Wear Debris Analysis Ashwin Thottumkara Full Ppt
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WEAR DEBRIS ANALYSIS
10/12/09
1
INTRODUCTION § § § § §
Wear of sliding components result in reduced mechanical efficiency. Lubrication is provided between the moving surface to minimize the wear. Wear Debris Analysis has proven useful in providing supporting evidence on the bearing or gear status.
§ § It also provides information on the wear mechanism, which is involved. §10/12/09 2
USED OIL CONTAMINATION – TIME TRENDS
10/12/09
3
Øwhen the machinery is now or recently overheated, a sharp rise in metallic concentration occurs from A to B . Ø ØOnce this phase is completed, the concentration should remain steady, the oil shouls then be changed. Some residual wear metal products remain from the old oil and circulate in the original oil following the oil change at c. Ø ØNormal functioning the metallic concentration would be expected to increase slowly as by C-D
ØIf
abnormal conditions arise, 10/12/09 concentration may increase by D-E.
the 4
TECHNIQUES
10/12/09
5
Direct Debris Collection Method
v
Wear debris in the lubricant is detected in the machine by arranging for the oil flow through a device, which is sensitive to the presence of debris.
Two types of filter system are mainly present
Special filters
10/12/09
Existing Filter system 6
Debris Collection Method Wear debris is collected in a device, fitted to the
machine which is convenient to remove, so that the debris can be extracted for examination.
10/12/09
7
Magnetic Plugs
10/12/09
8
It is an “on-line” control method, magnetic plugs are used in oil-
lubricated machines
This method only detect ferrous material.
The magnetic plugs captures a large number of particles are
detected ,which would not normally be recorded by means of ferrography.
An unacceptable coating is visible. This indicates abnormal wear. Magnetic plugs are used in the modern aircraft engines where
particle sizes are in the order of 0.2-1 µm are found.
10/12/09
9
An unacceptable coating can be characterized by the following conditions. FLarge individual fragments F FPieces which can be identified as flakes from a bearing F FFlat fragments F FA large number of whiskers F Particularly long whiskers
10/12/09
10
Lubricant Sample Analysis
A sample of lubricant is extracted from a machine and analyzed for wear debris contamination.
There are two most widely used methods
1. Spectrometric oil analysis program (SOAP) 2. Ferrography
10/12/09
11
Spectrometric oil analysis program (SOAP)
It is a maintenance tool which is used to check the condition of the oil lubricated mechanical systems(Examples: Motors, Gear boxes, Hydraulic systems).
The quantity can indicate something about the magnitude of the wear and the type of wear metals can reveal which component is wearing out.
10/12/09
The quantity and type of wear metals in sample of lubricating oil is determined 12
Emission spectroscopy
It is an optical instrument
The sample is burnt in between two electrodes
It produces a light of different wavelengths
The intensity of light is proportional to the concentration of the metal in the sample.
10/12/09
13
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
10/12/09
14
Limitations of soap
Large particles (E.g. bearings can breakdown due to few large particles)
Defects which occurs quickly (E.g. due to the lack of lubricating oil or due to bearings which burn up)
Defects where no wear metals are formed.(E.g. breakdown due to metal fatigue).
10/12/09
15
Application of soap
1. It is used in situations where breakdowns are expensive. 2. It is widely used in the military services. 3. In US, it is used by the Air force, Navy and the Army.
4. It is used for many civil aviation companies.
10/12/09
16
Ferrography It is a technique which is based upon the systematic
collection of oil samples from an oil- lubricant. The method identifies, isolate and classify wear
particles from machine parts. A magnetic field is used to sort the wear particles in the flowing oil.
This technique was used successfully to monitor the
condition of military aircraft engines, gear boxes and transmissions. 10/12/09
17
Type of equipments used in wear particle analysis
Direct –Reading(DR) ferrography Analytical ferrograph system Ferrorgram scanner.
10/12/09
18
1. Direct – Reading (DR) Ferrography
10/12/09
19
10/12/09
20
2. The Analytical Ferrograph
. The Analytical Ferrograph is used to prepare a
Ferrogram -- a fixed slide of wear particles for microscopic examination and photographic doc.
The Ferrogram is an important predictive tool.
10/12/09
21
10/12/09
22
3. Ferrorgram scanner. The energy-dispersive (X-ray) spectrometry (EDS)
technique is a familiar elemental analysis attachment to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) where electrons are used as the primary energy source to excite the X-ray spectra.
10/12/09
23
SEM
10/12/09
24
CONCLUSION
The wear debris monitoring method access the
nature of the particles generated when components wear. They can indicate exact nature of the machine problem indicate the amount of debris present indicate the size distribution of debris indicate the physical form of debris application of chemical analysis of debris
10/12/09
25
REFERENCES:
1. 2.VENKATRAMAN.A, SENTHILVELAN.T, “WINTER SCHOOL ON RECENT TRENDS IN DIAGNOSTIC MAINTENANCE”. 3. 4.PRABHU.B.S, “WORKSHOP ON PLANT ENGGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL TRIBOLOGY”. 5. 6.www.wikipedia.org 7. 8.www.encyclopedia.com 9.
10/12/09
26
Thank you
10/12/09
27
10/12/09
1
INTRODUCTION § § § § §
Wear of sliding components result in reduced mechanical efficiency. Lubrication is provided between the moving surface to minimize the wear. Wear Debris Analysis has proven useful in providing supporting evidence on the bearing or gear status.
§ § It also provides information on the wear mechanism, which is involved. §10/12/09 2
USED OIL CONTAMINATION – TIME TRENDS
10/12/09
3
Øwhen the machinery is now or recently overheated, a sharp rise in metallic concentration occurs from A to B . Ø ØOnce this phase is completed, the concentration should remain steady, the oil shouls then be changed. Some residual wear metal products remain from the old oil and circulate in the original oil following the oil change at c. Ø ØNormal functioning the metallic concentration would be expected to increase slowly as by C-D
ØIf
abnormal conditions arise, 10/12/09 concentration may increase by D-E.
the 4
TECHNIQUES
10/12/09
5
Direct Debris Collection Method
v
Wear debris in the lubricant is detected in the machine by arranging for the oil flow through a device, which is sensitive to the presence of debris.
Two types of filter system are mainly present
Special filters
10/12/09
Existing Filter system 6
Debris Collection Method Wear debris is collected in a device, fitted to the
machine which is convenient to remove, so that the debris can be extracted for examination.
10/12/09
7
Magnetic Plugs
10/12/09
8
It is an “on-line” control method, magnetic plugs are used in oil-
lubricated machines
This method only detect ferrous material.
The magnetic plugs captures a large number of particles are
detected ,which would not normally be recorded by means of ferrography.
An unacceptable coating is visible. This indicates abnormal wear. Magnetic plugs are used in the modern aircraft engines where
particle sizes are in the order of 0.2-1 µm are found.
10/12/09
9
An unacceptable coating can be characterized by the following conditions. FLarge individual fragments F FPieces which can be identified as flakes from a bearing F FFlat fragments F FA large number of whiskers F Particularly long whiskers
10/12/09
10
Lubricant Sample Analysis
A sample of lubricant is extracted from a machine and analyzed for wear debris contamination.
There are two most widely used methods
1. Spectrometric oil analysis program (SOAP) 2. Ferrography
10/12/09
11
Spectrometric oil analysis program (SOAP)
It is a maintenance tool which is used to check the condition of the oil lubricated mechanical systems(Examples: Motors, Gear boxes, Hydraulic systems).
The quantity can indicate something about the magnitude of the wear and the type of wear metals can reveal which component is wearing out.
10/12/09
The quantity and type of wear metals in sample of lubricating oil is determined 12
Emission spectroscopy
It is an optical instrument
The sample is burnt in between two electrodes
It produces a light of different wavelengths
The intensity of light is proportional to the concentration of the metal in the sample.
10/12/09
13
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
10/12/09
14
Limitations of soap
Large particles (E.g. bearings can breakdown due to few large particles)
Defects which occurs quickly (E.g. due to the lack of lubricating oil or due to bearings which burn up)
Defects where no wear metals are formed.(E.g. breakdown due to metal fatigue).
10/12/09
15
Application of soap
1. It is used in situations where breakdowns are expensive. 2. It is widely used in the military services. 3. In US, it is used by the Air force, Navy and the Army.
4. It is used for many civil aviation companies.
10/12/09
16
Ferrography It is a technique which is based upon the systematic
collection of oil samples from an oil- lubricant. The method identifies, isolate and classify wear
particles from machine parts. A magnetic field is used to sort the wear particles in the flowing oil.
This technique was used successfully to monitor the
condition of military aircraft engines, gear boxes and transmissions. 10/12/09
17
Type of equipments used in wear particle analysis
Direct –Reading(DR) ferrography Analytical ferrograph system Ferrorgram scanner.
10/12/09
18
1. Direct – Reading (DR) Ferrography
10/12/09
19
10/12/09
20
2. The Analytical Ferrograph
. The Analytical Ferrograph is used to prepare a
Ferrogram -- a fixed slide of wear particles for microscopic examination and photographic doc.
The Ferrogram is an important predictive tool.
10/12/09
21
10/12/09
22
3. Ferrorgram scanner. The energy-dispersive (X-ray) spectrometry (EDS)
technique is a familiar elemental analysis attachment to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) where electrons are used as the primary energy source to excite the X-ray spectra.
10/12/09
23
SEM
10/12/09
24
CONCLUSION
The wear debris monitoring method access the
nature of the particles generated when components wear. They can indicate exact nature of the machine problem indicate the amount of debris present indicate the size distribution of debris indicate the physical form of debris application of chemical analysis of debris
10/12/09
25
REFERENCES:
1. 2.VENKATRAMAN.A, SENTHILVELAN.T, “WINTER SCHOOL ON RECENT TRENDS IN DIAGNOSTIC MAINTENANCE”. 3. 4.PRABHU.B.S, “WORKSHOP ON PLANT ENGGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL TRIBOLOGY”. 5. 6.www.wikipedia.org 7. 8.www.encyclopedia.com 9.
10/12/09
26
Thank you
10/12/09
27
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