1 . The China-pakistan Military Axis - Updated On Sep 09

America is the largest weapons supplier of Pakistan.

True or False ?

False…it is China !

The China-Pakistan Military Axis

Pakistan’s Strategic Friend 

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During every war with Pakistan, China has moved the PLA ( People’s Liberation Army) towards India and thus forced India to divert substantial forces to the Chinese border. Even during the Kargil conflict satellite images showed weapon shipments moving along the Karakoram highway from China into Pakistan.

China is Pakistan’s main weapon supplier. 

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China supplies 70 percent of military aircraft and Main Battle Tanks (MBT) to Pakistan. Almost every missile project in Pakistan has been initiated through active Chinese or North Korean assistance China has supplied Pakistan with over 1,600 main battle tanks, 400 combat aircraft and about 40 naval vessels

Year

Aircraft

Armor/Artillery

Naval Vessels

1965

4 MiG-15 Trainers

80 T-59 MBTs

not known

1966

4 IL-28 Bombers 40 F-6 Fighters

not known

not known

1970-73

80 F-6 Fighters

210 T-59 MBTs 53 T-63 LTs

12 SHANGHAI PBs n 4 HUCHUANta FACs

t s i 159 T-59 MBTs k PBs a 1973-76 15 F-6 Fighters 2 HAINAN P 200 T-531 APCs o t 150 T-59 MBTs s e 1977-79 24 F-4 Fighters not known 200 130 MM TGs pli p 50 122 MM SPHs u s s 150 T-59 m MBTs 2 HAINAN PBs r 1980-82 20 F-6 Fighters 50 a T-60 LTs 4 HEGU FACs l122 MM MRS a 50 n o i 1983-85 42 Q-5 Fighters nt 150 T-59 MBTs 4 HUANGFEN FACs ve 200 T-59 MBTs 1986-88 98 Q-5 Fighters not known n o c 1988-89 60 F-7 Fighters 200 T-59 MBTs 2 ROMEO CLASS e s eknown 1990-92 not 125 T-59 MBTs not known n i h 1992-93 r C not known 97 MBTs not known jo 40 Fighters 1993-94 35 MBTs not known a M

Chinese Military Hardware for Pakistan

T- 85

T-59

T-531 APC

Chinese help to in Nuclear weapon development in Pakistan. 

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In 1980 China provides Pak with nuclear weapon design and highly enriched U. In 1994 or 1995, Chinese Govt. owned subsidiary supplies 5000 ring magnets in violation of NPT. In 1995 China sells dual use technology – diagnostic equipment and industrial furnace- that can be used for Nuclear weapon development.

Pakistan’s ‘indigenous’ missiles.. 

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Collaboration in the area of longer range missiles with the Chinese began once Pakistan became involved in financing Chinese M-9 and M-11 missiles programmes. According to the Deputy Director of the CIA, John E. McLaughlin, North Korea( A Chinese satellite state) transferred the 1,300 km-range Nodong ballistic missile to Pakistan. This was renamed as Haft. India's Scientific Advisor to the Defense Minister states that Pakistan's Babur missile resulted from the transfer of technology from China's state-owned China National Precision Machinery Import and Export Corp. (CPMIEC) to Pakistan's state-owned National Development Complex (NDC).

Chinese hand assists Pak military infrastructure 

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The Light Aircraft Manufacturing Factory (LAMF), another turnkey project completed by China in June 1981, was meant for producing complete airframes and eventual production of light aircraft The Heavy Mechanical Complex (HMC), the biggest undertaking in Pakistan, was set up at Taxila in 1979 with the help of Chinese assistance and expertise The Heavy Forge Factory (HFF) at this complex has proved crucial for Pakistan's defence production needs.

Chinese help in setting up Pak Military infrastructure 

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China helped build the Heavy Rebuild Factory (HRF) at Taxila which served to overhaul and upgrade Chinese supplied Type-59 , 69 MBTs. Pakistan Aeronautical Complex at Kamra was established with Chinese assistance. The F-6 Rebuild Factory for Pak air force, established as a turnkey project by China, became operational in November 1980.

Musharaff with Chinese officials at the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex , Kamra

Heavy Rebuild Factory , Taxila

‘Indigenous’ Collaboration 

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Al -Kha li d MB T : The ‘i nd ige no us ’ dev el opmen t of the MB T Al Kha li d (M BT- 2000) in Pak is ta n w as st ar ted wit h the hel p of the Ch ine se. Pr imar y pr ototypes pr oduced and fiel ded in Ch ina for tri al s in Augu st 19 91. Th e Kar ak oram- 8 (or K-8) trai ner /fight er was a joint ven ture bet wee n the Ch in a Nat iona l Aer ote chnology Imp ort Exp ort Corpo rati on (CAT IC) , Chi na Nan cha ng Air cra ft Man ufacturin g Co mp an y (CNAMC ) an d th e Pak is ta n Aer onauti cal Co mp lex (PA C)

Weapons of Collaboration

AL- Khalid ( MBT 2000)

Karakoram -8 ( K-8)

Latest weapons for Pakistan 

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The Super-7 ( FC-1) was originally a joint project for preliminary design between CATIC and Grumman (USA). After the Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989, US company pulled out. In 1992, to revive this project the the Chinese signed a fresh contract with PAC and the development of this fighter has continued ever since. Both J-10 and JF-17 , the latest Chinese version of Russian aircrafts Su-27 and Mig – 29 are already being assembled in PAC. JF reads ‘ Joint Fighter’.

J F - 17

J -10

F7 -P

FC -1

AL KHALID MBT

Ima ges of C ollab ora ti on

HAFT -II

Weapons development MOU 

Current military cooperation between the two countries operates under the provisions of the June 1990, Sino-Pak Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for a ten-year cooperation in procurement, R & D, technology transfer and coproduction. This MOU has since been extended.

Reference  

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Jane’s Defense review “ Will the Iron fence save a tree hollowed by termites” – Arun Shourie Strategic Digest