Water Soluble 1

Precursor Potent Form Other form

STORAGE Absorption Transportation Stable in/@ Unstable in/@ Dietary forms/ Food sources Functions

THIAMIN (B1) Pyrimidine + Thiazole ring

RIBOFLAVIN (B2) Ribose + Flavin ring

TPP (thiamine PYRO phosphate) TTP (thiamine TRI phosphate)

FMN (flavin adenine MONO nucleotide) FAD (flavin adenine DI nucleotide) - via comb’n w/ PHOSPHORIC ACID - “flavokinase” - regulated by THYROXINE

NIACIN (B3) - “whitish crystalline” NICOTINAMIDE > NICOTINIC ACID NAD/NADP NADH/NADPH – reduced form

PLP ( PyridoxAL phosphate) PMP (PyridoxAMINE phosphate) - phosphorylated forms PyridoxINE MUSCLE – prime reservoir

Inhibited by ALCOHOL PLP bound to ALBUMIN Dry form Acid solution (stable in heat) Thiaminase (rawfish) destroy 50% TANNINS in tea –antithiamin factor

Heat, oxidation, acid

A. COENZYME (TPP) 1. oxidative decarboylation a. PYR  acetyl CoA b. ketoacids eg. a-KG 2. transketolase reaction in pentose phosphate shunt

A. PROSTHETIC group of coenzymes 1. REDOX

Resistant to heat, air, light acid and alkali

Alakali (baking soda), UV eg. tetrapack drinks

B. HYDROGEN CARRIERS in mitochondrial ETC

Alkali and light * INH/ISONIAZID – amtagonist A. COMPONENT of coenymes in ETC B. HYDROGEN ACCEPTORS 1. REDOX  release of energy C. Lowers Serum Cholesterol (3g/day) D. flushing and vasodilation

Deficiencies

PYRIDOXINE (B6) “odorless crystalline”; sol. In H20 and R-OH

DRY beriberi WET beriberi – edema and effusions Acute Perniciois beriberi – CV symptoms; tachycardia

CHEILOSIS – inflammation of LIPS - “angular stomatitis” OCULAR DISTURBANCES – inflammation of CORNEA HYPOTHYRODISM

PELLAGRA a. dermatitis – cracked, pigmented skin (parts exposed to light) b. dementia c. diarrhea d. death

A. both (PLP and PMP) COENZYME 1. Transamination 2. other reaction in CHON metab. B. PLP 1. a-amino levulinic acid – precursor of heme 2. Trp  NIACIN 3. Linoleic acid  Arachidonic Acid 4. Sphingolipid  Myelin Sheath 5. GABA A. Peripheral neuritis B. CNS abnormalities (NO GABA) C. PMS D.Malaise, Depression – OCP users - incr, Trp in urine (not converted to Niacin)