Yaser_qudaih1

  • Uploaded by: Yaser
  • 0
  • 0
  • December 2019
  • PDF

This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA


Overview

Download & View Yaser_qudaih1 as PDF for free.

More details

  • Words: 1,402
  • Pages: 5
5HFRQILJXUDWLRQRI3RZHU'LVWULEXWLRQ6\VWHP 8VLQJ0XOWL$JHQWDQG+LHUDUFKLFDO%DVHG/RDG )ROORZLQJ2SHUDWLRQZLWK(QHUJ\&DSDFLWRU 6\VWHP
 $EVWUDFW²7KHDUWRIUHFRQILJXULQJSRZHUGLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHP LQVXFK D ZD\ WKDWLW EHFRPHV PRUH UHOLDEOHDQGIOH[LEOHLV YHU\ FUXFLDOEXWFRPSOLFDWHGLQWKHSUHVHQFHRIGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQ XQLWV VXFK DV GLHVHO JHQHUDWRU SKRWRYROWDLF DQG ZLQG WXUELQH 6XFK D NLQG RIDUW LV SUHVHQWHGLQWKLVSDSHU DV UDGLDO DQG ORRS GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP ZLWK GLVSHUVHG SRZHU VRXUFHV (QHUJ\ &DSDFLWRU 6\VWHP (&6  LV LQYROYHG DV D VWRUDJH GHYLFH DQG SOD\LQJ WKH PDLQ UROH RI ORDG IROORZLQJ RSHUDWLRQ 8WLOL]DWLRQ RI PXOWL DJHQW EDVHG RSHUDWLRQ DQG FRQWURO RI WKH V\VWHP KDV EHHQ XVHG,QIRUPDWLRQDPRQJWKHFRQWUROODEOHXQLWVQDPHO\WKHGLHVHO JHQHUDWRU XQLW DQG WKH (&6 LV WUDQVIHUUHG WKURXJK FRPSXWHU QHWZRUN +LHUDUFKLFDO FRQWURO XVHG LQ WKLV SDSHU LQ WKH FDVH RI ORFDO FRQWURO RQ WKH RSHUDWLRQ RI WKH (&6 5HVXOWV VKRZHG DQ LPSURYHPHQW LQ WKH SRZHU TXDOLW\ RI WKH V\VWHP LQ ERWK JOREDO DQGORFDOOHYHOVRIFRQWURO  ,QGH[7HUPV²'LVSHUVHGVWRUDJHDQGJHQHUDWLRQ+LHUDUFKLFDO V\VWHPV0XOWLDJHQWV\VWHPSRZHUGLVWULEXWLRQUHOLDELOLW\SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQSHDNLQJFDSDFLW\

'

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

,,1752'8&7,21

HUHJXODWLRQ RI HOHFWULFDO XWLOLWLHV HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQFHUQVDQGJOREDOL]DWLRQDUHWKHPDLQUHDVRQVEHKLQG WKHUDSLGLQFUHDVH RI XVLQJ VPDOODQG FOHDQ GLVWULEXWHG SRZHU VRXUFHV VXFK DV SKRWRYROWDLF ZLQG HQHUJ\ IXHO FHOOV DQG HQHUJ\FDSDFLWRUGHYLFHV7KHFKDOOHQJHLQWKLVFDVHLVKRZWR RIIHUDQGSURYLGHDQLQWHJUDWHGSHUIRUPDQFHDQGIOH[LELOLW\IRU WKH SRZHU FRQVXPHUV LQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI XQFRQWUROODEOH DQG HQYLURQPHQWDOGHSHQGDQWSRZHUVRXUFHV 3UHYLRXV VWXGLHV H[SODLQ WKH VLWXDWLRQ ZKHQ GHDOLQJ ZLWK GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHPV LQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI GLVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWLRQ 6RPHRIWKHPGLVFXVVDQDO\WLFDOO\WKHDOORFDWLRQRI'LVWULEXWHG *HQHUDWLRQLQSULPDU\GLVWULEXWLRQQHWZRUN>@RWKHUVDFKLHYH WRILQGWKHRSWLPDODOORFDWLRQIRUUHOLDELOLW\ORVVHVDQGYROWDJH LPSURYHPHQW >@ DQG RWKHUV GLVFXVV DERXW WKH 'LVWULEXWHG *HQHUDWLRQ FRQWULEXWLRQ WR SULPDU\ IUHTXHQF\ FRQWURO >@ +RZHYHUVWLOOWKHLPSDFWRI'LVWULEXWHG*HQHUDWLRQPDNHVWKH V\VWHPYHU\VHQVLWLYHWREHUHFRQILJXUHG   4XGDLK
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

263 c 2007 RPS 978-981-05-9423-7 



FRQVLGHUHG IRU DQ RYHUKHDG GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP DQG DOO VLPXODWLRQVPDGHLQWKHPHGLXPWHQVLRQOHYHO

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

)LJN9ORRSGLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHP

)LJN9UDGLDOGLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHP

$*OREDOFRQWURO %RWK (&6 DQG GLHVHO JHQHUDWRU DUH FRRUGLQDWHG IROORZLQJ WKH ORDG FKDQJHV DQG UHJXODWLQJ WKH SRZHU IURP WKH XSSHU V\VWHP 7KH DUUDQJHPHQW RI WKH DJHQWV UHTXLUHG LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ )LJ  DQG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ WLPH GHOD\ LV QHJOHFWHG )RU DOO WKH VLPXODWLRQ WKH VSHFLILHG WDUJHW SRZHU LV VHW WR EH ]HUR H[FHSW LQ WKH ORFDO FRQWURO DV LW ZLOO EH H[SODLQHGLQ WKHQH[W SDUDJUDSK







)LJ0XOWLDJHQWDUUDQJHPHQWVIRUJOREDOFRQWURO

 %/RFDOFRQWURO $V WKH (&6 LV SODFHG DW WKH KHDG RI WKH V\VWHP VR LQ WKH FDVH RI FRPSXWHU QHWZRUN IDLOXUH LW UHFHLYHV LQIRUPDWLRQ GLUHFWO\IURPWKHXSSHUV\VWHPYLDSK\VLFDOFRQQHFWLRQDQGWKH FRQWUROOHU LV KLHUDUFKLFDOO\ FKDQJHG E\ DGMXVWLQJ WKH WDUJHW SRZHULQRUGHUWRSOD\WKHUROHRIWKHGLHVHOXQLWWRNHHSWKH (&6HQHUJ\LQWKHVSHFLILHGFKDUJLQJDQGGLVFKDUJLQJOHYHOLQ RWKHUZRUGVWRVXSSRUWWKH(&6IXQFWLRQ)LJLOOXVWUDWHVWKH FRQGLWLRQRIORFDOFRQWURO

 )LJ5HDOSRZHUIURPWKHSKRWRYROWDLFXQLWV

 

)LJ/RFDOFRQWURO



264

The 8th International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2007)





7KH FRQILJXUDWLRQ RI WKH ORDG IROORZLQJ RSHUDWLRQ RQ WKH (&6 LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ  DQG )LJ  ZKHUH WKH SURSRVHG FRQWUROOHULV WKH VDPH LQ FDVH RI ORFDO FRQWURO H[FHSW WKDW WKH WDUJHW SRZHU LV DGMXVWHG LQ VXFK DZD\ WKDW LW NHHSV WKH FKDUJLQJDQGGLVFKDUJLQJRSHUDWLRQRIWKH(&6LQWKHVSHFLILHG OLPLWZKLFKLVN:KWRN:KLQRXUFDVH

3XS3RZHUIURPXSSHUV\VWHP 3VWDUJHWSRZHU UHDGMXVWHGLQFDVHRIORFDOFRQWURO   )LJ/RDGIROORZLQJRSHUDWLRQFRQWUROOHURQ(&6

(&6:K(&6VWRUHGHQHUJ\ (&6:(&6SRZHU 'SVHWFRQWUROVLJQDOWRWKHGLHVHOJHQHUDWRU  )LJ&RRUGLQDWHGFRQWURO 

WKH (&6 XQLW (HFV WKH VWRUHG HQHUJ\ 3GJ WKH SRZHU IURP WKH GLHVHO XQLW 3ZW WKH SRZHU IURP WKH ZLQG WXUELQH DQG 3ORDG WKH SRZHU GHPDQG RQ WKH YDULDEOH ORDG ZKLFK LV UDQGRP LQ DOO FDVHV7KHDUURZVDERYH)LJDQG)LJLQGLFDWHWKHWLPH ZKHQ WKH FRPSXWHU QHWZRUN LV RII DQG WKHQ UHFRYHUHG UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH SRZHU IURP HDFK SKRWRYROWDLF XQLW DQG WKH WRWDOSRZHUIURPDOO39XQLWVZHUHDOUHDG\VKRZQLQ)LJ





)LJ*OREDO&RQWURO



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

  )LJ/RFDO&RQWURO±6DPHFRQWUROOHU 

The 8th International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2007)



265

 

)LJ/RFDO&RQWURO+LHUDUFKLFDO



  )LJ*OREDO± /RFDO±+LHUDUFKLFDO ±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− 3W  ,QGH[ = 1  :KHUH3XSLVWKHSRZHUIURPWKHXSSHUV\VWHP3WWKHWDUJHW SRZHUDQG1LVWKHQXPEHURIHQWHUHGGDWD 

¦

7$%/(, $9$5(*('32:(5'(9,$7,21)25',))(5(17&21752/6&+(0(6)25 6 2)6,08/$7,217,0( 

),**OREDO /RFDO±VDPHFRQWUROOHU ±*OREDO

266



  

The 8th International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2007)





9&21&/86,21

 7$%/(,,

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

$9$5$*('32:(5'(9,$7,21)25',))(5(17&21752/6&+(0(6)25 6 2)6,08/$7,217,0(



9,5()5(1&(6

)LJ*OREDO± /RFDO±6DPHFRQWUROOHU ±*OREDO



>@ 1DUHVK $FKDULD 3XNDU 0DKDW DQG 10LWKXODQDQWKDQ ³$Q DQDO\WLFDO DSSURDFKIRU'*DOORFDWLRQLQSULPDU\GLVWULEXWLRQQHWZRUN´(OHFWULFDO 3RZHUDQG(QHUJ\6\VWHPV   >@ &DUPHQ/7%RUJHV'MDOPD 0)DOFDR³2SWLPDO GLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQ DOORFDWLRQ IRU UHOLDELOLW\ ORVVHV DQG YROWDJH LPSURYHPHQW´  (OHFWULFDO 3RZHUDQG(QHUJ\6\VWHPV   >@ -0RUUHQ 6 : + GH +DDQ DQG -$ )HUUHLUD ³&RQWULEXWLRQ RI '* XQLWVWRSULPDU\IUHTXHQF\FRQWURO´(XURSHDQ7UDQVDFWLRQRQ(OHFWULFDO 3RZHU >@ 7+L\DPD.7RPVRYLF0@ -XNND 93DDWHURDQG 3HWHU ' /XQG ³(IIHFWV RI ODUJHVFDOH SKRWRYROWDLF SRZHU LQWHJUDWLRQ RQ HOHFWULFLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQ QHWZRUNV´ 5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\   >@ 0 2NDPRWR ³$ EDVLF 6WXG\ RQ 3RZHU 6WRUDJH &DSDFLWRU 6\VWHPV´ 7UDQV,((RI-DSDQ9RO%1R >@ 7 +L\DPD '=XR 7 )XQDEDVKL ³0XOWL$JHQW %DVHG &RQWURO DQG 2SHUDWLRQ RI 'LVWULEXWLRQ 6\VWHP ZLWK 'LVSHUVHG 3RZHU 6RXUFHV´ 3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH,((( 3RZHU(QJLQHHULQJ6RFLHW\7UDQVPLVVLRQ DQG 'LVWULEXWLRQ&RQIHUHQFH $6,$3$&,),& SS

9,,%,2*5$3+,(6 4XGDLK
)LJ*OREDO /RFDO±+LHUDUFKLFDO *OREDO



The 8th International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2007)

267

More Documents from "Yaser"

Yaser_qudaih4
December 2019 44
December 2019 32
Yaser_qudaih1
December 2019 14
Qatar Civil Code.pdf
June 2020 17
Yaser_qudaih2
December 2019 13
May 2020 15