Water - A Key To Sustainable Development 1

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Topicsheet

OVERVIEW Section: Water and Sanitation

Water – a Key for Sustainable Development Context

Our Experience

The central problem within the wa-

GTZ is currently involved in water-re-

cies, water laws, organisational re-

ter sector is the lack of adequate ac-

lated projects in 34 countries and one

structuring of relevant ministries,

cess to safe water supply and basic

region (SADC). Water is a priority area

setting up regulatory bodies, de-

sanitation. This is intensified through

in our projects in 23 of these coun-

centralising water supply

rapid population growth; at the same

tries (8 in sub-Saharan Africa, 6 in the

time the amount of available water

Middle East/North Africa, 3 in Latin

Developing and implementing sus-

decreases due to pollution, overuse

America, 3 in Asia and 3 in Central

tainable water management strate-

and climate change. Additionally, inef-

and Eastern Europe).

gies, water master plans, monitor-

<

ficient public utilities and ineffective

Water resources management.

ing systems, water permits for with-

institutions are an obstacle for the

In these countries we support our

development of a clear and coherent

partners in the following key areas:

sector policy. Appropriate laws and

<

drawal of water and discharge of waste water, water rights, raw water

Water supply. Setting up water

management Transboundary water manage-

regulations need to be established,

supply providers, improving opera-

implemented and monitored. In many

tion and management, human re-

ment. Establishing and strengthen-

cases this is impeded through unclear

sources management, curriculum

ing of river basin commissions, in-

responsibilities and an overlap of reg-

development, implementing eco-

formation exchange, network build-

ulatory and operational functions. Fur-

nomic management (improving ef-

ing, conflict prevention, harmonisa-

thermore, reform and decentralisation

ficiency and cost recovery)

tion of water policies within a region

processes often proceed slowly.

<

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Sanitation. Cost-efficient sanitation solutions, promotion of ecological

Other areas of activities include

There is a need of improvement in

sanitation concepts (ecosan), hy-

waste water management and reuse,

the management of water resources;

giene education, and awareness

irrigation management and establish-

competition between different users

campaigns on the links between

ing of water user groups.

on local, national and international

water and health

level (drinking water – industry – agriculture) is increasing.

<

Reform of the water sector. Developing and implementing water poli-

Hygiene education for nurses Motto: Water is Life, Money & Development

Water kiosk

Mission and Approach Reducing poverty and safeguarding

A sustainable management of water

Achieving the water related Millen-

the health of people in developing

resources contributes to the protec-

nium Development Goals (MDG) is

countries are key aims of German

tion of environment and conservation

a big challenge. Worldwide, 1.1 bil-

Development Cooperation. The water

of ecosystems. This also improves the

lion people do not have access to

sector plays a fundamental role here.

quality of life. We develop and imple-

safe drinking water, 2.6 billion peo-

The proportion of the population with-

ment our water-sector projects in line

ple are lacking adequate sanitation

out sufficient water supply and sani-

with the principles of Integrated Water

facilities.

tation is to be halved by 2015 as part

Resources Management (IWRM). The

of the MDGs and the German Gov-

coordinated management of water,

ernment’s Programme of Action 2015

land and other relevant resources is

on poverty reduction. Our water

designed to improve both economic

Over many years we have gained a

projects do target poverty reduction

and social wealth, while taking into ac-

wealth of experience in the water and

by securing access to clean drinking

count the vulnerability of vital ecosys-

sanitation sector and have at our

water and adequate sanitation sys-

tems. This requires concerted cross-

disposal a range of proven concepts.

tems, especially for the poor, at so-

sectoral activities at all levels in order

Our projects tackle the key bottle-

cially acceptable prices. This also

to bring about structural changes.

necks in the water sector. GTZ sup-

Our Services

ports complex reform and change

helps to stem waterborne diseases.

processes by advising partners on Participation is a fundamental element of our work. Especially women

Waterless rural villages commonly rely on water peddlers

shaping and implementing modern water-policy principles.

have to be involved. Usually they are responsible for water supply and sani-

In cooperation with our partners

tation and therefore important inter-

we create appropriate institutional

mediaries. The availability of water is

and legal frameworks, efficient or-

indispensable for economic growth

ganisations, companies and effective

(industry, agriculture etc.). To assure

administrative structures at macro,

the environment for an economic and

meso and micro level. For us, it is

social development, prevention and

essential to incorporate social, cul-

avoidance of conflicts over water re-

tural and environmental aspects into

sources are essential.

these activities.

Imprint For further information & published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180, 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79-1327 Fax: +49 6196 79-80 13 27 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

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Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Topicsheet

Section: Water and Sanitation

ecosan – recycling-oriented wastewater management and sanitation systems Context Ecological sanitation (ecosan) is a

German Development Cooperation

new paradigm in sanitation that

considers ecosan as a new approach

recognises human excreta and house-

with a high potential to resolve the

hold wastewater not as waste but as

pressing problems related to the glo-

resources that can be recovered,

bal water and sanitation crisis and to

treated where necessary and safely

help achieve the MDGs.

<

semination

of

knowledge

and

information on ecosan issues <

support of the worldwide ecosan network

<

used again.

lobbying for and promotion of ecosan concepts

<

Ideally, ecosan systems enable a

collection, development and dis-

Approach

implementation of ecosan pilot and demonstration projects.

complete recovery of nutrients in wastewater and their reuse in agricul-

On behalf of the German Federal

ture. In this way, they help preserve

Ministry for Economic Cooperation

soil fertility and safeguard long-term

and Development (BMZ), GTZ started

food security, whilst minimising the

an international ecosan research and

consumption and pollution of water

development program in 2001.

resources. The aim of the program is to estabConventional sanitation technolo-

lish ecological sanitation concepts as

gies are coming under increasing

an internationally recognised innova-

criticism for being economically and

tive approach and to contribute to

ecologically unsustainable. It is evident

improved sustainability of water and

that the United Nations Millennium

sanitation projects in development

Development Goals (MDG) cannot be

cooperation. The activities of the GTZ

achieved by conventional sanitation

ecosan program include: Banana plantation fertilised with recycled excreta from a public toilet center. Top picture: construction site of school toilets (both India)

solutions alone and that alternative approaches are urgently needed. commissioned by:

Modular urine storage tanks and urine-diverting flush toilet (Germany)

ecosan workshop (Botswana) and biogas reactor (India)

Impacts Since beginning work, GTZ‘s ecosan

GTZ is implementing pilot projects in

In Botswana, a community based

program has gained an international

Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Europe

project established ecosan urine divert-

reputation. Thanks to the efforts of GTZ

and Latin America. The aim of these

ing dry toilets for individual households.

and its partners, ecological sanitation is

pilot projects is to develop, test and

While urine is stored separately, faeces,

now emerging as a valid and promising

adapt ecological sanitation technolo-

organic waste and animal manure are

sustainable solution in the international

gies, organisational schemes and reuse

treated together in a composting unit for

sanitation discourse.

concepts, and to eventually obtain

sanitisation. The safe recycling of excreta

showcases for demonstration, training

as fertilisers has improved agricultural

and duplication.

productivity and ensures the protection

GTZ was instrumental in organising a number of major conferences that have

of health and the environment.

catalysed the networking of international

In India, for example, a public toilet

ecosan experts and initiated the strate-

block has been installed in a slum area

GTZ is also implementing a urine-

gic dialogue on mainstreaming ecologi-

of Bangalore, providing clean sanitation

diverting sanitation system within its

cal sanitation.

services at low cost to poor inhabitants.

main office building in Germany to

Faeces and urine are collected sepa-

underline GTZ’s commitment to innova-

The information service of the GTZ

rately and reused in the city outskirts for

tive ecological sanitation concepts and

ecosan program has proved to be very

fertilising a banana plantation and for

to demonstrate their potential in a mod-

popular. A quarterly newsletter in five

energy production in a biogas plant.

ern urban context.

languages and the GTZ ecosan website provide extensive and up-to-date information. Publications such as the data sheets on ecosan projects and ecosan technologies make available experience from projects around the world. GTZ has also contributed to the formulation of international guidelines relevant to ecological sanitation, including upcoming guidelines for the safe use of excreta and greywater from the WHO, and guidelines for ecosan capacity building with the UNESCO.

Imprint For further information: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH GTZ – ecosan program PO Box 5180 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +496196 79-4221 Fax: +496196 79-7458 [email protected] www.gtz.de/ecosan

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

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Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: Republic of Yemen Project: Institutional Development of the Water Sector Term: 1997 – 2015 Total funding: € 23,000,000 (1994 – 2009)

Institutional Development of the Water Sector Context Yemen is a country of grave water

tants need to have access to safe

dialogue and public awareness until

shortages that relies on groundwater

drinking water and basic sanitation if

they function at a high standard. In

the MDG is to be reached in 2015.

addition, advisory committees to the

for supply. Only

125m3

is available

annually per capita, and groundwater is being heavily overexploited and polluted. In some regions, abstraction

water utilities representing local inter-

Project

exceeds recharge by 400%. This en-

ests such as those of the poor and of women have been established and given support. The advisory commit-

dangers not only the drinking water

The Programme represents a multi-

tees play a pivotal role, especially in

supply for rural and urban areas, but

level approach. On the national level,

setting pro-poor water tariffs and im-

also the livelihoods of small-scale

the Ministry of Water and Environ-

proving services to the customers. In

agricultural farmers. It is estimated

ment is being supported in the imple-

addition, public information centres

that more than 90% of water resour-

mentation of the National Water Sec-

have been set up to promote hygiene

ces are spent on irrigation. About 53%

tor Strategy and Investment Plan,

education,

of the urban population has no access

which was developed with the assis-

campaigns and train field workers for

to centralised water supply systems,

tance of GTZ to the Technical Secre-

customer dialogue.

and about 75% has no access to cen-

tariat (TS) for Water Supply and Sani-

tralised sanitation services.

tation Sector Reform. The TS also fa-

On the cross-cutting level, GTZ

cilitates the decentralisation process

supports the National Water and Sani-

conduct

water-saving

Although sector development has

in the urban water supply and sanita-

tation Authority in extending and im-

made significant progress in the past

tion. It prepares the legal documents

plementing the National Training Pro-

ten years, water sector organisations

for establishing decentralised and

gramme for the water supply and

still need intensive capacity develop-

commercialised urban water utilities.

sanitation sector. Parts of a coherent

ment to improve effectiveness and

qualification programme have been

performance. Many towns and rural

On the local level, GTZ supports the

established, which attracts personnel

areas still lack a safe water supply.

decentralised utilities in the fields of

from water utilities in particular. The

More than three million urban inhabi-

management, operations, customer

National Training Programme offers a

commissioned by:

National Training Programme for technicians

Maintenance of a waste water treatment plant

Impact wide range of qualification opportuni-

Within the framework of a develop-

Technical Cooperation has so far re-

ties, from top management to techni-

ing sector-wide approach, the Pro-

sulted in a significant improvement in

cians and craftsmen.

gramme is closely coordinated with

the institutional framework conditions

other donors, such as the World Bank,

for the water sector. Now Yemen has

On the regional level, integrated

the EU, UNDP and the Netherlands.

not only a water policy and a strategy

water resources management is be-

Through its institutional capacity

for water management, but also a

ing introduced. GTZ has recently

building GTZ enables Yemeni water

detailed investment plan for 2005-

started to support the National Water

sector institutions to absorb budget

2009 setting out priorities and areas

Resources Authority in establishing

aid support and financial aid tied to

of activity. This provides a sound ba-

water basin committees and water

infrastructure investment. The Pro-

sis for improving development in the

resources management plans for re-

gramme is being implemented in

water sector and encouraging invest-

gions facing a water crisis. Sound

close collaboration with other Ger-

ment by other donors. In addition, the

water management has become a

man development organisations such

decentralisation process has passed

prerequisite for increasing the number

as the KfW development bank (pro-

several milestones and is continuing.

of people with access to a safe water

viding financing for the infrastructure),

With the assistance of German Devel-

supply. Thus a holistic approach com-

the Federal Institution for Geoscien-

opment Cooperation, 12 autonomous

bining water supply and water re-

ces and Natural Resources (BGR),

and semi-autonomous water utilities

sources management is being fol-

German Development Service (DED)

offer water supply and sanitation

lowed.

and the Centrum für Internationale

services to the urban population in

Migration und Entwicklung (CIM). The

medium-sized towns. An urban popu-

Programme is an integral part of

lation of about one million has now

German support to Yemen in the focal

access to safe drinking water and

area of water.

sanitation services. Of these, about 60% are poor people living below the

Hygiene education for nurses

poverty line. The successful concept for developing independent water utilities is being implemented in other towns in Yemen by the Yemeni authorities and other donors.

Imprint For further information: GTZ Water Programme P.O. Box 692 Sana´a / Republic of Yemen Phone: +967 7321 2807 [email protected]

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180, 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

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Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: The Philippines Project: Water, Sanitation and Solid Waste Management Programme Term: 1998 – 2009 Total funding: € 5,150,000 (per 3-year-phases)

Water, Sanitation and Solid Waste Management Programme Context The Philippines, although known to

more than 20 different government

through enabling partnerships and

have abundant water resources, is

institutions, as well as lack of funds

active local participation. Its core ac-

presently confronted with a crisis in

and qualified staff hinder the imple-

tivities include advisory services on

the water sector. Ensuring the long-

mentation of laws, recommendations,

long term strategic sector planning,

term availability of adequate supplies

and strategies.

capacity development, knowledge

of clean water at a reasonable price is

management, pilot demonstration ac-

one of the greatest challenges. Rapid

tivities on low cost sanitation options

population growth, economic devel-

Project

opment, urbanisation and industriali-

(ecosan) and support to local associations.

sation have taken its toll on the water

The Programme plays a key role with-

resources resulting in an increased

in the Philippine-German Cooperation

The Programme adopts the guiding

competition for water supply, irriga-

in supporting the economic, social

principles of Integrated Water Re-

tion and hydropower. Furthermore,

and political development of the Phil-

sources Management (IWRM), which

increased water pollution, degrada-

ippines. It is composed of three com-

promotes efficiency and sustainability

tion of the watersheds and the inad-

ponents: water and sanitation, raw

on all levels of intervention. On a

equate government support to the

water pricing and solid waste man-

macro scale, together with the De-

sector programmes have aggravated

agement. The Programme is designed

partment of the Interior and Local

the situation. Hence, there is a need

to improve the living conditions of the

Government Water and Sanitation

for the implementation of an integra-

rural and poor population in selected

Programme Management Office, ca-

ted, coherent and sustainable water

areas through the strengthening of

pacity-building activities for local gov-

resources management programme.

governmental organisations on na-

ernment units are carried out directly

tional, provincial and municipal levels

and efficiently. The National Water

The causes of the sector problems

of administration. With 10 years of

Resources Board is supported in its

are mainly due to institutional frag-

experience in the sector, the Pro-

decentralisation plan and the devel-

mentation. Unclear responsibilities

gramme continues to establish a ba-

opment of a raw water pricing model

and missing coordination among

sis for success and sustainability

in pilot provinces in the Visayas.

commissioned by:

Local presents his new ecological sanitation (‘ecosan’) toilet to the participants of the “1st Ecosan Training on Low-Cost Sanitation for Rural Areas in the Philippines” The over-exploitation of groundwater increasingly threatens Philippine raw water resources. The Programme supports the improvement of the control and management of raw water resources in pilot provinces of the Visayas

Impact The principle of integrated policy and

Promotion of policy and institutional

agencies, non-governmental organi-

institutional frameworks is well advo-

reforms has led to the drawing up of

sations and academic institutions.

cated through the Programme’s sup-

a sector roadmap, which defines the

The cooperation with agencies like

port to the newly-created Water and

strategic roles of key water agencies

the World Bank – Water and Sanita-

Sanitation Coordinating Office under

and enhances the coordination of

tion Programme and the Asian Devel-

the National Anti-Poverty Commis-

water-related programmes and devel-

opment Bank has ensured the con-

sion, which aims to define the levels

opments.

tinuous development of strategies and

of integration of various government

promotion of potential alternatives

agencies, aid in policy formulation,

Management and planning tools

and viable solutions on sustainable

and improve the coordination of sec-

such as Geographic Information Sys-

sanitation and waste water manage-

tor programmes and activities.

tems, Knowledge Management and

ment.

Benchmarking are applied to strengthThe collaboration with the Environ-

en and upgrade the sector database

The advisory services on all levels

mental Management Bureau of the

and ensure the efficient exchange of

of intervention have extensively con-

Department of Environment and Natu-

information among the agencies.

tributed to the building up of sector

ral Resources strengthens their capa-

institutions

geared

towards

the

bility to establish and operate inte-

The first implemented ecosan facili-

achievement of the Medium-Term

grated solid waste management sys-

ties in the Visayas region are closing

Philippine Development Plan and the

tems in an economically and environ-

the loop between sanitation and agri-

Millennium Development Goals.

mentally sustainable manner. Advisory

culture. The technology is easily

services are extended to selected

adoptable, beneficial for the local

Provincial Planning and Development

economy, encourages networking

Offices to promote integrated plan-

and knowledge sharing and provides

ning with all sector stakeholders. On a

local people with a healthy sanitation

micro scale, the Bantayan Island Wa-

facility.

ter Association is a classic model demonstrating both island-wide eco-

A high level of synergy and optimal

system approach and inter-sectoral

use of resources have been achieved

and participatory-based management

through the collaboration with other

of water resources.

German institutions, foreign donor The Philippines face severe problems of environmental pollution caused by waste dumps and the wasteful loss of resources due to steadily increasing waste volumes

Imprint For further information: DILG-GTZ Water, Sanitation and Solid Waste Programme, 5th Floor, Francisco Gold Condominium II, EDSA corner Mapagmahal Street, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines Phone: +63 2 927-1875 Fax: +63 2 927-1884 [email protected] www.watsansolid.gov.ph

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

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Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: Mexico Project: Integrated Watershed Management: Lerma River in the Valley of Toluca Term: 2002 – 2010 Total funding: € 2,000,000 for phase 2 (2005 – 2008)

Integrated Watershed Management: Lerma River in the Valley of Toluca Context

Project

Due to excessive water consumption

mountain slopes and the shift in land

The project assists the Mexico state

in Toluca Valley in the federal state of

use has raised surface runoff, which

office of the National Water Commis-

Mexico, especially for potable water

causes pronounced erosion, impairs

sion (Comisión Nacional Del Agua –

(about 80% of the extraction, 60% of

natural groundwater replenishment

CONAGUA) in involving the different

this for Mexico City), the groundwater

and continuously worsens the water

water users already at the planning

level has dropped sharply and contin-

shortage at the same time.

and decision-making stage and strik-

ues to decline by more than 1m a

ing a balance of interests for sustain-

year on average. Additionally, un-

With the lack of alternative water

able water management.

treated sewage and inadequate solid

resources, this situation also jeopard-

waste disposal pollutes surface water

ises water supply in the whole water-

The GTZ-CONAGUA project has

and groundwater.

shed and the region around Mexico

promoted both the foundation of the

City in the medium term. As a result of

autonomous organization of ground-

The watershed of the aquifer in

the rapid drop in groundwater level,

water users, the Technical Groundwa-

Toluca Valley is located in the upper

most of the previously numerous high-

ter Committee (Comité Técnico de

reaches of the Lerma River and

flow sources have dried up and sur-

Aguas Subterráneas – COTAS), and

covers 23 municipalities with about

face water is unusable for water sup-

the Interinstitutional Technical Con-

2 million inhabitants and 10 industrial

ply due to a high level of pollution.

sultative Group (Grupo Técnico Con-

zones on an area of 2,738 km2.

sultivo Interinstitucional – GTCI). GTCI Frequently ill-defined competencies

consists of representatives from rele-

Water shortage is the result of high

and lack of readiness on the part of

vant federal state institutions. Another

and increasing water extraction and

stakeholders to cooperate hamper

important group are the 23 munici-

the rapid decline in natural groundwa-

integrated water and watershed man-

palities and towns in the watershed

ter replenishment. The deforestation

agement and a rapid solution to the

with whom participatory local activi-

of the main seepage areas on the

problem.

ties are initiated for the management

commissioned by:

Impact plan. These three groups facilitate the

Outputs or results achieved to date:

participation of the federal state gov-

<

<

Raising awareness in the municipal

Mobilization of the different user

council of a pilot community (10,000

groups and foundation of COTAS

inhabitants) of its examplary role

as a public-benefit company

and support of the pilot project for

Agreement reached with the federal

using rainwater for sanitation in a

planning of water management on a

state institutions on founding the

school and running joint campaigns

broad basis.

inter-institutional technical group of

for improving payment discipline in

experts, GTCI

the water sector and installing wa-

ernment, the urban authorities and the organized population in solving the problem to ensure an orderly

Parallel to the management plan-

<

<

Drafting of a land register for landfill

ter meters in private households

ning for the aquifer and its watershed,

sites including risk assessment,

pilot demonstration projects are car-

diagnosis of environmental condi-

sponsible for public relations in the

ried out in selected, highly-motivated

tions affecting water and establish-

federal state authorities, municipali-

municipalities: rainwater storage and

ment of a working basis with a

ties and water suppliers to publicize

geographical information system

relevant environmental issues and

Detailed gender analysis of the so-

implement measures to protect and

household water consumption, the

cial structures and the traditional

rehabilitate the aquifer.

need to pay water and sewage char-

forms of organization in the water

ges and the rational use of water.

sector in the project area and ex-

use for sanitation in a school, awareness raising campaigns on metering

<

<

Setting up a network of those re-

emplary pilot support of local womThe project implementation approach emphasizes the importance of

en‘s groups <

Participatory development and es-

permanent communication with and

tablishment

amongst all stakeholders and the se-

mechanisms with and amongst

lection of demonstration pilot communities.

of

communication

stakeholders <

Equalising

knowledge

amongst

stakeholders and preparing an initial version of the management plan

Imprint For further information: Agencia Alemana de Cooperación Técnica - GTZ Oficina de Representación Av. Santa Fe No. 170 - Of. 4-2-28 Col. Lomas de Santa Fe C.P. 01210 México, D.F. Phone: +52 55 8503 9935 [email protected] www.gtz.de/mexico

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

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Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: Bolivia Project: Water Supply and Sanitation Programme Term: 2001– 2013 Total funding: € 17,300,000 for phase 1 (2001– 2007)

Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (PROAPAC) Context In Bolivia, there is a direct link be-

main reasons are the lack of finances

infrastructure. This leads to an efficient

tween extreme poverty and lack of

and staff fluctuation. The distribution

organisation with high quality stan-

sanitation. About one third of house-

of international support through the

dards in water supply and sanitation.

holds do not have house connec-

Vice Ministry for Basic Sanitation is

tions, neither for water supply nor for

not based solely on objective criteria,

waste water. As a consequence there

but also reflects political interests.

On the national level, the project supports the Vice Ministry of Basic

is a high prevalence of water-borne

Sanitation in developing and imple-

diseases, which lead to further pov-

menting a sustainable sector policy.

erty. Within the poor communities

Project

there is a very low awareness of the

There, the multi-level approach of the GTZ project is of major advantage.

interrelations between sanitation, hy-

GTZ works on all levels, from the local

All the local and regional experience

giene and health. Therefore the main

water user to the national institutions.

gained can be fed back into the

interest of the population is not in

At local level, associations of water

process.

water quality, but in low water tariffs.

utilities are formed; about one third of

Unreliable payment behaviour causes

their Directors are democratically

The main focus in national terms is

serious financial problems for the wa-

elected and help to support the social

to utilise the budget for investment in

ter utilities. Together with a lack of

control mechanisms. There are also

a just and effective manner and to

qualified staff and insufficient frame-

information campaigns and hygiene

support the institutional development

work conditions, this results in ineffi-

education programmes, which help to

of the water utilities. This support,

cient and ineffective organisations.

raise awareness of sanitation. The

extended through cooperation with

people also realise the importance of

the water utilities association, enables

All the necessary national institu-

punctual payments and sustainable

management consultancy and further

tions such as ministries, a regulatory

use of water resources. To support

education programmes, which help to

body and the federation of water utili-

the local water utilities, GTZ cooper-

modernise the utilities. A foundation is

ties are in place. However, their insti-

ates closely with KfW, which provides

being established through close co-

tutional capabilities are low. The two

financial means for improving the

operation with the EU and Canada to

commissioned by:

Awareness raising for the advantages of safe water supply

About one third of households do not have house connections for water supply

support development programmes

the needs of their customers. On the

within the basic sanitation sector.

local level, the GTZ/KfW programme reaches about 600,000 people.

The regulatory body has been strengthened through a two-year con-

The water utilities have also shown

sultancy project. This now provides

an increasing interest in advisory

an annual benchmarking report, which

services and further education meas-

presents an overview of the water

ures. This can be considered as a re-

utilities’ business indicators. With this

sult of the improved control through

information, both the population and

the regulatory body. Currently the

the water utility can compare the lat-

federation of water utilities offers

ter’s achievements with those of other

high-quality services to satisfy the

utilities or with previous results.

demands of their members. This is also supported by the option of co-

Impact

financing through the foundation mentioned above.

Changes are already apparent, and

Cooperation on national level has

the process is ongoing. People have

revealed important changes in the

realised the importance of sanitation

awareness of decision makers. Prob-

for their health and quality of life. The

lems are no longer solved merely by

year 2005 was proclaimed “the year

investing in infrastructure, but also by

of water and sanitation in education”,

considering so-called „soft factors“

schools organise project weeks, and

such as management, knowledge,

plays are produced for fairs. The mes-

and corporate culture. This has con-

sage that safe water supply has its

sequences for the distribution of sec-

price has reached the people and

tor finance funds. Water utilities only

their payment behaviour has im-

receive money after their institutional

proved. The income of water utilities

capability has been improved. The

has doubled in some cases. The

distribution of funds no longer reflects

higher tariffs are implemented not

political interests, but depends on the

against but with the agreement of the

poverty of the region or community

local people. The water utilities have

concerned. The decisions taken are

modernised their processes and are

considerably more transparent and

now more and more oriented towards

more equitable.

Imprint For further information: GTZ – PROAPAC Av. Ecuador No. 2044, Esq. Sánchez Lima (Sopocachi) Edif. „Señor de la Misión“ La Paz – Bolivia Phone: +591 (2) 242 1354 [email protected] www.proapac.org

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180, 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

Design by: www.creativerepublic.net, © 2005 Photos: © GTZ Printed on 100% recycled paper

Status: 12/2005

Environment and Infrastructure Division

Factsheet Country: Peru Project: Drinking Water and Sanitation Programme Term: 2002 – 2012 Total funding: € 7,127,487 for phase 2 (2004 – 2008)

Drinking Water and Sanitation Programme Context Many Peruvian towns lack of ade-

towns. This in turn is detrimental to

water supply and waste water dis-

quate supply of hygienic drinking wa-

user payment discipline, which com-

posal in 13 small and medium-sized

ter and sufficient sanitary facilities.

pounds the serious financial problems

towns. Important indicators for the

The poor population in periurban ar-

of the companies. Politically motiva-

advisory and infrastructure measures

eas are the ones that suffer most from

ted influence by the owners curtails

are: drinking water quality and conti-

this deficit. Many households in these

the managerial autonomy of the en-

nuity of service, coverage rate of sup-

areas are not connected to the public

terprises and hampers growth.

ply and sanitation facilities and the

water and sewage grid. Having to fetch water every day as a result is costly and labour-intensive and the

reduction of adverse effects on the

Project

consequent hygienic conditions in the

environment. The lines of action of the pro-

households pose a serious health

The advisory services of the Pro-

gramme’s advisory and upgrading

hazard to the population.

gramme are based on an integral ap-

activity at corporate level include

proach. The institutional and infra-

enhancing management skills, raising

The municipal water supply and

structure improvements in the water

operating cost effectiveness, reduc-

sanitation utilities, public limited com-

utilities are linked with political, social

ing physical and commercial water

panies, that are owned by several

and standardisation aspects.

losses, rationalising operating and

municipalities, are frequently unable

maintenance procedures and intro-

to provide basic sanitation services.

One focus of the work with the wa-

ducing ISO 9000 quality standards.

The main problems are poor corpo-

ter utilities is to develop an organisa-

To complement this, KfW is financing

rate management, inadequately quali-

tional and management culture, which

rehabilitation and enlargement of

fied personnel, a run down water in-

meets the standards of modern social

water supply and sanitation infra-

frastructure and a serious shortage of

service providers. The overall objec-

structure, and measures to broaden

finances in the municipalities and

tive of the Programme is to improve

the scope of individual metering.

commissioned by:

Awareness raising for the importance of clean water

The Programme will mainstream these

The work of GTZ fits in with the

966,000 to 1,280,000. In all towns

measures in the operational and man-

national sectoral strategies and makes

served by the Programme, Target 10

agement processes.

a major contribution to attaining the

of MDG 7, reducing by half the pro-

aims of the national development plan

portion of people without sustainable

Besides the institutional, economic

for 2005 - 2015. Advice to the sectoral

access to safe drinking water and

aspect, GTZ also addresses the so-

ministry, the regulatory authority and

basic sanitation, is expected to be

cial policy dimension of sustainable

the association of the water utilities

achieved pro rata or even exceeded

water supply and sanitation. This cre-

in issues to do with standards and

by a large margin. At the same time,

ats a higher awareness for sanitation

regulatory provisions and enlarging

raising the number of connections to

and supports the transparency of

upgrading facilities are also lines of

the water grid in 13 towns to 56,700

economic and financial issues in

action pursued by the Programme.

largely poor families will reduce the

modern water and sanitation man-

financial burden for water supply by

agement. Therefore the reliability and

an average of 40%.

strategic planning abilities in local authorities are strengthened to assure

Impact

the sustainable supply of basic social

The increasing participation of the local population in decision-making

services to the people. Promoting

Between 1996 and 2003, about

processes helps to reduce conflicts of

thematic groups and inter-institutional

1 million people in the catchment area

interest. Additionally, more informa-

committees with representatives from

were provided with sustainable water

tion and transparency rises the level

civil society and public administra-

supply and sanitation services by four

of understanding and supports the

tion, public hearings, the introduction

medium-sized urban utilities. For the

acceptance of cost-recovering tariffs.

of

sanitation

current project term, the number of

standards in curricula, information,

people with access to sustainable

and educational campaigns by the

water supply and sanitation through

utilities are only some of the strategies

the joint efforts of the Peruvian part-

applied to achieve this objective.

ners, KfW and GTZ is to increase from

environmental

and

Imprint For further information: Programa de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado PROAGUA - GTZ Av. Los Incas 172, piso 5 San Isidro – Lima, Peru Phone: +51 1 222 0779 +51 1 222 0990 Fax: +51 1 222 0707 [email protected] www.proagua-gtz.org.pe

Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Water and Sanitation Section PO Box 5180 65726 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49 6196 79 -1327 Fax: +49 6196 79 -80 1327 [email protected] www.gtz.de/water

Design by: www.creativerepublic.net, © 2005 Photos: © GTZ Printed on 100% recycled paper

Status: 12/2005