What Is Research.docx

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WHAT IS RESEARCH 

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Research is a systematic, objective and comprehensive investigation of a certain phenomenon. It involves accurate gathering of data and critical analyzing and interpreting these data. There are three stages of a research that undergoes in architecture, namely: o Architecture processes: It involves more of a theoretical angle, like the designs and construction techniques, giving a thematically approach to the whole concept of building a building. o Architecture products: This deals with research of the projected product or the aesthetics of the materials used. o Architecture performance: Once a building is complete, aspects like quality, environmental performance and more are researched upon. Research is the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend, correct, or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aid in the construction of a theory in the practice of an art. A personal framework for increasing understanding.

TYPES OF RESEARCH 

Qualitative Research  Based on data expressed mostly in the form of words – descriptions, accounts, opinions, feelings etc. – rather than on numbers.  Common whenever people are the focus of the study, particularly in social groups or as individuals.  Dealing with phenomena that are difficult or impossible to quantify mathematically, such as beliefs, meanings, attributes and symbols. o Phenomenological Research  Examines human experiences through the descriptions provided by the people involved. These experiences are called lived experiences.  To describe the meaning that experiences hold for each subject. o Ethnographic Research  Refer to the investigation of a culture through an in-depth study of the members of the culture.  Involves the systematic collection, description, and analysis of data for development of theories of cultural behavior.  It studies people, ethnic groups and other ethnic formations, their ethno genesis, composition, resettlement, social welfare characteristics, as well as their material and spiritual culture. o Grounded Theory Research  Designed to discover what problems exist in a given social environment and how the persons involved handle them.  Involves formulation, testing, and the reformulation of propositions until a theory is developed o Historical Research  Involving analysis of events that occurred in the remote or recent past.

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Data gathered from written or oral descriptions of past events, artifacts, etc. – describes what was in an attempt to reconstruct the past.

Quantitative Research  Systematic empirical investigation of any phenomena via statistical mathematical, or computation techniques.  Generally made using scientific methods.  Derives measures or variables from the data, then investigate relationships among the variables  Gathers data with an instrument, such as a stopwatch, a blood test, a video analysis package, or a structured questionnaire. o Descriptive Research  Refers to research that provides an accurate portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group.  A means of discovering new meaning, describing what exists, determining the frequency with which something occurs, and categorizing information.  Numerical data gathered through tests, surveys, observations, interviews. o Correlational Research  Refers to the systematic investigation or statistical study of relationships among two or more variables, without necessarily determining cause and effect.  Seeks to establish a relation/association/correlation between two or more variables that do not readily lend themselves to experimental manipulation.

 Will recognize trends and patterns in a data. Experimental Research  Uses the scientific method to establish the cause-effect relationship among a group of variables that make up a study.  An objective, systematic, controlled investigation for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena. o Causal-comparative Research  To establish cause-effect relationships among the variables.  Identifies an effect that has already occurred and attempts to infer cause. Applied Research  Refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems.  Used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop innovative technologies. Basic Research  Driven by a scientist’s curiosity or interest in a scientific question.  To expand man’s knowledge, not to create or invent something. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from basic research. o

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SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH     

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Researches make progress possible. Provides the basis for policy formulation. Solves various operational and planning problems of business and industry. Important for social scientists in studying social relationships and in seeking answers to various social problems. Inculcates scientific and inductive thinking and it promotes the development of logical habits of thinking and organization.

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING AND DESIGN IN RELATION TO RESEARCH  

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Architectural programming is a research and decision-making process that identifies the scope of work to be designed. Architectural programming has its steps and considerations that guided many architects and clients who sought to identify the scope of a design problem prior to beginning the design, which is intended to solve the problem Programming concerns five steps: 1. Establish Goals. 2. Collect and analyze Facts. 3. Uncover and test Concepts. 4. Determine Needs. 5. State the Problem. The five-step process can be applied to most any discipline but when applied to architecture, it has its proper content that is an architectural product.

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Four major considerations:  Function  Form  Economy  Time There are three key words to each consideration. Architectural programming involves an organized method of inquiry a fivestep process interacting with four considerations. The main idea behind programming is the search for sufficient information to clarify, to understand, and to state the problem. If programming is problem seeking, then design is problem solving. Programming is analysis. Design is synthesis. The Framework:

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Two-Phase Process: o Schematic program and program development provide the information needed at the two successive design phases, going from the general scope to particular details. o Programming is a two-phase process related to the two phases of design— schematic design and design development. o Design development is what the words imply: the detailed development of schematic design. Program development provides the specific room details— furniture and equipment requirements, environmental criteria (atmospheric, visual, and acoustic), and service requirements (mechanical and electrical).