Week-2-2ndmeeting.pptx

ETHICS

Course Description

Ethics is a course that deals with the nature of ethical behavior in contemporary society at various dimensions of human existence: personal, social, environmental, and cultural.

The course starts with the foundation of ethics and the analysis of human experience in its moral perspective which allows students to translate human experiences to ethical cases. The course also explores classical and contemporary ethical frameworks which they can use as a basis in articulating, analyzing, and creating ethical cases. The students will examine the strength and weaknesses of ethical theories, thereby producing outputs that showcase their 21st century skills.

Topics • Week 1- INTRODUCTION • Week 2- KEY CONCEPTS OF ETHICS • Week 3- MORAL REASONING • Week 4- MORALITY, CULTURE, RELIGION • Week 5- MORAL AGENT • Week 6- VIRTUE ETHICS • Week 7- MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Topics Week 8- DUTY ETHICS Week 9- UTILITARIANISM Week 10- SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY AND DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE Week 11- FEMINIST ETHICS Week 12- ETHICS AND GLOBALIZATION Week 13- FINAL EXAMINATION

PHILOSOPHY ETHICS

Definition Philosophy is (1) the science (2) of all things (3) through their ultimate reasons, principles, and causes (4) under the light of human reason alone.

Branches of Philosophy •Pure Philosophy

•Applied Philosophy

-Logic -Epistemology -Metaphysics -Ethics and Aesthetics

-Philosophy of Religion -Philosophy of Science -Philosophy of Language -Political Philosophy -Applied Ethics

ETHICS •Greek ‘ethos’ •– ‘a characteristic way of doing things, or a body of customs’

ETHICS -deals with systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.

>META- ETHICS • Metaphysical Issues >Objectivism >Relativism

• Psychological Issues >Egoism and Altruism >Emotion and Reason >Male and Female Morality

>NORMATIVE ETHICS •Deontological/ Non- Consequentialist •Teleological/ Consequentialist •Virtue •Care/ Feminist

>APPLIED ETHICS • Environmental Ethics • Business Ethics • Social Morality • Sexual Morality • Biomedical Ethics

ETHICS AND MORALITY •Ethics- deals with moral principles that govern behavior; science of the morality of human acts •Morality- principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong, good and bad behavior; quality of goodness or badness of human acts

Human Acts and Acts of Man • Human Acts- done with full knowledge, willingness, consent, deliberation

• Acts of Man- done without full knowledge, deliberation, willingness, consent

• Helping an old woman cross the street • Circulation of one’s blood • A two- year old child stoning her sister

Moral and Non- Moral Standards • Aesthetics- approval, disapproval • Etiquette • Technical

Descriptive and Normative • Descriptive- description of ‘how people make their moral valuations without making any judgment either for or against these valuations’ • Normative- prescription of ‘what we ought to maintain as our standards or bases for moral valuation’

•Ex. •‘Studying how Confucian ethics enjoins us to obey our parents and to show filial piety’

•‘Noting how filial piety and obedience are pervasive characteristics of Chinese culture’

General and Special Ethics • General- what an individual must do to live a good life

• Special- ‘the individual as a member of society’

Imperatives of Ethics 1. The existence of God or a Supreme Being -notion of retribution 2. Existence of Human Freedom -responsibility 3. The existence of an afterlife (immortality of the soul) -notion of justice

Freedom- Foundation of Morality • Ethics is impossible without freedom • Responsibility is a necessary factor in Ethics • Responsibility is based on freedom

VALUES • Sense of Value- primary; early age; concept of right and wrong • Scale of Value- secondary; later; basis of choices

• FILIPINO VALUES

“For it is not enough to have a good mind, the main thing is to apply it well.” -Rene Descartes

SOURCES • Bulaong Jr., Oscar G., Calano, Mark Joseph T., Lagliva, Albert M., Mariano, Michael Ner E., Principe, Jesus Deogracias, Z. Ethics, Foundations of Moral Valuation. Manila: Rex Book Store, 2018. • Fieser James, and Stumpf, Samuel Enoch. Socrates to Sartre and Beyond. A History of Philosophy. New York: McGraw- Hill, 2008. • Quito, Emerita S. Fundamentals of Ethics. Quezon City: C and E Publishing, Inc. 1993. • Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy • Lecture Notes: UST Faculty of Arts and Letters and UP Diliman College of Social Sciences and Philosophy • NU Ethics Syllabus • Stanford Encylopedia of Philosophy