Whats The Effects Of British Occupation

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Whats the effects of British occupation; before, during and after. The more details questions are; 1. What is it 2. When is it 3. Who was involved (because sometimes I can't just focus on Malay when an issue also involved other races though I'm supposed to do on Malays, so I'll just relate them in a way..) 4. Where was it (because some issues are quite local, where some are generally meant for the whole country) 5. How it affects the people (socially, education, economic, life style, buildings, legal systems, other craps you can come out with) 6. Evidence : Videos, documents, picture, etc

Until 1970’s British controlled over 60% kekayaan ekonomi negara dan British military terus stay kat Malaysia sampai 1971!

Quick notes :



There are 80 races in Malaysia. The main are Malays, Chinese and Indians. Malays are the original occupants of Malay Peninsula (Bumiputera). In Sabah, Kadazan, Bajau, Murut, Rungus. In Sarawak, Iban, Dayak, Bidayuh, Melanau and Penan.

1. More Imigrant workers policies and DIVIDE AND RULE WAY OF ADMINISTRATION - dasar pecah perintah

Chinese are to deal with tin ores Indians are to work in plantation i.e. rubber, coffee Malays are to work in rural areas, villages as farmers.

The migration of Chinese started before the occupation of British. However, with the legal safety assurance by the British administration during the occupation period, more Chinese labors were brought in to work. The peak of this migration was in 1891 where almost half of Perak, Selangor and Sungai Ujong population were occupied by the Chinese. From 1895 – 1927, around 6 million Chinese have migrated to Malay Peninsula. They mostly occupied one of the earliest TIN ORES AREA in Lukut and Sungai Ujong. Some of them also involved in Pepper Plantation in Johor by mean of KangChu System and Credit Ticket System. In Credit System Ticket, those who couldn’t afford to pay the migration cost would be sponsored by a representative agent where they were forced to work with them or anyone they assigned for a certain amount of years until the debt is paid. These immigrant groups are called “singkheh”.

Indians are the second largest immigrant workers to Malay Peninsula during the British Occupation where most of them were from southern part of India (Negapatam and Mandras). After the 1824 British-Ductch agreement, Indian labors are brought to Malay Peninsula to work in the construction of buildings, rail ways, roads etc. The next stage of major Indian workers immigrations was when they are brought to Malay Peninsula to work in British-owned plantation of sugar cane in Seberang Perai and Utara Perak, Coffee, tea and rubbers in Selangor around 1880. During that time, there was a rapid development of plantation due to the high demand for such plants in Western Industries. The systems used to bring the Indian workers to Malay Peninsula were called Kangani and Contract System.

50thn pembangunan bandar dan luarbandar msh x seimbang n jauh ketinggalan. malah masih ada yg ketinggalan jauh dr segi infrastruktur. tujuan diwujudkan felda bagus. tp bila tgk balik dr segi prasarana yg ada... kesian pun ada. dah la jauh dr pekan. kemudahan kurang (kebanyakanla). british yg nak kekalkan org melayu trs dikg, cina di bandar n india d estet. bagi pendidikan bkn sbb apa tp nak jdkan mereka lebih baik dr nenekmoyang. melayu jadi petani yg lebih maju, cina sebagai peniaga yg lebih cerdik n india pekerja estet yg berkemahiran. ini yg mencorakkan taburan penduduk negara kita. deb pada dasarnya diandaikan dapat mengubah komposisi ni, tp syg pelaksanaan tidak cukup telus shingga gagal mencapai matlamat asal (wp pemilikan 30% ekonomi melayu tercapai tp terhad kepada golongan tertentu). begitu juga dgn felda, tujuan baik tp pelaksanaan yg menjurus kpd amalan dasar pecah perintah.

2. The development of infrastructure During the beginning of the British Occupation in Malaysia (more accurately the Malay Peninsula), its purpose seen as historian as to : -

To meet the needs for resources for western industries

-

To look for new markets for their industrial products

-

To look for new investment for the Westerners

which helps the grows of the towns Effects -

The construction of railways connecting the big port cities to the smaller plantation-based towns

-

The needs of more labors resulted in many immigrant workers brought in to work here. As a result, the population increased faster and helped the development of the infrastructure as there were more demands and needs by the people.

The Governments of the Straits Settlements and the Malay States worked hard to develop Malaya in many ways. Malaya prospered steadily, the revenue of the Straits Settlements rising more than five times in less than forty years and that of the Malay States more than nine times within the same period. A good part of the revenue was used to build up a useful system of communications. Roads and railways were built all over the country linking the mines and estates with the coast. By 1937, about 9,000 kilometers of road were constructed in the Malay States, 1,165 in the Straits Settlements and about 2,500 in the Unfederated Malay States.

The first train service in Malaya was between Taiping and Port Weld in 1885. In 1909, people could travel from Singapore to Penang by train. There were ferry services between Prai and Penang. The completion of the Johor causeway in 1923 brought the railway line into Singapore, which already had a railway from Tank Road to Bukit Timah since 1903. Communications in east Malaya were rather slow in developing but in 1931 goods and passengers could go by train from Gemas to Kota Bharu.

3.

pentadbiran sekular VS Islamic

Bagaimanapun dengan kedatangan British, mulalah diperkenalkan dengan sistem pentadbiran sekular, bahawa antara agama dengan politik terdapat jarak yang tidak mungkin diketemukan. Pemisahan ini lebih bererti dalam Perjanjian Pangkor 1874 yang menegaskan semua urusan pentadbiran diserahkan kepada Residen British kecuali soal-soal agama ( disempitkan maknanya ) dan adat istiadat Melayu. Seterusnya kepada pembentukkan Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu. British telah mula menentukan corak pemerintahan, pentadbiran dan keputusan dasar yang penting berhubung dengan sesebuah negeri Melayu bahkan dapat menantukan kedudukan seseorang raja yang dilantik memerintah negeri.3 Ini telah menunjukkan bagaimana British telah berjaya mengubah wajah Islam di Malaysia dalam pentadbiran dengan perkenalkan pentadbiran serta undang-undang sekular. Dimana lebih pentingkan keduniaan tidak berkaitan dengan agama4 dan ia juga telah mengenepikan sebahagian besar undang-undang Islam.5 Kita dapat lihat dalam kes, dimana Residen-residen yang memberi nasihat-nasihat di Majlis-majlis Negeri telah campurtangan kerja-kerja para kadi. Kerana bagi mereka urusan nikah dan cerai libatkan hal keselamatan dalam negeri. Sebab itu British telah tentukan perlantikan, pendapatan, pengantungan dan pemecataan kadi-kadi. Tindak tanduk kadi juga telah diawasi dan kadang-kadang penyelesaian masalah dipindahkan kepada Majistretmajistret.6 Ini menunjukkan pentadbiran undang-unddang Islam yang tadinya bebas tidak bererti lagi. Walaupun begitu hakikatnya undang-undang British yang diperkenalkan tidaklah diambil sepenuhnya kerana undang-undang Islam masih kukuh dijiwa rakyat Malaysia.

4. Pendidikan

5. Selain penjajahan dalam pentadbiran, British juga telah mengubah wajah Islam di Malaysia dalam bidang pendidikan. Dimana hasrat sebenar penjajah British ke Malaysia adalah untuk mengubah corak pegangan hidup masyarakat Melayu dan juga pemikiran mereka agar menyanjungi kehebatan Barat. Satu sistem pendidikan telah diadakan, keseluruhan aspek dan sistem nilai serta kebudayaan penduduk tempatan dibentuk dan diindoktrinasikan dengan pengaruh kebudayaan, sikap dan pandangan Barat. 7 Pada peringkat awal sistem pendidikan British yang berbentuk formal diperkenalkan di negeri-negeri lain sebagai cawangannya. 6. Penubuhan sekolah-sekolah ini dibawah budi bicara, daya usaha dan pengawasan badan pengembangan agama Kristian.8 Oleh itu sambutan rakyat tempatan sangat dingin. Ini kerana pada peringkat awal pendidikan bagi masyarakat tempatan masih di institusi masjid, rumah dan surau yang terkenal sebagai Sekolah Quran atau Sekolah Agama9 dan mereka sanggup lagi untuk melanjutkan pendidikan tentang agama ke peringkat lebih tinggi di hantar ke Patani, Makkah dan Mesir. Selain itu ibu bapa masyarakat tempatan juga takut untuk menghantar anak ke Sekolah British sebab dikhuatiri anak-anak mereka nantti akan masuk Kristian. Denngan kegagalan awal ini, British telah mencuba taktik yang baru iaitu dengan mencampuri serta mengambil alih pentadbiran Sekolah Quran untuk diletakkan dibawah pengawalan mereka. 7. Sejak 1854, Sekolah Quran pentadbirannya telah diambiil alih dengan dibiayai pengajian dan diberi bantuan penuh. Kurikulumnya diubah, pentadbiran dan perjalanan sekolah berubah corak. Masa persekolahan dibahagikan dua, pagi untuk pelajaran akademik iaitu Sekolah Melayu dan petang untuk pelajaran agama iaitu Sekolah Quran. Ini telah menunjukkan satu doktrin yang cuba memisahkan antara ilmu agama dan akademik. Manakala pula Sekolah Quran sangat diabaikan berbanding Sekolah Melayu yang banyak pembaharuan serta bantuan diberikan. Dengan memisahkan kedua-dua jenis sekolah ini boleh melahirkan individu-individu atau masyarakat yang tempang atau tidak seimbang.10 8. Kemudian penjajah British makin kuat dan mereka menguasai pendidikan serta pelajaran. Strategis melalui sektor pendidikan ini menjalarlah idea-idea, pandangan-pandangan hidup Barat itu ke dalam jiwa dan pemikiran rakyat umum tanpa disedari sehingga terjadilah revolusi kebudayaan. Akibatnya dongkollah aqidah agama dan padamlah semangat keagamaan, bertukarlah semangat kelombaan yang merupakan pendorong terbesar kemajuan, dari jiwa agama

berkuranglah kemauan memperdalamkan pengetahuan agama.11 Begitu juga dengan konsep kekeluargaan yang mana penjajah British telah mengubah kedudukan suami di dalam keluarga iaitu isteri lebh dipentingkan berbanding suami. Sedangkan di dalam Islam suami mempunyai kedudukan tinggi sebagai ketua keluarga dan dia boleh membuat sebarang keputusan tanpa menganiayai isteri dan ahli keluarganya. Tapi British telah mengubah dengan isteri turut sama boleh berkuasa dalam keluarga itu dan ada kalanya isteri-isteri yang telah meninggikan suara apabila berkata dengan suaminya. Sedangkan ajaran Islam tidak membenarkan ini.

9.

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