Web 2 Science Tools

Web 2.0 in the Classroom: Collaborative Learning Tools for Science

NSTA 2009 Annual Conference Presented by: Stephen Best, University of Michigan More information at: http://mmstlc.net

WEB 2.0 IN THE CLASSROOM: COLLABORATIVE LEARNING TOOLS FOR SCIENCE

Overview of this Session: Several Web 2.0 tools can support inquiry and problem solving for learners. See how these new tools are providing new learning opportunities specifically for science. In this session, we are going to look at the wide variety of collaborative learning tools that are available on the Web, and will see look at some of the specific functions of these tools to see how they can ease or enhance our students’ learning of science. We’ll look at some of the different functionality of these tools and see how they work to allow you to enhance the learning experience for students by allowing them to engage with others. Along with all of this come a variety of issues and concerns that teachers may need to consider in selecting and using some of these tools in the classroom. We’ll show you how you can review these tools and plan for instruction using them to ensure the best possible outcomes for you and your students.

About the Presenters and Resources: These resources are generated from the Michigan Mathematics and Science Teacher Leadership Collaborative (MMSTLC), a statewide effort to support instructional leadership at many levels in local schools, regional support agencies, and higher education. These resources are a part of the broader set of resources being provided to project participants to help them support other teachers in their schools and region. For more information about the project or any of these tools, visit the MMSTLC Web site: http://mmstlc.net

Stephen Best is one of the project directors of the MMSTLC, and has been directing professional development, outreach, research, and teacher education efforts in the University of Michigan School of Education for the past 15 years. He is a former middle and high school science and mathematics teacher, and provides support and leadership in these areas, as well as educational technology and comprehensive school reform.

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Thinking About Student Learning Too often, when we hear about an interesting web site or resource, we decide we are going to use it before we know much about it, just because of some unique quality about the site itself. But, before we start thinking about what tools we can use or should use, we should first think about what we actually do (or should do!) in our classrooms to help students develop an understanding and appreciation for science concepts. Ideally, once we do this, and subsequently think about what we want our students to understand, we can then start thinking about how the functions of the online tools we are going to look at will help our students understand science. The slide at right shows some of the possible activities we might have our students do in our science classes. This is not a definitive list by any means - it just gives some of the common examples of activities that we often have our students engage in with the hope of building their knowledge and understanding of content. Needless to say, we don’t want to try finding tools to address each and every one of these. Rather, we could look at this list and start to categorize these items by the general “type” of activity that we often have students do to learn about or “do” science. The next slide identifies these major categories. We will look at some of the online tools that might address each of these.

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“Collaborative” Online Tools When you look at the list of tasks that we have students do in our classes from the slide on the previous page, there is one interesting thing that stands out with respect to this presentation: none of the “tasks” that are listed are necessarily “collaborative” tasks. These are almost all things that students can actually do on their own. This is not to say that they are not good things to do... it is just that they don’t necessarily incorporate the notion of collaboration. However, if you view all of these items as tasks that groups of students could do, rather than each individual student, it can change the way you look at the task. We might ask a group of students to combine several tasks, or perform variations of these tasks, which we know can further enhance their understanding. For instance, rather than having all individual students do an investigation where they collect data, make a table and graph from the data, and write an explanation of what they might have observed in an investigation, we might have students take on different roles, and ask them to decide as a group to design the table on their own, to decide what type of graph is going to be most appropriate to explain the data that was collected, and to compare their explanation with others on the same topic. We might also ask them to evaluate the work of others and think about what additional data would either help support their explanation or could supplant the explanation that was given. All of this points toward the idea of “collaborative” learning that we mention with the tools we are going to look at. The beauty of these tools is the ways in which you can share your work or task with others with a few clicks of buttons on the sites, and how this can open up the learning opportunities for students. This concept is based on the learning theories of Lev Vygotsky, who proposed a view on learning called “social constructivism”. He was a psychologist in the early-mid 20th century who generally followed the concepts of developmental learning proposed by Jean Piaget and others - however, Vygotsky also suggested that our learning is heavily influenced by the social interactions we have with others. It is this notion that pervades the tools we are going to explore in this session; that students don’t just learn on their own, and that they don’t just learn from a teacher alone. Rather, students learn by discussing ideas with others, especially those others who might have a different understanding than we do. Vygotsky suggests that children’s interaction with knowledgeable others (i.e. teachers, parents, other students) helps to challenge and expand their learning and understanding of concepts. More recent research suggests that students are often far more “open” to having this dialogue with other students, rather than the teacher alone. How does this translate to the web sites we are going to look at, and this idea of Web 2.0? It has to do with the functions of these sites. All of them have some form of “collaboration” feature or element which allows them to share content at the base level, or, in many cases, allows the users to collaborate in creating the content on the tools. A tool like the word processor in Google Docs is a simple example of this. On one hand, it is like a simplified version of Microsoft Word or other word processors that sit on our computer’s hard drive - they let us craft and edit text documents and do some level of formatting. However, in Word, if you want to share a document for others to work on, you need to save it, email it to others, have them work on it (preferably one at a time, so they don’t mess up each others’ edits), and email it around to others to review and edit. In Google Docs, you simply click the “Share” button, which sends a link to the other writers, and they can go and edit it at the same time, and their edits are noted in different colors if you are all working at the same time. Just think of the potential!

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Where Do We Start? Once you have a sense of the type of tool you want to use (i.e. a video sharing tool, text-creation, etc.), then one of the first sites you should check out is the site below, which is a “catalog” of Web 2.0 sites on the Internet. You will see you can identify a site, what it focuses on, etc. from the descriptions given. Since there are SO MANY such sites, you should use the “tags” to identify common terms that might apply to the type of site you want (i.e. photos, maps, spreadsheet, etc.) http://www.go2web20.net

Some Considerations: When reviewing sites that you might use in your classroom (either on your own or with students using the tools), here are some points to consider: • •

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What is the focus of the site? Who uses it, and for what purpose? Do you need to log in to the site with your own ID? This is common for most such sites, but can be an issue if you need to create logins for all of your students. What is the cost for using the site? Some may have a cost structure to fund the site (remember, they are not there out of the goodness of their hearts), or others have a “free” set of tools and a “pay” set of tools. See what the difference is, and make sure that the free set is not just on a trial basis that is going to ask your students to pay something after they have used the site for a while. What is the business model of the site? Not that you need to deal specifically with this, but you can get a sense from this what future the site has and whether it might be a long term tool you can use with students. Some sites have advertising to support the site (consider what they advertise!), while others sell contact information to marketing companies. Others are hoping to be bought out by companies based on the number of users of the site. Just remember, many of these free sites that don’t have lots of users might not be able to sustain themselves, and could disappear overnight. What are the technical requirements for the site? Because of the programming that goes into some of these sites, they may not be able to be used by older (4+ year old) computers that use older browsers (i.e. Internet Explorer 6 or earlier, Netscape, etc.). Make sure they would work on your school machines, and for kids to possibly use at home. Does your school block the site? This is a huge issue for some. See if you can access the site at school, and then see if your students can (sometimes, they have different access than you). If a site is really useful but not available, there are ways your technology support staff can “open” access to specific sites.

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Some Suggestions for Use: Once you find a site you want to use, here are some strategies you may want to use to effectively use the site with your students. •

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Limit the number of tools you use. Don’t just skip from tool to tool - create a set of tools that you use often and stick with them, so that you don’t overload yourself or your students. Set up accounts for students in advance. This can take a little time, but allows you to set access so that if a student loses a password, you might have access to it. Similarly, this can ensure that students don’t lock you out of the work they are doing. Set up a naming structure or organization for files they create. If left to their own devices to name every file they create and share with you or others, you are going to go crazy trying to find what you are looking for and keep track of it. If you have a particular task they are to do and collaborate on for your class any given day, give them the name of the task as it should be named so that you can easily identify it. Ideally, use sites that allow multiple tools with one login. Google is great for this, but there are others too. This means less management headaches for you.

Sites: Google Docs - http://docs.google.com Evernote - http://www.evernote.com Zoho - http://www.zoho.com

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Commonly Referenced “Web 2.0” Sites and Tools Blogging Tools Blogger (www.blogger.com) - a simple online blogging tools that uses simple steps and templates to create and publish a blog. All content is stored on the Blogger servers, rather than a local computer. Owned by Google. There are LOTS of similar sites and tools, but this is likely the most popular. Wordpress and others (www.wordpress.org) - online blogging tools that are more customizable than Blogger, and allow users to set up the underlying blogging software on their own server (unlike Blogger). Similar ones are TypePad and Moveable Type. Class Blogmeister (classblogmeister.com) - A site created by classroom blogging pioneer David Warlick specifically for educators who want control over the blogs created by, read by, and used by students. Teachers can give feedback and publish student blogs in a controlled environment. Edublogs (edublogs.org) - Blog creation for educators at varying levels with templates to support educational use. Links to Chalkface Twitter (www.twitter.com) - “Microblogging” tool that allows simple blog creation that can be updated with and published on a cell phone. Good for allowing observations of events in the classroom. This, and other similar tools (Jaiku, Pownce, Folkstr) also allow rich media, such as pictures, email, or mp3 files to be uploaded. There are over 100 similar types of sites internationally. Technorati (technorati.com) - a blog search engine that does real-time search using tags or keywords posted in blogs to help index. Other similar tools are IceRocket (www.icerocket.com), Blog-Search (www.blog-search.com), and Google Blog Search (blogsearch.google.com). These work better than regular search engines, which are less timely in scanning blog sites. MMSTLC Science: Collaborative Online Tools for Science Education





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Wiki Tools Wikispaces (www.wikispaces.com) - a customizable wiki site dedicated to educators which provides varying levels of access, links to common blog tools, and provides free access for educators to create classroom wikis. PBWiki (www.pbwiki.com) - designed to make easy free wikis, educators can use this site to create multi-user web pages or have students develop collaborative documents or PowerPoint presentations. Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) - The ubiquitous online encyclopedia that often gets criticized for incorrect information. This tool uses the wiki concept to allow any members to create and update content on any given topic. Unless searching controversial topics, there is usually more information here than in many commercial encyclopedias.

Media Viewing/Sharing Tools YouTube (www.youtube.com) - the premier online video sharing site, it has become also as synonymous as Google (it’s owner) as an online activity. Great search functionality with keywords lets you find almost anything. Can be good in finding demonstrations or presentations of educational content. Flickr (www.flickr.com) - the leading online photo sharing site, which allows sharing of photos with friends and the world at large, as well as searching of available photos to find specific images. Owned by Yahoo (you need a Yahoo account to post and share images) There are also MANY copycats out there.

Education Specific Collaboration Tools (for students) Backpack (www.backpackit.com) - an all around organizer for managing tasks, calendars, notes, file storage and more. Could be an online management tool for students who have ongoing web access. Stu.dicio.us (stu.dicio.us) - a combination student organizer and social notetaking tool where students can create and manage their schedule, track grades, store files, and write public notes. Integrates with Facebook.

Education Specific Collaboration Tools (for teachers) Chalksite (www.chalksite.com) - an online organizer to allow teachers to communicate with students and parents through posting of grades, assignments, discussions and messaging. This is kind of an online version of the instructional management tools like PowerSchool. Haiku (www.haikuls.com) - a “learning management system” similar to Chalksite, this and other similar tools allow easy management of classroom data and information. Similar sites include Engrade and Schoopy. TeacherTube (www.teachertube.com) - a version of YouTube that contains teachable content generated by classes or teachers. This can often be useful to find snippets of instruction on content that a teacher may not be as familiar with, or to have students present work to a broader educational community via video.

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