Wlia Presentation Oct 2008

The Value of GIS to Wisconsin Comprehensive Planning

Kevin Pomeroy, AICP [email protected] (608) 663-9050 www.1kfriends.org

Methods of Engagement • • • • • •

Planning Analyst Information Delivery / Education Tools Interactive Meetings Citizen Surveys and Inventorying Web-Based Citizen Planning Allocating Future Land use & Assessing Impacts • 3d Visualization

Presentations and Map Displays at Public Workshops and Town Hall Meetings • People are attracted to colorful large-format displays • Provide a starting point for conversation • Compilation base for planning inventories and allocations • Means to convey information about areas that are the focus of planning 

Dane County Land-use Forum  • In 1998 Dane County executive Kathleen Falk created a land-use forum to engage citizens in land-use planning •Complex analyses combining multiple layers and spatial analyses (e.g. growth management factors) •Maps presented as Power Point presentation to the 300plus participants. •Maps were also displayed on walls around the hall

Dane County Land-use Forum  100 large-scale free maps as an incentive to completing the survey at Dane County’s first land-use forum  • •

Boosted the survey participation rate Provided direct evidence about the types of information products people found useful or interesting • Provided us with a list of citizens interested in planning issues • Most were depictions of multiple variables or various kinds of analyses such as; – effects of sprawl over time – growth-management factors 

Dane County Land-use Forum Overall Conclusions • Depictions of single themes such as topography, land cover, and so forth were considered useful but….. • People were most interested in products representing combinations of variables and the results of analysis and, • People were ready for and interested in these more “sophisticated” products

“Interactive” Town Hall Meetings Townships of Verona and Clover We brought computers, projection equipment, and GIS technicians Projection of information and hands-on interaction with the information. Brief introduction to the technology, the geospatial data sets, and how all of that might be used to support the work of the land-use planning task force

Town Hall Meeting - Verona Working through a facilitator who understood what could be done interactively on the fly, as well as more involved “we’ll-get-back-to-you-on-that” queries—we turned over the session to the audience. About fifteen town residents generated dozens of questions such as: • Where is agricultural land located in contiguous tracts? • What agricultural parcels intersect with soils classified as high-quality soils? • How much undeveloped, oak-forest ridge land remains?

Town Hall Meetings - Observations Because the data was available and well-organized beforehand, we were able to answer and depict most of the queries on the fly, within minutes of the question being posed. The discussion moved beyond questions of fact and focused on the values and interests behind land-use planning Citizens recognized the value of information to their discussions and quickly moved to take full advantage of it by asking more sophisticated questions

Verona Electronic Town Hall Meeting Take the town hall into people’s homes The session explained the basic tenets of a land-use plan •

Internet access to the session through CyberCivic

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Broadcast live on the local cable television station and one radio station

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Portable computers hooked to the Internet to receive and answer email questions

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Phone lines available for call-in questions

GIS Enhanced Citizen Surveys GIS-enhanced citizen surveys link surveys to land information and spatial analysis and offer three distinct enhancements to the traditional low-tech survey: • We can ask spatially explicit questions – Include maps

• Allows generic or specific identification of responses by landowner type – Permits hypothesis testing of differences between groups

• Allows the spatial depiction of survey results – Can see the results in map form. Planners now have the ability to map the spatial implications of land-use preferences as expressed in surveys. Part 5

Results of Verona Surveys Land-use committee found the results of the two surveys very useful in two regards: • •

Surveys kept them grounded in a broader view of public sentiment Results revealed broad support for land-use allocations, such as farmland protection

Surveys helped define the audience for citizen planning •

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The success of the Shaping Dane’s Future project was enhanced by being clear about who it was we were helping and what it was we were helping them to do. Modern land-use information can be effectively used to filter the results of public opinion surveys in order to produce more specific and realistic land-use goals and objectives

Cognitive Mapping in Clover Township Participants given many copies of a base map and an atlas with many land information layers to take home • Areas drawn on base maps where selected types of land use should or should not occur – separate maps used for each land-use category – participants had several weeks to complete survey

• Base maps were digitally traced and converted to raster files back in the office

Clover Township Results • Results displayed at next town meeting to generate discussion – areas where a consensus on land use seemed to occur – areas for which there appeared to be contention or dispute about appropriate land uses

• Apparent differences forced the planning committee to focus discussion on the harder issues • Helped point out that for much of the landscape, people shared common goals • Cognitive mapping appears to be a very useful tool for working out spatially explicit preferences

Citizen-based Database Creation • Township of Clover base maps were displayed on a “citizen engagement table” (SMART Board™) – used as a means to discuss and resolve differences among the various citizen task force land-use interpretations – new polygons are screen-digitized

Web-Based Citizen Planning

• Internet mapping services (IMS) – Offers a way of providing maps to users based on their specifications – Analogous to free maps

• Comprehensive planning support Web sites – Providing citizen planners access to data, exploration & analysis tools, planning concepts and issues, support material and related links.

• Citizen participation over the Web – Allows citizens to vote and provide feedback on planning and related issues on a secure web site

Verona Planning Resource Center • Component of the “Shaping Dane” project • Provided Town of Verona citizen planners with: – – – – –

on line atlas of maps and data planning resources planning facilitation existing plans & ordinances calendar and contacts

Results Verona Planning Resource Center • Information technology and digital data availability have matured to an extent to allow citizens to engage in the planning process over the Web • The Planning Resource Center was only used by a small group of citizens perhaps because better marketing was needed • Some of the data originally available for download and map making was pulled from the site by Dane County due to license issues

Pop Dot - Manual Allocation Exercise Pop Dot – an interactive, hands-on, manual allocation exercise • Designed to help participants in Dane County’s Design Dane land-planning workshops understand the issues and envision potential solutions in allocating new residential growth • Developed in cooperation with the Dane County Planning staff and the county executive

Case study – POP Dot for Dane County

Pop Dot Allocation - Results Observations made through eavesdropping on conversations and analysis of the maps with dots afterward : • Participants were quite comfortable with the GIS map • Exercise helped citizens understand the challenge and complexity of planning for future growth • Exercise helped citizens understand how growth management factors can be used to constrain or guide development • Different allocation patterns emerged from different groups, i.e. – one group placed almost all their dots in and near existing urban areas or along rail corridors – another group scattered dots in rural areas but away from highly productive farms

PlaceIt! The next generation of free allocation software • Evolved from Pop Dot • ArcView 3.x extension – all of Arcview’s interactive functionality available – growth management base map composed of multiple themes including orthophotos – turned on and off, zooming, etc.

• Uses parcels as the allocation unit – More realistic – at the level of land transactions – Requires a digital parcel database

• Operated either by technical staff or community members

Case study – PlaceIt! In Verona and Clover Towns

PlaceIt! Results The learning curve for this tool is short, and the excitement it can generate is high and helps citizens understand the land-use change implications and the power of GIS to generate multiple, future land-use scenarios • Starting point for discussion of future land uses in the Town of Verona • Town of Clover community members quickly grasped the basic operations and took the lead on the allocation process – an active committee member (a realtor) captured the keyboard and mouse and proceeded to create a plan – another member politely nudged aside our staff and, with her group, took over the allocation process to prepare a plan

SMART Board™ Visioning A large format touch-sensitive display monitor allows users to use fingers or stylus to directly interact with the screen and its menus • Used in vertical mode to visualize and present ideas to large groups • Used in horizontal mode for interactive, hands-on participation within a small group

Case study – Town of Verona

SMART Board™ & Town of Verona In June 2001, we invited the Verona Land-Use Planning Task Force and other public officials to comment on the utility of this display table: • Participants were given a PlaceIt!-based exercise to allocate undeveloped parcels for future residential use • Initially, there was considerable discussion • Then, one task force member built a comprehensive development scenario on the table in 30 minutes

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Display table provided a visual, interactive, and informative means for the group to engage in the planning process Part 7

What if? Planning Support System • Conduct suitability analysis (uses shapefiles) • Project land use demand • Allocate future land use patterns • Support community decision making • Stand alone program • Requires ArcView or ArcGIS to pre-process shapefiles • What if? does not do impact assessment

Part 7

Community Analysis and Planning Systems, Inc. http://www.what-if-pss.com

CommunityViz Scenario 360 • Works as an extension to ArcView 3.2 or ArcGIS • Create scenarios representing decision-making alternatives • Experiment with assumptions, view indicators and charts • Measure and analyze the impacts of each alternative • Visualize results in reports, charts or in realtime 3D • Present your information to others Part 7

www.placeways.com

Verona CommunityViz Scenario • PlaceIt! was used by the citizen task force to allocate future growth for Verona based on knowledge of a large medical technology firm, EPIC, locating in the town of Verona • Shapefiles for development scenarios were brought into CommunityViz to calculate impacts related to projected residential and commercial growth

Part 7

• With Place It! and CommunityViz displayed on the SmartBoard citizens were able to interact with the data layers, create development scenarios and visualize the impacts in a relatively short period of time

Black Earth Creek Watershed • • • •

80% decline in trout population in 2001 “Outstanding and exceptional resource waters” Combination of What if? and CommunityViz 3 alternative land use scenarios

• UW Land Information and Computer Graphics Facility (LICGF)

Black Earth Creek Watershed – Impressions of What if? and CommunityViz • Allowed citizens to interact at various stages • Ability to change the underlying assumptions • Transparency of the system components increased credibility • The participants found the process useful and engaging • The setup process is time consuming Part 7

Black Earth Creek Watershed Conclusions • Higher-density build-out scenarios demonstrated the least impact on creek waters in the near future • New neighborhoods are built with deed restrictions requiring each lot to contain a rain garden to reduce water runoff • New streets are built with a boulevard median strip to help capture road water runoff Part 7

Cudahy 2020 Comprehensive Plan • FLU Map created on the fly • GIS technicians did not need to interpret hand drawn maps • Less time consuming • Quick and easy to make changes • Provided easy access to parcel information, property ownership, and the beach • Able to zoom in to the high resolution aerial imagery

Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission • GIS used for citizen input at most Comprehensive Plan meetings • Planner/GIS staff use the GIS to explore their community, update land use, discuss natural resources, located areas of economic development and even create future land use scenarios • Turn data layers on and off and draw graphics or sketches using the data layers in the project • Once back at the office the GIS staff converts the graphics and sketches into features, which can then be adjusted and allow for area calculations. •

“Once a community experiences a meeting with GIS it really opens their eyes up to the beneficial uses of GIS and how it can make their community a better place to live.” Tony D. Bellovary

Village of Francis Creek General Plan Design/Future Land Use activity Sketch areas using land use, orthos and base map data

Village of Francis Creek 2008 Land Use edits using orthos and base map data

Village of Francis Creek plan determinants on Village base map

St. Croix Falls U.S. Highway 8 Corridor Plan • Town and City of St. Croix Falls formed a Joint Town-City Planning Committee • Discussions on a potential Cooperative Boundary Agreement • Town placed a moratorium on any new building in the Highway 8 commercial corridor of the Town

St. Croix Falls U.S. Highway 8 Corridor Plan

St. Croix Falls U.S. Highway 8 Corridor Plan

St. Croix Falls U.S. Highway 8 Corridor Plan

St. Croix Falls U.S. Highway 8 Corridor Plan

Matthew Burczyk’s Bike Rack Inventory

City of Monona Targeted Redevelopment Opportunities

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Aging commercial corridor Prioritize redevelopment opportunities Quantifiable data needed for support Variable weighting system included • • • • • •

Structure Age Improvement Value per Acre Improvement Value to Land Value Ratio Percent Change in Improvement Value Comparison to Overall Monona Drive Value Change Floor Area Ratio

• Users can explore the impact of different variables

City of Monona Targeted Redevelopment Opportunities

Washington County Multi-Jurisdictional Comprehensive Planning Working Group • • • • • •

40 page Public Participation Plan 14 towns, cities and villages Washington County Planning and Parks Department UW-Extension Washington County Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission “Citizens participating in government decisionmaking are fundamental to our system of governance.” Washington County Public Participation Plan

Washington County Comprehensive Plan Interactive Visioning Workshops • •

12 workshops - July to Sept 2006 6 interactive hands-on stations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Inventory and Survey Results Mapping Future Residential Growth Development Preference Slideshows Community Goals... Are We Still on Target? Build a Visioning Statement for Your Community Parting Words

Mapping Future Growth Town of Addison • Medium or high density residential growth inside planned Sewer Service Area’s • Commercial along major transportation corridors • Increase rural residential densities • Preserve lands best suited for agriculture

Mapping Future Growth Village of Kewaskum • Promote higher density residential growth inside planned Sewer Service Area • Expand highway through Village or create bypass to aid transportation flow • Modern architectural design and subdivisions are more appropriate than rural housing • Update goals concerning transportation, library resources, and housing

1000 Friends of Wisconsin • Advocacy, education, and lobbying • State-wide • 3000+ members • Issues concerning land-use, growth, transportation, and more • Linking urban, suburban, and rural