World Organizations

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)

Background and History

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

1

World Health Organization (WHO) Date founded: 7 April 1948 Member States: 193 Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland Objective: “the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health” 1948

: When diplomats met in San Francisco to form the United Nations in 1945, one

of the things they discussed was setting up a global health organization. WHO’s Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948. June 1948

: Delegates from 53 of WHO’s 55 original Member States came to the first

World Health Assembly. They decided that WHO’s top priorities would be malaria, women’s and children’s health, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, nutrition and environmental sanitation.

Organization Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

2

Director- General: Dr Margaret Chan (elected on 9 November 2006)

Deputy Director- General: Dr Anarfi Asamoa-Baah

Chairman of the Executive Board: Dr Sam Zaramba

Assistant Directors- General

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

3

Position

Name

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

4

General Management

Denis Aitken

Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Ala Alwan Health

Health Systems and Services

Carissa F. Etienne

Information, Evidence and Research

Tim Evans

Health Security and Environment

Keiji Fukuda

Health Action in Crises

Eric Laroche

Family and Community Health

Daisy Mafubelu

HIV/AIDS,

TB,

Malaria

and

Negleted Hiroki Nakatani

Tropical Diseases

Executive Director of WHO Office at the Andrey V. Pirogov UN

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

5

Partnerships and UN Reform

Namita Pradhan

Executive Director of WHO Office at te Susanne Weber-Mosdorf European Union

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

6

Roles and Responsibilities •

Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed

•

Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge

•

Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitering their implementation

•

Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options

•

Providing technical support, catalysing change and building sustainable institutional capacity

•

Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

7

Programmes •

African Programme for Onchocerciases Control

•

Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research

•

Avian Influenza

•

Bulletin of the WHO

•

Choosing Interventions that are Cost Effective (WHO-CHOICE)

•

Civil Society Initiative (CSI)

•

Clean Care is Safer Care

•

Codex Alimentarius

•

Diabetes Action Online

•

Disease Control in Humanitarian Emergencies

•

Evidence and Information for Policy

•

Family and Community Health Cluster

•

FluNet

•

Foodborne Disease Surveillance

•

Global Health Histories

•

Global Health Workforce Alliance

•

Global School Health Initiative

•

Health Academy

•

HIV/AIDS

•

Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR)

•

International Programme on Chemical Safety

•

STD Initiative

•

Strategic Planning and Innovation

•

Tobacco Free Initiative

•

TB

•

Vaccine Safety

•

Violence Prevention Alliance

•

Water Sanitation and Health

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

8

•

World Health Survey

•

World Health Day

Contributions •

1974

: Onchocerciasis (river blindness) control programme- 600 000 cases of

blindness have been prevented and 18 million children spared from the disease

•

1952

: Dr Jonas Salk (US) develops the first successful polio vaccine

•

1967

: South African surgeon conducts the first heart transplant

•

1977

: The first Essential Medicines List appeared in 1977, 2 years after the

World Health Assembly introduced the concepts of ‘essential drugs’ and ‘national drug policy’

•

1979

: Eradication of small pox

•

1998

: Global Polio Eradication Initiative established- reduced the number of

cases of polio by more than 99%

•

2003

: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) first recognized and then

controlled

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

9

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO) Background and History

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

10

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNECSO) Date founded: 16 November 1945 Member States: 193 Headquarter: Paris, France Mission: “to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law and the human rights” 2007

:

Montenegro

2005

:

2003

:

2001

: UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity is adopted by the General

Brunei

becomes

Darussalam The

UNESCO’s

becomes US

192nd

UNESCO’s

Member

191st

returns

State.

Member

to

State.

UNESCO.

Conference. 1999

: Director- General Koichiro Matsuura undertakes major reforms to restructure

and 1998

decentralize

the

Organization’s

staff

and

activities.

: The Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights,

developed

and The

adopted

by

United

UNESCO

in

1997,

Kingdom

is

returns

endorsed to

by

the

UN.

1997

:

UNESCO.

1992

: Creation of the Memory of the World programme to protect irreplaceable library

treasures and archive collections. It now includes sound, film and television archives. 1990

: The World Conference on Education for All, in Jomtiem, Thailand, launches a

global movement to provide basic education for all children, youths and adults. Held ten years later in Dakar, Senegal, the World Education Forum commits governments to achieving basic education for all by 2015. 1984

: The United States withdraws from the Organization citing disagreement over

management and other issues. The United Kingdom and Singapore withdraw in 1985.

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

11

The 1980

Organization’s

budget

drops

considerably.

: The first two volumes of UNESCO’s General History of Africa are published.

Similar series focus on other regions, notably Central Asia and the Caribbean. 1978

: UNESCO adopts the Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice. Subsequent

reports on the issue by the Director-General serve to discredit and dismiss the pseudoscientific

foundations

of

racism.

1975

: The UN University is established in Tokyo

1972

: The Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural

Heritage is adopted. The World Heritage Committee is established in 1976 and the first sites are inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1978. 1968

: UNESCO organizes the first intergovernmental conference aimed at reconciling

the environment and development, now known as “sustainable development”. This led to the

creation

of

UNESCO’s

Man

and

the

Biosphere

Programme.

1960

: Launching of the Nubia Campaign in Egypt to move the Great Temple of Abu

Simbel to keep it from being swamped by the Nile after construction of the Aswan Dam. During the 20-year campaign, 22 monuments and architectural complexes are relocated. This is the first and largest in a series of campaigns including Moenjodaro (Pakistan), Fez (Morocco), Kathmandu (Nepal), Borobudur (Indonesia) and the Acropolis (Greece). 1958

: Inauguration of UNESCO’s permanent Headquarters in Paris designed by

Marcel Breuer (US), Pier-Luigi Nervi (Italy) and Bernard Zehrfuss (France). 1956

: The Republic of South Africa withdraws from UNESCO. The state rejoins the

Organization 1952

in

1994

under

the

leadership

of

Nelson

Mandela.

: An intergovernmental conference convened by UNESCO adopts the Universal

Copyright Convention. In the decades following World War II, the Convention served to extend copyright protection to numerous states not then party to the Berne Convention for

the

Protection

of

Literary

1948

: UNESCO recommends that Member States make free primary education

compulsory

and

and

Artistic

Works

(1886). universal.

November 16, 1945 : representatives of 37 countries meet in London to sign UNESCO’s Constitution which comes into force on November 4, 1946 after ratification by 20 signatories.

Organization Director- General: Koichiro Matsuura

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

12

The Chairman of the Executive Board: Mr Olabiyi Babalola Joseph Yai

Secretariat of the Executive Board Position Secretary of the Board Assistant Secretary Senior Secretary Senior Documentalist Head Documentalist Administrative Officer Personal Assistant to the Chairman Executive Assistant- Office of

Name Mr Armoogum Parsuramen Ms Karima Bekri-Lisner Ms Claudette Delorme Mr Michee Detinho Ms Patricia Johnston Ms Milena Pounkin Mr Edmond Moukala the Ms Mercedes Torcat

Chairman

Roles and Responsibilities •

To create the conditions for dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, based upon respect for commonly shared values

•

As a laboratory of ideas and a standard-setter to forge universal agreements on emerging ethical issues

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

13

•

Serves as a clearinghouse- for the dissemination and sharing of information and knowledge

•

Helping Member States to build their human and institutional capacities in diverse fields

•

Promotes international cooperation among its 193 Member States and six Associate

Members

in

the

fields

of

education,

science,

culture

and

communication

Programmes •

Comparative education

•

International Network of Geoparks

•

Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB)

•

City of Literature

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

14

•

Endangered languages

•

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

•

Memory of the World

•

International Hydrological Programme (IHP)

•

World Heritage Sites

•

World Press Freedom Day

•

International Literacy Day

•

International Year for the Culture of Peace

•

Migration Museums

•

Free Software Directory

•

Focussing Resources on Effective School Health (FRESH)

•

UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors

•

International Council of Science

•

Botany 2000

•

Asian Symposium on Medical Plants and Species (ASOMPS)

Contributions Through its strategies and activities, UNESCO is actively contributing to the achievements of the Development Goals of the United Nations Millennium Declaration by 2015, especially those aiming to:

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

15

•

Halve the proportion of people living in extreme poverty

•

Achieve universal primary education

•

Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education

•

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

•

Ensure environmental sustainability

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

16

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO)

Background and History

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

17

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Date founded: 1945 Headquarters: Rome, Italy Motto: “fiat panis” – let there be bread 2007

: All 119 countries at FAO's Committee on Fisheries in Rome agree on a proposal

to develop a legally binding measure to tackle illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing practices, which cause severe economic, social, biological and environmental damage. 2006

: FAO unveils its high-tech Crisis Management Centre to fight bird flu and other

animal health or food safety emergencies. The service monitors disease outbreaks and dispatches 2006

experts

to

any

hot

spot

in

the

world

in

under

48

hours.

: Representatives of 96 FAO member countries at the International Conference

on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, in Brazil, make a joint declaration recognizing the role of agrarian reform and rural development for sustainable development. 2005

: The 60th anniversary of FAO’s founding celebrated in a solemn ceremony

attended by Heads of State and Government, Ministers and other dignitaries from all regions

of

the

world.

Director-General Jacques Diouf re-elected for a third six-year term. FAO Conference approves additional reforms including further decentralization of staff. 2004

: FAO announces the entering into force of the International Treaty on Plant

Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, an essential legally binding agreement that encourages sustainable agriculture through the equitable sharing of genetic material and its benefits among plant breeders, farmers and public and private research institutions.

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

18

2002

: World Food Summit: five years later, attended by delegations from 179

countries plus the European Commission, reaffirms the international community's commitment 2001

to

reduce

hunger

by

half

by

2015.

: FAO Conference adopts the legally binding International Treaty on Plant

Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which supports the work of breeders and farmers 2000

everywhere.

: FAO develops a strategy for concerted government and UN agency action to

combat chronic hunger in the Horn of Africa, at the request of the United Nations Secretary-General. 1999

: FAO's Committee on Fisheries adopts plans of action on fishing capacity,

sharks 1998

and

: An FAO-brokered legally binding convention to control trade in pesticides and

other 1997

hazardous

trade

in

chemicalsis

adopted

in

Rotterdam.

: FAO launches campaign against hunger initiative TeleFood. TeleFood '97

reaches 1996

seabirds.

a

global

audience

of

500

million.

: FAO hosts 186 Heads of State or Government and other high officials at World

Food

Summit

in

November

discuss

celebrates

and

50th

world

hunger.

:

1994

: FAO launches the Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS), targeting lowfood-deficit

its

combat

1995 income

FAO

to

countries

birthday. (LIFDCs).

The Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES), strengthening the Organization's existing contribution to prevention, control and, when possible, eradication of diseases and pests, is established. FAO begins the most significant restructuring since its founding to decentralize operations,

streamline

procedures

and

reduce

costs.

1991

: International Plant Protection Convention is ratified with 92 signatories.

1986

: AGROSTAT (now FAOSTAT), the world's most comprehensive source of

agricultural

information

and

statistics,

becomes

operational.

1981

: The first World Food Day observed on 16 October by more than 150 countries.

1980

: FAO concludes 56 agreements for the appointment of FAO Representatives in

developing 1978

member

countries.

: The Eighth World Forestry Congress, held in Jakarta, Indonesia, with the theme

"Forests for people", has a profound impact on attitudes towards forestry development

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

19

and 1976

FAO's responding

sector.

to

urgent

situations.

Undertaking

on

World

Food

Security.

: The FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission established to set international

food 1960

this

: UN World Food Conference in Rome recommends the adoption of an

International 1962

in

: FAO's Technical Cooperation Programme established to afford greater flexibility

in 1974

work

standards

becomes

operational.

: Freedom from Hunger campaign launched to mobilize non-governmental

support. 1951

: FAO headquarters moved to Rome, Italy, from Washington, DC, the United

States. 1945

: First session of FAO Conference, Quebec City, Canada, establishes FAO as a

specialized 1943

United

Nations

agency.

: Forty-four governments, meeting in Hot Springs, Virginia, the United States,

commit themselves to founding a permanent organization for food and agriculture.

Organization Director- General: Dr Jacques Diouf (elected on 8 November 1993)

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

20

Deputy Director- General: James G. Butler Departments: •

Office of the Director- General

•

Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department

•

Economic and Social Development Department

•

Fisheries and Aquaculture Department

•

Forestry Department

•

Knowledge and Communication Department

•

Natural Resources Management and Environment Department

•

Technical Cooperation Department

•

Department of Human, Financial and Physical Resources

Roles and Responsibilities •

Leads international effort to defeat hunger

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

21

•

Acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy

•

Source of knowledge and information

•

Help developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices

•

Ensure good nutrition for all

•

Focused special attention on developing rural areas, home to 70 percent of the world’s poor and hungry people

•

To make sure people have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives

•

To raise levels of nutrition, improve agricultural productivity, better the lives of rural populations and contribute to the growth of the world economy

•

Provide a meeting place and the background knowledge needed to reach consensus

Programmes and Contributions •

Initiative on Soaring Food Prices

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

22

•

FAO and emergencies

•

Food security programmes

•

Codex Alimentarius

•

International Plant Protection

•

Capacity building

•

Investing in agriculture

•

Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases

•

Global Information and Early Warning System

Other Initiatives •

National Forest Programme Facility

•

Collaborative Partnership on Forests

•

United Nations Forum on Forests

•

Mountain Partnership

•

The Billion Tree Campaign

•

Global Forest Information Service

•

The World Forestry Congress

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

23

UNITED NATION’S CHILDREN FUND (UNICEF)

Background and History

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

24

United Nation’s Children Fund (UNICEF) Date founded: 11 December 1946 Headquarter: New York December 11, 1946

: UNICEF was created by the United Nations General Assembly to

provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. 1953

: UNICEF became a permanent past of the United Nation System and its name

was shortened from the original United Nations International Children’s Emergency Funds but it has continued to be known by the popular acronym based on this old name.

Organization

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

25

2009 Bureau of the Executive Board President: H. E. Mr Oumar Daou

Vice Presidents: H. E. Ms Ismat Jahan H. E. Mr Leo Merores H. E. Ms Simona Miculescu Mr. Takeshi Osuga 2009 Executive Board Africa

Asia

•

Cameroon

•

Central

Western Europe and others

•

Bangladesh

•

Canada

•

China

•

Denmark

Republic

•

India

•

Finland

•

Ethiopia

•

Iran

•

France

•

Liberia

•

Malaysia

•

Germany

•

Mali

•

Myanmar

•

Italy

•

Mauritania

•

Republic of Korea

•

Japan

•

Sudan

•

Netherlands

•

Zimbabwe

•

Norway

•

Sweden

•

Switzerland

•

USA

African

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

26

Eastern Europe •

Croatia

•

Romania

•

Russian Federation

•

Slovenia

Latin

America

and

the

Carribean •

Antigua

and

Barbuda •

Bahamas

•

Cuba

•

Haiti

•

Uruguay

Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board Position Secretary of the Board Assistant Secretary Administrative Assistant

Name Ms Kirsi Madi Ms Christine Muhigana Ms Jodi Piccolomini-Geary Ms Francoise Coupet

Documentation Position Editor

Name Ms Lisa Krug

Documentation Assistant

Mr Horst Rutsch Ms Sonia Stenerson

Website Assistant

Ms Jane Iglesias Mr Cristopher Gayomali

Roles and Responsibilities •

Helps build a world where the rights of every child are realized

•

To work with others to overcome the obstacles that poverty, violence, disease and discrimination place in a child’s path

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

27

•

To give children the best start in life

Programmes •

HIV/AIDS and children

•

Child survival and development

•

Child protection

•

Basic education and gender equality

•

Policy advocacy and partnerships

•

Promotes girls education

•

Children immunization and nourishment

•

Prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS among young people

•

Help children and families affected by HIV/AIDS to live their lives with dignity

•

Involve everyone on creating protective environment for children

•

Upholds convention on the Rights of the child

Contributions •

Uses of term ‘child protection’ to refer to preventing and responding to violence, exploitation and abuse against children and teens up to 18 years old- including commercial sexual practices such as female genital cutting/ mutilation and child marriage

•

Supports the international Child Rights Information Network

References 1. http://www.who.org/ Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

28

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization 3. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1948.pdf 4. http://www.fao.org/ 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization 6. http://www.unesco.org/ 7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO 8. http://www.unicef.org/ 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF

Nur Ilmiah binti Mohammed Pauzi (MARA B)

29