Wood Presentation

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INTRODUCTION

The object of science and practice of wood preservation is to prolong the life of non durable wood thereby reducing the replacement and conserving the natural forest. Wood, however, being a biological product, is liable to deterioration unless it is properly protected. The chief causes of deterioration of timber in service are decay (due to fungal infection, attack by insects (borers and white ants) marine organisms and fire. To protect wood from deterioration a number of treating plants has now been established in the world.

WOOD PRESERVATION

The world ‘preserve’ refers to keep or maintain something in an unchanged or perfect condition. In wood science, wood preservation means to increase or lengthen the service life of wood. Wood preservation includes every processes of chemical and physical treatment which is undertaken to extend the life of wood in service by increasing its resistance to biological attack, fire, shrinkage and swelling due to changes in moisture content and in fact to any of the agencies e.g. wood destroying fungi, wood boring insects, marine borers (Kollmann and Cote, 1968)

WOOD PRESERVATIVES Wood preservatives are the chemical substance which initially applied to wood to make the wood resistant to the attack of various decaying agents such as fungi, insects, etc. preservatives are toxic chemicals applied to wood to prevent damage by decay fungi or harmful insects (Shrivastava,1997) . IT may be pure chemical compounds or mixture of the compounds.

PAST STATUS OF WOOD PRESERVATION :

Wood preservation was applied in Bangladesh mainly for the supply of transmission poles, railway sleepers. The BFIDC started to supply poles, stabilizer and anchor logs, cross arm on a competitive basis since 1979-80. For preservation of wood the industries which established in earlier times are given below:

ØLUMBER PROCESSING COMPLEX (L.P.C.) Kaptai: There is 27m long cylinder and largest saw mill of the country in L.P.C. Earlier the plant was only involved in preserving railway sleeper with creosote. The use of CCA starts in 1983. It is a mixture of Cu, Cr and As salts. CCA salts are diluted with water up to required concentration. ØWood Treating Plant, Mirardanga, Doulatpur, Khulna: This plant consists two eleven meter long treating cylinder. There was a provision of using only pentachlorophenol (PCP) and Creosote to treat pole and logs. CCA treatment started in June, 1981. ØMR/S Shamrat Furniture Ltd. ,Kaliakoir, Gazipur, Dhaka: The main aim of establishment of this plant is to supply treated meter board Am (Mangifera indica) to REB and was enlisted in 29september, 1987.  

PRESENT STATUS OF WOOD PRESERVATION :

BFIDC Wood treating plants of Bangladesh Forest Industries Development Corporation (BFIDC) are established for commercial purposes. The project under this corporation are given below: WOOD TREATING PLANT KALURGHAT, CHITTANG: There are two large wood treating cylinders in which CCA and PCP are used respectively. These plants are usually treating the poles and anchor log of teak, garjan, civit, jam and cross arm of garjan for railway sleeper.

BFRI (Bangladesh Forest Research Institute): BFRI is situated in Chittagong. It has a wood preservation unit where different treatments are done to increase the longevity of wood and woody materials. In BFRI mainly Buoucherie method is used for wood preservation. This process is done in the green condition by using any kind of water soluble preservatives. REB (Rural Electrification Board): REB uses to preserve poles for electric poles. For this they use full cell method with CCA (Cromated Copper Arsenate).

The description of privately owned some wood treating plants are noted below: ØMR/S Zic Back Wood Preservers Ltd. Kanthal Bagan, Panthpath, Dhaka: Rural Electrification Board enlisted this plant for the supply of meter board in 22 December, 1985. They usually use CCB as preservative. ØMR/S Rafiq Industries, Mohora, Chandgaon, Chittagong: Annual treating capacity is 1000 cu. m. In this plant CCB is used only. ØMR/S Diran Enterprises Konabri, BISIC Industrial Area, Gazipur: This is the 4th CCB using plant among privately owned preservation plants and 2nd CCA using plant in Bangladesh. Ø

ØMR/S Tuff International Ltd. 280, Shaorapra, Mirpur, Dhaka: Only CCB is used here. ØMR/S Ichhaque Brothers Industries Ltd.: At present annual treating capacity 3000 cu. m. CCA is recommended preservatives whereas they use CCB earlier.

Ø ØAkij Particle Board Mill Ltd.: Here Borax and CCB (Cromated Copper Boron) is used as preservatives. ØStar Particle Board: It is another important and huge wood and composite material based industry. Here CCA is mainly used. Ø

FUTURE PROSPECT OF WOOD PRESERVATION

The need of wood is increasing day by day. Wood is being used for interior decoration as well as for other types of constructions in our country. If we can preserve wood and woody materials for a long time then we can be able to meet the increasing demand of wood as well as can check the rapid deforestation all over the country. This will put a direct impact on the environment and on the economy of Bangladesh. So wood preservation treatment plants should get emphasis on prior basis. The Zic Back Wood Preservers Ltd. will go to install a new cylinder in which 14-kg/cm2 pressure can be created.

CONCLUSION

The preservative treatment is not very new in Bangladesh. It has a great potential both in regard to production and employment of the population. Unfortunately this industry is now in distress condition and there is a huge gap between target and production. If the problems in this sector are properly overcome the industry could be a profitable business. On the other hand it will ensure us a better environment.

RECOMMENDATION

ØEvery constructional work needs treated wood, which is obtained by different preservation method. So preservatives should be used. ØTo fulfill our future demand it is necessary to highlight on different wood treatment plants by the Govt. and private organization. ØWe should also keep in mind the economical and environmental factors during using the preservatives.

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