the cylinder and let go when it’s under water). 9. Set timer to 30 seconds 10. Start timing when air bubbles come out of the rubber tube and reaction is occurring in the test tube. 11. Record how many gas is produced in ml.30 seconds. 12. Repeat steps 6 – 11 with surface areas of 5x2, 4x2, 3x2, 2x2. 13. Repeat entire procedure 5 times to ensure the validity of the data. Data

Control Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Surface Area 6x2 5x2 4x2 3x2

Trial 1 Time (sec) 30 30 30 30

Gas Produced (ml/sec) 8ml/30 6ml/30 4ml/30 3ml/30

Level 4

2x2

Control Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Surface Area 6x2 5x2 4x2 3x2 2x2

Control Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Surface Area 6x2 5x2 4x2 3x2 2x2

Control Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Surface Area 6x2 5x2 4x2 3x2 2x2

Control Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Surface Area 6x2 5x2 4x2 3x2 2x2

Control Level 1 Level 2

Surface Area 6x2 5x2 4x2

30 Trial 2 Time (sec) 30 30 30 30 30 Trial 3 Time (sec) 30 30 30 30 30 Trial 4 Time (sec) 30 30 30 30 30 Trial 5 Time (sec) 30 30 30 30 30 Averages Time (sec) 30 30 30

2ml/30 Gas Produced (ml/sec) 8ml/30 6ml/30 4ml/30 2ml/30 1ml/30 Gas Produced (ml/sec) 7ml/30 6ml/30 5ml/30 2ml/30 2ml/30 Gas Produced (ml/sec) 8ml/30 6ml/30 5ml/30 3ml/30 2ml/30

Gas Produced (ml/sec) 7ml/30 6ml/30 4ml/30 3ml/30 2ml/30 Gas Produced (ml/sec) 7.6ml/30 sec 6ml/30 sec 4.4ml/30 sec

Level 3 Level 4

3x2 2x2

30 30

2.6ml/30 sec 1.8ml/30 sec

Graph

Surface Area

Gas Produced 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1

2

3

4

5

Gas Produced Gas Produced

Surface Area

Conclusion In conclusion my hypothesis was supported. If we increase the surface area of the aluminum foil then the gas produced will increase. The highest point of data on our data chart was 7.6 ml of gas produced in 30 seconds for a surface area of 6x2. The lowest data point on my graph was 1.8ml of gas produced in 30 seconds for a 2x2 surface area. These data points show that the larger surface area was able to produce more gas than the smaller surface area. Sources of error that could’ve occurred are that the gas produced was measured incorrectly because the test tube wasn’t filled with enough water and had air gaps in it when it was submersed into the beaker. This could affect our data because the measurements of total gas produced would be greater than the actual amount of gas produced. Another source of error is that when the gas was being produced, a few ml of gas could have escaped into the beaker instead of going into the test tube, this would affect our data because our measurements of gas produced would be less than the actual amount. Lastly, when changing the surface area of the aluminum foil, our measurements could’ve not been exact and this would affect how much gas would be produced.