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“EVALUATION OF ANTI-ARTHRITIS POTENTIAL OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB.” Major Dissertation Submitted to Rajiv Gandhi Proudhyogiki Vishwavidhyalaya, Bhopal

Master of Pharmacy In

Pharmacology SUBMITTED BY

DEEPIKA SHUKLA M. PHARM 4th SEM ENROLL NO. 0144PY15MP27

DR. ANAND CHAURASIA

MR. VISHAL SHRIVASTAVA

Supervisor

Co-Supervisor

JANUARY 2019

MILLENIUM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BHOPAL (M.P.)

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Ref. TIT/lAEC/832/P'Col/20l8/07

Date: 16/01/18

Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC)

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project “EVALUATION OF ANTI-ARTHRITIS POTENTIAL OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB.” by Mrs. Deepika Shukla has been approved by IAEC Reg. No. is TIT/IAEC/832/P'Col/2018/07.

Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (Recognized by Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, Affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the major dissertation entitled “EVALUATION OF ANTI-ARTHRITIS POTENTIAL OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB.” which is submitted by Mrs. Deepika Shukla, in the partial fulfillment of award of the Degree of Master of Pharmacy

by

the

Rajiv

Gandhi

Proudhyogiki

Vishwavidhyalaya, Bhopal. This is a record of the candidate’s own work carried out by her under my guidance and supervision. I recommend the project to be forwarded to the examiner for evaluation.

Date:

Dr. Anand Chaurasia

Place: Bhopal Principal Millennium college of Pharmacy,

Bhopal

Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (Recognized by Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, Affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal)

FORWARDING LETTER This is to certify that Mrs. Deepika Shukla has completed his project entitled “EVALUATION OF ANTI-ARTHRITIS POTENTIAL OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB.” Under my supervision and guidance of Dr. Anand Chaurasia in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of pharmacy. The project her forwarded to the examiner for evaluation.

Date: Place: Principal Millennium College of Pharmacy Bhopal

Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (Recognized by Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, Affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the major dissertation entitled “EVALUATION OF ANTI-ARTHRITIS POTENTIAL OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB.” which is submitted by Mrs. Deepika Shukla in the partial fulfillment of award of the Degree of Master of Pharmacy by the Rajiv Gandhi Proudhyogiki Vishwavidhyalaya, Bhopal. This is a record of the candidate’s own work carried out by her under my guidance and supervision. I recommend the project to be forwarded to the examiner for evaluation.

Date: Place: Bhopal

Dr. Anand Chaurasia Supervisor Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal

Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (Recognized by Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, Affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal)

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

certify

that

this

dissertation

entitled

“EVALUATION

OF ANTI-

ARTHRITIS POTENTIAL OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB.” which is submitted by Mrs. Deepika Shukla, in the partial fulfillment of award of the Degree of Master of Pharmacy in Pharmacology is a record of the candidate's own work carried out under my supervision at Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal during the session 2015-2018.

DR. ANAND CHAURASIA Examiner Supervisor Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal

MR. VISHAL SHRIVASTAVA Co-Supervisor

External

Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (Recognized by Govt. of Madhya Pradesh, Affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal)

DECLARATION I Mrs. Deepika Shukla, Students of Millennium college of pharmacy Bhopal Hereby declare that the work presented in this dissertation entitled “EVALUATION OF ANTI-ARTHRITIS POTENTIAL OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA CAESIA ROXB.” Partial fulfillment of the award of the degree of Master of Pharmacy in pharmacology is an authentic record of my work carried under the guidance of Dr. Anand Chaurasia is correct to the best of my knowledge. I have not submitted the matter embodied in this report for the award of any degree and this work has been carried out taking care of Ethics It contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledge has been made in the text. "I also declare that “A Check of Plagiarism" has been carried out on the Dissertation and is found under the acceptable limit and report of which her enclosed herewith.

MRS. DEEPIKA SHUKLA

Supervisor seal

Director/Principal Sign with

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express profound gratitude to my guide Dr. Anand Chaurasia for his invaluable support, encouragement, supervision and useful suggestions throughout this research work. His moral support and continuous guidance enabled me to complete my work successfully. His intellectual thirst and blessings motivated me to work rigorously on this study. In fact this study could not have seen the light of the day if his contribution had not been available. It would be no exaggeration to say that it is his unflinching faith and unquestioning support that has provided the sustenance necessary to see it through to its present shape. I am grateful to our Hon’ble Principal Dr. Anand Chaurasia, Millennium College of Pharmacy Bhopal for his evincing keen interest in the M. Pharma course continuous encouragement given during our period of study. I must also thank and express my heartfelt gratitude to the laboratory staff of Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal for helping me out in carrying out the research necessary for the project. I express my deep sincere gratitude towards my parents for their patience, blessing, and moral support in the successful completion of major project. I express my gratitude to my all teachers and friends who has supported and encouraged me during my study at, Millennium College of Pharmacy, Bhopal.

DEEPIKA SHUKLA ENROLL NO. 0144PY15MP27

Dedicated To Almighty God, My Parents And Teachers

INDEX S. No. 1

Content

Page No.

INTRODUCTION

1-34

1.1 Disease Profile

6

1.2 Osteoarthritis

12

1.4 Rheumatoid Arthritis

12

1.5 Gout

12

1.6 Septic Arthritis

13

1.7 Ankylosing Spondylitis

13

1.8 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

14

1.9 Still’s Disease

14

1.10 Sign And Symptom

14

1.11 Joints

15

1.12 Skin

15

1.13 Lungs

16

1.14 Kidneys

17

1.15 Heart and blood vessels

17

1.16 Ocular

18

1.17 Hepatic

18

1.18 Hematological

18

1.19 Neurological

19

1.20 Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

19

1.21 Epidemiology

22

1.22 Etiology Of Arthritis

22

1.23 Genetic Association

24

1.24 Environmental Impact

24

1.25 Ra Synovium

25

1.26 TNF-α

26

1.27 Targets Treatment Of Arthritis

26

1.28 Management of RA

27

1.29 Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis

27

1.30 Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs DMARDs)

2.

28

1.31 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

28

1.32 Biologics

29

1.33 Surgery

30

1.34 Alternative Medicine

30

1.35 Dietary Supplements

31

1.36 Guideline for treatment of arthritis

32

PLANT PROFILE

35-41

2.1 PLANT PROFILE

35

2.2 Geaographical Distribution:

37

2.3 Root

38

2.4 Rhizome

38

2.5 Leaves:

38

2.6 Inflorescence:

38

2.7 Flower

38

2.8 Reported Active Constituents:

39

2.9 Reported Pharmacological Activity:

40

2.10 Antioxidant activity:

40

2.11 Antimicrobial activity:

40

2.12 Anti Inflammatory acitivity:

41

2.13 Antiemetic acitivity

41

2.14 Depressant and hypnotic activity:

41

2.15 Anti-ulcerogenic activity

41

3.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

42

4.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

43-49

4.1 Preparation of Crude Extract

43

4.2 Qualitative phytochemical analysis

44

4.3 Tests for Carbohydrates

44

5.

6.

7.

4.4 Preparation of dose of extract

46

4.5 Animal care and handling

46

4.6 Pharmacological studies

47

4.7 Procedure

47

4.8 Parameters

48

4.9 Statistical analysis

49

RESULTS

50-57

5.1 Percentage yield

50

5.2 Histopathology of Arthritic left knee joint of rats

51

5.3 Carrageenan induced paw edema in rats

52

5.4 Anti-Arthritic Acitivity

53

5.5 Body weight

54

5.6 Haematological parameters

55

5.7 Biochemical parameters

56

5.8 Anti-inflammatory activity

57

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

58-59

6.1 Discussion

58

6.2 Conclusion

59

BIBLIOGRAPHY

60-62

LIST OF FIGURES Fig No.

Figure

Page No.

1

Formation of RA in joint

20

2

Normal and Arthritis Joint

21

3

Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

21

4

Rhizome of c. caesia

35

LIST OF TABLES Table. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Table Phytochemical analysis Curcuma caesia Roxb. Extracts Effects of Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizome extracts on FCA induced paw edema in rats Effects of Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizome extracts change in body weight of arthritic rats Effects of Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizome extracts on Hematological parameters Effects of Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizome extracts on Biochemical parameters Effects of Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizome extracts on carrageenan induced paw edema in rats

Page No. 52 53 54 55 56 57