Water - A Key To Sustainable Development 2

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: Benin Project: Rural and Urban Water Supply Programme Term: 2004 – 2008 Total funding: € 7,000,000

Rural and Urban Water Supply Programme Context Despite abundant water resources,

On national level legal and institu-

Major international donors support

water in Benin is unequally distributed

tional frameworks are currently adap-

the implementation of the sector

within different regions and varies

ted to meet the present challenges.

programme.

considerably during the annual sea-

Important components are:

sons. Seven million inhabitants lack

<

safe water supply and basic sanitation. Even with steady investment

Resources Management (IWRM) <

over the past 30 years more than 40 % of urban and 60 % of rural popu-

<

lation do not have access to safe drinking water. Many rural water sup-

<

plies lack regular replacement of vital components and do not have proper

Introduction of Integrated Water

Project

Enhancement of local authorities’ capacities to pilot planning

German Development Cooperation

Implementation and monitoring of

has been supporting the implementa-

water and sanitation facilities

tion of rural water supply since 1996.

Mobilisation of private sector par-

This cooperation was based on the

ticipation

country’s rural water strategy. At the

Modernisation of the public water

same time improvement of planning

operation and maintenance systems

utility Société Nationale des Eaux

and management tools as well as

(O&M). Especially in growing urban

du Bénin (SONEB).

institutional reforms have been ad-

<

and peri-urban areas there is a high demand for water supply coverage and therefore increased investment.

dressed in the urban sector. TraditionStrategies for rural and urban wa-

ally, water supply systems were

ter supply are already available. The

extended in medium and small towns

Water Act of 1987 is currently under

to increase service levels.

revision. In 2003, the Ministry responsible for

commissioned by:

For further enhancement of the

water and its German partners agreed

sector and technical coordination the

to add a technical assistance compo-

water administration has been linked

nent on ministry level into the coop-

with different development partners.

eration. This assistance should back

Construction of a water tower in a rural area

Water testing and metering in a treatment plant

Impact institutional and conceptual changes

ment and realise the necessary

Since the water programme started in

in relation to IWRM, the introduction

projects to fulfil the goals of the

September 2004, the development of

of budget support and the strength-

MDGs (i.e. 80% coverage by 2015).

a new strategy for urban water supply

ening of local governments. New con-

Therefore a sound business plan is

was supported on the strategic advi-

cepts generated at the operational

currently developed. A big emphasis

sory level. Studies have been con-

level may now be directly linked to the

is given to the urban poor through

ducted to enhance IWRM and to fa-

policy level. This enables change

baseline studies and a pro-poor ori-

cilitate the installation of a water sec-

management in water supply and

ented review of the tariff system.

retariat, which is the basis for the fu-

sanitation, including new experiences.

ture National Water Council. The In rural areas the water administra-

development of tools for water and

Société Nationale des Eaux du Bénin

tion and German Development Coop-

sanitation management for the local

(SONEB) was founded in 2004 as a

eration assist local authorities with

authorities is in progress. This will en-

new utility for the urban sector. The

the rehabilitation of existing schemes,

able them to take responsibility and

intention of the assistance to SONEB

construction of new water supply

fulfil their role.

is to establish a sound organisation

systems and sanitation infrastructure.

structure, a new billing system, a Man-

This also includes awareness raising

In the rural areas of the target re-

agement Information System and to

for sustainable water consumption.

gion over 150 water points have been

consolidate the investment planning

The target area covers 6 out of the

realised

process. The company’s vision is to

country’s 11 provinces with approxi-

served. The local committees have

improve its efficiency, increase invest-

mately 3 million inhabitants.

submitted further requests for addi-

and

38.000

inhabitants

tional 150 water points, after they had been trained to set up their initial management systems. In urban areas SONEB has realised 12.000 new household connections serving an estimated 144.000 people. Improved water and sanitation services have a high potential to reduce water borne diseases and thus household expenses for medical treatment. They also provide time for more productive purposes, especially for women and children.

Imprint For further information: Programme d‘Approvisionnement en Eau potable en milieu rural et urbain (PEP) c/o Bureau de la GTZ à Cotonou 08 B.P. 1132 tri postal Cotonou Republique du Benin Phone: +229 21 31 64 41 Fax: +229 21 30 13 65 [email protected]

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

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Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: Ghana Project: Improvement of Water Supply in the Volta and Eastern Regions Term: 1998 – 2007 Total funding: € 6,200,000

Improvement of Water Supply in the Volta and Eastern Regions Context In line with the MDGs and the Ghana

responsible for planning, implemen-

The WSDBs, elected by their com-

Poverty Reduction Strategy (GPRS)

tation and monitoring of water facili-

munities, operate the systems through

the Government of Ghana is commit-

ties. However, DAs often lack finan-

employed technical staff. Emphasis is

ted to provide access to safe drinking

cial and human resources to meet

put on a full cost-recovery water tariff,

water and sanitation facilities for all

these challenges. As legal owners

a reinvestment fund, preventive and

Ghanaians with special emphasis on

of the water infrastructures they

curative maintenance. Maintenance

the poor and vulnerable.

transfer the operation and manage-

contracts with local firms are pro-

ment to the communities and their

moted.

Sector reforms have been carried out, to promote a sector approach

Water and Sanitation Development Boards (WSDBs).

Appropriate technical and financial

and to render efforts more focused

O&M instruments have been devel-

and efficient. The new National Water

oped. WSDB members and staff are

Policy strengthens the Water Directorate (WD) and its mandate to monitor

Project

sector strategies and to coordinate

assisted in its use to improve efficiency. Operational DAs receive capacity building to sustain their moni-

key stakeholders and donors within

The project offers safe drinking water

toring and evaluation (M&E) activities.

the national policy framework.

for 29 selected small towns. GTZ pro-

Together with the Danish Develop-

vides capacity building for CWSA,

ment Cooperation (DANIDA), CWSA

The National Community Water

DAs and communities to ensure sus-

is strengthened through participatory

and Sanitation Programme (NCWSP),

tainable operation and maintenance

organisational

with the Community Water and Sani-

(O&M) of the water facilities and the

change management to play its role

tation Agency (CWSA) as facilitator

improvement of their sanitation con-

as facilitator and regulator.

and regulator for rural and small

ditions. Complementary, KfW financ-

town water supply, is guided by the

es the rehabilitation of existing water

Special attention is laid on hygiene

Government’s decentralisation poli-

pipe-systems and the construction of

and sanitation promotion. Hygiene

cy. The District Assemblies (DAs) are

new ones.

education tools have been developed,

commissioned by:

development

and

Motto: Water is Life, Money & Development Good cooperation between Water Board and standpipe attendant Hygiene education through “Social Volunteers”

Impact Social Volunteers have been appoin-

Water supply for about 250 000 peo-

nical and financial information. The

ted and trained. They inform the pop-

ple in 29 small towns has improved.

electronic M&E database allows the

ulation about the coherences between

All communities apply a full-cost-re-

DAs a timely monitoring.

water, hygiene and health and advise

covery tariff, preventive and curative

them how to behave appropriately.

maintenance and have opened two

Efficient operation of the systems

HIV/AIDS is always included.

bank accounts, one for running costs

leads to client satisfaction. However,

and one for reinvestments.

a sustainable community based man-

Dialogue, promotion and sharing of

agement of water facilities needs also

available knowledge (knowledge man-

Expenditures comprise 30% of the

a well functioning water service sys-

agement) with other stakeholders al-

sales revenue. The reinvestment funds

tem at district, regional and national

low best practices to be used and

increase about 10% monthly. 90% of

levels within a legal and institutional

multiplied. This led to a harmonised

consumed water is paid for. Statistics

framework. The nation wide harmo-

monitoring, operation and manage-

of the Ministry of Health show that

nised operation, management, moni-

ment system for regional CWSAs, and

water-borne diseases like guinea

toring and evaluation system is based

the development of CWSA database

worms did reduce in project towns

on best practices and contributes to

compatible with the national M&E

since operation of the new systems.

the sustainability of water systems

system. The WD as focal point for

and services.

sector coordination and monitoring of

The acceptance of the new systems

GPRS/MDG targets is supported by

among the population is high. Users

A milestone is the ratification of the

the implementation of the national

are willing to pay more for reliably op-

water policy and its implementation.

policy and the creation of the neces-

erated systems, and use the product

Water policy and sector reform have

sary legal framework for small town

‘water’ cost-consciously (seasonal

established the link with good gov-

water systems (e.g. legal status of

fluctuations). The regular use of the

ernance, political and fiscal decen-

WSDBs and the use of revenues from

O&M instruments provides the WSDBs

tralisation, prerequisites to meet the

water sale).

daily/monthly with the necessary tech-

MDG targets and to reduce poverty.

The team of the Water Board in Asesewa

Imprint For further information: Eastern and Volta Region Assistance Project (EVORAP) P.O. Box 9698 KIA Accra, Ghana Phone: +233 21 225 602 Fax: +233 21 225 602 [email protected]

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180, 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

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Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: Kenya Project: Ministry of Water and Irrigation / GTZ Water Sector Reform Programme WI / GTZ WSRP Term: 2003 – 2013 Total funding: € 5,000,000 for phase 2 (2005 – 2007)

Water Sector Reform Programme Context Inadequate access to safe and effi-

commercialise water supply and

viding technical support to WSPs.

ciently managed water supplies and

sewerage operations to give pro-

The WSBs operate under a license

sanitation is the main challenge fac-

viders incentives for better service.

issued by the Water Services Regula-

<

ing the Kenyan water sector. Prior to

tory Board. The regulator determines

reforms the ineffectiveness of the

For the implementation of these

the overall regulatory framework un-

sector has been attributed to several

reforms a number of institutions have

der which the WSB and the WSP op-

factors including a centrally oriented

been established. On the water re-

erate, give guidance on sector issues,

structure in which responsibilities

sources side, the regional offices of

determine standards, set tariff guide-

have been unclear, little attention has

the Water Resources Management

lines and advise on sector policy is-

been given to water resource man-

Authority are supported by Catch-

sues.

agement, and there has been little in-

ment Area Advisory Committees with

centive for better performance.

the aim of bringing together different

The Water Act also creates an Ap-

stakeholder interests and represent-

peals Board, which handles appeals

ing the interests of Water Resources

and disputes in the sector.

The Kenyan government passed a new Water Act in 2002 with the inten-

User Associations.

tion of improving the sector through extensive reform. The reforms will <

<

<

On the water services side, regional

decentralise the current structure

water services boards (WSB) are en-

so that responsibilities clearly lie at

trusted with the overall responsibility

the regional and local levels

of service provision. They are re-

separate policy functions and regu-

quired, however, to use water service

lation, as well as ownership of as-

providers (WSP) as agents for direct

sets and water services

service delivery. The WSB is limited to

separate water supply and sewer-

managing and developing assets,

age operations and water resource

monitoring the performance of WSPs

management

and – in defined circumstances – procommissioned by:

Water quality testing by water service provider

Water supply services at a water kiosk Water hyacinth at Nairobi dam

Project Water resource management. The

that were previously managed by four

(WSRP) assists new institutions estab-

Programme helps the Catchment

local authorities. Also, two of the wa-

lished under the Water Act in getting

Area Advisory Committees in two

ter services providers that had been

operational and becoming effective. It

basins to develop and implement

supported in commercialising water

also helps to develop and enforce the

catchment management strategies

services under previous programmes

rules that govern the provision of serv-

effectively. Community participa-

can now meet their operation and

ices and management of resources.

tion is at the core of their activities.

maintenance costs.

The Water Sector Reform Programme

<

Public relations and communica-

In the water resources manage-

proach and operates at national, re-

tion. The WSRP assists sector in-

ment sector, the WSRP lent its sup-

gional and local levels. To achieve

stitutions in planning and imple-

port to the development of a national

tangible impacts at the regional and

menting communication activities,

Catchment Management Strategy

local levels, the WSRP focuses its

which build broad agreement and

(CMS) framework, paving the way for

activities in the Western and Central

support for the reforms and the

development of CMS for respective

Regions of Kenya. The Programme

activities of the new institutions.

basins.

The WSRP applies a multi-level ap-

<

consists of 4 components: <

Policy development, regulation and institutional reform of the

Impact

water and sanitation sub-sector.

of the reform is being adopted through information and consultation with

The Programme advises on reform

The Water Sector Reform Programme

stakeholders. In the same way, both

implementation, supports the de-

is currently in its second phase. Phase

the Ministry’s draft Plan of Transfer of

velopment and enforcement of an

one lasted from 2003 to 2004.

Water Services to Water Services

effective regulatory framework for

<

Consensus on the implementation

Boards document and the Model

providing effective and efficient wa-

The WSRP has had much success

Service Provision Agreement by the

ter services and the establishment

so far. All three of the currently

Water Services Regulatory Board

of regional institutions.

supported regional water services

document have been successfully re-

boards have signed performance

viewed, also backed by public consultation.

Commercialisation of water sup-

agreements with water services pro-

ply and sewerage companies.

viders that are bound by legitimate

The WSRP seeks to create susta-

minimal standards.

inable

services

by

supporting

the establishment of commercially

As a water services provider, the

oriented and autonomous water

new Nzoia Water and Sewerage Com-

service providers.

pany now solely manages services

Imprint For further information: GTZ-Water Sector Reform Programme (WSRP) Ministry of Water & Irrigation Maji House, 4th floor Ngong Road P0 Box 19512 00202 Nairobi, Kenya [email protected]

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180, 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

Design by: www.creativerepublic.net, © 2005 Photos: © GTZ Printed on 100% recycled paper

Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: United Republic of Tanzania Project: Support to the Water Sector Reform Term: 2002 – 2011 Total funding: € 4,825,000 for phase 2 (2004 – 2006)

Support to the Water Sector Reform Programme Context The sector has maintained coverage

Development

of access to water in urban centres at

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

Goals

(2015),

the

73.5% in 2004 for the second con-

(PRSP) and the National Strategy for

secutive year, and has raised the

Growth and Reduction of Poverty

sewerage service coverage from 10%

(MKUKUTA) respectively, and the

in June 2000 to 17% in June 2004.

National Water Policy.

<

Legislatory and regulatory as well as institutional frameworks are not compatible with new policies

<

Poor consideration of sanitation and health issues

<

This coverage enables about 25% of

Lack of awareness about the new policy approach and its conse-

the waste water generated daily to be

The main aim of the National Water

collected and disposed through sew-

Policy, 2002, is to develop a compre-

erage systems.

hensive framework of sustainable development and management of the

Rural water supply service cover-

Nation’s water resources, in which an

age has increased from 48.5% in the

effective legal and institutional frame-

year 2000 to 53.5% in the year 2004,

work for its implementation will be

which is below the 2003 Poverty

put in place.

quences <

Human resources capacities do not meet the challenges

<

Poor data collection, processing and monitoring capacities.

Project

Reduction target of 55%. The sanitation coverage levels for Tanzania re-

Main problems, which are actually

The GTZ cooperation in the water

mained at 85% according to the

hampering the development of the

sector has been extended and focus-

Household

water sector, are:

es on five major components:

Budget

Survey

of

2000/2001. However, health education and hygiene practices among

<

communities are poor. <

The framework for water sector development in Tanzania is derived from the Vision 2025, the Millennium commissioned by:

<

Inadequate coordination of water

<

Institutional and legal reforms

sector reform activities

<

Communication and advocacy

Fragmented financing of develop-

<

Capacity building

ment projects

<

Investment planning

Lack of clarity with regard to small

<

Support to water user entities.

towns development

Impact The overall Programme objective is

The expected impact of the GTZ in-

water to poor people, helping to en-

to sustainably improve drinking water

tervention touches all aspects and all

hance their living conditions in the

and sanitation services for the urban

levels of the water sector. The future

long-term.

and rural population.

framework for sector development is being built in a comprehensive and

Transferring responsibility to com-

Key methodological elements ap-

coherent manner and will ultimately

munity and water-user group levels

plied by the Programme include the

lead to targeted and coordinated in-

encourages participants to take on

vertical and horizontal networking of

vestment into the sector along the

sole responsibility for operation and

institutions that play an important role

lines of a sector-wide approach

maintenance and promote their man-

in water supply and sanitation at the

(SWAp). Roles and responsibilities will

agement skills. This also has a posi-

local and national levels. It provides

change in order to provide for ac-

tive impact in other areas, such as

the Ministry of Water and Livestock

countability on all levels, decentrali-

community development activities.

Development (MoWLD) with sector-

sation, empowerment of communities

The restructuring of the water sector

specific and methodological advice

and efficiency. The enabling legisla-

will provide new opportunities for

on implementing the water sector

tion will be the tool to implement the

women at the local level in particular.

policy. This covers the institutional

sector reform. Elimination of conflicts

Mainstreaming the issue of HIV/AIDS

and legal framework conditions, pub-

of interest and duplication of efforts is

is expected to yield a positive health

lic relations measures, and upgrading

an important impact in the long-term

impact in the medium term and will

staff performance. At the local level,

future. Government institutions will

help maintain human capacities in the

the MoWLD’s reform objectives are

have to adjust to the new roles and

water sector.

being implemented on exemplary ba-

responsibilities and implement new

sis by providing advisory services to

organisational structures and work

water utilities and associations.

procedures.

The Programme plays a significant

The Programme’s main intervention

role in helping to achieve Tanzanian

focus is at the macro level. The target

development objectives derived from

group will only be reached as a result

the MDGs and as outlined in the

of cooperation with intermediaries.

MKUKUTA and the National Water

It is anticipated that the Programme

Sector Development Strategy.

will improve the supply of drinking

Imprint For further information: Support to the Water Sector Reform Programme c/o GTZ Office Dar es Salaam P.O.Box 1519 Dar es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania Phone: +255 744 897 207 Fax: +255 222 139 832 [email protected]

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

Design by: www.creativerepublic.net, © 2005 Photos: © GTZ Printed on 100% recycled paper

Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: Uganda Project: Development of the Water Sector Term: 2002 – 2008 Total funding: € 3,500,000 for phase 2 (2005 – 2008)

Programme for the Development of the Water Sector Context

Project

The supply of hygienically safe drink-

The Government of Uganda through

SWAp, the programme is an active

ing water to the urban population of

the Ministry of Water, Lands and Envi-

member in the Water and Sanitation

Uganda and the level of sanitation in

ronment (MWLE) is reforming the wa-

Sector Working Group, a high level

urban areas are poor. Currently only

ter and sanitation sector to address

decision-making and steering com-

67% of the urban population has ac-

the challenges of delivering high qual-

mittee that coordinates the work of all

cess to safe water supply and only

ity services in an equitable, affordable

stakeholders in the sector. The devel-

8% are connected to a centralised

and sustainable manner.

opment partner contributions to the

waste water system. Despite abun-

sector are coordinated through the

dant water resources water is expen-

The reform initiatives directly con-

Water and Sanitation Sector Develop-

sive, primarily due to management

tribute towards the Government of

ment Partner Group. Sector progress

and governance problems. This often

Uganda’s commitment to meet the

is monitored by all stakeholders bian-

leads to the highest costs for the ur-

MDGs. Furthermore achievements of

nually during the Joint Sector and

ban poor. Therefore reforms in the

strategic activities in the water sector

Joint Technical Reviews.

sector shall provide better access to

are linked to the Ugandan Poverty

safe water and sanitation services,

Eradication Action Plan and the Pov-

specifically for the poor, whose living

erty Reduction Support Credit.

conditions will improve. This will be achieved through higher efficiency and effectiveness.

The key objectives in the urban water and sanitation sub-sector of the RUWAS support are to:

GTZ is supporting the reforms in

<

the urban water and sanitation sub-

and regulatory framework to en-

sector since 2002 under a programme

hance stable governance and re-

called Reform of the Urban Water

duce the financial and management

Sector (RUWAS).

burden on Government <

commissioned by:

Strengthen the legal, institutional

Establish a clear separation of the

The RUWAS Programme is part of

sector’s core functions of regula-

the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp)

tion, asset management/investment

that was adopted in 2002. Within the

and operations

Water supply through a public standpipe

Improvement of operational performance though better communication

Impact <

<

Improve the operational and finan-

One of the key impacts to date is the

cial performance of water and

agreement on the road maps for the

structure

sewerage utilities through the pro-

transformation of NWSC into an asset

policy. The pro-poor tariff structure is

motion of private sector participa-

holding authority and strengthening

financed by higher water tariffs for

tion in the delivery of services

of the existing regulatory framework

industrial and commercial consum-

Develop and implement pro-poor

at the 2005 Joint Sector Review.

ers. The social connection policy is

strategies to provide affordable, eq-

NWSC introduced a pro-poor tariff and

social

connection

funded by a 10% increase on all

uitable and sustainable access to

The water supply in towns under

water tariffs and was introduced in

water and sanitation facilities and

NWSC clearly improved between

2004. This allowed the average price

services with the target of achieving

1998 and 2005. This was partly a re-

for new connections to be lowered

full coverage by the year 2015.

sult of international private sector par-

from € 112 to € 22, benefiting mainly

ticipation (PSP) but more significantly

poor households in peri-urban areas.

Assistance is provided to sector

due to internal reforms and the intro-

institutions like the MWLE, the Direc-

duction of the Internally Delegated

The management of water supply

torate of Water Development, the

Area Management Contracts in 2004.

and sanitation in small towns im-

National Water and Sewerage Corpo-

<

The number of water connections

proved since it was delegated to the

ration (NWSC) and the Association of

increased from 50,826 to 123,046

local administrations. This was part of

Private Water Operators. The Pro-

while coverage increased from 47%

the ongoing decentralisation process

gramme also assists in coordinating

to 67%

and involvement of local private water

and utilising the different modes of

Collection efficiency increased from

operators (LPO) between 2002/03 and

delivery of German development co-

60% to 89% with the percentage of

2004/05. Of 61 towns with piped

operation in the sector.

inactive accounts decreasing from

water systems and water boards, 58

38% to 14%

(formerly 38) are operated under

Staff per 1000 connection fell from

management contracts by 15 LPOs.

36 to 9

The number of active connections

Operating profits (without deprecia-

went up from 8.704 to 11.717 while

tion and financing costs) rose from

the coverage of operating costs in-

UGX 1.49 billion (€ 670,000) to UGX

creased from 61% to 77%. Coverage

14.85 billion (€ 6.75 million).

increased from 63 % to 66 %.

<

<

<

Imprint For further information: RUWAS c/o GTZ Office Kampala P.O. Box 10346 Kampala, Uganda Phone: +256 31 263 069 +256 31 263 070 Fax: +256 41 234 685 +256 41 348 860 [email protected] www.ruwas.co.ug

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

Design by: www.creativerepublic.net, © 2005 Photos: © GTZ Printed on 100% recycled paper

Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: Zambia Project: Water Sector Reform Programme Term: 2004 – 2012 Total funding: € 4,800,000 for phase 1 (2004 – 2006)

Water Sector Reform Programme Context Over the past decades, income pov-

Lack of information makes it impos-

Support of commercialisation of

erty in Zambia has increased, reach-

sible to plan object-oriented. In order

WSS with establishment and capacity

ing 72.9% of the population in 1998.

to reverse these trends, the Zambian

building of Commercial Utilities (CU -

Extreme poverty also rose and ex-

Government embarked in 1994 on a

providers for urban and low-income

tends to over half the population

profound Water Sector Reform, so far

areas, shareholder companies in pub-

(58.2%). Already 43% of the popula-

largely implemented in the urban and

lic ownership), large enough to gener-

tion live in towns and up to 80% (3.9

to some extent rural water supply and

ate economies of scale in order to

million) reside in low income areas.

sanitation (WSS) sub-sector.

offer reasonable tariffs, especially for

This is expected to increase further as low income areas absorbing the majority of the population growth.

the poor, through cross-subsidies.

Project

Establishment of an effective sector supervision and regulation for

Although Zambia has abundant

Since the adoption of a new National

urban and peri-urban WSS through

water resources, a new detailed

Water Policy in 1994 by the Zambian

the Ministry of Local Government and

baseline study indicates that only

Government, German support has

Housing (MLGH) and the regulator

47% of the urban population have

substantially increased. Currently,

National Water and Sanitation Council

adequate and sustainable access to

GTZ supports Zambian institutions to

(NWASCO). This includes a regulatory

clean drinking water and only 43% of

achieve the goals of the ongoing re-

regime focusing on sustainable ser-

the urban population has access to

form phase: consolidate the reform

vice provision in the sector for the en-

adequate sanitary facilities. Since

for urban WSS, accelerate implemen-

tire population with specific solutions

decades cholera arises regularly in

tation of the national sector policy for

for the urban poor.

these areas, due to the fact that

the urban poor and rural WSS as well

waste water enters the ailing water

as for water resource management.

Scaling up of the Devolution Trust

pipe system or pollute resources,

The focal points of the cooperation

Fund (DTF) (poverty basket), which

and natural habitats.

are:

assists commercial utilities to finance

commissioned by:

the extension of WSS services to the

tance for streamlining issues such as

New legislation gave the institu-

urban poor and to put a sustainable

poverty orientation, achievement of

tional set-up the necessary legal

management system in place.

MDGs, good water governance and

backing. It enabled improvements in

sustainability.

governance and supported paradigm

Setting up a sector-wide informa-

changes on the different levels within

tion system (NWASCO Information

The long standing engagement and

System - NIS) starting with the urban

the very close involvement in the

and low-cost areas. This also includes

Zambian water sector reform enables

Pilot projects of the DTF, which

guidelines on countrywide reporting.

German agencies to understand the

were initially supported by GTZ and

a relatively short period.

local system. It also helps to identify

then also funded by other donors, of-

Establishment of Integrated Water

suitable incentive mechanisms, to as-

fered sustainable access to safe wa-

Resources Management (IWRM)

sess feasibility and absorption of in-

ter for additional 80,000 people in

following the Johannesburg declara-

put as well as the will to reform.

low-income urban areas. In order to

tion and SADC guidelines on river

achieve the MDGs for water supply

based management through a sector

additional low-cost infrastructure for

reform unit.

Impact

approximately 1.75 million inhabitants have to be put in place by 2015.

Support to programming in the

The outsourcing of functions from the

Therefore, the GTZ programme sup-

sector through the Sector Advisory

Ministries to other autonomous and

ports the DTF today to obtain and

Group (SAG / Ministry of Energy and

professionally managed government

manage

Water Development - MEWD) includ-

institutions opened a range of oppor-

resources for an implementation on a

ing the promotion of a sector wide

tunities and improved sector perform-

much larger scale.

approach (SWAp) with the aim of

ance. Additionally, stakeholder par-

achieving coordination among the key

ticipation was integrated into the new

stakeholders.

structures and a strong involvement

the

necessary

financial

of the private sector (commercialisaIn order to foster vertical and hori-

tion and private sector participation)

zontal cross-linkages in the sector the

was supported. The average daily

GTZ support is targeted on national

supply time for water increased from

and local level including autonomous

8 to 16 hours and the average collec-

government institutions (statutory

tion rate is now over 70%. Water

bodies), the private sector (CUs) and

quality, customer satisfaction and

the two involved Ministries (MEWD,

cost recovery has substantially im-

MLGH). This is of particular impor-

proved and is still rising.

Imprint For further information: Water Sector Reform Programme c/o GTZ-PAS P.B. RW 37X ZA 15102, Zambia Phone: +260 1 22 92 81 Fax: +260 1 22 92 81 [email protected]

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180, 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

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Status: 12/2005