Water Pollution

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Water Pollution

Water Pollution: Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities, which can be harmful to organisms and plants that live in these water bodies. It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly into water bodies without treating it first.

Why we are so much scared about it! Some Reasons are:  It accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily in world.  Water pollution linked to male fertility problems  Most people still don’t get pure & clean water to drink.  India has 4% of the world’s water  It is said that third world war would be fought for water.  According to the 2001 census, India, 68.2% households have access to safe drinking water.

 No wonder 37.7 million people — over 75% of whom are children — are afflicted by waterborne diseases every year

Water Pollution categories: Surface water pollution:

Surface water and groundwater have often been studied and managed as separate resources, although they are interrelated. Sources of surface water pollution are generally grouped into two categories based on their origin.

• Point source pollution • Non-point source pollution •Water pollution can come from a number of different sources. If the pollution comes from a single source, such as an oil spill, it is called point-source pollution. If the pollution comes from many sources, it is called nonpointsource pollution.

•Groundwater pollution A lot of the Earth's water is found underground in soil or under rock structures called aquifers. Humans often use aquifers as a means to obtain drinking water, and build wells to access it. When this water becomes polluted it is called groundwater pollution. Groundwater pollution is often caused by pesticide contamination from the soil, this can infect our drinking water and cause huge problems.

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Causes of Water pollution:

PSA Water Pollution 2007 - Google Chrome.flv

Demand for Water is Increasing  Trends driving water consumption

 Population Growth  Urbanization (higher per capita water consumption)  Trends driving water pollution

 Changing agriculture  Increasing use of fertilizer & pesticides

 Environmental/ecological need is often neglected

Transport and chemical reactions of water pollutants :Most water pollutants are eventually carried by rivers into the oceans. Advanced computer models have been used to examine the fate of pollutants in aquatic systems. For example :- Hudson River Trichloroethylene ,tetrachloroethylene

ADDITIONAL FORMS OF WATER POLLUTION • • •

Petroleum, Radioactive Substances Heat

1.Petroleum Besides the supertankers, off-shore drilling operations contribute a large share of pollution. One estimate is that one ton of oil is spilled for every million tons of oil transported. This is equal to about 0.0001 percent.

Oil Spill Clean-up Workers use special nets to clean up a California beach after an oil tanker spill. Tanker spills are an increasing environmental problem because once oil has spilled, it is virtually impossible to completely remove it. Even small amounts spread rapidly across large areas of water. Because oil and water do not mix.

IN INDIA Water is Precious and scarce Resource

•Only a small fraction (about 3%) is fresh water •India is wettest country in the world, but rainfall is highly uneven with time and space (with extremely low in Rajasthan and high in North-East) •On an avergae there are only 40 rainy days •Water resources are over-exploited resulting in major WQ problems

Measurement of water pollution   

1 Sampling 2 Physical testing 3 Chemical testing

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4 Biological testing

SOLUTIONS TO WATER POLLUTION:

Domestic sewage :

Well-designed and operated systems (i.e., secondary treatment or better) can remove 90 percent or more of these pollutants. Some plants have additional sub-systems to treat nutrients and pathogens. •utilizing a green infrastructure approach to improve stormwater management capacity throughout the system. •Repair and replacement of leaking and malfunctioning equipment •increasing overall hydraulic capacity of the sewage collection Water Pollution - Google Chrome3.flv system (often a very expensive option).

Deer Island Waste Water Treatment Plant serving Boston, Massachusetts and vicinity.

Industrial wastewater Some industrial facilities generate ordinary domestic sewage that can be treated by municipal facilities. Industries that generate wastewater with high concentrations of conventional pollutants (e.g. oil and grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) or other nonconventional pollutants. Dissolved air flotation is very widely used in treating the industrial wastewater effluents from oil refineries,petrochemical and chemical plants , natural gas processing plants and similar industrial facilities. such as ammonia, need specialized treatment systems.

Dissolved air flotation system for treating industrial wastewater.

Construction site stormwater Sediment from construction sites is managed by installation of:  Erosion controls, such as mulching and hydroseeding, and  sediment controls, such as sediment basins and silt fences. Discharge of toxic chemicals such as motor fuels and concrete washout is prevented by use of:  spill prevention and control plans, and  specially-designed containers (e.g. for concrete washout) and structures such as overflow controls and diversion berms.

Silt fence installed on a construction site.

Stopping Deforestation: Opposing Coastal Development: Reducing Pollution from Oil and Petroleum Liquids : Reducing Mercury Emissions : Cleaning Up Chemical Pollution: Water Pollution - Google Chrome3.flv Miscellaneous Solutions to Water Pollution : •Set Cruise Control •Do Some Tax Shifting •Tilt at Windmills Think Again - Google Chrome.flv •Give Your Purchases Plastic Surgery

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